Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for combining at least two data signals having an input data rate into a single data stream having an output data rate being higher than the input data rate for transmission on a shared medium or vice versa, particularly, to a single SDH/SONET framer capable of handling a large range of SDH/SONET frames from STM-i to STM-j with an aggregated total capacity corresponding to an STM-j frame where i and j are integers in the range from 1 to 64 or higher according to the STM-N definition of the SDH/SONET standards. More over, the present invention can also be extended to work with STS-1 as lowest range. STS-1 exists in SONET only not SDH and corresponds to a data rate of 51.5 Mb/s a third of the 156 Mb/s of STM-1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for transmitting a data flow (a) from a transmitter device (1) to a receiver device (2) via a network (3) with a packet-based transmission protocol, in particular via the TCP/IP-based internet, with the devices (1) and (2) being connected to the network via network access links (4,4?) and with a plurality of network access links (4,4?) for bundling being disposed on the side of the transmitter device and/or receiver device, with an auxiliary transmitter device (5) being interconnected between the transmitter device (1) and the network access link(s) (4) and with an auxiliary receiver device (6) being interconnected between the network access link(s) (4?) and the receiver device (2). The present invention also relates to a method of transferring a data flow via bundled network access links as well as to an auxiliary transmitter device and to an auxiliary receiver device and to a transmission and receiving method therefore.

Abstract: A method for encoding a broadcast channel protocol data unit (BCH PDU) based on a broadcast control channel (BCCH) scheduling error in a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) having a Node B and a radio network controller includes setting up a call between the radio network controller and the Node B to receive system information and scheduling information for a system information update from the radio network controller; initializing broadcast channel protocol data units and control information for every system frame number (SFN) at the Node B; and detecting the broadcast control channel scheduling error on the scheduling information for the system information update based on segment types of the system information when combining the system information for every system frame number. In case the broadcast control channel scheduling error is not detected, the broadcast channel protocol data units are encoded to be incorporated therein the system information.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing variable-length packets in a buffer memory for transmission are described. In some examples, as each packet of the packets is written to a buffer memory, a length of the packet is obtained from a length field therein. For each packet of the packets, the length of the packet is compared with a threshold length. An encoded length for each of the packets is stored in a sideband memory, the encoded length for each packet of the packets being: (i) the length of the packet if the length satisfies the threshold; or (ii) a predefined value if the length of the packet does not satisfy the threshold. As each packet of the packets is read from the buffer memory, an end location of the packet is determined responsive to the encoded length thereof in the sideband memory.

Abstract: Wired and wireless communication networks can be subject to burst interference resulting in loss of throughput and data corruption. In a communication system comprising a transmitting network device and a receiving network device, the transmitting network device can be configured to implement balanced bit loading for retransmitting packets of a failed packet transmission. On receiving a request for retransmission from the receiving network device, the transmitting network device can identify and eliminate sub-carriers that are associated with a bit load that is less than a predefined bit load threshold. The transmitting network device can attempt to reallocate bit loads of the eliminated sub-carriers to remaining sub-carriers across two or more constituent symbols per original symbol.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for transporting Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) tributaries. The method accepts a plurality of PDH tributaries; generates a serial data stream of interleaved PDH tributaries; generates a serial control stream of signals for recovering the PDH tributaries; and, generates a clock signal for timing the data and control streams. The serial data stream of interleaved PDH tributaries is loaded into the payload of a data frame structure. Likewise, the serial control stream is loaded into the payload of a control frame structure. The data bytes of the serial data stream and the control bytes of the serial control stream are both transmitted at the same data rate. That is, there is a control byte generated for each data byte. Thus, the control bytes in the control frame structure are aligned with corresponding data bytes in the data frame structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring a frame of data from a first network to a second network. The method includes adding a first steering header to a frame of data received by a first port that is destined for the second network. The method further includes selecting a first receive queue of a plurality of receive queues based on one or more of (i) a database number, (ii) a priority bit, and (iii) a source port identifier of the first steering header; loading the frame of data into the first receive queue; and replacing the first steering header with a second steering header. The second steering header comprises the database number and a virtual local area network table vector. The method further includes determining the second port as a destination port for the frame of data based on the database number and the virtual local area network table vector.

Abstract: A data unit for transmitting data in a digital broadcasting system includes a first payload field, and a first byte code field having a value indicating an offset of data in the first payload field with respect to an absent value. A method for formatting the data unit includes: providing data for a payload field for a data unit, wherein the data includes an absent byte value, determining an offset between an absent byte value and other data in the payload field, shifting the data in the payload field by the offset to produce shifted bytes, and inserting a byte code in the data unit, wherein the byte code indicates the offset. A transmitter for transmitting the data units, and a receiver for receiving the data units are also provided.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for channel mapping in a UTRA TDD HSDPA wireless communication system by applying interleaving functions in first (530) and second (540) interleaving means to a bit sequence to produce symbols for mapping to physical channels, the first and second interleaving means being arranged to map symbols from respectively systematic and parity bits in a predetermined scheme, e.g., mapping symbols in a forward direction when a channel has an even index number, and in a reverse direction when a channel has an odd index number. The symbols may comprise bit-pairs, each of a systematic bit and parity bit. Systematic bits are preferably mapped to high reliability bit positions in TDD HSDPA, achieving a performance gain of between 0.2 dB and 0.5 dB. The forwards/reverse mapping allows a degree of interleaving that improves system performance in fading channels or channels disturbed by short time period noise or interference.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for supporting a plurality of MIMO modes in a wireless communication system are provided, in which a receiver selects one of the plurality of MIMO modes according to at least one of a received signal strength, a speed of the receiver, a correlation between a transmitter and the receiver, a presence or absence of channel quality information, a precoding index, and an antenna information, a rank, and a number of users, generates feedback information in a transmission format corresponding to the selected MIMO mode, and transmits the feedback information to the transmitter using a feedback resources allocated according to the selected MIMO mode.

Abstract: Source nodes in an International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-advanced 4G network transmit data on uplink channels to a relay node and a BS using a channel code. The relay node decodes independently the data received from each source node, and applies network coding to data correctly decoded, and transmits the encoded data to the BS. The BS decodes the encoded data transmitted by the sources nodes and the relay nodes cooperatively via a turbo decoding process. The data from each source node are decoded by soft-input soft-output single user decoders and are decoded, together with the data from the relay node, by a soft-input soft-output multi-user decoder.

Abstract: Embodiments include systems and methods for frame tunneling in a wireless communications system comprising digital beam forming. Embodiments comprise a first and second frame control field with the second frame control field comprising a High Throughput Control (HTC) enabling field. If the HTC enabling field is enabled, then an HTC field is sent that announces a sounding frame and a type of channel estimation feedback expected from a receiving station.

Abstract: Methods of managing a receive buffer in a receiving communications terminal are disclosed, the receive buffer including a data memory organized into a plurality of individually addressable data words and into a plurality of segments, each of which is larger than one addressable data word but smaller than a maximum frame size. The methods include receiving a frame of data from an originating communications terminal, storing the received frame of data in the receive buffer beginning at a selected segment of a group of reserved segments, and releasing a number of the reserved segments equal to the number of segments in a maximum frame size less an actual number of segments occupied by the received frame.

Abstract: Instant discloser is a method to transmit multiple data-streams of varying capacity data using Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) over Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) network, comprising acts of determining number of data bytes to be requested for each Virtual Concatenation Group (VCG) in a row-time of the aggregated bandwidth and storing it in a VCG request configuration memory, reading the requested number of data bytes from each data-stream in order in to a Row Buffer for each row time of an SDH frame, reading data stored in the Row Buffer from memory address determined by one or more connection memory wherein the connection memory is programmed to carry out sequencing of bytes of the Row Buffer based on the VCAT numbering, and inserting path overhead (POH) and pointer information in to the read data streams in previous step to transmit multiple data-streams of varying capacity data using VCAT over SDH network.

Abstract: A codec converter includes: a plurality of codec converting units each configured to convert first encoded media data encoded using a first encoding mode into second encoded media data encoded using a second encoding mode different from the first encoding mode; a media data extracting unit configured to extract input-encoded media data from an input packet, and to generate conversion information that identifies a desired format conversion; a resource allocation unit configured to route the input-encoded media data to a selected one of the plurality of codec converting units based on the conversion information; and a packet reassembling unit configured to receive output-encoded media data from the selected one of the plurality of codec converting units, and to assemble the output-encoded media data into an output packet. Each of the plurality of codec converting units selects a different pair of first and second encoding modes.

Abstract: A user agent capable of autonomous combining. The user agent can be implemented as a processor configured to promote receiving a first signal from an access node and a second signal from a relay node. The processor may be further configured to combine the first and second signals.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide methods and apparatus for offset interleaving of media frames for transmission over a communication network. In one aspect, a method for interleaving a stream of media frames for transmission over a communication network includes the acts of defining a plurality of packets and interleaving a stream of media frames among the packets.

Abstract: A host module is disclosed, in which an interface is used to couple to at least an electronic device through a serial bus and comprises at least first and second ports. A detection unit reports that one of the first and second ports is enabled and the other is not enabled to a serial bus host driver and enables the interface to perform data transmission with the electronic device connected to the first and second ports through two parallel transmission channels of the serial bus, when the first and second ports are both connected to the same electronic device through the serial bus.

Abstract: A method for using a non-timer dedicated resource, such as a communication resource, for performing timing operations is provided. The method is advantageous for use with embedded applications in dedicated devices having limited timing resources, particularly in cases where the existing timing resources have all been allocated to specific tasks and are not available to accommodate further timing requirements.

Abstract: Using a transformation based, at least in part, on a non-simple orthogonal matrix, data may be transmitted over a data bus in a manner that is resilient to one or more types of signal noise, that does not require a common reference at the transmission and acquisition points, and/or that has a pin-efficiency that is greater than 50% and may approach that of single-ended signaling. Such transformations may be implemented in hardware in an efficient manner. The transformation may be combined with methods from forward error correction to lower the required transmission power.

Abstract: A method for handling packet discard in a transmitter of a wireless communications system includes activating a “use of a special value of a header extension field” mode, discarding a plurality of service data units, wherein the last service data unit of the plurality of service data units ends at an end of a first protocol data unit using the special value in a header extension field, and setting a value of a field to be a sequence number of a second protocol data unit, wherein the field is utilized for indicating a receiver to discard all not yet successfully received service data units that have segments with sequence number being less than the value of the field, and the second protocol data unit is next to the first protocol data unit.

Abstract: An automatic technique for generating signatures for malicious network traffic performs a cluster analysis of known malicious traffic to create a signature in the form of a state machine. The cluster analysis may operate on semantically tagged data collected by connection or session and normalized to eliminate protocol specific features. The signature extractor may generalize the finite-state machine signatures to match network traffic not previously observed.

Abstract: A protocol processing apparatus determines a unit size of a bitmap table to be used in reassembly based on the size of a received fragmented IP datagram. A bitmap table is generated according to the determined unit size, and the received fragmented IP datagram is reassembled using the generated bitmap table.

Abstract: A system and a method provides both for a real-time-critical communication and a non-real-time-critical communication in a switched data network consisting of users and switching units, for example a distributed automation system, by means of a cyclic operation. In a so-called transmission cycle (12), there exists for all users and switching units of the switched data network in each case at least one section (13) for transmitting real-time-critical data and at least one section (14) for transmitting non-real-time-critical data, as a result of which the real-time-critical communication is separated from the non-real-time-critical communication. Since all users and switching units are always synchronized to a common time base, the respective sections for transmitting data in each case take place at the same time for all users and switching units, i.e.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for splitting an asynchronous signal are provided. The method includes: buffering, according to frame sequence, an asynchronous signal to be split; and sending n frames of data respectively on n channels in parallel whenever n frames of data have been buffered, where n is a ratio of a rate level of the asynchronous signal before split to that of the asynchronous signal after split. A method and apparatus for signal combination are provided. The method includes: buffering n channels of parallel signals to be combined simultaneously according to frame sequence; and sending n channels of frames serially after one frame is buffered for each of the n channels of the parallel signals; wherein n is a ratio of a rate level of the parallel signals after combined to a rate level of the parallel signals before combined.

Abstract: A network diagnostic component that is placed in-line between a first and second node. The diagnostic component is used to perform a comparison operation on any specified portion of a network data frame. For example, the first node may communicate with the second node using a network data frame that includes one or more data units. The network diagnostic component uses a starting and ending address that specify where in the network data frame to begin and end the comparison operation. A match template that specifies a particular condition for comparison is also used. The network diagnostic component then performs the comparison operation by searching for a data unit that at least partially matches the comparison condition in the portion of the network data frame specified by the starting and ending addresses. The data unit may be located at any location in the specified portion of the data frame.

Abstract: A wireless peripheral interconnect bus that enables the transferring of data at a high rate over wireless medium. The bus further enables the wireless connection of peripheral components to a computing device, thereby providing a distributed computing device. The bus implements a layered protocol to provide a reliable link over the wireless medium. The wireless peripheral interconnect bus may be implemented as at least one of a peripheral component interconnect PCI Express™ (PCIe) bus, a PCIe second generation, or a PCIe third generation.

Abstract: A transmission circuit and method for transmitting a bit sequence to be transmitted is provided that includes a dividing device for dividing the bit sequence into an even-numbered bit sequence and into an odd-numbered bit sequence, a first device for forming the first sampled values of a first fundamental wave depending on the even-numbered bit sequence, a second device for forming second sampled values of a second fundamental wave depending on the odd-numbered bit sequence, the second fundamental wave being shifted relative to the first fundamental wave by a time period, and includes a summator for summation of the first sampled values of the first fundamental wave and the second sampled values of the second fundamental wave to form an output value sequence.

Abstract: A user agent capable of autonomous combining. The user agent can be implemented as a processor configured to promote receiving a first signal from an access node and a second signal from a relay node. The processor may be further configured to combine the first and second signals.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for configuring a subframe to support a relay service in a multi-hop relay BWA communication system are provided, in which a first zone of a subframe is configured for at least one of communication between a BS and a first MS within the coverage area of the BS and communication between at least one RS and a second MS within the coverage area of the at least one RS, and a second zone of the subframe is configured for at least one of communication between the BS and the at least one RS and communication between the at least one RS and another RS.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the disclosures describes a method that includes receiving multiple ingress Internet Protocol packets, each of the multiple ingress Internet Protocol packets having an Internet Protocol header and a Transmission Control Protocol segment having a Transmission Control Protocol header and a Transmission Control Protocol payload, where the multiple packets belonging to a same Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol flow. The method also includes preparing an Internet Protocol packet having a single Internet Protocol header and a single Transmission Control Protocol segment having a single Transmission Control Protocol header and a single payload formed by a combination of the Transmission Control Protocol segment payloads of the multiple Internet Protocol packets. The method further includes generating a signal that causes receive processing of the Internet Protocol packet.

Abstract: Techniques for time transfer via signal encoding are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a method for time transfer via signal encoding comprising generating a time service ordered-set for inclusion in a physical coding sublayer frame of a physical layer device, generating time service data for inclusion in the physical coding sublayer frame of the physical layer device, and transmitting the physical coding sublayer frame.

Abstract: An HDLC frame formation technique that calculates fields based on unscrambled data and combines unscrambled fields with scrambled data. Decoding HDLC frames includes determining integrity of the scrambled data based on the unscrambled fields.

Abstract: A system and method for flexible data provision to mobile communication devices, which enables the user to selectively download data to the mobile communication device from a remote computer. The selective data download may optionally apply to one or more of a single item of data, to multiple items of data, one or more categories of data and the like. Preferably, the user interface provided through the remote computer comprises a mark-up language document, such as a Web page for example.

Abstract: A multiplexing pattern generator generates a multiplexing pattern signal indicating the order of types of data to be multiplexed. A video remaining size calculator and an audio remaining size calculator calculate, as a remaining size, the size of multiplexable data of an elementary stream. A video packet generator and an audio packet generator generate a multiplex packet containing transmission data of a predetermined size, based on the multiplexing pattern signal and the remaining size. A multiplexer generates a multiplexed stream. The video remaining size calculator and the audio remaining size calculator calculate the remaining size, based on the data size per access unit and the transmission size of transmission data. The video packet generator and the audio packet generator generate a multiplex packet, if the data type indicated by the multiplexing pattern signal shows matching, and the remaining size is equal to or larger than the transmission size.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for performing Buffer Status Reporting (BSR) in a user equipment (UE) of a wireless communication system. The method includes steps of forming a Medium Access Control (MAC) Packet Data Unit (PDU), the MAC PDU including padding bits with a bit amount larger than the size of a BSR MAC control element, triggering a padding BSR procedure, reporting a short BSR MAC control element when the padding bits of the MAC PDU cannot accommodate a long BSR MAC control element, and indicating the short BSR MAC control element triggered by the padding BSR procedure through a sub-header corresponding to the BSR MAC control element in the MAC PDU.

Abstract: A method of generating a data block to be transmitted from a protocol layer to a receiving side in a wireless communication system, the protocol layer having a header compression function, comprises generating at least one of a control packet which includes control information and a compressed packet generated by header compression for an upper layer data block, and generating a first lower layer data block which includes type indication information and the control packet, if the control packet is generated, the type indication information indicating a type of control information included in the generated control packet.

Abstract: A method for communication over a communication channel includes processing input data, which is accepted at a first variable bit rate, so as to produce output data that is encoded with a Forward Error Correction (FEC) code and has a second bit rate that matches an available bit rate of the communication channel. The output data is transmitted over the communication channel at the available bit rate. The output data is received from the communication channel and decoded so as to reconstruct the input data.

Abstract: Packets of real-time information are sent with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a time or path or combined time/path diversity rate initially being zero kilobits per second. This results in a quality of service QoS, optionally measured at the sender or the receiver. When the QoS is on an unacceptable side of a threshold of acceptability, the sender sends diversity packets at an increased rate. Increasing the diversity rate while either reducing or maintaining the overall transmission rate is new. CELP-based multiple-description data partitioning sends the base or important information plus a subset of fixed excitation in one packet and sends the base or important information plus the complementary subset of fixed excitation in another packet. Reconstruction produces acceptable quality when only one of the two packets is received and better quality when both packets are received. Reconstruction provides for single and multiple lost packets.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method for implementing a circuit emulation service through a packet-switched network, wherein the packet-switched network cooperates with a first interface and a second interface suitable to connect a first user and a second user, respectively, to the packet-switched network. The method comprises: a) at the first interface, receiving a TDM flow from the first user; b) converting the TDM flow in packets formatted according to the circuit emulation service, wherein at least one of the packets comprises a header in turn comprising a redundant field; c) compressing the header into a compressed header by processing the redundant field, and forming a compressed packet comprising the compressed header; d) transmitting the compressed packet through the packet-switched network to the second interface.

Abstract: A system for constructing and deconstructing data packets is disclosed, wherein the system is operable to support a number of different coding formats. The system comprises a processor means operatively coupled to a processor bus. A packet processing data path is attached to the processor bus as a slave via a bus interface means. The packet processing data path comprises a number, n, of blocks, where n is an integer. Respective blocks comprise configuration registers operable to provide information on what operation the blocks should perform for the current packet field being processed. The bus interface means comprises a first register operable to control a bus of Update Enable signals, which bus is also connected to the n blocks. The bus interface means also comprises a second register operable to control a Mode signal, which is also connected to the n blocks.

Abstract: A communication system communication system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter inverts multiple bits of first transmission data, serializes the first transmission data to generate second transmission data, and provides the second transmission data to communication channels, in response to an error signal. The receiver inverts multiple bits of first reception data provided from the communication channels, parallelizes the first reception data to generate second reception data, and generates the error signal based on the second reception data, in response to the error signal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving a plurality of data frames representing at least one virtually concatenated data stream, storing the plurality of data frames in a memory; and recording, for each of a plurality of data frames, a physical write address that indicates a position in the memory and a virtual write address that includes a multiframe indicator and a byte number indicator.

Abstract: A method for transmitting burst allocation information by a base station in a broadband wireless communication system in which a transmitted frame includes symbols, and orthogonal subcarriers in a frequency axis constitute each of the symbols based on a predetermined time unit. The method includes the steps of generating a reduced connection identifier (CID) by reducing a basic CID of a mobile terminal connected to the base station when the basic CID exists within a preset range, and inserting an MAP, which includes an enabled field representing the reduced CID and one of use and non-use of the reduced CID, into the frame, and transmitting the frame to the mobile terminal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for generating video packets are provided. A method of generating a video packet includes generating at least one pixel block including at least one reference pixel and at least one neighboring pixel adjacent to the at least one reference pixel from pixels of a video frame; replacing a pixel value of the at least one neighboring pixel in the at least one pixel block with a pixel difference value, which is a difference value between a pixel value of a pixel adjacent to the at least one neighboring pixel and the pixel value of the at least one neighboring pixel; and generating packets so that a pixel value of the at least one reference pixel and the pixel difference value of the at least one neighboring pixel are allocated to different packets according to positions of the pixels.

Abstract: A technique controls the capacity of a virtual concatenation group (VCG) carried on a SONET path of a data network. Efficient control of VCG capacity is provided by emulating aspects of a Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) protocol in software. A hardware poller facility is employed to manage the status and state of the VCG, as well as members belonging to the VCG. The hardware poller contains one or more VCG state machines (VSMs) and member state machines (MSMs) configured to maintain the status and states of the VCGs and their members.

Abstract: An apparatus and system for encoding out of order data packets in a network are described. At a source unit, an out-of-order parameter is selected as the maximum out of order range value of data packets to be encoded with a minimum header size. A shifting parameter is then calculated using the selected out-of-order parameter. For a new data packet received, having a predetermined header field value, an interpretation interval is further calculated as a function of the shifting parameter and a reference value of a header field within a previously transmitted data packet. An encoding and compression algorithm is then applied to the predetermined header field value using the calculated interpretation interval, and the compressed value is further transmitted to a destination unit.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments, a system includes a first component and a second component. The system also includes a communication interface between the first and second components. A communication packet transmitted from the first component to the second component comprises a bit inversion identifier.

Abstract: Techniques for time transfer via signal encoding are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a method for time transfer via signal encoding comprising generating a time service ordered-set for inclusion in a physical coding sublayer frame of a physical layer device, generating time service data for inclusion in the physical coding sublayer frame of the physical layer device, and transmitting the physical coding sublayer frame.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing data packets within a communication system such as a synchronous optical network (SONET) detect an invalid byte and drop and shift bytes of data to address an invalid byte. A method according to one embodiment of the present invention, includes receiving a first data packet in the communication system. Thereafter, it is determined whether this packet ends with both a valid byte and an invalid byte of data. If both the valid and invalid bytes are present, the invalid byte is dropped and a valid byte from a succeeding data packet is concatenated with the valid byte of the first data packet, and byte shifting occurs in the succeeding data packet. Byte shifting continues until a second packet ending with an invalid byte is encountered. Skipping a clock cycle at the end of the second packet with the invalid byte results in packets with only valid data.