Abstract: Embodiments of a multi-radio wireless communication device having a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) radio module and a Bluetooth (BT) radio module and methods for communicating are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. In some embodiments, a WiMax active signal is asserted by a coexist controller of the WiMax radio module during receipt of a downlink subframe, and the BT radio module aligns a BT slot boundary of either master-to-slave or slave-to-master slot based on timing information conveyed by the WiMax active signal. The WiMax active signal may be de-asserted by the coexist controller during transmission of an uplink subframe by the WiMax radio module.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of estimating a one-way delay time between two hosts and an apparatus and method of clock synchronization using the same. The two hosts are connected to a network and communicate a predetermined packet; k-th, (k+1)-th, and (k+2)-th transmission times are measured at the first host, and k-th, and (k+1)-th transmission times are measured at the second host; a time difference of the m-th transmission time is measured at the first and second host, where m is k or k+1, and by using the measured transmission times, an m-th one-way delay time is calculated. If the time difference is identical to the calculated one-way delay time, a value equal to or less than the calculated one-way delay time is determined as the estimated one-way delay time. Accordingly, the estimation error of a one-way delay time is reduced for both symmetrically and asymmetrically connected hosts.

Abstract: Multipath components of signals transmitted through time-varying digital radio channels are received with individual delays, and signals through a given channel comprise a code identifying that channel. A delay profile indicating a magnitude (Y) for delay values in a search window is calculated repetitively for known channels; the delays of multipath components for known channels estimated; a signal strength indicator calculated; and a search for new multipath components not already estimated performed at regular time intervals. When a new multipath component is found, its identification code is compared to the codes of the known channels. If the code of the new component is identical to the code of a known channel, a delay profile and a signal strength indicator is calculated for a window transposed to include the new multipath component. In this way as many multipath components as possible are included in the search window for a new cell.

Abstract: A central entity and/or a remote device in a communication system are designed to address the problem of maintaining upstream synchronization in the remote device after loss of the downstream signal. The system maintains upstream transmissions from the remote device in a Synchronous-Code Division Multiple Access (S-CDMA) or perhaps Synchronous-Time Division Multiple Access (S-TDMA) mode that does not degrade performance caused by via poor upstream timing or a need for re-ranging. By providing novel functionality at the central entity for synchronizing first and second downstream signals and/or by providing novel functionality at the remote device for determining a symbol clock offset between a first terminated downstream signal and a second re-acquired downstream signal, embodiments of the present invention maintain synchronization through the loss of the downstream signal, thereby minimizing the need for re-ranging and avoiding poorly timed upstream bursts.

Abstract: A multiphase encoded protocol has sufficient density of commands to allow a rich language to be realized on a bus. When ten field bits are dedicated to commands, it is possible to have more than six million words to choose from per clock. Architecture to implement the multiphase encoded protocol and synchronize the bus includes an extracted clock, a command element, and a data element. One-bit multipliers are used as correlation elements to provide feedback into slaved delay-locked loop (DLL) devices, which provides precise phase alignment for successful data extraction of several channels.

Abstract: A method of providing information regarding the location of a mobile user equipment (1) in a system wherein the location is determined based on information signalled from entities (10) of a positioning system and assistance data signalled from a station (5) of a communication system. In the method the likely location of the mobile user equipment relative to the station is first determined. Based on the determined likely location, an estimate of the delay in transmitting a signal from the station to the mobile user equipment is estimated. Assistance data is then signalled from the station to the mobile user equipment, said assistance data comprising information about the timing of the positioning system. A more accurate location determination is accomplished at the user equipment based on signals from the entities of the positioning system, the assistance data and said estimated delay.

Abstract: A remote station for wireless communication is disclosed. The remote station includes a transmitter configured to transmit packet data on an uplink channel and a receiver. The receiver is configured to receive a first frame having a downlink dedicated physical channel, the first frame being defined by a first propagation delay and a first time offset relative to a reference timing based on a common control physical channel and receive a second frame having a downlink dedicated control channel responsive to the packet data received by a base station, a beginning of the second frame being defined by a second propagation delay and a second time offset from the reference timing, the second time offset being a function of the first time offset.

Abstract: The variable latency associated with standard network forwarding devices is eliminated by forwarding timing packets through a network forwarding device with a constant delay. The network forwarding device of the invention time stamps timing packets that are received by the input ports with a predefined future time, and then outputs the timing packets from the output ports at the predefined time so that the transmission delay through the network forwarding device is the same from any port to any other port.

Abstract: A method of processing data comprises the receiving a frame of data having a predetermined number of time slots (502,504,506). Each time slot comprises a respective plurality of data symbols (520). The method further comprises a primary (508), a secondary (510) and a tertiary (512) synchronization code in each said predetermined number of time slots.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, method and article for high definition audio modems are described. The apparatus may include a communications path comprising a communications bus and buffers, a codec to couple to the communications bus, and a processor to couple to the communications bus. The processor may be arranged to execute instructions for a software modem to determine a round trip delay value for a communications path, and adjust the round trip delay value by varying input to one of the buffers. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A system and method provides accurate time generation in a computing device that includes a computing device clock and a microprocessor. The method includes determining a total system latency based on a delay incurred between issuance of a first command by the microprocessor and receipt of a first time-data signal by the microprocessor. The first time-data signal is representative of a master clock output of a master clock device at a first time. The method also includes deriving an accurate time from a second time-data signal. The second time-data signal is representative of the master clock output at a second time known by the microprocessor. The method further includes adjusting the accurate time based on a percentage of the total system latency to form a latency adjusted time, and applying the latency adjusted time to the computing device clock to synchronize the computing device clock to the master clock output.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus receives data sequences, each of which includes plural data blocks, from plural transmission lines, respectively. The apparatus includes plural elastic buffers and a deskew circuit. The corresponding data sequence is written into each elastic buffer. A predetermined number of consecutive timing control symbols are inserted into the data sequences as markers for data blocks to be read from the data sequences at the same cycle. The elastic buffers adjust numbers of the timing control symbols included in the written data sequences, respectively. The data sequences, in each of which the number of the timing control symbols has been adjusted, are read from the elastic buffers in synchronization with a reading clock. The data sequences are written into the deskew circuit. The deskew circuit adjusts the number of the timing control symbols included in each data sequence so as to be equal to the predetermined number.

Abstract: A time control mechanism accepts samples of time (true or otherwise) over a network, and enables dynamic compensation for random delays of the network in order to maintain the output of a slave clock that the time control mechanism controls within required bounds relative to the time of a master clock, even when the samples are randomly delayed. In one embodiment, a hardware timestamping method and apparatus is provided. The hardware timestamping method and apparatus is used to achieve the fine resolution required for timestamping both received samples and transmitted requests. In another embodiment, a delay-variation-smoothing method and apparatus is provided. The delay-variation-smoothing method and apparatus allows the time control mechanism to calculate the network delay in order to maintain the slave clock within the required time bounds.

Abstract: In a method for adaptive transmission timing control, the overlooking of a base path at the side of the base station that occurs when the transmission timing offset amount changes to the extent of falling outside the current delay-profile calculation range, and the side of the mobile station fails to demodulate the control information that contains the transmission timing offset amount, is prevented. A limit is put on the transmission timing offset amount applied in a single transmission timing control iteration. Together with setting the transmission timing offset value such that the main component of the delay profile calculated from the pilot signal transmitted with offset transmission timing falls within the time range of when the current delay profile was calculated, the time range for calculating the next delay profile is shifted such that a delay profile calculated from the pilot signal transmitted with offset transmission timing falls within the shifted range, starting at the earliest component.

Abstract: A technique for de-skewing a group of serial data signals respectively outputted from a group of data lanes includes simultaneously feeding a test signal to inputs of the group of data lanes and monitoring respective outputs thereof. A predetermined data element of the test signal outputted from each of the group of data lanes is respectively detected and respective elapsed times from the detection of the predetermined data element outputted from each of the group of data lanes to the detection that the predetermined data element has been outputted from all of the group of data lanes are measured. The group of serial data signals are then de-skewed by respectively delaying them in accordance with their respective measured elapsed times. The test signal may include the predetermined data element, a lane identifier, and a predetermined number of additional data symbols, the predetermined data element being a predetermined data character.

Abstract: Switching and control circuitry for selectively combining a plurality of data signals to provide a composite signal, which corresponds to one or more of the plurality of data signals, and a trigger signal for controlling capturing of selected portions of the composite signal.

Abstract: A method of determining timing skew between data outputs of a memory device can include writing a predetermined data pattern to a memory device at a first operational frequency that is less than a normal operational frequency used to write non-predetermined data to the memory device. The memory device is read to output the predetermined data pattern therefrom at a second operational frequency that is greater than the first operational frequency and about equal to a normal operational frequency used to read non-predetermined data from the memory device. Timing skew is determined between outputs from the memory device based on the actual time when the predetermined data is provided from the memory device.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a bus system for synchronizing at least two buses having at least one bus user, a global time being determined in each bus, and the deviations in the global times of the buses being determined from the global times, the buses being connected via at least one user and the deviations in the individual global times being transmitted to at least one bus user, and the global times of the buses connected via at least one user being adjusted to one another as a function of the deviations in the global times, so that the buses are synchronized with respect to the global times. The buses may include TTCAN buses.

Abstract: A method includes providing transmission opportunity synchronization information from a transmitting network device to other network devices attempting to follow the same transmission opportunities schedule as the transmitting network device. A network device includes a transceiver to transmit and receive transmission opportunity synchronization information, and a unit to utilize transmission opportunity synchronization information received from another network device to adhere to the same transmission opportunity schedule as the other network device.

Abstract: A two-way time transfer protocol includes: sending a signal from a first node including a first clock and a first time interval counter coupled to the first clock over a transport physical layer coupled to the first node to a second node coupled to the transport physical layer, the second node including a second clock and a second time interval counter coupled to the second clock; then sending a last second node time interval counter value from the second time interval counter of the second node over the transport physical layer to the first node; and then comparing at the first node a last first node time interval counter value to the last second node time interval counter value. A first-way path latency from the first node to the second node is substantially equal to a second-way path latency from the second node to the first node, and all of a first node transmit delay, a first node receive delay, a second node transmit delay and a second node receive delay are substantially constant.

Abstract: Methods and systems provide approaches to start code emulation prevention at a granularity higher than the bit level. By operating at a level other than the bit level, processing capability requirements on both the encoder and decoder side can be reduced. In accordance with one or more embodiments, a start code emulation prevention method looks for data patterns relative to fixed-size data portions larger than single bits. When a particular pattern is found, start code emulation prevention data is inserted to prevent start code emulation. The inserted data is larger than a single bit and, in some embodiments, comprises a byte. When a decoder decodes data that has had start code emulation prevention data inserted, it can easily identify legitimate start codes and then can remove the start code emulation prevention data to provide the original data that was protected.

Abstract: A novel and improved method and apparatus, in a WCDMA communication system, for informing a mobile station of a downlink data frame time offset by determining the downlink data frame time offset, and transmitting the downlink data frame time offset via an Active Set Update message transmitted from a cell to mobile station. Once an Active Set Update message is received, the data frame time offset information is provided to a timing block which may determine data frame boundary of each downlink signal. Timing block may then adjust the PN sequence timing corresponding to the downlink signal associated with the data frame time offset such that corresponding data symbols in each data frame are correctly soft combined in a combiner.

Abstract: A synchronization method is cooperated with a master apparatus and a plurality of slave apparatuses. The synchronization method includes at least a transmitting process, at least a responding process, at least a receiving process, a calculating process and a time-adjusting process. The transmitting process is for transmitting a synchronization message to at least one of the slave apparatuses through a network and recording a transmitting time by the master apparatus. The responding process is for transmitting a responding message to the master apparatus through the network and record a responding time after the slave apparatus receives the synchronization message. The receiving process is for receiving the responding message and recording a receiving time by the master apparatus.

Abstract: Various methods, apparatuses and systems are described in which a skew delay time between communication lanes is determined. A data transfer path is established which includes two or more communication lanes in a communication link. A skew delay time is determined between the communication lanes of the communication link with respect each other with using a clock period of a input output circuit as a reference time.

Abstract: A method for operating an end-user of an isochronous cyclical communication system, including the following steps: receipt of a synchronisation data telegramme from a connecting user in the communication system by the end-user, whereby the synchronisation data telegramme is affected by the run time of a transmission run between the connecting user and the end-user, synchronisation of a time base of the end-user via the synchronisation data telegramme, resulting in a synchronisation of the time base with a tolerance corresponding to the run time, cyclical processing of a transmission list by the end user within a communication cycle corresponding to the time base of the end user, whereby the transmission of a data telegramme occurs according to the transmission list from the end user to the connecting user at the earliest at the beginning of the communication cycle and at the latest at a point equivalent to the tolerance before the projected transfer time point of the relevant data telegramme by the communicat

Abstract: A method for proposing at least one transmission rate change including calculating a plurality of latency values, computing at least one derivative-based proposed change from the plurality of latency values, and proposing a rate change selected from the at least one derivative-based proposed change. Also provided is a system including a rate controller controlling the transmission rate of data between two stations over a network and a rate reporter in communication with the rate controller.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for the time-synchronised relaying of signals, whereby various signals from at least one signal source are relayed over various signal paths to at least one signal receiver, with time markers overlaid on the various signals. The delays occurring in the various signal paths are determined, a minimum total delay is calculated from the determined delays and information as to the minimal total delay is inserted in the various signals in the form of time-markers. A time-synchronous relaying of the signals is guaranteed in each signal path by means of an individual signal delay, the delay value of which corresponds to the difference between the minimal total delay and the delay caused by signal processing imposed on the signal in each signal path.

Abstract: Where links between a port module and plural switch fabric slices are of various lengths, a cell is transmitted from the port module to a switch fabric slice in response to a grant. The transmission is delayed by an amount based on a link round trip delay (RTD) value for the corresponding link between the port module and the switch fabric slice, and a predetermined global delay value. As a result of this delay, the cell arrives at the switch fabric slice at a fixed number of cell times (equal to the global delay value) after issuance of the grant, independent of any link lengths.

Abstract: Systems and methods for deskewing parallel data lines using at least one extra channel in parallel to the parallel data lines to carry data for comparing to data on the parallel data lines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data from an optical network unit (ONU) to an optical line termination (OLT) in a Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GE-PON) on the basis of a time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme are provided. A measurement of a data transmission time when the data is transmitted to the OLT is obtained, and the measured data transmission time is compared with a predetermined normal transmission time. The transmission of the data is maintained if the measured data transmission time is determined to be less than or equal to the normal transmission time from the comparison result. However, if the measured data transmission time is determined to be greater than the normal transmission time, the transmission of the data is stopped.

Abstract: In a base station providing a large-distance service area (large area) such as a mobile communication system WLL of the CDMA method, the time required for performing call search (path search) is reduced so as to reduce the call connection time. When performing a path search in the base station (8), a predetermined offset value from a reference time is set so that path search is performed only in a doughnut-shaped service area (30). Thus, there is no need of performing path search in the vicinity of the base station (8) and search is performed only in the doughnut-shaped service area (30). Thus, it is possible to reduce the path search time and reduce the call connection time.

Abstract: A wireless device generates a peak profile for a primary synchronization channel (PSCH), and has a synchronization stage for performing code group identification and scrambling code identification. A first peak from the peak profile is chosen. The first peak has a first path position. The synchronization stage is handed the first path position to obtain a first code group number and a first code number associated with the first peak. A multi-path search window is then opened in the peak profile around the first path position. A second peak within the multi-path search window is selected, and a verification procedure is performed on this second peak to determine if the second peak has a code number that is identical to the first code number. The first code group number is assigned to the second peak if the code number of the second peak is identical to the first code number.

Abstract: A system for a backplane that employs i) an adjustment of positive-to-negative (P-N) driver skew of a transmit signal of a relatively high-speed differential driver to reduce far-end crosstalk, ii) a high-speed differential subtraction circuit combining a gain-adjusted replica of at least one transmit signal with a received signal to reduce near-end crosstalk, and iii) a phase-locked loop (PLL) synchronization circuit to align timing events between a set of near-end and far-end high-speed interfaces.

Abstract: A communication network control method for a communication network including a hub and a plurality of user nodes includes adjusting system parameters and feathering to reduce jitter and other effects given current conditions of the wireless channel, current loading of the network, and user constraints. In particular, the method includes transmitting a first and second frame with a burst time plan from the hub to each user node, and transmitting a first respective data burst from each of the user nodes to the hub according to the burst time plan. The time frame of the data burst from each user node arrives simultaneously at the hub. A position of each slot in the first data burst is allocated to be equally spaced along a time axis.

Abstract: A system that includes a position measuring device, a processing unit, a first data channel connecting the position measuring device to the processing unit and for transmitting data from the position measuring device to the processing unit and a second data channel connecting the position measuring device to the processing unit and for transmitting data from the processing unit to the position measuring device. Serial data transmission between the position measuring device and the processing unit is based on ethernet physics, wherein it is assured that a pickup of position data in the position measuring device always takes place at defined times and with the least possible chronological inexactness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication system and communication method which enable various types of near field communication, and a data processing apparatus. NFC communication apparatuses 1 to 3 have two features in that each can perform communication in two communication modes and that each can perform data transmission at a plurality of transfer rates. The two communication modes consist of a passive mode and an active mode. In the passive mode, between the NFC communication apparatuses 1 and 2, for example, the NFC communication apparatus 1 transmits data to the NFC communication apparatus 2 by modulating electromagnetic waves generated by itself, while the NFC communication apparatus 2 transmits data to the NFC communication apparatus 1 by performing load modulation on the electromagnetic waves generated by the NFC communication apparatus 1.

Abstract: A TDMA communications apparatus is provided with a central processor and a control circuit for resetting or fine-adjusting a count value of a slot timing generating counter which generates slot timing pulses used for establishing synchronization of communication. The central processor switches the apparatus to coarse adjustment mode upon detecting RSSI level of a signal received from specific one of other stations. Then, the central processor switches the apparatus to verification mode to verify that data of individual slots are correctly received for a specific period of time and proceeds to fine adjustment mode, in which the central processor fine adjusts the count value of the slot timing generating counter so as to track the signal from the specific station using it as a tracking station.

Abstract: A single frequency network (SFN) system is provided, where the system includes a head-end and a plurality of transmitters. The head-end is capable of calculating timing information based upon a time reference having a second resolution. Thereafter, the head-end is capable of sending content including the timing information. The transmitters are capable of receiving the content including the timing information. At least one transmitter is capable of calculating a delay to synchronize the content with content received by at least one other transmitter. In this regard, the transmitter(s) are capable of calculating the delay based upon the timing information and a time reference having a first resolution, the first resolution being higher than the second resolution such that the delay has a higher accuracy than the timing information. After the delay, then, the transmitter(s) are capable of broadcasting the synchronized content to a plurality of mobile terminals.

Abstract: A method of timing in a multi-cell system requiring synchronization of frames in transmission is provided. Transceivers of a wired data interface between a central controller and multiple base stations are synchronized to a frame timing clock up to a difference in propagation delays between the central controller and multiple base stations. The propagation delays are considered as constants, are measured, and are stored in each base station. A unique word is regularly inserted in the data transmitted by the central controller, at a fixed interval. When this unique word is detected by the base station within a fixed period of the frame timing clock, a frame signal delay is initiated at the next rising edge of each frame timing clock. This frame signal delay is equal to the period of the frame timing clock minus the propagation delay. At the end of the frame delay, the frame data is transmitted, and all frames are simultaneously transmitted from different base stations.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for timely forwarding, discarding, and delivering data packets over the network and to their destination nodes and the optimization of data transfer throughput through the network. The timely forwarding and discarding are possible thanks to the standard global common time reference (CTR) that is known as UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). UTC is available from GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo, and GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System). Data transfer throughput optimization is pursued by taking advantage of the timely forwarding and discarding properties to improve the data packets transfer flow control mechanisms, such as the sliding window re-sizing algorithm implemented by the widely deployed Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

Abstract: A method and system for providing time division multiple access communications is disclosed. The disclosure includes sending a first message in a time slot. The time slot has a slot length. The first message has a first time associated therewith. The first time includes the time required to send the first message and the propagation delay associated with the reception of the first message by a second transceiver. The disclosure also includes determining time remaining in the time slot for sending a second message. The time remaining is based on the first time and the slot length. The disclosure also relates to sending a second message in the time slot if the length of the second message plus the length of the propagation delay associated with the second message is less than the time remaining in the time slot.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transmitting packets and controlling packet flow are provided in wireless communication systems. A time stamping technique synchronizes timers/and clocks between one or more senders and receivers in a wireless communication system. Additionally, a global acknowledgement frame carries a plurality of acknowledgement messages, such as one for each services identification (SID).

Abstract: A method of a receiver determining the timing of a signal transmitted in a time-slotted manner, the signal comprising a sequence of information which is repeated at a known interval and has at least a known minimum length. The method performs correlation operations between groups of received slots of information, the groups spaced by the known interval. The groups are moved through the received signal, adding and removing slots, to locate a maximum correlation value sum for the group which should correspond to the timing of the slot. The method also can be used to determine a frequency offset at the receiver and/or an initial phase.

Abstract: A protocol for communicating data on a passive optical network conforming to the Ethernet standard provides processes for remote network node discovery and synchronization. Uplink packet transmissions to a central controller, such as an optical line terminal, are scheduled by the central controller. Downlink packets from the central controller to a remote network node, such as an optical network unit, are encrypted to preserve privacy, and the key used for encryption is changed periodically. The protocol further provides processes for detecting the loss of physical or logical connection between the central controller and the remote network nodes.

Abstract: A method for locating and tracking communication units in a synchronous wireless communication system allows for system synchronization and communication unit location when usable GPS signals are not available or are being jammed. Communication units communicate within frames that are synchronized with a timing-reference signal. The timing-reference signal may be generated from GPS signals when available or generated from TOA and trajectory extrapolations when the GPS signals are not available. A disciplined oscillator may be used to maintain substantial synchronization over a few seconds of a frame. In one embodiment, propagation delays of received signals within the frame are determined and provided to other communication units allowing one or more communication units to calculate locations of the communication units. The location information may be reported to the other communication units for use in the self-synchronization.

Abstract: In a ring topology digital network propagation delay is reduced A master node transmits a clock signal into the network in one direction. Each slave node propagates the signal to the next slave node without regeneration until the signal is received by the master node. The amount of time the signal takes to travel around the ring, is measured and is the total ring propagation delay. The master node then transmits a clock signal in both directions to the first slave node which measures the difference in their arrival times and transmits the difference to the master node. The process is repeated for each other slave node. Based upon each difference the master node computes the propagation delay for each ring segment. The master node transmits to each slave node the corresponding ring segment propagation delay and each slave node adjusts the phase of the node's clock.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a method for emulating the two-way information flow of a real application in a system, which comprises a first network element (101) and a second network element (102), as well as a packet network (103) between said first network element and said second network element. The method comprises transmitting a set of packets from the first network element (101) through the packet network (103) to the second network element (102). At the second network element, at least part of the transmitted packets are received. In a return transmission, a packet arrived at the second network element is transmitted back to the first network element only after a selected delay from the receiving of the packet at the second network element. The object of the invention is also a system, a network element and a computer program product implementing the method.

Abstract: A (GSM) and (GPRS) power ramping controller and an associated power ramping method are provided. Each frame to be transmitted has a plurality of slots, and each slot has a data period and a guard period for classifying continuous slots of the plurality of slots, and the guard period has a U-shaped power level waveform.

Abstract: The method for transmitting data in a point-to-multipoint data communication network which includes a network access point and a first through an Nth (N is 2 or a higher positive integer) station that communicate each other through a shared transmission medium, the data transmission method, wherein the station determines time to transmit its data to the network access point based on time when the station receives transmission timing information from the network access point.

Abstract: A group poll mechanism (GPM) that schedules upstream bandwidth for cable modems by pointing a request opportunity normally reserved for a single service flow to more than one service flow. Essentially, instead of using the seldom-used poll requests one per service flow, this same request opportunity is pointed to multiple service flows. In such kind of a scheme the GPM gives the same mini-slot to multiple service flows. The GPM implements the use of place-holder SIDs and novel mapping of information elements in MAP messages.