Abstract: Examples described herein relate to a first central processing unit (CPU) node to generate time stamp counter (TSC) values based on a first clock signal and a second CPU node to generate TSC values based on a second clock signal. In some examples, the first CPU node is to determine at least one network timer time stamp based on the TSC values based on the first clock signal and the second CPU node is to determine at least one network timer time stamp based on the TSC values based on the second clock signal. In some examples, determine at least one network timer time stamp based on the TSC values based on the first clock signal is based on (i) a relationship between the first clock signal and a network interface device main timer and (ii) a relationship between a network timer source and the network interface device main timer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a controller of a memory system writes write data associated with a set of received write requests to a first write destination storage region in a first write mode of writing a plurality of bits per memory cell, without writing the write data to a second storage region. When receiving from a host a first request to cause a state of the first write destination storage region to transition to a second state in which writing is suspended, the controller transfers un-transferred remaining write data from a write buffer of the host to an internal buffer, and writes the remaining write data to the second storage region in a second write mode of writing 1 bit per memory cell.

Abstract: The degree of freedom of an abnormality detection target location in a solid-state imaging device in which a plurality of substrates are joined is improved. A semiconductor device includes a connection line and a detection circuit. A plurality of semiconductor substrates are joined in the semiconductor device. Then, in the semiconductor device, the connection line is wired across the plurality of semiconductor substrates. The detection circuit detects the presence or absence of an abnormality in a joint surface of the plurality of semiconductor substrates based on an energization state of the connection line when enable has been set by a predetermined control signal.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a multi-link device (MLD) operating in multiple links including a first link may transmit, through a first station (STA) and to a first AP of an AP multi-link device, a request frame including an information field for requesting at least one element related to a second link. The multi-link device may receive at least one element related to the second link on the basis of the request frame.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes techniques for providing timing for outputting audio from two or more devices. An example method includes determining, at a first device, timing for outputting audio from a second device and a third device in an attempt to have the audio from the second and third devices play in a synchronized manner. The example method further includes communicating from the first device to the second device, using a first wireless communication technology (e.g., Wi-Fi), the timing for outputting the audio. The example method further includes communicating from the first device to the third device, using a second wireless communication technology (e.g., Bluetooth) that is different from the first wireless communication technology, the timing for outputting the audio.

Abstract: Provided are a configuration method and apparatus for a frame structure, and a storage medium. The configuration method for the frame structure includes: receiving, by a first node, frame structure parameters configured by a second node, wherein each frame structure parameter comprises: a period and a type of a frame structure, and the frame structure parameters comprise a common frame structure parameter, a first dedicated frame structure parameter and a second dedicated frame structure parameter; obtaining, by the first node, an uplink/downlink division of the frame structure according to the common frame structure parameter and/or the first dedicated frame structure parameter, and determining, according to the second dedicated frame structure parameter by the first node, the frame structure for uplink transmission of a backhaul link and the frame structure for downlink transmission of the backhaul link.

Abstract: A synchronization signal/PBCH block (SSB) transmission method. The method includes: transmitting, in two continuous slots, four synchronization signal/PBCH blocks (SSBs) and remaining minimum system information (RMSI) corresponding to the four SSBs respectively.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing clocks of a secondary node and primary node, the method comprising: the primary node transmitting a first message and an indication of that message's transmission time to the secondary node; the secondary node transmitting a second message to the primary node; the primary node transmitting a third message and an indication of that message's transmission time to the secondary node; the secondary node calculating a rate of its clock relative to the clock of the primary node using a ratio of times between the transmission and reception times of the first and third messages; and the secondary node calculating a time offset of its clock relative to the clock of the primary node using the calculated rate, a propagation delay and one of the indications of the transmission times of the first or third message.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless node may transmit an enhanced duplexing capability indication that indicates an enhanced duplexing capability status associated with one or more resources. The wireless node may communicate based at least in part on a resource of the one or more resources. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, components, devices and systems for low-latency parameter updates. In some aspects, a wireless communication device, such as a handset or an access point (AP), may transmit, to one or more wireless audio devices, an indication of a set of updated parameters associated with an extended personal area network (XPAN) of the wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may embed the indication of the set of updated parameters via a real-time protocol (RTP) header or in a padding section of a payload data of an audio data packet. A wireless audio device may extract the set of updated parameters from the audio data packet and may transmit an acknowledgement (ACK) to the wireless communication device. As a result of receiving an ACK from the wireless audio device(s), the wireless communication device may communicate with the wireless audio device(s) in accordance with the updated parameters.

Abstract: Enhanced resolution for a real-time clock is implemented, which includes a real-time clock configured to operate at a first time resolution, at least one processing unit configured to operate at a second time resolution, wherein the second time resolution has a higher frequency than the first time resolution, a memory for storing data at a location including data from the real-time clock and the at least one processing unit, an interrupt configured to load information into the memory at the location using the at least one processing unit, the interrupt further configured to operate at a frequency associated with the second time resolution, a timing service configured to read information from the memory at the location, the timing service configured to operate at the second time resolution, and a calibration module configured to re-calibrate the real-time clock.

Abstract: An electronic device according to an embodiment includes a memory storing instructions, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, a communication circuit, and a processor. The processor, when executing the instructions, is configured to establish a connection with a public access point (AP) to communicate with an external electronic device, obtain location information of the electronic device, maintain a state of mode for a VPN in an inactive state, based on transmitting information distinct from the location information, on a condition that the number of a plurality of electronic devices located within a reference distance from the public AP is less than a reference value, and switch the state of mode for VPN mode from the inactive state to an active state, based on transmitting the information on a condition that the number of the plurality of electronic devices is equal to or greater than the reference value.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for providing a time source for autonomous driving are provided, which may be applied to autonomous driving of a vehicle in the field of artificial intelligence. The method includes: providing a first time source for a first subsystem of an autonomous driving system by using a first crystal oscillator, and providing a second time source for a second subsystem of the autonomous driving system based on a received satellite time signal. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a stable and reliable global time source reference can be provided for the autonomous driving system, to ensure secure operation of the autonomous driving system, and meet a requirement of the system for coordinated universal time.

Abstract: A circuit includes an input configured to receive a plurality of client signals; a generic mapping procedure (GMP) block configured to map each of the plurality of client signals into a corresponding server signal; and a time-sliced GMP processor connected to the GMP block, and that operates in a time-sliced manner where the time-sliced GMP processor operates on each of the plurality of client signals, and wherein the time-sliced GMP processor is configured to perform a modified sigma-delta computation configured to determine data and stuff for a payload of each of the corresponding server signals. The plurality of client signals can be Ethernet and the corresponding server signal can be an optical transport network (OTN) signal.

Abstract: A method of sharing and synchronizing a plurality of electronically stored resources between a cloud file system and a client file system is provided. The method includes receiving one or more change events wherein each change event indicates an independent change to one or more electronically stored files in a first client file system, holding the received change events for a period of time, and determining whether any of the held change events are combinable with other held change events indicating one or more independent changes to one or more electronically stored files in one or more client file systems comprising the first client file system.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for performing wireless communication by a first device. The method can comprise steps in which the first device receives from a second device a first physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) or a first physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) comprising information relating to a second synchronization source, determines synchronization of the second device on the basis of the information relating to the second synchronization source, and performs the synchronization of the second device on the basis of a reference signal of the first PSCCH or first PSSCH. For example, the second synchronization source can comprise a synchronization source having a highest priority configured beforehand with respect to the second device.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a controller of a memory system performs a first operation a plurality of times for each of a plurality of first blocks. The first operation includes a write operation for writing data in a first write mode for writing m-bit data per memory cell and a data erase operation. While a second block is not a defective block, the controller performs a second operation a plurality of times for the second block. The second operation includes a write operation for writing data in a second write mode for writing n-bit data per memory cell and a data erase operation. When the second block is a defective block, the controller selects a first block from the plurality of first blocks, and writes second write data to the selected first block in the second write mode.

Abstract: A system for providing synchronous access to hardware resources includes a first network interface element to receive a network time signal from a data communication network and a memory to store sequence of one or more instructions selected from an instruction set of the first processing circuit. The sequence of one or more instructions include a first instruction that is configured to synchronize execution of a second instruction of the sequence of one or more instructions with the network time signal. The system further includes a first processing circuit to use the first instruction and a timing parameter associated with a second instruction to execute the second instruction in synchrony with the network time signal.

Abstract: Example techniques disclosed herein relate to location-based playlists. In an example implementation, a system receives, from a mobile device, first GPS data indicating that the mobile device is located at a first physical location, wherein an application on the mobile device is registered with a particular user account of the cloud service. The system determines that the first physical location represented in the first GPS data corresponds to a location of a first business associated with one or more first playback devices within the cloud service. The one or more first playback devices are playing back first audio tracks. As each first audio track is at least partially played back, the system adds the respective first audio track to a location-based playlist associated with the particular user account of the cloud service. The computing system causes the mobile device to display an indication of the location-based playlist.

Abstract: A method for receiving a signal during an intrabody communication via a user carrying a terminal. The method is performed by the terminal and includes: receiving a signal from a communication device, indicating that the user moved closer to the device between two instants; detecting, in the signal received, a first radio frame generated between the two instants, the first frame being at the same frequency as that of the signal received; detecting, in the signal received, a second radio frame generated between the two instants, the second frame being at a different frequency to that of the signal received; comparing the first frame to the second frame; and validating a transaction based on the presence or absence of information common to the first and second compared frames.

Abstract: Establishing an expected transmit time at which a network interface controller (NIC) is expected to transmit a next packet. Enqueuing, with the NIC and before the expected transmit time, a packet P1 to be transmitted at the expected transmit time. Upon enqueuing P1, incrementing the expected transmit time by an expected transmit duration of P1. Transmitting at the NIC's line rate and timestamping enqueued P1 with its actual transmit time. Adjusting the expected transmit time by a difference between P1's actual transmit and P1's expected transmit time. Requesting, before completion of transmitting P1, to transmit a P2 at time t(P2). Enqueuing, in sequence, zero or more P0, such that the current expected transmit time plus the duration of the transmission of the P0s at the line rate equals t(P2). Transmitting at the line rate each enqueued P0. Upon enqueuing each P0, incrementing, for each P0, the expected transmit time by the expected transmit duration of the P0.

Abstract: Methods and systems for performing timekeeping by a data processing system are disclosed. To perform timekeeping, the data processing system may include an oscillator that provides signals upon which time keeping is based. The signal provided by the oscillator may be impacted by the temperature of the oscillator. During periods of time when the data processing system may communicate with other devices, the data processing system may perform cooperative timekeeping synchronization through exchange of data with the other devices. During periods of time when the data processing system may not perform cooperative timekeeping synchronization, the data processing system may perform independent timekeeping synchronization by attempting to thermally stabilize the oscillator.

Abstract: A 5G-TSN resource joint scheduling apparatus includes: a state information acquisition module, a scheduling decision making module, and a configuration module. The state information acquisition module is configured to acquire bottom-layer network information, and process the acquired bottom-layer network information to obtain state information, the bottom-layer network information includes channel information, gate control list information of a TSN domain, and queue information in a base station. The scheduling decision making module is configured to obtain a result of decision making based on the state information output by the state information acquisition module using a DDPG-based reinforcement learning model, the result of decision making includes whether to allocate resources for a current queue and a number of resources actually allocated to the current queue.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a data transmission method and apparatus, and relate to the field of communications technologies, to resolve a conventional-technology problem that when an SCG fails, a delay is increased because related data is processed only when a network side resumes transmission of data on an SCG-related bearer by using a reconfiguration message. A specific solution is: transmitting, by an apparatus, a first data packet over a second link; and if determining that the second link fails, sending, by the apparatus, to-be-transmitted data packets to a first base station over a first link before the apparatus receives a reconfiguration message from the first base station, where the to-be-transmitted data packets include a data packet whose reception is not acknowledged as a success and that is in the first data packet, and the reconfiguration message is used to indicate a reconfigured link.

Abstract: A configuration to address a bus stall during data packet transmission also allows for bus recover due to data packet transmission errors. If a downstream node is not ready to receive data from a buffer of an upstream node, a timer counts a timeout value. The time count increments on each clock cycle in which the downstream node is not ready to receive data. The buffer is cleared at the upstream node when the count reaches a predetermined threshold value. Alternately, the configuration also operates to receive a packet header from an upstream node, the packet header identifying a number of data in a packet. If no data downstream is received on a clock cycle, a counter triggers and is incremented for each cycle in which no date is received. When a threshold is reached dummy data fills a data packet to then transmit the data.

Abstract: Systems and methods for clock synchronization are disclosed. A client synchronization system (CSS) may transmit RF pulses to a server CSS over micrometeorite ionization trail (MMIT) channels, and may receive RF pulses from the server CSS over MMIT channels, each received RF pulse following transmitted RF pulse. The client CSS may receive from the server CSS over MMIT channels measurement data including pulse arrival times at the server CSS. The measurement and transmission data may be correlated to identify RF-pulse pairs, each pairing a transmitted RF pulse received by the server CSS with a received RF pulse received from the server CSS, both over the same MMIT. TWTT analysis may be applied to timing data the pairs to compute time offsets between a client clock and a server clock. An analytical model of clock drift may be applied to the offsets to synchronize the client clock to the server clock.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the disclosure, a wireless device is configured to communicate with a network node is provided. The wireless device includes processing circuitry configured to: receive an indication, adjust a transmit timing based at least on the indication, and optionally transmit signals based at least on the adjusted transmit timing.

Abstract: There are provided mechanisms for monitoring search spaces. A first method performed by a wireless device comprises receiving an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a downlink slot. At least part of the OFDM symbol is included in a device-specific search space and in a common search space. The first method comprises monitoring the device-specific search space for at least one device-specific reference signal (RS) and monitoring the common search space for at least one non-device-specific RS. In a second method, a radio access network node transmits an OFDM symbol included in a device-specific search space and in a common search space. The device-specific search space contains a device-specific RS, or the non-device specific search space contains a non-device-specific RS, or both of these apply.

Abstract: An enhanced quadrature receive serial interface circuit and methods are provided for calibrating the quadrature receive serial interface circuit. A quadrature receive serial interface circuit comprises a first phase rotator and a second phase rotator generating quadrature clocks of identical frequency. Calibration of the quadrature receive serial interface circuit uses a pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) received by the quadrature receive serial interface circuit. For calibration, one-half of the received PRBS bits are sampled and the phase rotator generating in-phase 0° and 180° clock signals is adjusted to center the data eye for the sampled half of the PRBS bits. Then all data bits (even and odd data bits) of the received PRBS bits are sampled and the phase rotator generating quadrature phase 90° and 270° clock signals is adjusted to center the data eye of all data bits of the PRBS bits to complete calibration.

Abstract: The time synchronization of a network is protected against unauthorized changes to the grandmaster clock of a base time domain by monitoring the physical communication interfaces of a network device for arrival of messages relating to time synchronization. If the messages relating to time synchronization apply to the initially set-up and synchronized base time domain, a check is performed to determine whether the messages relating to time synchronization announce a new grandmaster clock having better clock parameters than those of the present grandmaster clock. If so, a virtual base time domain is started by the network device. If the verification reveals that the proposed new grandmaster clock is trustworthy or valid, the network device discontinues the virtual time domain, updates its stored information concerning the grandmaster clock and, from this time onward, sends messages relating to time synchronization that are based on the new clock parameters to the network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A base station may determine a terrestrial characteristic of a cell associated with the base station. A UE may perform a synchronization procedure with the cell and may receive, as part of the synchronization procedure, broadcast signaling associated with the cell. The broadcast signaling may identify the terrestrial characteristic of the cell. The base station may initiate communications with the UE based on the broadcast signaling including the indication of the terrestrial characteristic of the cell.

Abstract: A communication method implemented by a base station having at least one cell and forming part of a mobile access network including neighbouring cells of the cell. The method includes broadcasting blocks referred to as SSB blocks at a first periodicity value for synchronising a terminal and for allowing said terminal to receive SIBs of which at least one of said SIBs includes an identifier of at least one neighbouring cell, a second periodicity value of SSB blocks broadcast by said neighbouring cell and a frequency position of an SSB block of said neighbouring cell.

Abstract: An Ethernet communication device includes a data interface and circuitry. The data interface is configured for communicating with a neighbor device. The circuitry is configured to exchange Ethernet data frames with the neighbor device over the data interface, wherein successive data frames are separated in time by an Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) having at least a predefined minimal duration, and to further exchange with the neighbor device, over the data interface, during the IPG between Ethernet frames exchanged on the data interface, a wake-up/sleep command that instructs switching between an active mode and a sleep mode.

Abstract: A soft error-mitigating semiconductor design system and associated methods that tailor circuit design steps to mitigate corruption of data in storage elements (e.g., flip flops) due to Single Events Effects (SEEs). Required storage elements are automatically mapped to triplicated redundant nodes controlled by a voting element that enforces majority-voting logic for fault-free output (i.e., Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR)). Storage elements are also optimally positioned for placement in keeping with SEE-tolerant spacing constraints. Additionally, clock delay insertion (employing either a single global clock or clock triplication) in the TMR specification may introduce useful skew that protects against glitch propagation through the designed device.

Abstract: A communication system includes a master device, a connector, a superordinate trunk cable connecting the master device and the connector, a superordinate slave device connected to the connector, a subordinate slave device, and a subordinate trunk cable connecting the connector and the subordinate slave device. The connector includes a superordinate power line via which power is supplied from the master device, a power branching unit to divide the superordinate power line into a first power line connected to the superordinate slave device and a second power line connected to the subordinate slave device, a superordinate signal line via which communication data between the master device and the superordinate slave device is configured to be transmitted, and a subordinate signal line via which communication data between the superordinate slave device and the subordinate slave device is configured to be transmitted.

Abstract: The present technology proposes techniques for generating globally coherent timestamps. This technology may allow distributed systems to causally order transactions without incurring various types of communication delays inherent in explicit synchronization. By globally deploying a number of time masters that are based on various types of time references, the time masters may serve as primary time references. Through an interactive interface, the techniques may track, calculate and record data relative to each time master thus providing the distributed systems with causal timestamps.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a first counter configured to synchronize with a reference time, a second counter configured to synchronize with the first counter, a generation unit configured to generate a synchronization signal each time when a value of the second counter is incremented by a predetermined number, a correction unit configured to correct the value of the second counter toward a value of the first counter, and a control unit configured to control the correction unit to cause the correction unit to calculate a difference between the value of the first counter and the value of the second counter and, in a case where the calculated difference is greater than a predetermined threshold value, the correction unit to correct the value of the second counter step by step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication method and a wireless communication terminal for wideband link setup, and more particularly, a wireless communication method and a wireless communication terminal for increasing data communication efficiency by extending a data transmission bandwidth of a terminal. To this end, provided are a wireless communication method of a terminal, including: obtaining first primary channel information of a basic service set (BSS) with which the terminal is associated; performing clear channel assessment (CCA) for one or more secondary channels of the BSS; and setting a second primary channel among one or more secondary channels determined to be idle based on a result of the CCA, and a wireless communication terminal using the same.

Abstract: A synchronization signal block sending and receiving method and apparatus are described. The method includes a first terminal determining, based on a correspondence between information about locations of M antenna panels and P synchronization signal blocks of the first terminal and information about locations of N antenna panels, a synchronization signal block corresponding to each of the N antenna panels, where the information about the locations of the M antenna panels is used to indicate the locations of the M antenna panels on the first terminal, the N antenna panels are included in the M antenna panels, N is less than or equal to M, M, N and P are positive integers, and P is an integer multiple of M. Then, the first terminal separately sends, by using each of the N antenna panels, the synchronization signal block corresponding to each of the N antenna panels. This application is applicable to a V2V scenario.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In an example, a method includes a first node receiving a precision time protocol (PTP) message, identifying one or more timing domains to be supported by the first node based at least in part on the PTP message, and sending, to a second node of the wireless communication network, an indicator of the one or more timing domains to be supported by the first node. Another example at a node includes receiving, from additional nodes of the wireless communication network, indicators of one or more timing domains supported by the additional nodes, receiving a PTP message associated with a timing domain, and sending the PTP message to a subset of the additional nodes based at least in a part on the indicators of one or more timing domains supported by the additional nodes.

Abstract: Provided is a network adapter for unidirectional transmission of a user data stream to a bidirectional network interface, the network adapter including: a first connection unit which is physically connected to a bidirectional network interface of a first device; a second connection unit which is physically connected to a bidirectional network interface of a second device; and a terminating unit which has at least one bit transmission module and which is designed to establish a bidirectional data link to the network interface of the first device, to receive the user data stream from the first device exclusively in a unidirectional fashion via the data link, and not to send a user data stream to the first device.

Abstract: A transmitter device includes a configurable timer circuit that adjusts timing of input data for serial transmission of the input data. The configurable timer circuit may be configured depending on the configured data rate of the transmitter device. In one embodiment, the configurable timer circuit includes a plurality of configurable retimers that retime the input data where at least a portion of one of the plurality of configurable retimers is enabled based on the configured data rate.

Abstract: A voltage monitoring circuit is disclosed. An apparatus includes a first physical interface circuit and a real-time oscilloscope circuit configured to monitor a first voltage provided to the first physical interface circuit. The real-time oscilloscope is configured to receive an indication that an error was detected in data transmitted from the first physical interface to a second physical interface circuit. The real-time oscilloscope is further configured to provide for debug, to a host computer external to the first interface, information indicating a state of the first voltage at a time at which the error was detected.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a synchronization signal transmission method, a network device, and a terminal device. The method includes: determining, by a network device, time domain positions for sending m synchronization signal blocks, where the time domain positions are {s1, s2, . . . , sm}+n×T, s1 represents a start symbol index of the first synchronization signal block in a time unit, s2 represents a start symbol index of the second synchronization signal block in the time unit, sm represents a start symbol index of an mth synchronization signal block in the time unit, the time unit includes T symbols; and sending, by the network device, the synchronization signal blocks to a terminal device in the time domain positions of the synchronization signal blocks. The technical solutions provided in this application have relatively high flexibility, and can meet, to some extent, a synchronization signal block sending requirement for a high-frequency technology.

Abstract: The present description concerns attribution, on a communication over an I2C bus, of a first address to a first device by a second device, wherein the second device sends the first address over the I2C bus and, if the second device receives no acknowledgment data, then the first device records the first address.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a data transmission method and a communications device. The data transmission method includes: generating a plurality of RRC segments by using an RRC segmentation function of an RRC layer entity of the sender communications device or an RRC segmentation function of a new protocol layer entity, where each of the plurality of RRC segments carries partial data content of an RRC message generated by the sender communications device; and sending the plurality of RRC segments to a receiver communications device.

Abstract: A network node device of an area network includes physical layer (PHY) circuitry configured to transmit and receive frames of data via a communication link of the communication network; medium access layer (MAC) circuitry; a receive interface between the PHY circuitry and the MAC circuitry, and timestamp circuitry. The receive interface includes a receive clock signal and a DLL. The timestamp circuitry is configured to produce multiple sample signals derived from the receive clock signal using the DLL and a local clock signal of the network node, and produce a timestamp offset using the multiple sample signals. The timestamp offset is representative of an instantaneous phase offset between a local clock of the network node and a local clock of a neighbor node of the network node.

Abstract: A wireless media distribution system is provided comprising an access point (6) for broadcasting media and a plurality of stations (2) for reception and playback of media. Each station is configured for receiving and decoding a timestamp in a beacon frame transmitted repeatedly from the access point. This is used to control the output signal of a station physical layer clock (12) which is then used as a clock source for an application layer time synchronisation protocol. This application layer time synchronisation protocol can then be used in the station to control an operating system clock (8) for regulating playback of media.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed. In an example from the perspective of a User Equipment (UE), a signal to configure the UE to perform a Random Access Channel-less (RACH-less) handover to a second cell may be received in a first cell. The signal may comprise an uplink (UL) grant to be used in the second cell. The UL grant may be associated with a downlink (DL) signal. Whether to use the UL grant in the second cell may be determined based upon whether the DL signal is qualified.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for dynamically estimating a propagation time between a first node and a second node of a wireless network are disclosed. One method includes receiving, by the second node, from the first node a packet containing a first timestamp representing the transmit time of the packet, receiving, by the second node, from a local time source, a second timestamp corresponding with a time of reception of the first timestamp received from the first node, calculating a time difference between the first timestamp and the second timestamp, storing the time difference between the first timestamp and the second timestamp, calculating a predictive model for predicting the propagation time based the time difference between the first timestamp and the second timestamp, and estimating the propagation time between the first node and the second node at a time by querying the predictive model with the time.