Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for monitoring optical communications between a managed location and a remote location. In particular, an optical signal is transmitted over an optical fiber and passed-through a test device. A portion of the optical signal is filtered from the original optical signal and passed to a monitoring unit. The monitoring unit may instruct one or more switches in the test device to loop the optical signal back toward the managed location. Subsequently, testing and monitoring may be performed at the managed location. The device may provide a test output or may transmit the information to the managed location.

Abstract: An ONU receiving an optical signal from an OLT including PON controllers includes: an optical receiver to convert, into an electric signal, an optical signal having a single optical wavelength set out of plural optical wavelengths; and a control frame extractor to extract and hold wavelength correspondence information indicating correspondence between MAC addresses of the PON controllers received from the OLT and the optical wavelengths.

Abstract: An optical element is to be coupled to a second device by the second electrical link. The particular optical element is further to receive a first signal from the second device over a first inbound lane of the second electrical link, receive a second signal from the second device over a second inbound lane of the second electrical link, and multiplex the first and second signals on a particular optical link to send the first and second signals to the first device.

Abstract: Input/output (I/O) operation requests from pageable storage mode guests are interpreted without host intervention. In a pageable mode virtual environment, requests issued by pageable storage mode guests are processed by one or more processors of the environment absent intervention from one or more hosts of the environment. Processing of the requests includes manipulating, by at least one processor on behalf of the guests, buffer state information stored in host storage. The manipulating is performed via instructions initiated by the guests and processed by one or more of the processors.

Abstract: A method of communicating count value information in an Optical Transport Network (OTN) signal frame. The method comprises determining a count value indicating a number of payload bytes to be sent in a next OTN signal frame; determining that a change in the count value (?) with respect to a current count value is within a predetermined range; selecting an inversion pattern indicating the change in the count value; determining a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code associated with the inversion pattern; and, inserting the inversion pattern and the CRC code in a Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) overhead of the OTN signal frame.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to optical fiber transmission systems, and in particular, pertains to the transceiver cards in an optical fiber transport system. In particular the disclosure teaches an improved transceiver card architecture that allows high density, flexibility and interchangeability of functionality.

Abstract: A system improves bandwidth used by a data stream. The system receives data from the data stream and partitions the data into bursts. At least one of the bursts includes one or more idles. The system selectively removes the idles from the at least one burst and transmits the bursts, including the at least one burst.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to a system for use with a coverage area in which one or more wireless units wirelessly transmit using a wireless radio frequency spectrum. The system comprises a first unit, and a plurality of second units communicatively coupled to the first unit using at least one communication medium. Each of the plurality of second units generates respective digital RF samples indicative of a respective analog wireless signal received at that second unit. Each of the plurality of second units communicates the respective digital RF samples generated by that second unit to the first unit using the at least one communication medium. The first unit digitally sums corresponding digital RF samples received from the plurality of second units to produce summed digital RF samples. The system is configured so that an input used for base station processing is derived from the resulting summed digital RF samples.

Abstract: Methods for dynamic bandwidth allocation among optical networks units for upstream transmission, performed by an optical line terminal of a passive optical network, which compensate for unused guaranteed bandwidth, which compensate for inability to use allocated bandwidth due to lack of data frame fragmentation, and which provide fair bandwidth allocation between mixed high transmission rate and low transmission rate optical network units.

Abstract: Methods and systems for mobile phone location within a digital distributed antenna system (DAS) are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises: receiving a request for location services from a subscriber unit located within a digital DAS, the digital DAS including a first partition of bandwidth for transporting digitized RF signals of one or more modulated signals and a second partition of bandwidth for an Ethernet pipe transporting IP formatted data; routing the request for location services to a subscriber locator center; instructing locator receivers within a geographical area of the digital DAS to listen for a signal from the subscriber unit; listening for the signal at a first locator receiver; when the signal is observed, recording a time the signal was received and generating subscriber unit ranging data; and transmitting subscriber unit ranging data back to the subscriber locator center in an IP formatted message via the Ethernet pipe.

Abstract: A method to transmit and receive Internet protocol data packets comprising running an Internet protocol application, outputting an Internet protocol data packet based on the running of the Internet protocol application and transmitting the Internet protocol data packet via a physical layer compliant with Ethernet first mile standards.

Abstract: A synchronous optical network (SONET) framer includes a frame dimension unit and a programming interface. The frame dimension unit can be programmed with a frame dimension through the programming interface. The SONET framer converts a data stream to and/or from a frame format based on the frame dimension programmed into the frame dimension unit. For instance, in various embodiments, a SONET framer can be programmed to support a variety of SONET frame sizes and to provide a number of testing and design advantages.

Abstract: Methods and systems for mobile phone location within a digital distributed antenna system (DAS) are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises: receiving a request for location services from a subscriber unit located within a digital DAS, the digital DAS including a first partition of bandwidth for transporting digitized RF signals of one or more modulated signals and a second partition of bandwidth for an Ethernet pipe transporting IP formatted data; routing the request for location services to a subscriber locator center; instructing locator receivers within a geographical area of the digital DAS to listen for a signal from the subscriber unit; listening for the signal at a first locator receiver; when the signal is observed, recording a time the signal was received and generating subscriber unit ranging data; and transmitting subscriber unit ranging data back to the subscriber locator center in an IP formatted message via the Ethernet pipe.

Abstract: A method of communicating count value information in an Optical Transport Network (OTN) signal frame. The method comprises determining a count value indicating a number of payload bytes to be sent in a next OTN signal frame; determining that a change in the count value (?) with respect to a current count value is within a predetermined range; selecting an inversion pattern indicating the change in the count value; determining a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code associated with the inversion pattern; and, inserting the inversion pattern and the CRC code in a Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) overhead of the OTN signal frame.

Abstract: A digital radio frequency transport system that performs bi-directional simultaneous digital radio frequency distribution is provided. The transport system includes a digital host unit and at least two digital remote units coupled to the digital host unit. The bi-directional simultaneous digital radio frequency distribution is performed between the digital host unit and the at least two digital remote units.

Abstract: Link delay is determined in a network comprising a plurality of nodes by identifying pairs of nodes associated with a given link, and, for each of the identified pairs, setting up a virtually-concatenated group (VCG) between the nodes of that pair. The VCGs are utilized to make delay measurements, and the delay measurements are processed to determine delay of the given link. In an illustrative embodiment, the VCGs comprise two-member VCGs with the members being routed on opposite sides of a logical ring. For a given one of these two-member VCGs, a differential delay measurement is made at a particular one of the associated nodes by comparing frame indicator fields for concurrently arriving frames. A system of equations is generated based on the differential delay measurements made utilizing the VCGs, and the system of equations is solved to obtain information utilizable to determine delay of the given link.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficiently allowing protection switch information to be communicated on bidirectional lines are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for communicating protection switch information from a first network element to a second network element across bidirectional links that include at least one working line and a protection line involves obtaining a generic framing procedure GFP frame at the first network element. The GFP frame has a payload area with a client payload field. The method also includes defining a command field associated with the GFP frame that is in the payload area but not in the client payload field, and storing protection switch information in the command field.

Abstract: A ring network element and the ring network architectures it enables. According to one embodiment of the invention, a single network element includes a full TDM cross-connect and a multiple ring unit. The full TDM cross-connect is coupled to very line card slot in the single network element with the same amount of bandwidth connection. In addition, the full TDM cross-connect is programmable on an STS-1 basis. The multiple ring unit allows for the simultaneous support of multiple TDM rings.

Abstract: It is often required to send a plurality of streams of data in parallel between two network nodes in a synchronous transmission network and also to maintain a particular alignment between those streams of data. This is particularly required when the streams of data are to be transmitted over a wide area network, for example, for data mirroring applications. Virtual concatenation is used for each of the individual data streams as known in the art and in addition, the individual virtual concatenation processes are synchronized or co-ordinated. At a destination node it is then possible to realign the individual data streams with respect to one another.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to optical fiber transmission systems, and in particular, pertains to the transceiver cards in an optical fiber transport system. In particular the disclosure teaches an improved transceiver card architecture that allows high density, flexibility and interchangeability of functionality.

Abstract: A transmission method in which a first signal frame, carrying a payload in a first part of the signal frame and second information in a second part of the signal frame, is transmitted intact between a signal source and a signal destination by copying the second information into the first part of at least one additional signal frame, transmitting both frames between the signal source and the signal destination and, at the destination, reconstructing the first signal frame by retrieving its original second information from the first part or parts of the additional signal frame or frames and placing the retrieved second information in the second part of the first signal frame. A typical application of the transmission method lies in its use in an SDH transmission system.

Abstract: A method for processing overheads in an optical communication system and a signal processing device are disclosed. The method includes: in a receiving direction, conduct an O/E and S/P conversion for the received optical signal, extract overheads necessary for overheads processing; transmit the overheads in serial; conduct an S/P conversion of the overheads, add fixed reserved overheads, and revert the parallel overheads for overheads processing; in a transmitting direction, generate parallel overheads, extract overheads necessary for overheads processing; transmit the overheads in serial; conduct an S/P conversion of the overheads, revert the overheads, synthesize the overheads with the payload data before the P/S and E/O conversion, and generate and transmit the optical signal. In accordance with the disclosed method and device, a serial bus is employed to transmit overheads, which reduces the number of buses on the motherboard and lowers the complexity of system design.

Abstract: System and methods are provided for creating a topology of a communications network. One embodiment includes receiving a first instance of topology information at one or more integration sources and determining if the first instance of topology information includes a portion of topology information on a span of the communications network by the one or more integration sources. If the first instance of topology information only includes the portion of topology information, then receiving, at the one or more integration sources a second instance of topology information, and supplementing the first instance with the second instance of topology information to form complete topology information of the span of the communications network by the one or more integration sources and transferring the complete topology information to a topology data structure.

Abstract: A 3 fiber line switched ring (3FLSR) provides protection for (optical) transmission networking wherein N nodes are connected via 3 lines (or optical fibers) in a ring topology. Two of the three fibers form a main transmission line and may transmit in one direction in the ring whereas the third might transmit in the opposite direction. This architecture of the 3FLSR provides a dual protection scheme, including a bi-directional line switching coupled with a unidirectional line switching. Traffic is categorized based on the level of protection available for the particular traffic type. The first two transmitting fibers form a bi-directional ring, carrying primary and secondary traffic which can survive 2 and 1 failures on the ring respectively. The third fiber may form a unidirectional ring, carrying additional traffic that can be pre-empted in case of multiple failures in the bi-directional ring. The 3FLSR enables reconfiguration of existing 2/4 fiber rings and conforms to applicable standards.

Abstract: A device and method for interfacing with an advanced switching (AS) platform is provided. In the uplink direction the device includes: a line side interface processing module, which receives SDH/SONET frames and conducts frame header searching and descrambling; a de-framing processing module, which de-frames the descrambled frames to obtain the payloads; a packaging module, which packages the obtained payloads into AS packets according to the packet format of the AS platform and transmits the AS packets to the AS platform through the AS interface processing module. In the downlink direction the device includes: an AS interface processing module, which receives AS packets switched by the AS platform; an un-packaging module, which conducts un-packaging to obtain the payloads of the AS packets; a mapping module, which maps the payloads into SDH/SONET frames; a line side interface processing module, which scrambles the SDH/SONET frames and transmits the frames to the SDH/SONET network.

Abstract: Apparatus (D1) is dedicated to processing STM-n/STS-m type data frames in a communications network. It comprises at least one STM-n/STS-m interface unit (LIU1) adapted to receive STM-n/STS-m type data frames from a communications network and processor means (MTj) adapted, on receiving data from an STM-n/STS-m frame coming from said line interface unit (LIU1): i) to segment the whole of said received frame into m groups of p successive bytes; ii) then to associate with each group a control header containing data representing its position within the STM-n/STS-m frame; and iii) to encapsulate each group and the associated control header in a payload data field of an Ethernet frame.

Abstract: A high-speed Ethernet using Thin SONET technology as the physical layer carrier makes use the large embedded base of SONET equipment, and is a step forward in integrating WANs, MANs and LANs. The HS Ethernet also takes advantage or current SONET functionality, such as framing, scrambling, integrity, etc. FEC fields are provided in the TOH for achieving a high level of error correction. The HS Ethernet frame comprises a length-type field generated at the PCS sublayer and a HEC field generated at the PMA layer. The frames are routed within a network using the source address, the destination address and a label.

Abstract: A method for signal transporting in an optical transport network comprises: presetting frame structures for an optical channel payload unit OPUx and an optical channel data unit ODUx of a 5G-path transporting constant-bit-rate CBR5G rate-level signals in an optical channel layer; and according to the frame structures of the optical channel payload unit OPUx and the optical channel data unit ODUx, mapping and multiplexing the constant-bit-rate CBR5G rate-level signals to the optical channel layer of the optical transport network for transport through the optical transport network. The present invention also discloses a corresponding device for signal transporting. Since there are provided OPUx/ODUx/OTUx for transporting CBR5G rate-level signals in the OTN, thus enabling transparent transport of the CBRG5 signals in the OTN as well as direct scheduling, supervision and management on the CBR5G signals in the OTN.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficiently allowing protection switch information to be communicated on bidirectional lines are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for communicating protection switch information from a first network element to a second network element across bidirectional links that include at least one working line and a protection line involves obtaining a generic framing procedure GFP frame at the first network element. The GFP frame has a payload area with a client payload field. The method also includes defining a command field associated with the GFP frame that is in the payload area but not in the client payload field, and storing protection switch information in the command field.

Abstract: A method and a device for mapping and demapping a client signal are provided. The method for mapping a client signal includes: dividing a part or all of a payload area of an Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU) or Optical channel Data Tributary Unit (ODTU) into several sub-blocks, in which the sub-blocks have a size of N bytes, and N is greater than or equal to 1; and mapping a client signal to be transported to the sub-blocks of the payload area with an N-byte granularity. In the technical solutions, when the client signal is mapped, block mapping of the client signal is performed by using a mapping granularity of a block, so that the complexity of the mapping process of the client signal can be reduced, thereby meeting requirements of multi-rate services.

Abstract: A synchronous optical network (SONET) framer includes a frame dimension unit and a programming interface. The frame dimension unit can be programmed with a frame dimension through the programming interface. The SONET framer converts a data stream to and/or from a frame format based on the frame dimension programmed into the frame dimension unit. For instance, in various embodiments, a SONET framer can be programmed to support a variety of SONET frame sizes and to provide a number of testing and design advantages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mixed analog and digital chip-scale reconfigurable WDM network. The network suitably includes a router that enables rapidly configurable wavelength selective routers of fiber optic data. The router suitably incorporates photonic wavelength selective optical add/drop filters and multiplexers.

Abstract: High-speed, high-performance, low-power transponders, serializers and deserializers are disclosed. A serializer may include a serdes framer interface (SFI) circuit, a clock multiplier unit, and a multiplexing circuit. A deserializer may include an input receiver circuit for receiving and adjusting an input data signal, a clock and data recovery circuit (CDR) for recovering clock and data signals, a demultiplexing circuit for splitting one or more data channels into a higher number of data channels, and a serdes framer interface (SFI) circuit for generating a reference channel and generating output data channels to be sent to a framer. The input receiver circuit may include a limiting amplifier. Each of the serializer and deserializer may further include a pseudo random pattern generator and error checker unit. The serializer and deserializer each may be integrated into its respective semiconductor chip or both may be integrated into a single semiconductor chip.

Abstract: An optical network and method for managing a service across an optical network over a dedicated circuit between first and second service termination points include generating a service performance report message (PRM) at each service termination point. Each service PRM has service-specific information related to a performance of the service as determined by the service termination point generating that service PRM. Each service PRM identifies the service to which the service-specific information in that service PRM pertains. Each service termination point transmits the service PRM generated by that service termination point across the optical network over the dedicated circuit to the other service termination point through a service management channel of an optical transport facility.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for adapting plesiochronous hierarchical layered data to produce synchronous hierarchical layered data. Similarly, the invention comprises a method and apparatus for adapting synchronous hierarchical layered data to produce plesiochronous hierarchical layered data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for dynamically and losslessly adjusting bandwidth of an embedded Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) ring network, in which dynamic and lossless bandwidth adjustment for an RPR ring network embedded in a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)/Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) can be realized through adding a Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) system in the SDH/SONET processing layer. When it is required to increase ring network bandwidth, the bandwidth of the link section between sites on the SDH/SONET processing layer is first increased. Then the LCAS system in the SDH/SONET processing layer is started, and the actual bandwidth of the link on the SDH/SONET processing layer is increased losslessly with the LCAS system. Finally the bandwidth of the ring network on the RPR processing layer is increased. When it is required to decrease ring network bandwidth, the bandwidth of the ring network on the RPR processing layer is first decreased.

Abstract: An Ethernet PHY hardware device supports Ethernet MAC SDH/SONET Automatic Protection Switching (APS) functionality for managing protection from failures and recovery from failures on an Ethernet network. An Ethernet PHY sublayer stored on the Ethernet PHY hardware device is configured to monitor working and protect channels and generate an interrupt upon detection of a hard failure or a soft failure. Upon detection of port failures or link failures, the Ethernet PHY sublayer generates the interrupt to invoke an Ethernet MAC Client APS Controller configured to generate and terminate APS requests on working and protect channels to manage protection of working and protect channels from failures and recovery from failures on the Ethernet network. The Ethernet PHY hardware device is configurable for use with a plurality of different network topologies to manage protection from hard or soft failures and recovery from hard or soft failures on the Ethernet network using the Ethernet PHY sublayer.

Abstract: In order to facilitate the transport of 1 Gbit/s Ethernet signals over an Optical Transport Network using the Optical Transport Hierarchy as specified by ITU-T G.709, a new OTH entity referred to as Optical Channel Data Unit-0 (ODU0, 101) with a capacity of approximately 1.22 Gbit/s is defined. This new entity fits perfectly into the existing OTH multiplexing structure, allowing the transport of two times a 1 Gbit/s Ethernet client layer signal within the capacity of one ODU1 (110), while being individually switchable. A 1 Gbit/s Ethernet signal (102) can be mapped into the ODU0 payload (103) using the Transparent Generic Framing Procedure (GFP-T) encapsulation technique as specified in Rec. G.7041.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for providing bandwidth-on-demand telecommunications services over next-generation optical transport networks (NG-OTN). One embodiment of a system providing bandwidth-on-demand services includes a next-generation optical transport network (NG-OTN) having an intelligent control plane (ICP) and new-generation synchronous optical network (NG-SONET) capabilities. A next-generation operation support subsystem (NG-OSS) is communicatively coupled to the NG-OTN. The NG-OTN and the NG-OSS are configured to provide the bandwidth-on-demand services.

Abstract: The invention is relevant to optical fiber transmission systems, and in particular, pertains to the transceiver cards in an optical fiber transport system. In particular the invention teaches an improved transceiver card architecture that allows high density, flexibility and interchangeability of functionality.

Abstract: The techniques described herein allow a more efficient transmuxing operation for transferring data from a synchronous domain (e.g., SONET) to a plesiochronous (e.g., PDH) domain as compared to the prior art, in which extraction of data streams, jitter filtering and stuff bit generation are processed separately. The techniques described herein include extraction of data from the plesiochronous data stream without complete extraction of the underlying native data stream. Filtering is performed based on synchronous timing, which results in a simpler filter design.

Abstract: A method and circuitry for detecting a pattern in received data such as the A1A2 boundary in a SONET frame after deserialization. Two consecutive pluralities of bytes of incoming data are stored and compared with the A1 and A2 values (or bit shifted versions of the A1 and A2 values) until the boundary is detected. The data are then bit shifted so that every byte on the bus is either A2 or A1. A new aligned data bus is then formed such that the last A1 bit occurs on the data bus for a given clock cycle and the first A2 bit occurs on the data bus during the next clock cycle.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for interfacing high-layer applications to Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) on Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) edge nodes. These applications include high-level control protocols, such as Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) and Optical Switching and Routing Protocol (OSRP), and user-initiated cross-connect creation and termination. The present invention provides a mechanism that is capable of mapping SONET/SDH connections to Virtual Concatenated Groups (VCGs), thus enabling an efficient interface for operators to control and manage the connections via LCAS. As part of the mechanism, the existing LCAS protocol state machine is enhanced such that the operators can shut down bi-directional SONET/SDH flows from a single edge node, as opposed to from both source and sink nodes, as provided for by existing specifications.

Abstract: A transmission device, which carries out a route control of a frame based on a label included in the frame in a ring network, includes: a generating unit that generates a message for collecting information on first/second labels allocatable to working/standby routes; a transmitting unit that transmits the message in the ring network; a receiving unit that receives the message after being circulated in the ring network; and a selecting unit that selects one of the first/second labels for the working/standby route based on the information included in the message.

Abstract: A communication method between the units of a distributed base station system, characterized by comprising: at the transmitting end, mapping a CPRI link to a GFP-T frame; encapsulating the GFP-T frame into SDH virtual containers to form a STM-N frame; and transmitting the STM-N frame via a SDH line, and at the receiving end, receiving the STM-N frame transmitted via the SDH line; separating the SDH virtual containers from the STM-N frame; extracting the GFP-T frame from the SDH virtual containers; reproducing the CPRI link from the GFP-T frame.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for sending and receiving the network management messages and/or the control messages, that is, using GFP protocol in stead of conventional LAPD protocol, predetermining the mapping relationship between the values of UPI field in GFP protocol and the types of the data including the network management messages and/or the control messages, furthermore, filling the UPI field of GFP protocol based on the corresponding mapping relationship, encapsulating the network management messages and/or the control messages via GFP protocol into SDH/SONET, PDH or OTN, and transmitting the encapsulated data. GFP protocol is a universal protocol, allowing for inter-operation of the network management messages and the control messages between the equipments of different manufacturers.

Abstract: A method for a communications network with a protect channel transmitting protect channel data and working channel transmitting working channel data includes transmitting the working channel data via the protect channel upon a disruption in the working channel, and restoring the transmitting of protect channel data, wherein the restoring includes applying a mesh restoration protocol to the communications network to restore the transmittal of the protect channel data. The restoring includes finding one or more alternate channels to transmit the protect channel data, the one or more alternate channels including connected working and protect channels.

Abstract: A digital radio frequency transport system that performs bi-directional simultaneous digital radio frequency distribution is provided. The transport system includes a digital host unit and at least two digital remote units coupled to the digital host unit. The bi-directional simultaneous digital radio frequency distribution is performed between the digital host unit and the at least two digital remote units.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a loss of alignment defect in a communications network employing virtually concatenated payloads is provided. The method and apparatus comprise performing specific evaluations and assessments of conditions under normal conditions as well as evaluations and assessments under LCAS conditions where additional members may be added using the LCAS ADD state.

Abstract: Network elements of a first synchronous transport network are to be connected to one another via a second synchronous transport network. For this purpose a frame (STM-4) to be transmitted, including the unchanged overhead sections (MS-OH, RS-OH, AU-PTR) thereof, is packed as payload in a concatenation (VC-4-5v) of newly formed multiplex units (VC-4v) and transmitted in newly formed transport modules via the second transport network.