Abstract: An apparatus includes an encoder adapted to encode data bits for transmission via a communication link. The encoder includes a logic circuit. The logic circuit is adapted to perform a logic operation on a pattern of bits and the data bits in order to reduce a run-length of the data bits.

Abstract: Reframing circuitry controls communications between a physical layer device and a link layer device. In a first direction of communication, the reframing circuitry receives a container frame with the container frame having a first arrangement of columns, and outputs a virtual container frame that includes a modified version of the container frame received by the reframing circuitry, with the modified version of the container frame having a second arrangement of columns different than the first arrangement of columns. For example, the reframing circuitry in generating the modified version of the container frame may remove a path overhead column of the container frame and replace that path overhead column with a stuff column in the modified version of the container frame. The virtual container frame may be configured to include the path overhead column that was removed from the container frame in generating the modified version of the container frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method, an apparatus, and a system for processing streaming media data. An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing streaming media data, including: receiving, by a streaming media data encapsulation device, an application layer streaming media data block sent by a streaming media server, determining a source format and a target format of the application layer streaming media data block, where the number of data packets in the application layer streaming media data block is greater than the maximum integral number of data packets that are in the source format and can be contained in one packet in the target format, and segmenting and encapsulating, by the streaming media data encapsulation device, the data packets in the application layer streaming media data block into at least two packets in the target format according to the source format and the target format.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for transmitting an ACK/NACK in a TDD system. A component carrier (CC) configuration for a user equipment (UE) and a transmission mode of each CC are received. An ACK/NACK feedback mode is selected based on an overhead status for feedback in an uplink. An ACK/NACK is processed according to the selected feedback mode. And the ACK/NACK is transmitted in the uplink. The method provided by the present invention can avoid excessive overhead for feedback in uplink in various extreme circumstances while ensuring satisfying performances of downlinks under many configurations.

Abstract: A message processing engine may intercept outgoing and incoming messages by bridging an interface between a virtual network interface and a physical network interface. The message processing engine may have a raw packet analyzer that may determine if a packet is to be processed based on a policy, and then may decode the packet using a first set of protocols, perform a translation in the decoded state, then encode the packet using the same or a different set of protocols. The message processing engine may be used to perform translations to enable two otherwise incompatible devices to communicate as well as apply various protocols including security protocols to communications with another device similarly configured. In many embodiments, the raw packet analyzer may be a service with administrative privileges, but the decoder, encoder, and translator may be operated with user privileges.

Abstract: A communication device includes a control signal generating unit to generate a control signal for each of a plurality of second frames, and a mapping unit to map a payload signal of the plurality of second frames in a payload area of a first frame, and map at least some of the control signals generated by the control signal generating unit in a control signal area of the first frame.

Abstract: In one embodiment, protocol violations of a particular protocol are induced at one or more predetermined intervals within a particular stream of information encoded according to the particular protocol in order to produce a marked particular stream of information for use in subsequent identification of the marked particular stream of information. The marked stream is multiplexed or otherwise communicated to a second device. The second device detects, and typically corrects, the induced protocol violations. And based on which stream of information included the induced protocol violations and the multiplexing/distribution pattern of the other streams of information, the second device can identify which stream is which and process or forward accordingly.

Abstract: A method allowing a terminal with data to be transmitted in an uplink direction to transmit a radio resource allocation request message to a base station by effectively using radio resource(s) to its maximum level is disclosed. In particular, the method allows the terminal to select a radio resource allocation request message of a proper format according to a situation of radio resource(s) or the amount of data of each channel and transmit the same to the base station.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for determining a radio frame bearing a multimedia broadcast multicast service notification message, including: a sending end configuring a Multicast Control Channel (MCCH) Modification Period (MCCHMP), a period coefficient (PeriodCoeff) and a notification message offset (NotificationOffset), and when a system frame number (SFN) modulo a ratio of the MCCHMP to the PeriodCoeff is equal to the NotificationOffset, a radio frame corresponding to a value of said SFN is the radio frame of sending the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) notification message. The present invention obtains the radio frame of sending the MBMS notification message by less MCCH information, so that the receiving and analyzing processes of the terminal save power.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a receiving part receiving a packet from a communication line; an arithmetic processing part configured to stop an operation in an energy conservation mode, a filter part configured to allow a response required packet to pass through the filter part; a packet retaining part retaining the packet passing over the filter part; and a power source administrating part activating the arithmetic processing part by supplying electric power when the packet is received by the receiving part, wherein if the packet retaining part retains an incomplete packet at a time of activating the arithmetic processing part, the arithmetic processing part generates a packet information piece associating the incomplete packet and a corresponding complete packet as a list and stores the packet information piece to a list storing part.

Abstract: A multi-view video coding method includes the following steps: an un-coded group of pictures (GOP) is obtained from an un-coded multi-view video. Wherein, the un-coded GOP includes picture sets of several un-coded views. Several present coding views are selected from the un-coded views according to view levels of the un-coded views. Wherein, picture sets of the present coding views includes several present coding pictures. A target coding picture is selected from the present coding pictures according to view levels of and temporal levels of the present coding pictures. At least a coded reference picture, which is referenced by the target coding picture for prediction, is obtained. The target coding picture is coded according to the coded reference picture. In addition, a multi-view video decoding method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A signal transmission method and related mobile terminal and base station thereof. The method includes: the base station determines a special transmit time interval (TTI) in a downlink carrier (S301); the corresponding time length for which a first type mobile terminal has sent an uplink sounding reference signal to the base station is included in the special TTI; the first type mobile terminal is a mobile terminal which sends the uplink sounding reference signal to the base station in the special TTI; the base station sends a first control signal within a first time length in the special TTI (S302); the first control signal enables a second type mobile terminal to determine that the base station hasn't sent a downlink signal within the remainder time length in the special TTI; the second type mobile terminal is a mobile terminal which does not send the uplink sounding reference signal to the base station in the special TTI.

Abstract: A multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) system for multiplexing and demultiplexing information from a plurality of traffic channels is configured according to a Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) standard into a composite signal transferred to and from a telecommunciations interface. A PDH traffic interface receives PDH channel signals from a plurality of PDH channels and a bit-pipe interface receives bit-pipe traffic transported as a packet data stream. A composite signal generation module and interface then creates, outputs and receives a single composite serial data stream including, in a single composite format, information from the received PDH channel signals as well as the packet data stream. The rate of the bit-pipe traffic may be adaptively modulated as a function of the composite rate.

Abstract: HARQ feedback channel design for carrier aggregation (CA) is proposed in a multi-carrier LTE/LTE-A system. In one novel aspect, a predefined rule for HARQ feedback channel format switching is adopted by the system. Different HARQ formats are supported: single component carrier (non-CA) mode, carrier aggregation with small payload size (CA-S) mode, carrier aggregation with large payload size (CA-L) mode, and fallback mode. From the various CA and non-CA formats, the format to be used for uplink HARQ feedback channel is determined based on: UE capability for the maximum number of CCs supported; CC configuration information by RRC layer; and detection results of downlink schedulers. The CC configuration information may include the number of CCs that are configured and a specific HARQ format to be used. Because more reliable upper layer configuration is used to make the HARQ format-switching decision, the risk of UE and eNB mismatch is greatly reduced.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provides techniques for a handshaking protocol, and corresponding circuit elements, for an asynchronous network. The techniques utilize a clock-less delay insensitive data encoding scheme. The proposed network may operate correctly regardless of the delay in the interconnecting wires.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a plurality of signals at a plurality of ports, each of the signals having a protocol type; mapping each of the signals to one or more time slots of one of a plurality of Low Order Optical Transport Network (OTN) containers; mapping the Low Order OTN containers to a High Order OTN container; mapping the High Order OTN container to a High Order OTN envelope for communication over an OTN; and, in connection with the mapping of the High Order OTN container to the High Order OTN envelope, for each of the signals, inserting into the High Order OTN envelope information identifying the port that the signal was received at, the protocol type of the signal, the Low Order OTN container that the signal was mapped to, and one or more of the time slots that the signal was mapped to.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for improved error detection in data communication. A sending station encodes unencoded data to create an encoded message and passes the encoded data to transmission elements for transmission to a destination receiver. At the same time, error detection is performed using copies of the unencoded data and the encoded message. The encoded message is decoded using a decoding procedure identical to that to be used by the destination receiver. The copy of the unencoded data is compared to the decoded copy of the encoded message, and if the copy of the unencoded data does not match the decoded copy, the presence of an error is identified and error recovery procedures are performed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for improved program acquisition for use with MPEG-2 based systems. In an aspect, a method includes receiving a program association table (PAT) associated with an MPEG-2 transport stream, and identifying program map tables (PMTs) included in the PAT. The method also includes caching the PMTs, receiving a request to present a program, determining if a PMT associated with the program has been cached, and acquiring the selected program using information from the cached PMT. An apparatus includes means for receiving a PAT associated with an MPEG-2 transport stream and means for identifying PMTs included in the PAT. The apparatus also includes means for caching the PMTs, means for receiving a request to present a program, means for determining if a PMT associated with the program has been cached, and means for acquiring the selected program using information from the cached PMT.

Abstract: A method for updating system information in a broadband wireless communication system includes: receiving information by means of superframes including a primary superframe header (P-SFH) and a secondary superframe header (S-SFH), wherein the information including control information transmitted via an information element of the P-SFH (P-SFH IE) and system information transmitted via an information element of a subpacket (SP) of the S-SFH (S-SFH SP IE); decoding the P-SFH IE, wherein the P-SFH IE including a scheduling information bitmap indicating transmitted S-SFH SP IEs in the superframe, a change count (CC) of the S-SFH, and a SP change bitmap indicating changing status of the S-SFH SP IEs; comparing the received CC with a previously stored CC; checking the S-SFH SP change bitmap, when a difference exists between the received CC and the stored CC; and decoding and updating corresponding SP IE of the S-SFH based on the checking result.

Abstract: A system and method for wireless communication of uncompressed audiovisual data are disclosed. The system includes a first device and a second device wirelessly connectable to each other. The first device transmits a connection control information request from the first device to the second device, wherein the connection control information request includes a request for connection control information of the second device. The connection control information includes at least one of association information, wireless video area network (WVAN) information, device capability information, audio video (A/V) format capability information, bandwidth information, A/V stream start, stop or pause command information, and device control information. The request further includes connection control information of the first device. The second device is configured to transmit a connection control information response from the second device to the first device.

Abstract: A single wire signal regeneration transmitting apparatus receives a serial packet including a plurality of signal segments, and each of the signal segments includes a data field and a stuff time symbol. Each of the data fields, which is followed by each of the stuff time symbols, includes multiple logic 0/1 signal symbols, with accumulated numbers of the logic 0/1 signal symbols in each of the data fields being the same. The single wire signal regeneration transmitting apparatus is adapted to process the serial packet to sequentially output the signal segments, and after the single wire signal regeneration transmitting apparatus outputs the data field from a previously received signal segment, the single wire signal regeneration transmitting apparatus continues outputting the stuff time symbol until starting to process a next received signal segment received subsequent to a currently received signal segment in the received serial package.

Abstract: A communication gateway receives an Internet Protocol (IP) message sourced from a first IP address and directed to a second IP address. The gateway associates the first IP address with a code. The gateway processes the second IP address to identify a Radio Access Network (RAN) address. The gateway transfers the IP message directed to the RAN address and sourced from the second IP address. The IP message uses the code as the source port number. A base station receives the IP message, and in response to the RAN address, wirelessly transfers the IP message to a routing system. The routing system wirelessly receives the IP message and forwards the IP message based on the second IP address which is now in the source address field.

Abstract: Presently described is a system and method for switching multimedia data communications, including but not limited to Voice over IP (VoIP) telephony, cable TV, digital audio and video. The system utilizes a single, integrated device to provide all PacketCable-compliant functionality, including enhanced user privacy, compliance with CALEA, E911 and other mandated services not available in conventional distributed PacketCable systems. High speed and efficient, low cost operation are provided by means of an optimized data unit encapsulation scheme for internal switching and routing. A proprietary fiber optic backplane and removable optical connectors are used to enable lightspeed internal communications hot-swapping of components. Furthermore, the present system is extensible to all forms of digital data switching and is secure, resistant to Denial of Service attacks, and fault-resilient.

Abstract: A system improves bandwidth used by a data stream. The system receives data from the data stream and partitions the data into bursts. At least one of the bursts includes one or more idles. The system selectively removes the idles from the at least one burst and transmits the bursts, including the at least one burst.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sending messages from a first network device to a second network device is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises constructing a data packet, the data packet comprising a House Code field for identifying a house code relating to the first and second network devices, the house code for identifying an address common to the first network device and the second network device. The data packet further comprises a Long/Short field for indicating whether the data packet is a long data packet or a short data packet and a Command field comprising a command, the command for instructing the second network device to perform an action. The data packet further comprises a Data field comprising information for use by the second network device to execute the action associated with the command, and an Error Check field comprising error checking information. The data packet is then modulated and transmitting over one or more communication channels.

Abstract: A frame-merging method is adapted for a network that includes mesh and terminal units, in which any two units capable of communication form a communication pair, and one of the units operates as a key unit to transmit pending frames according to the frame-merging method. The frame-merging method includes: determining whether the key unit is a mesh or a terminal unit; for the communication pair recorded in each pending frame, selecting a suitable scheme from a plurality of frame-merging schemes, and extracting at least one of the pending frames from among the pending frames for use as part or all of a priority frame set; and comparing a total size of all frames included in the priority frame set with a suitable frame size, so as to determine whether the key unit is to send an aggregated frame. A frame-merging apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: There exists a need to reduce re-transmission delays in real time feeds (such as video) by sending the packet with sufficient repair/recovery information inside the packet container so the relaying stations and/or the receiving devices can fix errors in transmission by perusing the contents of the packet and the repair information, and modify the packet and then relay it. By providing the relaying station the ability to fix the error, retransmission of the packet is avoided along each relay station along the network path from source to destination and also by receiving devices that would otherwise request a re-transmission. This application teaches a method so real time streams (e.g. video) may be more efficiently transported over a CSMA based network.

Abstract: A technique for cell-identity detection is provided. In one method embodiment, at least one cell-identity in a cellular telecommunication network is determined. The method comprises the steps of receiving a synchronization signal, calculating first correlations and second correlations as well as determining the at least one cell-identity. The received synchronization signal includes a first partial signal and a second partial signal. The first correlations are calculated between the first partial signal and first reference signals, each of which indicates one or more first cell-identities. The second correlations are calculated between the second partial signal and second reference signals, each of which indicates one or more cell-identities out of the first cell-identities. The second reference signals are selected depending on the first correlations. The cell-identity is determined based on the second correlations. The complexity for cell-identity detection is reduced by the technique.

Abstract: A method for delineating a data stream transmitted by a communication system using a protocol stack includes: analyzing the redundancy of sequences, the content of which is set on one or more layers in a protocol stack to delineate packets, errored or not, in a continuous data stream; the method to this end including searching in the receiver for sequences corresponding to a known sequence SP present in the received stream, and doing so by detecting sequences similar to this known sequence, the non-similar sequences not being retained; the method further including, in the presence of similar sequences, storing their position to determine the start of the packets.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a terminal access method and a terminal, wherein the method comprises: calculating a length of an access message body of an access message (201); constructing an access time-slot according to a configured length of an access message prefix and the length of the access message body (202); transmitting the access message prefix to a base station when the access time-slot is aligned (203); and transmitting the access message body to the base station (204). The present invention shortens the access time of the terminal, improves the access rate of the terminal and the utilization ratio of the access channel, increases the access capability of the system, and reduces the collision probability of access messages.

Abstract: A method of assigning a resource to provide services to a thin client is disclosed. The thin client is discovered by receiving a response to a discovery request wherein the response is directed to a broker. The resource to allocate for the thin client is determined. The thin client to the resource is mapped. A connection to the thin client is requested to be established between the resource and the thin client.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a method of operating a wireless access system. The method includes exchanging wireless communications with a plurality of user devices, and transferring a first bit sequence over an overhead portion of a wireless link to the user devices to indicate pages pending on a paging channel of the wireless link. The method also includes monitoring a utilization level of the first bit sequence. If the utilization level of the first bit sequence exceeds a first utilization threshold, then the method includes increasing a number of bits in the first bit sequence to indicate the pages pending on the paging channel of the wireless link, and if the utilization level of the increased first bit sequence exceeds a second utilization threshold, then the method includes transferring the increased first bit sequence and a second bit sequence over the overhead portion of the wireless link to the user devices to indicate the pages pending on the paging channel of the wireless link.

Abstract: A video processing apparatus includes a conversion unit and a transmission unit, and an external device includes a reception unit and a restoration unit. The conversion unit converts one or a plurality of elementary streams complying with ISO/IEC 14496-1:1999 into one data stream. The data stream includes a plurality of multiplexed packets, each multiplexed packet including both a Synchronization Layer (SL) packet and an elementary stream identifier of the SL packet. The transmission unit transmits the data stream to the external device using an isochronous or bulk transfer. The reception unit receives, from the external device, the data stream that is transmitted using the isochronous or bulk transfer. The restoration unit restores the data stream to one or a plurality of elementary streams complying with ISO/IEC 14496-1:1999.

Abstract: A communication system for transmitting data, for example, within a System-in-Package. The system includes a first circuit configured for: a) dividing the data into a plurality of packets having a determined size; and b) creating for each of the packets a transmission segment including a segment header and the respective packet as payload. The system also includes a second circuit configured for: a) separating the transmission segments into a plurality of physical units, where the physical units have a determined size; and b) transmitting the physical units over a physical communication channel. In particular, the segment header includes at least one field that identifies the number of physical units that are to be transmitted.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for testing a network that converts datagrams into fragments. A traffic generator may generate a datagram containing plural instrumentation blocks and transmit the test traffic over the network. A traffic receiver may determine if a plurality of fragments received via the network constitutes a complete datagram based, at least in part, on data within respective instrumentation blocks extracted from each received fragment. The traffic receiver may report test statistics indicative of a number of complete datagrams received and a number of incomplete datagrams received.

Abstract: A digital television transmitting system includes a pre-processor, a packet generator, an RS encoder, and a trellis encoder. The pre-processor pre-processes enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for first forward error correction and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. The packet generator generates enhanced data packets including the pre-processed enhanced data and main data packets and multiplexes the enhanced and main data packets. Each enhanced data packet includes an adaptation field in which the pre-processed enhanced data are inserted. The RS encoder performs RS encoding on the multiplexed data packets for second forward error correction, and the trellis encoder performs trellis encoding on the RS-coded data packets.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for channel mapping in a UTRA TDD HSDPA wireless communication system by applying interleaving functions in first (530) and second (540) interleaving means to a bit sequence to produce symbols for mapping to physical channels, the first and second interleaving means being arranged to map symbols from respectively systematic and parity bits in a predetermined scheme, e.g., mapping symbols in a forward direction when a channel has an even index number, and in a reverse direction when a channel has an odd index number. The symbols may comprise bit-pairs, each of a systematic bit and parity bit. Systematic bits are preferably mapped to high reliability bit positions in TDD HSDPA, achieving a performance gain of between 0.2 dB and 0.5 dB. The forwards/reverse mapping allows a degree of interleaving that improves system performance in fading channels or channels disturbed by short time period noise or interference.

Abstract: According to a first aspect, the invention proposes a method for processing a transport stream (TS) received as an input transport stream in a processing device (SDR), the transport stream comprising a plurality of elementary streams (ES), each elementary stream (ES) being a set of transport stream packets having the same Packet IDentifier (PID), at least one of these elementary streams being time-sliced so as to be sent in bursts, timing information indicating within a burst the time to the beginning of the next burst, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: applying a filtering operation to the input transport stream so as to filter out from the input transport stream part or all of one or more time-sliced elementary streams; modifying the bursts scheduling of the input transport stream so as to generate a DVB-H compliant output transport stream from the filtered input transport stream.

Abstract: The present invention related to a method and an arrangement for selecting an enhanced transport format combination used for maximizing power utilization efficiency and power limitation avoidance in a communication network system comprising a communication network entity communicating with a plurality of user equipments on uplink and downlink channels over a radio interface. A power consumption for an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement transmission and a channel quality indicator transmission is determined on an uplink channel during an enhanced dedicated channel transmission. Thereby, a transport format combination is selected based on said determined power consumption.

Abstract: In an embodiment, the present invention includes a protocol stack having a transaction layer and a link layer. In addition a first physical (PHY) unit is coupled to the protocol stack to provide communication between a processor and a device coupled to the processor via a physical link, where the first PHY unit is of a low power communication protocol and includes a first physical unit circuit. In turn, a second PHY unit is coupled to the protocol stack to provide communication between the processor and the device via a sideband channel coupled between the multicore processor and the device separate from the physical link, where the second PHY unit includes a second physical unit circuit. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A system offering an Application Programming Interface for multi-stream multimedia applications running on at least two registered end peers participating in a mobile telecommunication session and/or middleware being connected to a mobile network. The system providing guaranteed end-to-end quality and resource capabilities using the concept of concatenated E2ENP phases and providing a pre-negotiation of a multiplicity of alternative capabilities and QoS Contracts, management of leased pre-negotiated information, session establishment between said end peers with negotiation of a multiplicity of alternative capabilities and/or QoS Contracts, and a dynamic re-negotiation of the end-to-end quality and capabilities.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transceiving signals using a predetermined frame structure in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a Radio Frequency (RF) unit for transceiving a signal through a frame according to the predetermined frame structure. The frame includes 5 subframes, the 5 subframe comprise type-1 subframes including 6 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Access (OFDMA) symbols and type-2 subframes including 7 OFDMA symbols, and a Cyclic Prefix (CP) length of the frame corresponds to ? of an effective symbol length.

Abstract: This is a method for transmitting packets. The transmission method includes measuring a time taken for feedback indicating that a packet including context information has been lost; and switching between a first mode and a second mode based on the measured time taken for the feedback, the first mode being a mode for periodically transmitting a packet including the context information and the second mode being a mode for transmitting a packet including the context information in response to the feedback indicating that a packet including the context information has been lost.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a multimedia messaging service (MMS) decoding method, an MMS decoder and a mobile terminal. The method comprises the steps of: parsing an original MMS data packet, acquiring all the non-SMIL (synchronized multimedia integration language) files in it, and counting the number of all the non-SMIL files as the first non-SMIL file number; determining whether an SMIL file exists in the parsing result, if yes, pre-parsing the SMIL file, obtaining the number of the non-SMIL files described by the SMIL file, and counting the number as the second non-SMIL file number, comparing the first non-SMIL file number with the second non-SMIL file number to obtain the formal SMIL file to be parsed; integrally parsing the formal SMIL file to be parsed, obtaining the data structure describing the playing layout of MMS, and taking the data structure and all the non-SMIL files obtained in step A as the MMS decoding result.

Abstract: A method of operating a wireless communications system comprising at least a base station, a first relay station, a second relay station and one or more subscriber stations; using at least a first wireless protocol with the first relay station, and using at least a second wireless protocol with the second relay station. Operation of the method comprises using a subframe which comprises: a first-protocol access period; a firstprotocol relay period; a second-protocol access period; and a second-protocol relay period. The subframe further comprises an idle period to avoid communications using the first wireless protocol interfering with communications using the second wireless protocol and the overall frame structure is arranged to position the idle period for the first relay station between the first-protocol access period and the first-protocol relay period, to accommodate switching of the first relay station between transmit and receive modes.

Abstract: A method for sending signals from an active computer in a high-voltage power transmission system including active protection computers and active and standby control computers in a hierarchical structure having at least two hierarchical levels. A high-voltage power transmission system and a control station for at least a part of such a transmission system. In the system all computers on the various hierarchical levels are connected to at least two separate computer communication networks. An active computer sends signals that are to be received by at least one other computer at the same or another hierarchical level simultaneously on the two separate computer communication networks to which it is connected.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for bit remapping at a relay node in a communication system. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a processor configured to remap an order of bits of a received signal from a source node to a different order of bits for a transmitted signal to a destination node when the transmitted signal is constructed with a modulation scheme different from the received signal.

Abstract: In the methods and devices of the present disclosure, a dummy compensation word is added to the data packet such that the UDP checksum value need not be modified from any previous value, regardless of changes to the UDP payload. Because the UDP checksum value is not modified in embodiments of the present disclosure, there is no delay waiting for a UDP checksum value to be calculated and no need for additional buffers to store the data packet contents because of UDP checksum calculations. The dummy compensation word is calculated so that the unmodified value maintained in the checksum is the checksum for the data packet including the dummy compensation word. By placing the compensation word in the data packet after the last word in the UDP payload, there is no, or very minimal, processing delay and data packet buffering hardware is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A digital transmission system includes at least a client device and a transmission device, and rate-adjusts the client signal transmitted from the client device to the transmission device before accommodating/multiplexing the signal in a frame. The transmission device includes a rate adjusting unit and a frame processing unit. The rate adjusting unit encapsulates the client signal by using a predetermined frame structure, inserts an idle pattern if necessary, and performs rate adjustment into the bit rate which can be contained in the frame. The frame processing unit accommodates/multiplexes the signal after the rate adjustment. The digital transmission system inserts a bit string of the client signal directly in a payload area of the digital frame, or accommodates and multiplexes it. Alternatively, a specific pattern is accommodated in the payload area, or accommodated and multiplexed after performing a reversible digital signal processing.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for transmitting data based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The method includes: forming a plurality of packets suitable for a selected transmission mode from data input to a transmitter; determining a transfer rate of the data; when the data transfer rate is determined to be low and synchronous connection oriented link should be maintained, dividing each of the plurality of packets into a plurality of sub-packets; and transmitting the divided sub-packets, wherein when the divided sub-packets are transmitted, a power supply duration of the transmitter is reduced by using a DPM (dynamic power management) or fine state control unit.