Abstract: Provided is a transport packet generating apparatus that generates a transport packet having a variable length, and the length of the transport packet is indicated by a field included in a header of the transport packet or a synchronization area of the transport packet, in the field indicating a length of the transport packet. A transport depacketizing apparatus depacketizes the transport packet by decoding the field or detecting a starting point of the transport packet based on a predetermined rule with respect to the synchronization area to decode the transport packet.

Abstract: A communication device includes a control signal generating unit to generate a control signal for each of a plurality of second frames, and a mapping unit to map a payload signal of the plurality of second frames in a payload area of a first frame, and map at least some of the control signals generated by the control signal generating unit in a control signal area of the first frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, an apparatus, and a system for diverting a packet multiple times between a master network device and multiple slave devices. The method includes: receiving a packet sent by a first slave device, where the packet includes an MPLS header that carries multi-diversion information, the multi-diversion information includes a multi-diversion identifier field, and the multi-diversion identifier field is used to indicate a slave device to which the packet needs to be diverted; determining, according to the multi-diversion identifier field, a second slave device to which the packet needs to be diverted; and sending the packet to the second slave device.

Abstract: A method, user equipment, network equipment and a system for initiating a wireless connection and subsequent communication over a shared physical resource in a wireless communication system between user equipment and network equipment comprising: processing a UE-derived temporary identifier; communicating the temporary identifier as an identifier to the network equipment; communicating a downlink message conveying the temporary identifier and a description of a scheduled resource on a shared channel, the scheduled resource comprising a resource allocated to the user equipment by the network equipment; and communicating data on the scheduled resource in response to the downlink message.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described for modifying control plane messages for subscriber sessions with a network device to add and/or modify discrete information elements and thereby conform the messages to different versions of mobile network specifications, including roaming protocols, executed by different mobile networks or by heterogeneous infrastructure elements within a mobile network. In some examples, an input network interface of a network device receives a roaming protocol message on an interface connecting a first support node of a first mobile network and a second support node of a second mobile network. A roaming protocol module of the network device modifies the roaming protocol message by adding or modifying a discrete information element to conform the roaming protocol message to a roaming protocol of the second mobile network. An output network interface of the network device sends the modified roaming protocol message to the second support node.

Abstract: The present invention provides switches and routers, preferably with fully-connected mesh fabrics, that transmit data through the switch fabric in variable-size data units. Variable-size data units allow switches and routers to provide throughputs close to hardware capabilities, eliminating the need for over-capacity hardware in the switch fabric and other components. Along with variably-size data units, preferred embodiments of this invention include scheduling methods that provide fair allocation of pre-determined bandwidths to different protocols, to different classes of service within protocols, and to different resources within the switch by use of certain weighted, fair scheduling methods. The switches and routers of this invention are particularly directed to multi-protocol, high-throughput communication applications, but may have wide applicability in systems generally where data packets are switched or routed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing data packets in a network data processing system. The data processing system monitors for the data packets on the network data processing system. The data processing system sends a response data packet to a source endpoint that sent a request data packet in response to detecting the request data packet in the data packets requesting a first identifier for a first device at a target endpoint in the network data processing system. A response data packet has a selected identifier for a selected device in the monitoring data processing system. The data processing system processes a set of data packets in response to detecting the set of data packets having the selected identifier. The data processing system sends the set of data packets to the target endpoint with the first identifier for the first device in place of the selected identifier.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for processing a data packet. An input port receives a data packet, a switching board classifies the data packet, determines whether the data packet should be accepted, and switches the data packet to a management board if the data packet is a first data packet in a session, and to a processing board if the data packet is not a first data packet in a session. A management board receives a data packet from the switching board, examines the data packet and forwards the data packet to one of the processing boards. One or more processing boards receives non-first data packets from the switching board and data packets from the management board and processes the data packets. A firewall and a secure gateway with firewall and virtual private network functionality for processing a data packet are also described.

Abstract: A method begins by a processing module generating a payload of a dispersed storage network (DSN) frame regarding an intermediate write request operation by generating one or more transaction number fields of the payload to include one or more transaction numbers corresponding to a write request operation, wherein the intermediate write request operation is associated with the write request operation. The method continues with the processing module generating a protocol header of the DSN frame by generating a payload length field of the protocol header to include a payload length that represents a length of the one or more transaction number fields and generating remaining fields of the protocol header.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and medium are provided for detecting anomalous payloads transmitted through a network. The system receives payloads within the network and determines a length for data contained in each payload. A statistical distribution is generated for data contained in each payload received within the network, and compared to a selected model distribution representative of normal payloads transmitted through the network. The model payload can be selected such that it has a predetermined length range that encompasses the length for data contained in the received payload. Anomalous payloads are then identified based on differences detected between the statistical distribution of received payloads and the model distribution. The system can also provide for automatic training and incremental updating of models.

Abstract: In one example, a serving gateway device includes one or more network interfaces configured to receive a packet fragment from a packet data network gateway (PGW) device, and a control unit configured to hash a source Internet protocol (IP) address, a destination IP address, and a fragment identifier value for the packet fragment to determine an entry of a hash table, wherein the entry of the hash table includes data defining a next expected offset, a next expected fragment identifier, and a reference to a fragment table comprising data for at least one previous packet fragment corresponding to the packet fragment, to compare a length of the packet fragment to the next expected offset and the fragment identifier value for the packet fragment to the next expected fragment identifier, and store the packet fragment using the fragment table based on the comparison.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transceiving multiple service data from multiple communication services to a SONET/SDH communication system or network is provided. A SONET/SDH universal framer (SURF) bidirectionally provides communication between a SONET/SDH communication port and multiple service communication ports using their native data format. A provisioning register stores provisioning information describing the communication system and the communication ports. A SONET/SDH byte engine processes complex hierarchical SONET/SDH frames storing intermediate states when it changes to process a byte of data of a different STS-1 equivalent frame in a SONET/SDH STS-N frame. A service byte engine processes the multitude of service data formats and generally its intermediate states are restored, processed, and saved when it changes to process a different data stream or a different frame of data of a given service.

Abstract: A parallel computing device includes a plurality of communicatively interconnected nodes for executing an arithmetic process. Each of the plurality of nodes includes: a measurement unit configured to measure a communication bandwidth up to a destination node based on a communication scheme among the nodes, and a control unit configured to control a size of a packet transmitted to the destination node according to the communication bandwidth measured by the measurement unit.

Abstract: A method for symmetric receive-side scaling (RSS) in a network device having an ingress side RRS router and an egress side RSS router and a plurality of queues for handling packets. The method comprises identifying an internet protocol (IP) version being used for the network. The transport layer headers (TLHs) existence status is identified. A secret key by each of the egress side RSS router and the ingress side RSS router is identified. The key is based on the identification of the IP version and the TLHs existence status. The secret key ensures that packets sent from a source to a destination and packets sent from the destination to the source are routed by the egress side RSS router and the ingress side RSS router to a common queue among the plurality of queues. The secret key is stored at a storage in the network device. The secret key is used by the ingress side RSS router and the egress side RSS router for routing packets.

Abstract: A data transfer apparatus includes a transmitting unit, a transmission controlling unit, and a generating unit. The transmitting unit transmits transmit data over a transmission channel having a plurality of lines, such that the transmit data are assigned to the plurality of lines by information unit of the transmit data, the information unit. The transmission controlling unit appends control data to transfer data to be transferred to a receiving side to compose the transmit data, the control data being for controlling transmission and reception of the transfer data. The generating unit obtains information about the number of the lines. The generating unit determines, based on the number of the lines and the number of information units of the control data, the number of information units of the transfer data that makes the number of information units of the transmit data integral multiple of the number of the lines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sending messages from a first network device to a second network device is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises constructing a data packet, the data packet comprising a House Code field for identifying a house code relating to the first and second network devices, the house code for identifying an address common to the first network device and the second network device. The data packet further comprises a Long/Short field for indicating whether the data packet is a long data packet or a short data packet and a Command field comprising a command, the command for instructing the second network device to perform an action. The data packet further comprises a Data field comprising information for use by the second network device to execute the action associated with the command, and an Error Check field comprising error checking information. The data packet is then modulated and transmitting over one or more communication channels.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and system for an adaptive cache for caching context and for adapting to collisions in session lookup table. A network processor chip may comprise an on-chip cache that stores transport control blocks (TCB) from a TCB array in external memory to reduce latency in active transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) sessions. The on-chip cache may comprise a tag portion implemented using a content addressable memory (CAM) and a data portion implemented using a random access memory (RAM). When a session collision occurs the context of a subsequent network connection may be stored in a data overflow portion of an overflow table in the on-chip cache. A search key associated with the subsequent network connection that comprises network connection parameters may be stored in a tag overflow portion of the overflow table.

Abstract: An IP network system includes an IP address generating device that sets a specific area in a node identifier of an IP address as an access control area that can be filtered by a network layer control device, and generates an IP address including a communication policy of the IP network system embedded in the access control area, and the network layer control device capable of filtering the access control area, wherein the network layer control device is configured to perform filtering setting according to the communication policy and thereby performs access control.

Abstract: A system and method for guiding server chassis enumeration in a computer system are disclosed. One embodiment provides a method of connecting a plurality of computer server chassis configured as a plurality of nodes. For each cable connection between any two server chassis, a port on the first of the two server chassis to which a first end of a cable is connected is identified, and a port on the second server chassis to which a second end of the cable is connected is identified. The node containing second server chassis is uniquely designated by the port designator on the first server chassis, and the node containing the first server chassis is uniquely designated by the port designator on the second server chassis. An electronic alert is generated in response to any conflicting node designator.

Abstract: A transmission stream (TS) generating apparatus includes an adaptor which receives general data and generates a stream having a plurality of packets, and which provides adaptive field in some of the plurality of packets, and an inserter which inserts additional data into all the payload areas of some of the plurality of packets that are not provided with the adaptive fields. Because additional data is transmitted, without requiring adaptive field header in certain packet, a data transmission rate is increased.

Abstract: A packet diversion method and a DPI device are disclosed in the present invention. The method includes: receiving a packet, where the packet contains a user identifier; according to the user identifier and preset first correspondence between the user identifier and a service type, searching for the service type corresponding to the user identifier in the packet; adding an inner virtual local area network Vlan header to the packet according to the service type, preset second correspondence between a service type and a slave device identifier, and preset third correspondence between a slave device identifier and each bit in a diversion identifier field; and diverting the packet to a corresponding slave device according to the diversion identifier in the diversion identifier field. The inner Vlan header carrying the diversion identifier field is added to the packet, to indicate diversion of the packet in a same cluster.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) communication method and apparatus are provided. The WLAN communication method includes allowing a receiving station to receive a multi input multi output (MIMO) frame, allowing the receiving station to determine whether the MIMO frame is erroneous and whether the MIMO frame is destined for the receiving station, allowing the receiving station to generate a single input single output (SISO) acknowledgement (ACK) frame if the MIMO frame is not erroneous and is destined for the receiving station, and allowing the receiving station to transmit the SISO ACK frame to a sending station that has transmitted the MIMO frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of a transmit-side scaler and method for processing outgoing information packets using thread-based queues are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. In some embodiments, a process ID stored in a token area may be compared with a process ID of an application that generated an outgoing information packet to obtain a transmit queue. The token area may be updated with a process ID stored in an active threads table when the process ID stored in the token area does not match the process ID of the application.

Abstract: Techniques for sending control information on uplink channels are disclosed. In one design, a user equipment (UE) may determine its current configuration for concurrent transmission of a control channel and a shared channel. The UE may select one or more channels, from among the control channel and the shared channel, to send control information of at least one type in a same subframe. The UE may select the one or more channels based on the types of control information to send, the current configuration for concurrent transmission of the control channel and the shared channel, whether the UE is scheduled for data transmission on the shared channel in the subframe, whether the UE has sufficient transmit power to transmit both the control channel and the shared channel, etc. The UE may send the control information on the one or more selected channels in the subframe.

Abstract: A method for delineating a data stream transmitted by a communication system using a protocol stack includes: analyzing the redundancy of sequences, the content of which is set on one or more layers in a protocol stack to delineate packets, errored or not, in a continuous data stream; the method to this end including searching in the receiver for sequences corresponding to a known sequence SP present in the received stream, and doing so by detecting sequences similar to this known sequence, the non-similar sequences not being retained; the method further including, in the presence of similar sequences, storing their position to determine the start of the packets.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention overcomes deficiencies in the art by providing an apparatus (e.g., a mobile device) and executable code for use on an apparatus that provide the ability to designate selected incoming message sources, such as calling telephone numbers or email/text sender addresses, with an override flag, which can also be used, if desired, with a time-of-day parameter setting. With this feature, the user can place the apparatus in a particular alert mode and designate which calling telephone numbers or email/text sender addresses will override the alert mode with a second alert mode that is more appropriate for alerting the user when an incoming message is received from one of the designated calling telephone numbers or email/text sender addresses.

Abstract: A physical coding sublayer includes a first channel configured to receive a first encoded data stream from a physical media attachment layer and to provide a first decoded data stream to a media access layer. The first channel includes a first circuit configured to detect synchronization headers in the first encoded data stream received from the physical media attachment layer, a decoding circuit configured to decode the encoded data stream and to adjust a width of the received data from a first width to a second width based on a signal identifying the synchronization headers received from the first circuit, and a first single configured to compensate for clock differences between the physical media attachment layer and the media access layer to which the first buffer provides the first decoded data stream.

Abstract: A decompressing method and apparatus and belong to the field of communications. The method includes: receiving a compressed data packet and decompressing a sequence number compression code of the compressed data packet; obtaining a new reference sequence number according to time of receiving the compressed data packet, a buffered reference sequence number, reference time, and a unit sequence number time interval when a sequence number of the data packet fails to be decompressed because of successive packet losses; and re-decompressing the sequence number compression code of the data packet according to the new reference sequence number to obtain the sequence number of the data packet, where the reference sequence number is a sequence number of a last successfully decompressed data packet and the buffered reference time is time of receiving a compressed data packet, and the data packet is the last successfully decompressed data packet.

Abstract: A method to control measurement messaging is performed at a mobile wireless device. The mobile wireless device transmits a first measurement message to a radio access network in a wireless network and stores the first measurement message pending receipt of an acknowledgement from the radio access network. Before receiving the acknowledgement to the first measurement message, the mobile wireless device determines at least one parameter included in the first measurement message requires updating. The mobile wireless device deletes the stored pending first measurement message and transmits a second measurement message to the radio access network including an updated value for the at least one parameter in the first measurement message.

Abstract: A method for transmitting short messages (5) in a telecommunications network (10) is proposed, which enables especially simple, convenient downloading of data fields (15, 20, 25, 30) of the short message (5) from a network operator (70). A notice is sent to a subscriber (60) of the telecommunications network (10) as a function of a short message (5) transmitted to the telecommunications network (10) for the subscriber (60). With the notice, data that include items of information about the makeup and/or content of the short message (5) are transmitted to the subscriber (60).

Abstract: A new frame structure applicable to the IEEE 802.16 OFDMA wireless waveform is described, for the purposes of increasing base station capacity, increasing subscriber link rates and extending base station range. The frame structure provides the necessary constructs so that advance signal processing technologies such as Stacked Carrier Spread Spectrum and adaptive antenna technology may be used in combination with these constructs in order to realize these gains. These concepts are equally applicable in other advanced wireless waveforms based on OFDM or OFDMA such as LTE or UMB.

Abstract: A first wireless device comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit, in accordance with a first mode of operation or a second mode of operation, a packet to a second wireless device, wherein the packet includes a header portion and a data portion. A maximum time interval for the second station to respond to the packet is as follows: (i) in response to the packet being transmitted to the second device in accordance with the first mode of operation, the second device is to respond to the packet within a predetermined time period, and (ii) in response to the packet being transmitted to the second device in accordance with the second mode of operation, the second device is to respond to the packet in a time greater than the predetermined time period.

Abstract: Network traffic associated with a user is lawfully intercepted by mirroring data packets flowing to and from the user for which interception has been designated. A unique packet structure enables analysis of mirrored data packets of any network type. In one implementation, a packet structure comprises routable packets that encapsulate the mirrored packet stream. The routable packet structure may be formed by prepending a correlation header to each mirrored packet. The correlation header includes a routing header to allow the mirrored packets to be transportable across the public Internet. In addition, an intercept header may be embedded within the correlation header to easily support various analyzer-specific implementations. The intercept header may include a version field that is extensible for the various analyzer implementations.

Abstract: A mobile station performing a voice communication by using a radio resource, including a determination unit configured to determine whether an inputted packet is in a talk-spurt state or in a silent state; a message generating unit configured to generate a resource release request, when the determination unit determines that the inputted packet is in the silent state; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit the resource release request to a radio base station.

Abstract: A method for sending signals from an active computer in a high-voltage power transmission system including active protection computers and active and standby control computers in a hierarchical structure having at least two hierarchical levels. A high-voltage power transmission system and a control station for at least a part of such a transmission system. In the system all computers on the various hierarchical levels are connected to at least two separate computer communication networks. An active computer sends signals that are to be received by at least one other computer at the same or another hierarchical level simultaneously on the two separate computer communication networks to which it is connected.

Abstract: A method for transmitting non-user-specific control information in a wireless communication system includes: in a downlink time period which includes one or more time zones, a base station sends non-user-specific control information in a time zone in which user specific control information is sent; and a terminal obtains and decodes the non-user-specific control information, then obtains information needed to decode user specific control information according to the obtained non-user-specific control information.

Abstract: A method and circuit for implementing variable length packets to embed extra control information in an interconnect system, and a design structure on which the subject circuit resides are provided. Packets are defined to include an End-to-End (ETE) Flow Unit within packet (Flit) count field in the packet header. The packet header also includes its own CRC field. When a nonzero ETE flit count field is received in an incoming packet from an incoming link, the specified number of embedded ETE flits is removed from the packet and is used the same as if the control information arrived in its own packet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for generating an uplink reference signal in a system supporting plural uplink-access transmission modes. The method comprises: a step for transmitting the reference signal configuration information about the configuration of a reference signal from a base station to a user device through an uplink grant PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), and a step for receiving from the user device a sub-frame including the reference signal that is generated based on the reference signal configuration information. The reference signal configuration information is prepared for plural uplink access transmission modes and includes a cyclic shift value for the sequence of the reference signal. The reference signal is supposed to be transmitted to an uplink, and the user device is set up to be operated in the uplink-access transmission mode that corresponding to the reference signal configuration information.

Abstract: A frame transmission system includes a frame transmitter and a frame receiver. The frame transmitter includes a frame fragmentation unit and a reproduction header appending unit. The frame fragmentation unit fragments an input frame and outputs transfer frames when the length of the input frame exceeds a predetermined fragmentation reference frame length, and does not fragment the input frame and outputs the input frame as a transfer frame when the length of the input frame is less than or equal to the fragmentation reference frame length. The reproduction header appending unit appends a reproduction header to the transfer frames outputted from the frame fragmentation unit. Here, the reproduction header being required when the transfer frames are reproduced at a receiving side. The reproduction header appending unit varies the header length of the reproduction header to be appended to the transfer frame, according to the length of the input frame.

Abstract: A method of generating a file at a header metadata creator apparatus, the method including: generating, at the header metadata creator apparatus, a file, the file including: a file header, a file body, and a file footer, wherein the file header includes at least KLV encoded header metadata, the KLV encoded header metadata including at least a universal label, length data and variable length data, the variable length data including a plurality of KLV encoded metadata sets, each one of the KLV encoded metadata sets includes a predetermined universal label, essence length data and a plurality of KLV encoded metadata items, and each KLV encoded metadata item includes at least an item universal label, variable item length data and item value data.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for physical layer aggregation are provided. An example method includes receiving, form a medium access control (MAC) layer protocol entity, data encapsulated into a packet comprising a preamble, fragmenting said packet into a plurality of fragment payloads, and conveying each of said fragment payloads to said third portion of said one or more circuits, wherein at least one of said plurality of fragment payloads comprises one or more octets copied from said preamble.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an IP broadcast system includes a transmitting side and a receiving side connected to the transmitting side through a broadcast network on an IP network. The transmitting side includes a multiplexer which generates a standardized multiplex frame including at least a header field and an information field by multiplexing a plurality of RTP packets. The receiving side includes a buffer which temporarily holds the multiplex frame from the broadcast network and a program reproducer which retrieves and analyzes the multiplex frame from the buffer, extracts a reproduction clock shared by a plurality of programs, demultiplexes a plurality of TSs for each program from the multiplex frame, and based on the reproduction clock, reproduces the programs from each TS.

Abstract: An apparatus for selecting a size of a radio link control (RLC) protocol data unit (PDU) is described. The apparatus includes means for receiving a request for an RLC PDU from a medium access control (MAC) layer. The apparatus further includes means for selecting the size of the RLC PDU. The apparatus also includes means for generating the RLC PDU. The apparatus further includes means for sending the RLC PDU to the MAC layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for packet classification using a Bloom filter and includes determining a matching length of how long each field value of one or more fields in an input packet coincides with a field value of the corresponding field stored in a rule set by performing a field-by-field search on the fields in the input packet, and generating a tuple list made up of a combination of one or more of the matching length for the respective fields; selecting particular tuples existing in the rule set from the tuple list; filtering each of the selected tuples by using the Bloom filter; and searching for a best matching rule as a search pool exclusively within the tuples with the positive result of the filtering. According to the present disclosure, the object tuples to search can be substantially relieved to improve the searching performance.

Abstract: A method for generating a packet sequence for determining a Packet Error Rate (PER) using network packets, the method comprising generating, using a Local Area Network (LAN) enabled computer, a series of network PER test packets and frames, each packet comprising a predetermined unique identifier and each frame comprising a predetermined sequence for the packets in the series of network packets, wherein the series of network packets and frames are each of a size that is compliant with a predetermined framing mode and encapsulation protocol for the transmission system for determining a PER from the series of network packets and frames, and transmitting, using a transmitting device, the network packets and frames to a receiving device.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus for sequentially transmitting data in units of packets each containing transmission data to the receiving end. The apparatus including a reception unit receiving the transmission data as an input signal, a packet formation unit receiving the transmission data, and forming an uncompressed packet in which predetermined transmission data is stored as uncompressed data, and a compressed packet in which at least a portion of transmission data that follows the predetermined transmission data is compressed and stored as compressed data. The apparatus also including a reference information management unit holding and managing as reference information related to the uncompressed packet, and a transmission unit transmitting the packets formed by the packet formation unit. The packet formation unit forming compressed data to be stored in a compressed packet, based on the transmission data of the uncompressed packet and the reference information.

Abstract: A control unit assigns an IP address to a new terminal apparatus which has approved of the participation. When a server, to which an IP address is assignable, is contained in the ad-hoc network, the control unit instructs the new terminal apparatus to access the server. When the server, to which an IP address is assignable, is not contained in the ad-hoc network and when the new terminal apparatus is capable of assigning an IP address on its own, the control unit instructs the new terminal apparatus to assign an IP address. When the server, to which an IP address is assignable, is not contained in the ad-hoc network and when the new terminal apparatus is not capable of assigning an IP address on its own, the control unit assigns an IP address to the new terminal apparatus.

Abstract: A low complexity system and method for operating a receiver in order to estimate an offset between the actual sample clock rate 1/TS? of a receiver and an intended sample clock rate 1/TS. The receiver captures samples of a received baseband signal at the rate 1/TS?, operates on the captured samples to generate an estimate for the clock rate offset, and fractionally resamples the captured samples using the clock rate offset. The resampled data represents an estimate of baseband symbols transmitted by the transmitter. The action of operating on the captured samples involves computing an error vector signal and then estimating the clock rate offset using the error vector signal. The error vector signal may be computed in different ways depending on whether or not carrier frequency offset and carrier phase offset are assumed to be present in the received baseband signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a broadcast signal in a transmitter are disclosed. The apparatus includes an RS encoder 212 configured to encode mobile data for forward error correction (FEC), a group formatter 214 configured to form a data group using (or including) the encoded mobile data and known data sequence, a packet formatter 216 configured to form a specified number of mobile data packets and a first scalable number of mobile data packets by using the data included in the data group, a packet multiplexer (MUX) 120 configured to multiplex the formed mobile data packets and a second scalable number of main data packets, a data interleaver 1502 configured to interleave data of the multiplexed data packets, and a transmission unit 170 configured to transmit the interleaved data. Herein, the known data are spotted in the interleaved data.

Abstract: A transmitter generates MUX-PDUs for video, audio, data, and/or control streams based on a fixed PHY packet size such that all or a substantial percentage of the MUX-PDUs conform to the PHY packet size. The MUX-PDUs have variable sizes and are mapped to PHY packets such that (1) each MUX-PDU that is smaller than the PHY packet size is sent in one PHY packet and (2) each MUX-PDU that is larger than the PHY packet size is sent in a minimum number of PHY packets. Each MUX-PDU is padded with one or more null MUX-PDUs and/or one or more padding bytes, if needed, to obtain the PHY packet size. Each PHY packet is sent in one transmission time interval (TTI) to a receiver. The receiver performs the complementary processing on the received PHY packets to recover the MUX-PDUs. The receiver forwards each valid MUX-PDU and discards any padding.