Abstract: A method that sends ATM source identification and an ATM-TDM correlation tag from an ATM source gateway to a telephony signaling control network; and then receives at an ATM destination gateway the ATM source identification and the ATM-TDM correlation tag as sent from the telephony signaling control network; and then sends the ATM-TDM correlation tag from the ATM destination gateway to the ATM source gateway to establish a connection between the ATM destination gateway and the ATM source gateway.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for converting point codes in a signal transfer point, STP, in a telecommunications signaling system. The STP includes a point code conversion function (500) which converts point codes designating the origination and destination signaling points for a signaling message. The conversion function can be incorporated between the signaling link layer (200) and the network layer (300) of the message transfer part, MTP, functionality of the STP.

Abstract: An information handling system comprises a TCP/IP network connecting a hub to a multimedia server and the hub to a data server, and the hub to an IP telephony device that is then coupled to a network device. Data sent from the network device is addressed for transmission to the data server and is transmitted through the IP telephony device to the TCP/IP network. The IP telephony device monitors when an amount of data being received over the network falls below a predetermined threshold. If this occurs, the IP telephony device will send a signal to the multimedia server, which will then generate a congestion signal to send to all or selected IP telephony devices in the network to throttle data being received by the IP telephony devices from their respective connected network devices.

Abstract: Signalling messages conforming to different signalling protocols in a distributed switch telecommunications network are correlated by associating specific pairs of messages according to parameters they have in common. Inter-MGC IAMs and SS7 IAMs are correlated by the combination of Calling & Called address parameters; the connection descriptor parameter included in inter-MGC IAMs and MGCP OK messages can be used to correlate these messages; and the MGCP OK message can be correlated with the MGCP CRCX message using the transaction ID. Hence a correspondence can be deduced between an MGCP endpointname (in the CRCX message) and an ISUP OPC-DPC-CIC identification (in the SS7 IAM).

Abstract: Signalling information is conveyed from a transmitting device (101) to a receiving device (102) in a cellular radio network where user data transmission takes place on a traffic channel in discrete transmission bursts (111–120; 211–220; 310–313) consisting of consecutive symbols. A piece of signalling information is formatted into symbols which are transmitted as a block of consecutive symbols (FACCH) in a certain transmission burst of a traffic channel. It is also indicated within said certain transmission burst that it contains symbols carrying signalling information.

Abstract: A network system is provided for enabling priority-based number switching from a lower priority access number to a higher priority access number during an active data session is provided. The system comprises, a CTI-switch for establishing call connections and performing call switching according to instruction, a network-hosted part of a software application for monitoring the current user-node connection states and the current states of the alternate access numbers, at least two network-access nodes connected to the network, the access nodes each accessible through dialing a network-access number from the user node and, a client-hosted part of the software application for listing access numbers, configuring priority states to the access numbers and for communicating the pertinent data to the network-hosted part of the software application. The system affects call transfer based on priority state.

Abstract: A telecommunications network includes a switch configured for handling a VOIP call and a monitoring system, coupled to the switch, for identifying service deficiencies for a customer originating the VOIP call. In connection with the VOIP call, the switch handles a series of signaling messages. By sequentially examining the signaling messages handled by the switch after the messages are merged into a single, chronologically ordered file, the monitoring system identifies service deficiencies for the customer, thereby enabling initiation of proactive remedial action to address the identified service deficiencies. Service deficiencies are identified based upon an examination of one or more signaling messages. Warning messages generated to identify the service deficiencies may have customer information appended thereto, thereby enhancing the ability of the service provider to proactively initiate remedial action prior to receipt of a complaint from the affected customer.

Abstract: A routing node for receiving, processing, and subsequently transmitting Signaling System 7 (SS7) signaling messages destined for a Media Gateway Controller (MGC) type network element is disclosed. A Circuit Identification Code (CIC) routing node is adapted to receive an ISUP message from an associated SS7 network and determine the routing destination of the message based, at least in part, on a CIC parameter value contained within the message. The ISUP message is subsequently encapsulated in an Internet Protocol (IP) envelope and transmitted to a destination node via an IP communication link. Such a CIC routing node also provides network service providers with a method of generally eliminating the need for the assignment of unique SS7 network point codes to each MGC node in a network. That is, a CIC routing node allows multiple MGC nodes to effectively correspond to a single SS7 network point code.

Abstract: The advantage of flexible multi-axis robot systems and robot cell-unit systems being further extended by providing electric and electronic E-POOL networks, consisting of multiblock individual computer units, central computers, board computers, satellite units, antenna units, open and contact protected under floor and upper floor current and communication supply lines.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for data transmission and voice signal transmission on a subscriber line, in terminal devices located at least on a network side of the subscriber line, only those parts which evaluate a criterion indicating the beginning of the data transmission are switched into active mode outside the context of data transmission.

Abstract: A method for controlling connections in a communication network including setting up a signaling connection between a subscriber of the communication network and a service access system based on a service connection request by the subscriber; and setting up a payload connection associated with the signaling connection only between the service access system and the subscriber given data traffic for the service and clearing down the payload connection after the data transmission.

Abstract: A transmitter is capable of transmitting layer 2 protocol data units (PDUs). Each PDU has an n-bit sequence number. A base sequence number VT(A) is obtained that marks a beginning sequence number of a transmitting window of the transmitter. A current sequence number VT(S) is obtained that marks a sequence number of a PDU that is next to be transmitted by the transmitter. 2n is added to a difference of the current sequence number VT(S) and the base sequence number VT(A) to yield a first value. A second value is obtained that is a modulus of the first value with 2n. A test value is then obtained that is the second value divided by a size of the transmitting window. Polling is triggered when the test value is greater than or equal to a polling value. The polling value represents a percentage of the transmitting window that has been transmitted.

Abstract: A method and system for communicating information includes evaluation regarding routing of calls performed at a call control point in an ITSP and/or wireless network. A PIC identity associated with another party's preferences is acquired and sent to the call control point. The PIC identity identifies the type of the carrier network (e.g., circuit switched or VoIP) and is used to make further routing decisions. If a circuit-switched carrier is identified, the IP homing leg is terminated at the voice gateway in the recipient's HPLMN and information is sent over to the GMSC where normal, circuit-switched routing procedures. If a VoIP carrier is identified then the called user's roaming number is retrieved from the HLR, and the call is further routed directly over the IP domain towards a voice gateway at the visited network minimizing the number of transcodings. Additional transcoding steps can be avoided if a single encoding is agreed upon according to “tandem free operation” (TFO).

Abstract: A digital cellular handset capable of supporting voice communications over the Internet, in addition to the digital cellular handset's usual mode of voice communications over the digital cellular network/public telephony network is disclosed. Internet protocol software such as H.323, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), and Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) is stored within the digital cellular handset device run on an H.323 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and H.323 microcontroller to packetize and unpacketize the digital data streams received by or transmitted from the handset. There is also disclosed the use of the Short Message Service (SMS) with PCS digital cellular communication systems to allow call alerting for digital cellular call set-up, initiation and establishment.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to a signaling packet that includes an indication that the packet is not part of a data transmission. The signaling packet may also include a specific value that is adapted to signal a condition. The indication may be purposely set to indicate that the signaling packet is not part of the data transmission to facilitate examination of the specific value by a receiver of the signaling packet.

Abstract: A method and system for generating and providing existing and new message accounting records in a standard format using call data obtained from switching and/or signaling networks is disclosed. A system for providing augmented billing messages includes a message accounting record creation apparatus being in communication with a signaling network and a switching network. The message accounting record creation apparatus receives call records from the signaling network and message accounting records from the switching network and outputs augmented message accounting records. Each of the augmented message accounting records is generated using one of the signaling network call records and one of the switching network message accounting records.

Abstract: Each of ISDN extension terminals which are connected in a point-multipoint connection mode transmits call initiation information while identification information thereof is contained in the call initiation information when a call is initiated: a private branch exchange includes a main memory for storing a table representing the corresponding relationship between the extension number and service class information, and a central processing equipment for searching the service class information corresponding to the extension number contained in call initiation information from the table when the call initiation information is received from an extension, and performing call processing in accordance with the service class information thus searched, whereby even when a plurality of extension terminals are connected to an exchange in the point-multipoint connection mode, the service class management can be performed for every extension terminal.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for enabling multi-frequency communication over a telephone network having a billing/tax tone are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a connection port operable to couple to a telephone network. An output port is coupled to the input port, and is operable to couple to a high frequency device. A trap is coupled between the connection port and the output port. The trap is tuned to isolate the high frequency device from the telephone network at a specified frequency range.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for providing continuous voice and call communications between a data network and a telephony network. In one configuration, a first gateway controller that receives the communications from the data network is coupled multiple sessions to a gateway that couples the communications to the telephony network. When the in-use session fails, the communications are automatically switched over from this session to the another session, while maintaining the voice and call communications without interruption, and while ensuring that all messages generated by the gateway are sent to the gateway controller. In another configuration, first and second gateway controllers are designated as Active and Standby. Each of the gateway controllers maintains one or more sessions in communication with the gateway.

Abstract: To reduce the distortion of digital data due to on/off switching of the ringing of a Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) signal (RINGING1, RINGING2) transmitted simultaneously with the digital data over a single line (LINE), the telephone ringing signal generator (POTS-RING GENERATOR 1, POTS RING GENERATOR 2) produces a digital data friendly ringing signal (RINGING1, RINGING2). The telephone ringing signal generator (POTS-RING GENERATOR 1, POTS RING GENERATOR 2) thereto applies a transient smoothening window (WINDOW1, WINDOW2) to a sine or cosine shaped signal (SINE1, SINE2).

Abstract: A method and associated equipment for use by a first entity (17) of a radio access network (101), such as a node B. in communicating with a UE (18) so as to control an uplink rate used by the UE (18) in communicating with the first entity (17), the method characterized by: a step in which the first entity (17) transmits to the UE (18) a rate control signal (RA) conveying information regarding the uplink rate. The rate control signal may be used to command the UE (18) to adjust the maximum uplink rate in a range or set of uplink rates; alternatively, it may be used to command the UE (18) to adjust the uplink rate. The rate control signal (RA) may be sent as a response to a rate change request signal (RR) received from the UE (18) by the first entity (17).

Abstract: 18A method and system for controlling the switching and control operation of at least one of an Softswitch system, an Signal Transfer Points (STP) and a gateway (GW) (e.g., in a SS7 signaling environment). By providing support for redundancy, a second switch system can take over the routing and control operations of a first switch system when the first switch system experiences difficulty. Difficulty may be any one of several forms (e.g., switch crash, congestion, hardware failure).

Abstract: The system and method of the present invention completes at least two calls originating from terminal equipment located at a premises and connected by a point-of-attachment having a single phone number to a public switched telephone network where a dial tone is provided to the premises. Multiple calls are now allowed with an analog interface to the public switched telephone network. At least two calls and control channel are combined into a modulated analog signal having a separate channel for each call and transmitted through a modulation/demodulation device as a modulated analog signal to the public switched telephone network. The modulated analog signal is split into respective calls and control channel. Each call is forwarded to a respective remote device based on the identity information and auxiliary information received through the control channel.

Abstract: A terminal in a wireless telephone system can efficiently search for available base stations. Communication of user information between a base station and a terminal is intermittently performed in a predetermined time slot period. The transmission and reception of user information at the terminal are stopped at once in a plurality of predetermined time slot periods in such intermittent communication. The cell search for receiving a frequency channel in which control information is transmitted from the base station is performed, so that available base stations are searched. The number of cell search periods can be increased or decreased from time to time.

Abstract: A signaling method between a MAC (Medium Access Control) layer entity of a transmission apparatus and a MAC layer entity of a reception apparatus in a packet communication system including the transmission apparatus and the reception apparatus wherein upon receiving a signaling request, the MAC layer entity of the transmission apparatus transmits a MAC signaling message including control information and a signaling indication indicating transmission of the control information and the MAC layer entity of the reception apparatus determines whether the MAC signaling message includes the signaling indication, and receives the control information included in the MAC signaling message, if the MAC signaling message includes the signaling indication.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for special signaling with customer premises equipment. The system includes loop termination equipment coupled to a local loop and comprising a signal generator. The system also includes customer premises equipment coupled to the local loop. The customer premises equipment and loop termination equipment are operable to communicate across a communication link established on the local loop. The loop termination equipment is further operable to control characteristics of a signal generated by the signal generator and to provide the signal to the customer premises equipment as special signaling where the signal has a frequency that does not substantially interfere with voice traffic on the local loop. The special signaling can be used to implement enhanced service to the customer premises including busy signal, queued data request processing, push data and telephony services.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for operating a cellular communications system of a type that comprises a Base Station/Mobile Switching Center/Internetworking function (BMI) and a plurality of mobile stations. The method includes the steps of transmitting a point-to-multipoint message (e.g., a Broadcast SMS message) from the BMI to the plurality of mobile stations; and, in at least some of the plurality of mobile stations, receiving the point-to-multipoint message and transmitting an acknowledgement to the BMI using a point-to-point message. The point-to-multipoint message includes an information element having a value for specifying one of (a) that a mobile station receiving the message is prohibited from responding to the message, (b) that a mobile station receiving the message must respond to the message, and (c) that a mobile station receiving the message may optionally respond to the message.

Abstract: A gateway between a first data network and a second data network enables translation of messages in accordance with a first protocol specific to the first data network into messages conforming to a second protocol specific to the second data network. The second data network includes software applications and the gateway includes a registration software entity. Messages coming from or going to a particular one of the software applications are processed by a representative software entity contained in the gateway and each new software application made available on the second data network causes the determination of the representative software entity at the registration software entity.

Abstract: A distributed system with a time synchronization bridge for maintaining a relatively accurate common sense of time across sub-nets despite the use of a communication device such as a router which causes jitter in packet transfers across sub-nets. A distributed system according to the present teachings includes a set of nodes that communicate via a set of sub-nets. The nodes each have a local clock and mechanisms for maintaining time synchronization among the local clocks by transferring timing data packets via the sub-nets. The timing data packets do not pass through a router. Instead, a time synchronization bridge obtains the timing data packets and in response coordinates time synchronization across the sub-nets.

Abstract: The system and method of the present invention attempts completion of one call, while at least one call is in progress, between terminal equipment and a telecommunications network where the terminal equipment is connected by a point-of-attachment having a single phone number to a public switched telephone network where a dial tone is provided to the premises. Multiple calls are now allowed with an analog interface to the public switched telephone network. At least one call and control channel are combined into a modulated analog signal having a separate channel for each call and transmitted through a modulation/demodulation device as a modulated analog signal to the public switched telephone network. The modulated analog signal is split into respective calls and control channel. Each call is forwarded to a respective remote device based on the identity information and auxiliary information received through the control channel.

Abstract: A cellular telephone communication protocol enables a communication link primarily for the transmission of voice and data. At predetermined intervals or on-demand data regarding location, an event, or a condition is sent by muting the voice audio and sending a data frame having a pre-determined sequence. Following the transmission of the location, event, or condition data transmission of voice is resumed. The communication link of the preferred embodiment uses a half duplex, frequency shift, keying modulation technique. However, other modulation techniques may be used.

Abstract: The system and method of the present invention completes at least two calls originating from terminal equipment located at a premises and connected by a point-of-attachment having a single phone number to a public switched telephone network where a dial tone is provided to the premises. Multiple calls are now allowed with an analog interface to the public switched telephone network. At least two calls and control channel are combined into a modulated analog signal having a separate channel for each call and transmitted through a modulation/demodulation device as a modulated analog signal to the public switched telephone network. The modulated analog signal is split into respective calls and control channel. Each call is forwarded to a respective remote device based on the identity information and auxiliary information received through the control channel.

Abstract: A telecommunications system having a packet-switching communications network, and to a method for operating such a telecommunications system, wherein at least a first subscriber is connected to a packet-switching communications network, a network element of a circuit-switching communications network is connected to the packet-switching communications network using an interface unit, and a first signaling information is transmitted between the network element and the subscriber, the first signaling information corresponding to a signaling standard of a circuit-switching communications network.

Abstract: Two related voiceband compression techniques are employed in order to enable an RF telecommunications system to accommodate data signals of high speed voiceband modems and FAX machines. A High Speed Codec enables the telecommunications system to pass voiceband modem and FAX transmissions at up to 9.6 kb/s. An Ultra-High Speed Codec supports voiceband modem and FAX transmissions up to 14.4 kb/s. The High Speed Codec operates using three 16-phase RF slots or four 8-phase RF slots, and the Ultra-High Speed Codec operates using four 16-phase RF slots. Because these codecs transmit information over several RF slots which can be contiguous, the slots within RF communication channels are dynamically allocated. The Dynamic Timeslot/Bandwidth Allocation feature detects and monitors the data transmission and forms a data channel from the necessary number of slots.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for enabling point-to-point and multicast communication in a multiple access network using three types of communication channels, namely, one or more upstream payload channels, one or more upstream control channels and one or more downstream channels. Each channel illustratively is divided into slots or mini-slots. Each upstream payload channel is assigned for carrying upstream directed payload bitstreams from stations to a central controller. The central controller has an independent receiver for each upstream channel for simultaneous reception of control and payload bitstreams. Each station has at least one frequency agile programmable transmitter for sequential transmission of control and payload bitstreams or separate upstream control and payload channel transmitters, respectively, for simultaneous transmission of control and payload bitstreams.

Abstract: The method includes the steps of: responsive to satisfaction of a prescribed condition including updating of a program at a download site, requesting transmission of server and the client programs to a program distribution site specified by management information, from a gateway; receiving the server and the client programs from the program distribution site to the gateway; transmitting the received server program from the gateway to a server node; and transmitting the received client program from the gateway to the client nodes.

Abstract: AAL2 mini packets are integrated directly onto the physical layer to provide serial data transmission using statistical multiplexing. This can be achieved by generating a plurality of frames of a predetermined size. A plurality of AAL2 variable length mini packets are then statistically multiplexed onto the plurality of frames. A pointer field is then inserted into each of the frames. The pointer field includes a pointer that delineates the starting place of the next full packet in the frame that includes the pointer field, a framing bit that forms a pattern with other framing bits, and a parity bit. The frames are then transmitted over a serial transmission line.

Abstract: In a digital cable television system or a Hybrid-Fiber-Cable (HFC) system at least two control channels (104) of the out-of-band type are arranged to control the same upstream data transmission channel (107), whereby their capacity can be combined in order realize downstream data transmission in parallel with downstream high capacity data transmission. Applied in the DAVIC system the overhead bits (110a, 110b) of the SL-ESF frames (108a, 108b) of the co-ordinated control channels, and the R-bytes (R1a to R8c) of the SL-ESF payload indicating to which channel the control is directed, are made identical.

Abstract: A communications system including multiple telecommunications networks having common channel signaling hardware is controlled by a hybrid or combination of common channel interoffice signaling (CCIS) system with a data internetwork to link the signaling points in the telecommunications network via the new hybrid common channel interoffice switching system. Preferably the internetwork comprises the Internet. The internet is used to link signal switching points, signal transfer points, and a signal control point. The signal control point is preferably hierarchical and distributed so as to provide ample power and capacity to supply signal control for multiple telecommunications networks of related or unrelated operating companies.

Abstract: Whenever a subscriber associated with a plurality of subscriber features receives or originates a call, an application module associated with the serving local exchange links into the established call. The application module thereinafter intercepts all incoming calls towards that subscriber and transmits control data over the existing call connection to the subscriber terminal informing it of the new incoming call. The control data are transmitted over the existing call connection using out-of-band voice frequencies or during silent portions of the speech connection. Over the same existing call connection, the application module receives an instruction from the subscriber terminal for providing a particular terminating call treatment for this incoming call. The application module then provides the instructed terminating call treatment as instructed by the subscriber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for conveying information over a communication network such as a Digital Loop Carrier network free of in-band signaling information for at least a portion of an established communication between at least two users so as to reduce the information error rate associated with the established communication.

Abstract: A home area network system and method uses existing plain old telephone system (POTS) wiring to network computers in a home without disrupting conventional telephone services. The home area network assigns a network address to each computer coupled to the network and communicates using a broadband communication method occupying the portion of the spectrum above the baseband portion used by ordinary telephone service. The home area network employs quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation on unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring arranged in an arbitrary topology. The home area network additionally employs adaptive equalization for each computer pair coupling as well as adaptive error correction.

Abstract: A method of an automatic adjustment of a carrier level is used for a system having a center device, a communication line extending from the center device, and at least one communication-terminal device connected to the communication line. The system conducts two-way communication of data signals on the communication line based on a predetermined multiplexing scheme.

Abstract: A transport layer protocol for a compressed voice, facsimile and modem data includes a voice packetization sublayer; a voice transport sublayer; and a voice payload segmentation and reassembly sublayer. The voice payload segmentation and reassembly sublayer breaks up user data packets into segments. Each segment includes a header and a payload data unit. Voice data segments have payloads made up of voice data. Signaling payloads are made up of op codes, which define the type of signaling message, and related operands.

Abstract: A broad band broadcasting transmission system for sending broad band downstream data and telephone signals from a central office to a number subscriber set top terminal. Each frame of data is marked to indicate the set top terminals it is to be received by. A downstream light fiber is located between the head office and a curbside box. A transmitter transmits the frames along a light fiber to a SAC box. A converter converts the light signals from the light fiber to electrical signals. A distribution line coupled to the curbside box carries the electrical signals to a plurality of drop line twisted pair conductors connected to the distribution line. The drop lines are coupled via a residential units to the set top terminals.

Abstract: A multichannel communication system has a transmitter for frequency-division-multiplexing and transmitting signals in a plurality of channels, and a receiver for selectively receiving the signal in one of the channels. The multichannel communication system prevents additional information from being interrupted in reception due to a channel change, for thereby reliably transmitting such additional information. The transmitter has a control information multiplexing unit for time-division-multiplexing main information in each of the channels with control information common to the channels at the same timing, and a transmitting unit for frequency-division-multiplexing and transmitting the main information in each of the channels which has been time-division-multiplexed with the control information by the control information multiplexing unit.

Abstract: A CPU enables an FM tuner, a tuning controller and an FM multiplex decoder, after which the CPU is disabled. The FM tuner, tuning controller and FM multiplex decoder receives frame data including emergency information transmitted from a broadcasting station. When a packet coincidence circuit determines that the received block is a specific block which may include emergency information, the FM multiplex decoder causes an emergency information determining circuit to determine if the associated packet contains emergency information. If this packet contains emergency information, the emergency information determining circuit sends an interrupt signal to the CPU to enable the CPU. The CPU then reproduces the emergency information in the received data and displays it on a display section.

Abstract: The present invention telecommunications system provides validation of authorization codes input by a user for placing a call from a service area of a first telecommunications service provider with a calling card issued by another telecommunications service provider. The present invention allows the subscriber to place a special service call irrespective of whether the signaling protocol of the first service provider is different from the service provider to which the subscriber is a customer of. If the protocol of one telecommunications service provider is indeed different from the other service provider, a gateway residing in an intelligent service network node would convert the signaling protocol of the first service provider into a signaling protocol that is compatible with the other service provider.

Abstract: A system (10) and method for simultaneously enabling a voice and a data session has a voice data modem (200) coupleable to a data port (255), a voice jack (240), and a telco jack (280). The data port (255) is connected to data terminal equipment (100), the voice jack (240) is connected to a telephone, and the telco jack (280) is connected to a telephone network (120). The data ports for each of a plurality of voice data modems are connected to other data terminal equipment (180, 181, 182), the voice jacks are connected to first extensions of a net telco jacks are connected to different, second extensions of the network. The voice data modem (200) may receive multiplexed voice and data over a single, first extension of the network through the telco jack, (280), dumultiplex and decompress the voice and data, transmit or retransmit the voice separately from the data over a second network extension via the voice jack (240), and transmit the data to data terminal equipment through a data port or interface (255).

Abstract: An available frequency range previously assigned to the communication system is divided into a plurality of subranges each including a plurality of frequency channels to which channel identifiers are assigned, respectively. The channel identifiers are repeatedly assigned to all the frequency channels in the subranges. In such a channel assignment, a transmitting side transmits a signal including a desired channel identifier corresponding to a desired frequency channel. At a receiving side, after detecting a frequency acquisition of the demodulator, the desired channel identifier is detected based on the received signal when the frequency acquisition of the demodulator is detected. When the frequency acquisition of the demodulator is detected and the desired channel identifier is detected, a local oscillation frequency sweeping for demodulator is locked to receive the signal from the transmitting side.