Abstract: Within examples, a laser includes a first electrode and a second electrode; a first transport layer and a second transport layer that are between the first electrode and the second electrode; a gain layer positioned between the first transport layer and the second transport layer, where the gain layer comprises a material having a Perovskite crystal structure; and a substrate on which the first electrode, the second electrode, the first transport layer, the second transport layer, and the gain layer are formed, where a distributed feedback (DFB) waveguide is formed within the first transport layer, and where the laser is configured such that a current flowing through the gain layer between the first electrode and the second electrode causes the gain layer to emit coherent light. Examples also include methods for fabricating the laser, as well as additional lasers and methods for forming those lasers.

Abstract: Embodiments may relate to a microelectronic package that includes a package substrate with an active bridge positioned therein. An active die may be coupled with the package substrate, and communicatively coupled with the active bridge. A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) may also be coupled with the package substrate and communicatively coupled with the active bridge. Other embodiments may be described or claimed.

Abstract: A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser includes a substrate. A first mirror is disposed on the substrate. An active layer is disposed on the first mirror. An oxide layer is disposed on the active layer. An aperture is disposed on the active layer. The aperture is surrounded by the oxide layer. A second mirror is disposed on the aperture and the oxide layer. A high-contrast grating is disposed on the second mirror. The high-contrast grating includes a first grating element and a second grating element, and the first grating element and the second grating element are spaced apart from each other with an air gap therebetween. A passivation layer is disposed on the high-contrast grating. A first thickness of the passivation layer on a top surface of the first grating element is greater than a second thickness of the passivation layer on a first sidewall of the first grating element.

Abstract: System and method configured for real-time, direct, all-optical methodology of measurement of a temporal profile of optical field. In one case, such measurement is carried out by recording electronic delay response of a target material system triggered by a strong driving optical field (in particular—by pulsed light with sub-femtosecond pulses containing a few cycles of optical field each). A corresponding all-optical metrological tool configured to operate with (sub-)femtosecond resolution. Demonstration of the on-demand sub-femtosecond electron motion control in solid-state with the use of synthesized waveforms of optical field.

Abstract: An electrical pumping vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (EP-VECSEL) device. The device may comprise a bottom contact, a first distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) disposed on the bottom contact, and an active region comprising a plurality of emitters, disposed on the first DBR configured to accept an electrical current at multiple emitters on the active region such that the multiple emitters produce a plurality of lasers. The multiple emitters may be configured to form a desired Hermite Gaussian (HG) mode shape. The device may further comprise a second DBR disposed on the active region and a top contact disposed on the second DBR. The top contact may be shaped such that the plurality of lasers are directed through the top contact. The device may further comprise an array output coupler disposed optically in line with the top contact such that the plurality of lasers are directed into the array output coupler.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to optomechanically couple light to a crystal structure, thereby producing stable, coherent bulk acoustic modes within the structure. In some embodiments, a resonator may comprise a plano-convex crystal structure to which pump light may be applied. The pump light may transfer energy to acoustic phonon modes of the crystal structure so as to create acoustic phonon modes with a coherence length greater than a length of the crystal structure. High frequency and high quality factor resonators may thereby be produced and operated.

Abstract: A sensor system comprises a laser source that emits a pump beam at a first wavelength and a probe beam at a second wavelength, and an optical means for receiving the pump and probe beams. The optical means is operative to generate a plurality of light beams, each having a different frequency, from the pump and probe beams. One or more cells receive the light beams from the optical means and allow passage of the light beams therethrough, with the cells containing alkali atoms. A dichroic filter is configured to receive the light beams from the cells. The dichroic filter separates pump beam light and probe beam light from the light beams. A detector array receives the probe beam light from the dichroic filter. The detector array includes a two-dimensional array of photosensors that map out transmission of respective light beams corresponding to the probe beam light through the cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a system for monitoring microcirculation. The system may include a detector, a light source, and a lens set. The detector is inserted under a tongue of a user along a sagittal axis direction of the user; the light source is disposed on a surface of the detector in contact with a bottom surface of the tongue of the user and is configured to emit a light source signal to a target region under the tongue; and the lens set is disposed within the detector for receiving a detection signal from the target region. The detection signal is emitted into the detector along a vertical axis direction of the user and emitted out from the detector along the sagittal axis direction of the user.

Abstract: A laser system involving coupled distributed resonators disposed serially, with the lasing gain medium located in the main resonator and the output of that resonator being directed into a free space resonator, such that the main resonator output mirror is effectively the free space resonator. The distributed resonators end mirrors are retroreflectors. Interference occurs between light traveling towards the remote mirror of the free space resonator and light reflected therefrom, generating regions of high reflectivity. The coupling of the free space resonator to the regions of high reflectivity of the free space resonator enables the first resonator to lase efficiently, even though the true reflectivity of the main resonator output mirror outside of those regions is insufficient to enable efficient lasing, if at all. This coupled resonator structure enables lasing to occur with a high field of view and the high gain engendered by the high reflectivity regions.

Abstract: Certain implementations of the disclosed technology may include active marker devices, retrofits, systems, and methods for determining the position of interventional devices under MRI. A marker device is provided that utilizes an optical fiber, an acousto-optical sensor region that includes an electro-mechanical conversion assembly, and one or more antenna(e) The one or more antennae are configured to receive MRI radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic energy and produce a corresponding electrical signal corresponding to the position. The acousto-optical sensor region may include a resonator and may be modulated by acoustic waves generated responsive to the electrical signal received from the one or more antennae The acousto-optical sensor region may be interrogated by light via the optical fiber to determine the position of the device for providing an active marker in the MRI image.

Abstract: In some implementations, an emitter array may include a substrate, an epitaxial structure on the substrate, a plurality of bottom-emitting emitters defined in the epitaxial structure, a first electrical contact positioned at a top side of the epitaxial structure, a second electrical contact positioned at the top side of the epitaxial structure, and a metal layer disposed on a bottom side of the substrate. The metal layer may be electrically connected to the second electrical contact. The metal layer may include one or more openings for light emission of the plurality of bottom-emitting emitters.

Abstract: A pulse analysis system or method includes a frequency filter that receives an ultrafast pulse under test and disperses the pulse under test over a frequency range. The frequency filter separates the pulse under test into component frequency slices and provides the frequency slices to a detector coupled to a digitizer, which processes the digitized signal and collects a sonogram characteristic of the pulse under test. The frequency slices are arranged to overlap. Ptychography is performed on the sonogram to obtain characteristics of the pulse under test.

Abstract: A laser system and method generate milliwatt-power pump light by a fiber-coupled laser diode with a single-mode integrated fiber housed in a pump enclosure. The milliwatt-power pump light is conveyed from the single-mode integrated fiber out of the first enclosure into one end of a single-mode fiber cable that is external to the pump enclosure. The milliwatt-power pump light is conveyed from an opposite end of the external single-mode fiber cable into one end of a single-mode resident fiber disposed internally within a laser-head enclosure. A crystal housed in the laser-head enclosure is pumped with the milliwatt-power pump light that exits into free space from an opposite end of the single-mode resident fiber onto a face of the crystal, to produce stable milliwatt-power single-mode laser light having a frequency stability of less than 3 MHz per minute. The stable milliwatt-power single-mode laser light is emitted from the laser-head enclosure.

Abstract: An optical device has a gallium and nitrogen containing substrate including a surface region and a strain control region, the strain control region being configured to maintain a quantum well region within a predetermined strain state. The device also has a plurality of quantum well regions overlying the strain control region.

Abstract: Additive manufacturing devices and methods for the same are provided. The additive manufacturing device may include a stage configured to support a substrate, a printhead disposed above the stage, and a targeted heating system disposed proximal the printhead. The printhead may be configured to heat a build material to a molten build material and deposit the molten build material on the substrate in the form of droplets to fabricate the article. The targeted heating system may be configured to control a temperature or temperature gradient of the droplets deposited on the substrate, an area proximal the substrate, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method of, and module for, converting position or momentum correlation of correlated photon pairs to a polarization entangled photon pair, and a source for polarization entangled photon pairs. The method comprises a conversion step of separating the correlated photon pairs into first and second groups based on their generated position at the crystal (position correlation) or their direction about the propagation axis (momentum correlation) and rotating a polarization of the first correlated photon pair group such that the polarization of the first correlated pair group is at 90 degrees relative to the polarization of the second correlated photon pair group; and a combining step of combining the first and second correlated photon pairs such that at least respective portions of respective spatial distributions of the first and second photon pair groups overlap with negligible wavelength dependent phase difference.

Abstract: The disclosure relates in some aspects to providing miniature power-efficient agile photonic generators of microwave waveforms. Illustrative examples use chip lasers integrated in close thermal proximity with one another to provide a miniature microwave arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). Due to the small size of the lasers and the close integration, common ambient fluctuations from the environment or other sources can be efficiently reduced, yielding improved spectral purity of generated radio-frequency (RF) signals. Tight physical integration also permits a small device footprint with minimal acceleration sensitivity. The lasers may be locked to cavities or other resonators to allow efficient decoupling of the frequency and amplitude modulation of the lasers to provide flexibility to the waveform generator. Exemplary devices described herein can produce frequency chirped signals for radar applications. The frequency chirp may be linear and/or nonlinear. Tuning methods are also described herein.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for measuring the mechanical properties of ocular tissue, such as the lens or corneal tissue, for diagnosis as well as treatment monitoring purposes. A laser locking feedback system is provided to achieve frequency accuracy and sensitivity that facilitates operations and diagnosis with great sensitivity and accuracy. Differential comparisons between eye tissue regions of a patient, either on the same eye or a fellow eye, can further facilitate early diagnosis and monitoring.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser is provided with: an active layer that excites a transverse electric (TE) mode and a transverse magnetic (TM) mode of light and constitutes at least a part of a resonator guiding the TE mode and the TM mode of light; and a diffraction grating as a frequency difference setting structure that sets the difference in oscillation frequency between the TE mode and the TM mode of light higher than a relaxation-oscillation frequency.

Abstract: A method and a system for measurement of high laser field intensity, the method comprising tight focusing a non-Gaussian azimuthally polarized laser mode beam to a focusing spot, measuring a spectral line shape of a selected ionization state induced by a longitudinal oscillating magnetic field created by the tight focusing in the focusing spot; and determining the laser intensity from the spectral line shape.

Abstract: A method and system for determining a photon statistics of a light source using an unbalanced beam-splitter is disclosed. The method includes collecting data for photon counts for a first output path and a second output path by a first detector and a second detector, respectively, for a first time period, a first power level, and a first characteristic and collecting data for photon counts for the first output path and the second output path by the first detector and the second detector, respectively, for a second time period, a second power level, and a second characteristic; and processing outputs of the first and the second detector to determine the photon statistics.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion apparatus using a nonlinear optical medium having a periodically poled structure is operated at an optimal temperature in a stable manner. The wavelength conversion apparatus includes a wavelength converter using a nonlinear optical medium and a controller for controlling temperature of the wavelength converter. The wavelength conversion apparatus further includes a first optical branch coupler for branching part of output light from the wavelength converter, and first and second wavelength separation filters for separating and outputting, from part of the output light, each of two light components generated by parametric fluorescence in the wavelength converter. The controller controls the temperature of the wavelength converter on the basis of difference in light intensity of the two light components.

Abstract: A pulse analysis system or method includes a frequency filter that receives an ultrafast pulse under test and disperses the pulse under test over a frequency range. The frequency filter separates the pulse under test into component frequency slices and provides the frequency slices to a detector coupled to a digitizer, which processes the digitized signal and collects a sonogram characteristic of the pulse under test. The frequency slices are arranged to overlap. Ptychography is performed on the sonogram to obtain characteristics of the pulse under test.

Abstract: An optical frequency conversion method, apparatus, and device are provided. Micro-nano fibers and guiding fibers are cascaded, to change an optical frequency conversion manner from using a long micro-nano fiber as a frequency conversion medium to cascading a first quantity of shorter micro-nano fibers and a second quantity of guiding fibers to perform optical frequency conversion. A length of each micro-nano fiber is not greater than a coherence length of a fundamental-frequency pump light signal and a frequency-tripled light signal. The frequency-tripled light generated by cascaded micro-nano fibers is coherently superposed. A phase difference between frequency-tripled light components is controlled by adjusting incident power of the fundamental-frequency pump light, to achieve constructive interference, thereby significantly enhancing the frequency-tripled light signal and effectively improving the optical frequency conversion efficiency.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light generation system includes: a chamber; a target generation unit; a laser system configured to output a first pre-pulse laser beam, a second pre-pulse laser beam, and a main pulse laser beam so that fluence of the first pre-pulse laser beam is 1.5 J/cm2 to 16 J/cm2 inclusive at a position where a target is irradiated with the first pre-pulse laser beam; and a control unit configured to control the laser system so that a first delay time from a timing of irradiation of the target with the first pre-pulse laser beam to a timing of irradiation with the second pre-pulse laser beam and a second delay time from the timing of irradiation of the target with the second pre-pulse laser beam to a timing of irradiation with the main pulse laser beam have a following relation: the first delay time<the second delay time.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit comprises an input interface adapted for receiving an optical input signal and splitting it into two distinct polarization modes and furthermore adapted for rotating the polarization of one of the modes for providing the splitted signals in a common polarization mode. The PIC also comprises a combiner adapted for combining the first mode signal and the second mode signal into a combined signal and a decohering means adapted for transforming at least one of the first mode signal and the second mode signal such that the first mode signal and the second mode signal are received by the combiner in a mutually incoherent state. A processing component for receiving and processing said combined signal is also comprised.

Abstract: A semiconductor or integrated circuit block including a sense node and a converter circuit, in which the sense node develops a low frequency electrical parameter that is constant or varies at a frequency below a predetermined frequency level, and in which the converter circuit converts the low frequency electrical parameter into an alternating electrical parameter having a frequency at or above the predetermined frequency level sufficient to modulate a laser beam focused within a laser probe area of the converter circuit. The converter may include a ring oscillator, a switch circuit controlled by a clock enable signal, a capacitor having a charge rate based on the low frequency electrical parameter, etc. The laser probe area has a frequency level based on a level of the low frequency electrical parameter to modulate the reflected laser beam for measurement of the electrical parameter by a laser voltage probe test system.

Abstract: A disclosed illumination apparatus includes first and second light sources that generate light for an illumination area to be illuminated; a first substrate on which the first and second light sources are mounted; and a second substrate that is disposed in an illumination direction of the light of the first and second light sources with respect to the first substrate, the second substrate having first and second diffraction grating elements formed integrally therewith, the first diffraction grating element being provided for the first light source, and the second diffraction grating element being provided for the second light source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wavelength locking structure for a tunable laser and a wavelength locking method for a tunable laser. According to the present invention, since it is possible to use only one element for measuring the intensity of light, the number of parts is reduced in comparison to methods of the related art, so it is possible to perform wavelength locking economically with a down-sized structure.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit comprises an input interface adapted for receiving an optical input signal and splitting it into two distinct polarization modes and furthermore adapted for rotating the polarization of one of the modes for providing the splitted signals in a common polarization mode,. The PIC also comprises a combiner adapted for combining the first mode signal and the second mode signal into a combined signal and a decohering means adapted for transforming at least one of the first mode signal and the second mode signal such that the first mode signal and the second mode signal are received by the combiner in a mutually incoherent state. A processing component for receiving and processing said combined signal is also comprised.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light generating apparatus includes a target supply unit configured to output a target toward a predetermined region, a laser system configured to output a first laser beam with which the target is irradiated, a second laser beam with which the target is irradiated after being irradiated with the first laser beam, and a third laser beam with which the target is irradiated after being irradiated with the second laser beam, and an optical system configured to cause an irradiation beam diameter of the second laser beam at the target to be larger than an irradiation beam diameter of the third laser beam at the target.

Abstract: A method of controlling a transmission signal, includes transmitting a training signal including four polarization states having a given relation; and performing rotation control and transmission power level control of a polarization component of a data signal, based on a rotation control matrix for a polarization state and an inverse-operation control matrix for a power level imbalance, which are estimated from Stokes parameters related to input power level present on a Poincare sphere acquired from the training signal and Stokes parameters related to output power level present on the Poincare sphere.

Abstract: A laser apparatus is provided, comprising a semiconductor substrate, an active layer disposed on the semiconductor substrate, a folded waveguide disposed on the active layer and forming a resonant structure, the folded waveguide comprising at least two substantially straight waveguide portions coupled by a connecting waveguide structure, with the folded waveguide having a first end and a second end located at one or more edges of the semiconductor substrate, wherein at least one of the ends includes a mirror, and an electrode coupled to the folded waveguide and configured to create photons in the folded waveguide when receiving electrical power. The waveguide emits laser light comprising the photons, with the laser light emitted at an edge of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A beam delivery system may include: beam adjusters configured to adjust a divergence angle of a pulse laser beam; a beam sampler configured to separate a part of the pulse laser beam outputted from a first beam adjuster provided at the most downstream among the beam adjusters to acquire a sample beam; a beam monitor configured to receive the sample beam and output a monitored diameter; and a beam delivery controller configured to control the beam adjusters based on the monitored diameter. The beam delivery controller may adjust each of beam adjusters other than the first beam adjuster selected one after another from the most upstream so that the monitored diameter at the beam monitor becomes a predetermined value specific to the beam adjuster, and adjust the first beam adjuster so that the pulse laser beam becomes focused at a position downstream of a target position.

Abstract: The invention provides a free space optical (FSO) communications terminal for a first telecommunications card or a backplane. The FSO terminal comprises a plurality of transmission interfaces. The FSO terminal further comprises a light signal generating unit adapted to generate a plurality of light signals. Each of the plurality of light signals carries the same information as the other one or more of the plurality of light signals and is arranged for transmission through a respective one of the plurality of transmission interfaces. Each of the plurality of light signals is at a different orthogonal mode from the other one or more of the plurality of light signals. The invention further provides a free space optical (FSO) communications terminal for a second telecommunications card or a backplane. The FSO terminal comprises a plurality of receive interfaces. Each of the plurality of receive interfaces adapted to receive a light signal carrying information.

Abstract: An optical logic device includes a distributed feedback laser configured to generate a first signal corresponding to distributed feedback laser output signal, the first signal being at a first wavelength. The device further includes a bandpass filter having a center frequency corresponding to the first wavelength. Additionally, the device can include an optical circulator having a first port coupled to a logic device input signal, a second port coupled to the first signal, and a third port coupled to the bandpass filter, wherein when the logic device input signal has a power above a predetermined threshold and there is a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and an input wavelength of the logic device input signal, a suppression of the first signal occurs.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a light guide plate, a backlight module and a display device, so as to solve the technical problem of color shift generated in prior art display panel due to the change of angle of view. The light guide plate comprises a bottom surface, a light exiting surface opposite to the bottom surface, and a quantum dot layer provided on the light exiting surface and comprising a quantum dot array, wherein the light exiting surface has a non-planar structure. Embodiments of the present invention provide following advantageous effects: the quantum dots on the surface of the light guide plate are configured to have a non-planar structure, such that the light transmitted through the spacing between quantum dots and having the same spectrum as the quantum dots is smoothly changed, thereby reducing the affection of color shift of the display device due to the change of angle of view.

Abstract: Provided are an acousto-optic element, an acousto-optic element array, and a display apparatus including the acousto-optic element array. The acousto-optic element includes: an acousto-optic modulator which includes an acousto-optic layer formed of an acousto-optic material; a light supplier which supplies light to the acousto-optic modulator in a first direction; a first sound-wave modulator which applies first elastic waves to the acousto-optic modulator in a second direction; and a second sound-wave modulator which applies second elastic waves to the acousto-optic modulator in a third direction. The light supplied from the light supplier to the acousto-optic modulator is deflected by diffraction caused by the first elastic waves applied from the first sound-wave modulator and diffraction caused by the second elastic waves applied from the second sound-wave modulator, and is output from the acousto-optic modulator through a front side of the acousto-optic modulator.

Abstract: A radiation source includes a nozzle configured to direct a stream of fuel droplets along a droplet path towards a plasma formation location, and is configured to receive a gaussian radiation beam having gaussian intensity distribution, having a predetermined wavelength and propagating along a predetermined trajectory, and further configured to focus the radiation beam on a fuel droplet at the plasma formation location. The radiation source includes a phase plate structure including one or more phase plates. The phase plate structure has a first zone and a second zone. The zones are arranged such that radiation having the predetermined wavelength passing through the first zone and radiation having the predetermined wavelength passing through the second zone propagate along respective optical paths having different optical path lengths. A difference between the optical path lengths is an odd number of times half the predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A light source system that generates stable optical power over time and temperature in which a feedback control circuit is operative to receive a temperature signal and a sample signal and in response thereto generate a control signal to a driver circuit to maintain a power level of the light output substantially constant over an operative temperature range defined by Tmin and Tmax.

Abstract: An optical device has a gallium and nitrogen containing substrate including a surface region and a strain control region, the strain control region being configured to maintain a quantum well region within a predetermined strain state. The device also has a plurality of quantum well regions overlying the strain control region.

Abstract: A wavelength tracking Fabry-Perot Laser Diode (F-P LD), and an optical transmitter including the same are disclosed, the wavelength keepable F-P LD including a gain section configured to provide and modulate a gain using an injected first current; and a phase shift/modulation section configured to vary wavelength relative to oscillation mode of light advanced from the gain section by injected second current or voltage and to modulate phases.

Abstract: An optical device has a gallium and nitrogen containing substrate including a surface region and a strain control region, the strain control region being configured to maintain a quantum well region within a predetermined strain state. The device also has a plurality of quantum well regions overlying the strain control region.

Abstract: Techniques for generating EUV light include directing a first pulse of radiation toward a target material droplet to form a modified droplet, the first pulse of radiation having an energy sufficient to alter a shape of the target material droplet; directing a second pulse of radiation toward the modified droplet to form an absorption material, the second pulse of radiation having an energy sufficient to change a property of the modified droplet, the property being related to absorption of radiation; and directing an amplified light beam toward the absorption material, the amplified light beam having an energy sufficient to convert at least a portion of the absorption material into extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light.

Abstract: A terahertz light generation device 1 comprises a resonator structure 12 for intensifying incident light and outputting the intensified light and laser oscillation units 10, 11 for feeding the incident light into the resonator structure 12. The incident light comprises first and second incident light components having polarization states different from each other and frequencies different from each other. The laser oscillation units 10, 11 feed the resonator structure 12 with the first and second incident light components at an angle inclined from a principal surface in the resonator structure 12. The resonator structure 12 outputs light having a frequency corresponding to the difference between the respective frequencies of the first and second incident light components.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a first semiconductor multilayer film mirror of a first conductivity type, a second semiconductor multilayer film mirror of a second conductivity type that is different from the first conductivity type, an active layer formed between the first semiconductor multilayer film mirror and the second semiconductor multilayer film mirror, a third semiconductor multilayer film mirror of a semi-insulating type formed between the first semiconductor multilayer film mirror and the active layer, and a contact layer of the first conductivity type formed between the third semiconductor multilayer film mirror and the active layer, and the third semiconductor multilayer film mirror is formed of a material having a bandgap energy higher than an energy of light generated in the active layer.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment a laser system includes a fiber laser source, a polarization controller and a wavelength converter. The relative power distribution between a pump wavelength and a signal wavelength is controllable using the polarization controller. An optional phase compensator is used to control polarization state of the output laser beam. In various embodiments the relative power distribution among multiple wavelengths may be controlled over a range of at least about 100:1.

Abstract: A ring laser-resonator generating plane-polarized fundamental-frequency radiation includes an optically nonlinear crystal configured for type-II second-harmonic generation of fundamental-frequency radiation. The resonator is configured such that fundamental-frequency radiation circulating either clockwise or counter-clockwise therein makes two passes through the optically nonlinear crystal per round-trip in the resonator in opposite directions, with polarization planes perpendicular to each other. This arrangement forces unidirectional circulation of radiation in the resonator during which second-harmonic radiation is not generated by the crystal.

Abstract: A laser anti-reflection device includes a polarizing beam splitter, a ?/4 wave plate and an absorber disposed in an outgoing light path of a laser emitting linearly polarized light with a wavelength of ?. The linearly polarized light from the laser passes through the polarizing beam splitter and the ?/4 wave plate in turn to become a circularly polarized light beam. Part of the circularly polarized light beam is then reflected by a workpiece to be processed along the original light path and passes the ?/4 wave plate to become a linearly polarized light beam with a polarization direction vertical to that of the outgoing linearly polarized light beam. The vertical polarized beam passes the polarizing beam splitter, deviates from the light path of the outgoing linearly polarized light beam and reaches the absorber. The laser anti-reflection device prevents reflected light from damaging the laser from high power lasers.

Abstract: A laser pulse shaping method is configured for microscopically viewing and modifying an object. A temporal modulation and a two-dimensional spatial modulation of laser pulses are carried out. At least the phase of the laser pulses is modulated dependent on the location, and the modulated laser pulses are directed at the object.