Abstract: A system and method provide dynamic termination of the unused wired connections in a communications interface of a communications device. An interconnected controller, switch, and termination circuit are provided to connect at least one unused wired connection of the communications interface to ground in response to a pre-determined event. Dynamic termination of one or more unused wired connections of the communications interface can occur while still allowing power delivery, via the interface, to the communications device to maintain operation of the communications device.

Abstract: A packet delay variation simulation system has a packet generator, a packet delay variation generator, and a packet delay analyzer to analyze delayed packets. The packet delay variation generator has multiple delay distribution modules that use both a deterministic delay process and a statistical delay process packet for determining a packet's delay. The packet delay variation generator may utilize different probability density functions to describe various portions of measured packet data. That is, measured packet delay information is analyzed and information from this analysis is used to construct a total delay model for a network. The delay may include a pre-determined deterministic delay offset as well as one or more variable statistical delay offsets.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention includes a method and network for clock synchronization within a time triggered network using time slots, having at least two clusters. The clusters are connected to a coupling unit that includes a clock alignment control logic. The clock alignment control logic includes a coupling unit clock source which is more accurate than the node clock source. The accuracy of the coupling unit clock source is due to the coupling unit clock source including an oscillator crystal with smaller guaranteed deviations than the guaranteed deviations of the node clock source and/or the coupling unit clock source receiving a clock signal from an external clock device or from a GPS device. The method includes using a rate correction for offset correction.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention improve TCP performance over unreliable links and allow TCP connections to be set up when otherwise not possible. Embodiments of this invention include the use of out-of-band signaling for TCP to synchronizing and establishing a connection between two TCP endpoints without modification to the TCP/IP protocol suite. Embodiments of this invention provide a system that creates a control channel to enable out-of-band signaling for TCP connection establishment between two TCP endpoints. In embodiments of this invention, the control channel used for the out-of-band signaling traffic between the TCP endpoints (or peers) is achieved using a system that consists of a signaling broker, an agent application, and a virtual network interface and capture module that together create control channel for the TCP signaling traffic. Embodiments of this invention include a protocol to execute out-of-band signaling for TCP.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a relationship is determined between radio link protocol (RLP) sequence numbers in received RLP packets and real-time protocol (RTP) sequence numbers in RTP packets decompressed from the received RLP packets. An RTP sequence number associated with a compressed RTP packet is determined based on the determined relationship and at least one of the RLP sequence numbers of the received RLP packet or packets forming the compressed RTP packet. An RTP time stamp may be determined in a similar manner.

Abstract: A method for communicating data is provided that includes receiving a plurality of bits associated with a communications flow and determining whether one or more samples included in the flow should be suppressed. The method also includes suppressing a selected one or more of the samples if the selected samples are similar to previously received samples. The cell site element is further operable to invert one or more selected header bits. In a more particular embodiment, the bits to be inverted are part of a fixed length field and the inverted bits are odd. The inversion of the bits reduces packet overhead that is present in an HDLC communications environment.

Abstract: The disclosed systems and methods provide for the compression and decompression of packet headers. An uncompressed header can be compressed in size to form a smaller, compressed header, such that the compressed header can include values that can be used to re-produce the uncompressed header. A compressed header can include at least two such values. A first value of the at least two values can be computed based on a second, earlier uncompressed header and can be used to derive the uncompressed header. Similarly, a second value of the at least two values can be computed based on a third uncompressed header and can be used to derive the same uncompressed header. Accordingly, the uncompressed header can be derived based on the first value and the second uncompressed header, or based on the second value and the third uncompressed header. The uncompressed header, second uncompressed header, and third uncompressed header can be associated with different packets.

Abstract: A packet is transmitted such that jitter of a packet transmission time period is suppressed. A transmission apparatus includes a stream data obtaining unit obtaining stream data from a source outside of the transmission apparatus, a coding unit compressing and coding the stream data, a packet generation unit generating a packet, a transmission buffer unit temporarily storing data, a transmission method selection unit selecting any one of “jitter suppressed transmission” and “normal transmission” as a transmission mode, a communication I/F unit transmitting the packetized stream data with a transmission method selected by the transmission method selection unit, a communication medium detection unit obtaining data for controlling communication via the communication I/F unit by identifying a communication medium, a time keeping unit generating time information, an input unit accepting manipulation input, and a storage unit storing data in a non-volatile manner.

Abstract: Power over Ethernet (PoE) communication systems provide power and data communications over the same communications link, where a power source device (PSE) provides DC power (for example, 48 volts DC) to a powered device (PD). The DC power is transmitted simultaneously over the same communications medium with the high speed data from one node to the other node. For data-only switches (i.e. non-PoE), a midspan device is connected between the data-only switch and the PD devices so as to inject the DC power for the PD devices. The midspan device includes a combination data and management port that communicates both high speed data packets and management packets with the data-only switch. The combination data/management port obviates the need for a dedicated management port on both the midspan and the data-only switch. This eliminates the need to use an extra port on the data switch thus making better port utilization at the data switch as well as lowing the cost of the midspan.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for data packet communication in wireless communication systems. One embodiment involves determining if one or more data blocks pending transmission in a current transmission opportunity period over the channel will expire before the start of another transmission opportunity period, and if a data block will expire before the start of another transmission opportunity period, then extending the current transmission opportunity period by an extension period for transmitting the expiring data block during the extension period. One or more expiring packets are transmitted during the extension period on a best-effort basis.

Abstract: A method of generating a data block to be transmitted from a protocol layer to a receiving side in a wireless communication system, the protocol layer having a header compression function, comprises generating at least one of a control packet which includes control information and a compressed packet generated by header compression for an upper layer data block, and generating a first lower layer data block which includes type indication information and the control packet, if the control packet is generated, the type indication information indicating a type of control information included in the generated control packet.

Abstract: A method for improving the use of a secure reference principle in a header compression scheme over a channel that admits reordering of packets between a compressor and a decompressor includes transmitting a first plurality of non-context updating packets between a compressor and a decompressor over the channel and, in response to a context update, transmitting a second plurality of context-updating packets between the compressor and the decompressor over the channel. The number of packets in the second plurality is greater than or equal to a maximum possible reordering that packets can experience on the channel between the compressor and the decompressor.

Abstract: A “speech onset detector” provides a variable length frame buffer in combination with either variable transmission rate or temporal speech compression for buffered signal frames. The variable length buffer buffers frames that are not clearly identified as either speech or non-speech frames during an initial analysis. Buffering of signal frames continues until a current frame is identified as either speech or non-speech. If the current frame is identified as non-speech, buffered frames are encoded as non-speech frames. However, if the current frame is identified as a speech frame, buffered frames are searched for the actual onset point of the speech. Once that onset point is identified, the signal is either transmitted in a burst, or a time-scale modification of the buffered signal is applied for compressing buffered frames beginning with the frame in which onset point is detected. The compressed frames are then encoded as one or more speech frames.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a relationship is determined between radio link protocol (RLP) sequence numbers in received RLP packets and real-time protocol (RTP) sequence numbers of RTP packets represented by the received RLP packets. A RTP sequence number associated with a compressed RTP packet is determined based on the determined relationship and at least one of the RLP sequence numbers of the received RLP packet or packets forming the compressed RTP packet. The compressed RTP packet does not include a RTP sequence number.

Abstract: An ability to compress packets is announced from a customer edge router (CE) to other CEs through a routing protocol packet. An announcement of that ability is received from another CE through a routing protocol packet. A compression technique is then matched. The CE receives compression information from the other CE in a routing protocol packet, and determines that a compression technique identified therein matches any compression technique the CE is programmed to use. The CE then flags packets transmitted from/received by the CE to be compressed/decompressed according to the matched compression technique. Alternatively, the CE may match by transmitting compression information identifying a compression technique to the another CE in a routing protocol packet; the another CE receives the routing protocol packet and determines that a compression technique identified in the compression information of the routing protocol packet matches any compression technique the another CE is programmed to use.

Abstract: The clocks of one or more edgeQAM devices are synchronized with a master clock at the remotely located CMTS. A master clock signal may be transmitted via a dedicated gigabit Ethernet link. Alternatively, master clock information contained in a time synchronization message may be transmitted for use in adjusting local oscillators that drive local clocks at respective edgeQAM devices.

Abstract: Methods for decoding a signal encoded by a Time Encoding Machine (TEM) include defining a plurality of time-windows, each time-window corresponding to a portion of a TEM-encoded signal and made up of a plurality of trigger values, at least two of the time-windows overlapping, decoding each of the time-windows using a Time Decoding Machine (TDM) to generate a decoded time-window, and stitching the decoded time-windows together to generate a TEM-decoded signal.

Abstract: Deciphering and verification of the checksum of enciphered and encapsulated UDP datagrams, particularly those which enclose a tunneling protocol such as L2TP, are achieved by the provision of a checksum verifier in parallel with a decipher block. Checksum logic creates a pseudo UDP header needed for checksum verification using fields that would occur at the start of the packet that encapsulates the UDP datagram. The first part of the packet to be deciphered is the UDP header; checksum logic can latch the checksum field into a local register. As the rest of the packet is deciphered the checksum verifier processes the data at the same time. Eventually the checksum logic will acquire a complete checksum which can be compared with the checksum that had been previously latched, so as to verify the checksum.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for removing noise contained within a usable frequency band of a mobile communication terminal. The apparatus includes a multiplier for multiplying a main clock of the mobile communication terminal by a predetermined integer to generate a reference signal; a multiplexer for multiplexing parallel signals, the parallel signals being transmitted to a peripheral device inside the mobile communication terminal, using the reference signal, and converting the parallel signals into serial signals; a demultiplexer for demultiplexing the serial signals to convert the serial signals into parallel signals; and a frequency divider for recovering the reference signal of the serial signals transmitted from the demultiplexer into the main clock.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product. The method includes: receiving multiple variable bit rate version of a program; wherein different variable bit rate versions of the program differ from each other by their bit rate; converting each variable bit version of the program to a constant bit version of the program by adding null packets so that once an edge device removes the null packets a valid single program transport stream is generated; and transmitting multiple constant bit versions of the program to a server.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for compression of headers in broadcasting BCMCS services in a wireless communication system are described. Techniques used in BCMCS systems without feedback include sending static context information during BCMCS service initialization for use in a decompressor in a mobile station. Techniques used in BCMCS systems with feedback include receiving feedback from distributed mobile station decompressors and adjusting the broadcasting compressor in response to the feedback. Techniques that reduce the number of operating states in both the compressor and the decompressor are described. Techniques to classify flows so that a reduced number of contexts are used to compress/decompress session packet headers in a push-to-talk service are described.

Abstract: Transference of signaling frames on GERAN (GSM/EDGE radio Access Network) half rate channels utilizing a modulation scheme carrying n bits in one symbol. In order to be able to utilize the existing channel coding developed for channels with different modulations and to avoid high rate convolutional and block codes, the AMR signaling frame to be transferred is coded using a coding procedure defined for a GSM half rate channel utilizing a GMSK modulation scheme, the coding procedure outputting a coded output stream. In response to said coding, each bit of the coded output stream is repeated n times, whereby a repeated bit stream is obtained, and symbols to be transmitted are formed from the repeated bit stream.

Abstract: In a method and arrangement for preparation of data for loading from a first data processing device into a second data processing device via a first data connection, a number of transmission-ready transmission data packets are generated in at least one packetizing step from the data to be loaded into the second data processing device; and at least one load parameter influencing the total load time until a complete loading of the data into the second data processing device is determined in a determination step preceding the packetizing step. The generation of the transmission data packets ensues in the at least one packetizing step dependent on the first load parameter.

Abstract: Machine-readable media, methods, and apparatus are described. In some embodiments, a header policy for a packet to be transmitted through the network is defined based upon characteristics of the network and a header of the packet is compressed based upon whether the header policy indicates the header of the packet is to be compressed.

Abstract: The present invention protocol offers guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) for concurrent calls in a highly dynamic, scalable network. The invention employs a TDMA reservation technique to transmit voice traffic to multiple destinations and a CSMA/CA contention scheme to support data traffic. The present invention operates over a link-state based routing protocol that reliably floods routing and resource reservation information to network nodes. The present invention is suitable for general networking applications that require QoS for multimedia traffic in a mobile, Ad-Hoc network and enables conference calls to be established and operated in that type of network under various conditions. Moreover, the present invention capitalizes on certain properties of a radio, such as a RAKE type receiver, that sums up multiple, identical transmissions from multiple sources. In addition, the present invention enables roaming between and/or within a group or island of network nodes during the lifetime of a call.

Abstract: There is provided a transmitting apparatus for transmitting data, which includes: compressing means compressing data to be transmitted; packetizing means packetizing the data compressed by the compressing means; a buffer for accumulating the data which are packetized; transmitting means transmitting the data accumulated in the buffer; clearing means clearing the buffer at each time that a predetermined time is lapsed; number-of-data counting means counting the number of the data which are not transmitted within the predetermined time; time measuring means measuring a transmission idle time which lasts from a transmission completion time to a clearing time, in a case where all of the data accumulated in the buffer are transmitted before the predetermined time is lapsed; and compression controlling means controlling a compression rate of the data, depending on the number of the data counted or the transmission idle time measured.

Abstract: When digital signals are to be transmitted between a camera unit and a camera control unit, the distance of their transmission depends on the frequency at which the digital signals are transmitted. The higher the frequency of the digital signals is, the greater the cable attenuation is, inviting deterioration of the signals.

Abstract: An interval centroid-based watermark encoder encodes a watermark into a packet flow. Intervals are defined for the packet flow. Some of the intervals are selected as group A intervals while other intervals are selected as group B intervals. Group A and group B intervals are paired and assigned to watermark bits. A first or second value may be encoded by increasing the relative packet time between packets in either the group A (for the first bit value) or group B (for the second bit value) interval(s) of the interval pair(s) assigned to the watermark bits that are to represent the first or second bit value and the beginning of the same group interval(s). The relative packet times may be measured by a decoder and used to calculate a centroid difference for each interval pair. The centroid differences may be used to reconstruct the watermark.

Abstract: A radio LAN system includes a server configured to hold a file; an access point connected with the server; a LAN terminal connected with the access point by radio; and a client terminal configured to issue a file transfer request to the server. An operation mode between the access point and the LAN terminal is set to a non-compression mode in which compression of the file is not performed, when the file is in a compressed state, and to a compression mode in which compression of the file is performed, when the file is in a non-compressed state. The file is transferred from the server to the client terminal in the operation mode in response to the file transfer request.

Abstract: In a case of being judged that a compressed mode is applied in a mobile terminal, if it is judged that reception quality during data communication is favorable, gap intervals are not created by passing through a processing of gap interval creation. Further, if the data communication over the HS-DSCH is performed, the data communication over the HS-DSCH is continued. This prevents degradation of data transmission rate over a channel for high speed data transmission service, in the presence of a mobile terminal in a favorable reception quality area.

Abstract: A pleisiochronous repeater system and components thereof are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, a pleisiochronous repeater system component may be realized as a receiver circuit comprising a clock multiplier that multiplies a reference clock signal by an integer multiple to generate a data clock signal. The receiver circuit may also comprise a divider circuit that generates a timing reference signal having a frequency that is not an integer divisor of a frequency of the reference clock signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for informing changed link properties in a system in which a mobile node is communicating by IP (Internet Protocol) with a correspondent node and utilizing a first link layer configuration. A need to change link layer communication to use a second link layer configuration is detected. Property information indicating a link layer property applied or to be applied in communication utilizing the second link layer configuration is defined. The property information is transmitted to the correspondent node. At least one setting for communication between the correspondent node and the mobile node is adapted in the correspondent node on the basis of the received property information.

Abstract: A method for improving the sound quality of voice signals transmitted during a call between two digital wireless telephones by diverting the call from a circuit switched network to a data network is disclosed. In accordance with the present invention, a call setup procedure using the circuit switched network is modified so that the calling party may determine the following information: 1) whether the called party's digital wireless telephone is able to support one of the voice compression algorithms supported by the calling party's digital wireless telephone and 2) whether both wireless telephones have access to the same data network.

Abstract: A conference bridge adapter for processing data carried on a media path between, on the one hand, a conference bridge operative to communicate composite packets carrying media information and auxiliary information pertaining to the media information and, on the other hand, an endpoint characterized by an inability to exchange composite packets with the conference bridge. In one direction, a stream of composite packets is received from the bridge. An output media stream without auxiliary information is generated from the media information in each received composite packet. In the opposite direction, a stream of packets carrying only media information is received from the endpoint. Auxiliary information is derived from the media information and a stream of composite packets is generated by combining the media information and the auxiliary information. Thus, a media conference can be established between seemingly incompatible network elements.

Abstract: A cryptographic system, method, and device for implementing cryptographic functions designed to protect data is provided. The method includes (a) providing an algorithm processing unit, (b) executing a cryptographic algorithm at the algorithm processing unit using a first cryptographic datum and input data to form output data, (c) determining if a context switch command is received from a controller, (d) receiving a second cryptographic datum from a memory if the context switch command is received, (e) replacing the second cryptographic datum with the first cryptographic datum if the context switch command is received, and (f) repeating (b)-(e). The controller switches the processing state of the algorithm processing unit from one channel to another channel without leaking data between channels through execution of the operations each time a channel switch is selected. As a result, a single algorithm processing unit used with a controller can provide multiple independent levels of security.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the sizes of application layer messages in a network element such as a network switch or router. According to one aspect, the network element receives data packets and determines an original application layer message that is collectively contained in payload portions of the data packets. The network element compresses the original application layer message into a compressed message, and sends the compressed message toward an application that is hosted on a device other than the network element. According to another aspect, the network element receives data packets and determines a compressed message that is collectively contained in payload portions of the data packets. The network element decompresses the compressed message into an original application layer message, and sends the original application layer message toward an application that is hosted on a device other than the network element. Compressed messages consume less network bandwidth.

Abstract: An “adaptive audio playback controller” operates by decoding and reading received packets of an audio signal into a signal buffer. Samples of the decoded audio signal are then played out of the signal buffer according to the needs of a player device. Jitter control and packet loss concealment are accomplished by continuously analyzing buffer content in real-time, and determining whether to provide unmodified playback from the buffer contents, whether to compress buffer content, stretch buffer content, or whether to provide for packet loss concealment for overly delayed or lost packets as a function of buffer content. Further, the adaptive audio playback controller also determines where to stretch or compress particular frames or signal segments in the signal buffer, and how much to stretch or compress such segments in order to optimize perceived playback quality.

Abstract: An improved data compression system and method is disclosed. The data compression method uses smaller fixed bit words to represent streams of digital data. The fixed bit words are sent instead of the streams of digital data. A table relating the fixed bit words and streams of digital data is provided as a dictionary. Each entry has a node which is indexed in a stored index. As additional fixed bit words are established for new streams of digital data, older fixed bit words are deleted from the dictionary. The older fixed bit words are prevented from being deleted if they are used for subsequent streams of data. There are a number of methods to determine how the older fixed bit words are retained which are disclosed.

Abstract: A multi-carrier CDMA radio transmitting method replicates each information symbol and disposes thus-obtained information symbols along a frequency axis, multiplies the thus-obtained information symbols with a spreading code along the frequency axis, spreads the information symbols into components of a plurality of sub-carriers having different frequencies. The transmission rate of the information is changed by controlling the amount of information transmitted simultaneously by controlling the number of the information symbols to be used for spreading for the plurality of sub-carrier components for each user to which the information is to be transmitted.

Abstract: A multi-carrier CDMA radio transmitting method replicates each information symbol and disposes thus-obtained information symbols along a frequency axis, multiplies the thus-obtained information symbols with a spreading code along the frequency axis, spreads the information symbols into components of a plurality of sub-carriers having different frequencies. The transmission rate of the information is changed by controlling the amount of information transmitted simultaneously by controlling the number of the information symbols to be used for spreading for the plurality of sub-carrier components for each user to which the information is to be transmitted.

Abstract: A method includes receiving an original string of bits where each of the bits represents one of two possible logic levels. The string of bits also carries information. A new string is formed, based on the original string, which contains all of the information of the original string by using fewer bits of one of the logic levels.

Abstract: A method for energy based, non-uniform time-scale compression of audio signals includes receiving a frame of data corresponding to an input audio signal and segmenting the data into a plurality of segments. The method further includes estimating a value related to energy of the frame of data, determining a peak energy estimate for the frame, determining an energy threshold based on the peak energy estimate of the frame and comparing the value related to energy of the frame of the data with the energy threshold to control time-scale compression of the audio data.

Abstract: An adaptive compression mechanism that dynamically selects compression algorithms applied to network application traffic to improve performance. One implementation includes an arbitration scheme that reduces the impact on computing resources required to analyze different compression algorithms for different network applications. The adaptive compression functionality of the present invention can be integrated into network application traffic management or acceleration systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for communicating between an access endpoint and a mobile device endpoint comprising a network service center attached to the access endpoint. A memory stores a prototype corpus representing historical communication information. The network service center includes a processor to train the prototype corpus and create a plurality of records including a protocol trigger, training data and a user dictionary. The access endpoint sends the training data to endpoints to produce training data specific to classes of endpoints. The access endpoint and the mobile device endpoint communicate with one another, and the network service center collects communication data related to the communications interaction and stores the communication data in the memory. The processor generates feedback data based at least in part of the communication data. Advantages of the invention include the ability for network operators to optimize communication techniques based on network traffic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the transference of signaling frames on GERAN (GSM/EDGE radio Access Network) half rate channels utilizing a modulation scheme carrying n bits in one symbol. In order to be able to utilize the existing channel coding developed for channels with different modulations and to avoid high rate convolutional and block codes, the AMR signaling frame to be transferred is coded using a coding procedure defined for a GSM half rate channel utilizing a GMSK modulation scheme, the coding procedure outputting a coded output stream. In response to said coding, each bit of the coded output stream is repeated n times, whereby a repeated bit stream is obtained, and symbols to be transmitted are formed from the repeated bit stream.

Abstract: A frequency interpolation apparatus is provided which reproduces a signal similar to an original signal by approximately recovering suppressed frequency components, from an input signal having the suppressed frequency components in a specific frequency band of the original signal. The input signal is divided into a plurality of signal component sets each having frequency components in a frequency band among a plurality of frequency bands, and a signal component set in the band with the suppressed signal components is synthesized from the plurality of divided signal component sets and added to the input signal. Each of the plurality of divided signal component sets is frequency-converted to a signal component set in the same frequency band, and the signal component set in the band with the suppressed signal components is synthesized through linear combination of the frequency-converted signal component sets.

Abstract: Techniques for reducing overall information loss and processing costs due to data translation in a network populated with communicating data sources and sinks of multiple data representations is described. By employing an “optimization” technique for negotiating “least cost” data representations to be communicated between data source(s) and sink(s) where the “least cost” can be relative to, for example, fidelity requirements and processing costs of the system or the user of the system.

Abstract: A system that packetizes telephone calls using loss-less codecs for transmission over a communication link. The system includes a call admission control mechanism that admits calls for transmission over the communication link. An adaptive system which monitors bandwidth usage and which dynamically provides a feedback loop to the CAC system. The bandwidth allocation for transmission of the calls and the admission of calls is based upon actual bandwidth usage conditions in the system.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for conveying data packets in a network, comprising the steps of examining (S1, S2) whether a received data packet is encrypted, compressing (S3) the data packet in case it is examined that the data packet is not encrypted, and refraining form compressing (S4) in case it is examined that the data packet is encrypted. The invention also proposes a corresponding network element.

Abstract: In a secure method of deciding on a communication channel in a data decompression device, the compressor detects channels that vary from one frame to another, which are referred to as “active” channels. It transmits active and passive channels in a data block which also contains a state code locating the active data in the starting frame in order to be able to reconstitute it in the decompressor. A reference pattern is transmitted incorporating the passive channels and a majority vote statistical analysis is applied to the states of the passive channels to decide on the state (0 or 1) of each bit constituting the pattern repeated by each passive channel. One particular application of the method is to a satellite telecommunication system.