Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of making power-saving electric stoves, particularly having a large size and outer shapes similar to the conformations of traditional Tyrolean heaters or stoves, while having a very light weight and being easily movable to multiple locations of a house. The main characteristic of the present invention is that it includes making a hollow stove body, particularly having a large size, from expanded polystyrene or a similar thermoplastic polymer, with the application of an electric resistor, particularly a constant-power, and hence low-power consuming heating cable arranged around its outer surface in one or more coil loops with the interposition of a layer of adhesive material with at least one thread formed therein for supporting the resistor, with contiguous insulating grooves, and with later application of a final coating layer, made e.g.

Abstract: A vacuum oven or vacuum furnace is disclosed having a heat distribution sleeve that conforms to the shape of an interior heating chamber. The heat distribution sleeve may be of generally annular shape, like a ring, and located in a substantially regularly spaced and offset relationship from a heating element located within walls adjacent the interior heating chamber. The heat distribution sleeve includes a thermal conductive material which absorbs and re-radiates heat emitted from the heating element, thereby providing more consistent and regular radiation fields for heating treating a work piece that is loaded on a work holding tray and, upon the vacuum oven being in an operational position, the work piece is located within the furnace chamber.

Abstract: A vacuum oven or vacuum furnace is disclosed having a heat distribution sleeve that conforms to the shape of an interior heating chamber. The heat distribution sleeve may be of generally annular shape, like a ring, and located in a substantially regularly spaced and offset relationship from a heating element located within walls adjacent the interior heating chamber. The heat distribution sleeve includes a thermal conductive material which absorbs and re-radiates heat emitted from the heating element, thereby providing more consistent and regular radiation fields for heating treating a work piece that is loaded on a work holding tray and, upon the vacuum oven being in an operational position, the work piece is located within the furnace chamber.

Abstract: A heat processing furnace comprises: a processing vessel for receiving an object to be processed by a heat process; a cylindrical heat insulation member surrounding the processing vessel; a helical heating resistor arranged along an inner peripheral surface of the heat insulation member; a support member for supporting the heating resistor. The support member includes a base part positioned on an inside of the heating resistor, and a plurality of support pieces extending radially outward from the base part through spaces between adjacent portions of the heating resistor so as to support the heating resistor, the support member being formed to have a comb-like shape. An upper surface part of each of the support pieces is formed to have a curved shape in order to reduce a frictional resistance generated when the heating resistor is moved upon a thermal expansion and a thermal shrinkage thereof.

Abstract: A heat-processing furnace comprises: a processing vessel for housing an object to be processed to thermally heat the object to be processed; a cylindrical heat insulating member surrounding the processing vessel; a helical heating resistor disposed along an inner circumferential surface of the heat insulating member; and support members axially disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the heat insulating member, for supporting the heating resistor at predetermined pitches. A plurality of terminal plates are disposed outside the heating resistor at suitable intervals therebetween and attached to the heating resistor, the terminal plates radially passing through the heat insulating member to be extended outside. A plurality of fixing plates are disposed outside the heating resistor at suitable intervals therebetween and attached to the heating resistor, the fixing plates being fixed in the heat insulating member.

Abstract: The method of making a single crystal, especially a CaF2 single crystal, includes tempering, in which the crystal is heated at <18 K/h to a temperature of 1000° C. to 1350° C. and held at this temperature for at least 65 hours with maximum temperature differences within the crystal of <0.2 K. Subsequently the crystal is cooled with a cooling rate of at maximum 0.5 K/h above a limiting temperature between 900° C. to 600° C. and then further below this limiting temperature at maximum 3 K/h. The obtained CaF2 crystals have refractive index uniformity <0.025×10?6 (RMS) in a (111)-, (100)- or (110)-direction and a stress birefringence of less than 2.5 nm/cm (PV) and/or a stress birefringence of less than 1 nm/cm (RMS) in the (100)- or (110)-direction. In the (111)-direction the stress birefringence is <0.5 nm/cm (PV) and/or the stress birefringence is <0.15 nm/cm (RMS).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for heat treatment of powdery products (1), in particular powders, characterized in that said products are heated right up to a temperature of at least 700° C. in a passage tube (5) for current, positioned tilted with respect to a horizontal plane (P) and preferably substantially vertically with respect to this plane, said products flowing in said tube essentially by gravity. A device for applying this method is also described.

Abstract: A heating muffle for a muffle kiln for the production of a dental ceramic product containing titanium, which comprises a hollow unit, which is provided with at least one opening for the uptake of the ceramic product and has completely heatable inner walls, an which can form together with a pedestal a firing chamber in which the ceramic product is heated by the inner walls, wherein the hollow unit comprises at least one spirally bent tube containing a heat conductor for a uniform heat transfer to the product and in order to avoid temperature gradients.

Abstract: An electric furnace has a furnace wall, a cylindrical spiral member made of a wire of heat resistant material, a part of the cylindrical portion of which being embedded into the furnace wall and the remaining cylindrical portion of which being projected from an inner surface of the furnace wall, and a heating member inserted into the remaining cylindrical portion of the spiral member. The wire is wound along circles, ellipses, triangles, or quadrangles. The heating member has a circular, quadrangular, triangular or elliptical cross section.

Abstract: A system for heating optical members includes a thermally-conductive inner housing defining an interior volume for receiving an optical member to be heated, a thermally-insulative outer housing at least partially containing the thermally-conductive inner housing, and a heating structure disposed outside the inner housing and configured to provide heat through the thermally-conductive inner housing and into the interior volume defined by the inner housing.

Abstract: Soaking apparatus to treat materials which require higher accuracy in soaking and improved cleanliness. The soaking apparatus includes a heat treatment apparatus having walls, a ceiling and a floor, each divided into a plurality of sections, a heater block mounted on each section, a thermal sensor mounted to each heater block, and a thermal controller to control heating of the heater blocks based on a temperature measured by the thermal sensor.

Abstract: A conductive metal jumper strap has a plate portion with a pair of connection legs forming a u-shape. The connection legs are adapted to connect to terminals to make an electrical connection between two components of a heating device. The plate portion has a bend in it to allow flexing so that the connection legs can make a jumper connection between terminals where the terminal spacing may vary between heating devices.

Abstract: A container for molten metal which uses heat of solidification for heating the molten metal.

Abstract: A system for heating optical members includes a thermally-conductive inner housing defining an interior volume for receiving an optical member to be heated, a thermally-insulative outer housing at least partially containing the thermally-conductive inner housing, and a heating structure disposed outside the inner housing and configured to provide heat through the thermally-conductive inner housing and into the interior volume defined by the inner housing.

Abstract: The invention comprises an electric heating assembly having improved heat transfer, the heater comprised of a receptacle for containing amalgam heat transfer media. An amalgam heat transfer media is provided in the receptacle for purposes of heat transfer. An electric heating element is located in the amalgam. When the amalgam reaches a solidified condition, a receptacle or mold is not required for the electric heating assembly.

Abstract: A heater having a frame supporting a heater element resistance wire and an in-line thermostat. The in-line thermostat has substantially flat connection terminals or terminals, each having a though hole. A substantially flat blade connects to each thermostat terminal by a single screw. The end of each blade distal from the screw is crimped to an end of the resistive wire or another conducting element. An insulating support mounts each blade to the frame. The blade may have bendable tabs for securing it to the insulating support.

Abstract: The invention comprises an electric heating assembly having improved heat transfer, the heater comprised of a receptacle for containing amalgam heat transfer media. An amalgam heat transfer media is provided in the receptacle for purposes of heat transfer. An electric heating element is located in the amalgam. When the amalgam reaches a solidified condition, a receptacle or mold is not required for the electric heating assembly.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a rotationally symmetrical resistance furnace heating element. The heating element has at least two ends. A respective cooling element is disposed in communication with each end. The heating element includes at least first and second high current density sections. The high current density sections are axially separated by at least one low current density section. The high current density sections have a smaller diameter than the low current density section. The invention also includes a multiple crucible method of drawing an optical fiber from the draw furnace described above. The method includes the step of heating an entire body of raw materials in a hot zone in the furnace.

Abstract: An electric furnace assembly includes an elongated metallic resistor element, which is supported adjacent to a furnace wall. The resistor element is bent back and forth in its longitudinal direction and is retained by fixed holding member at positions located furthest away from the furnace wall so as to permit a controlled elongation of the resistor element.

Abstract: An improved crucible for containing a body of molten aluminum and maintaining the molten aluminum at a predetermined temperature for transportation, the crucible comprised of a bottom and sides joined together to contain the molten aluminum and a liner comprised of a refractory substantially inert to the molten aluminum. A series of heating element receptacles are provided in the liner, the receptacles are lined with a ceramic tube fabricated from a material selected from the group consisting of mullite, boron nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and silicon aluminum oxynitride, zirconia, stabilized zirconia and mixtures thereof. An electric heating element is provided in the ceramic tube for transferring heat to the body of aluminum.

Abstract: A tower furnace for the heat treatment of metal strips comprises a muffle (3) extending over the entire furnace height, through which muffle passes the strip (6). At the top of the muffle (3) an insulated stopper (1) with an electric heater (2) has been inserted into the muffle (3). Below this stopper (1) a gas-heated preheating space (4) is provided in the muffle (3).

Abstract: A batch type furnace includes a furnace body, a floor being removably attachable to the furnace body for forming a furnace chamber, and radiant tubes being substantially and uniformly arranged in the furnace body and the floor. The radiant tubes are controllable to a predetermined temperature independently of each other. The radiant tubes are made of an alloy having a heat resistance of such a degree as to tolerate quick heating and cooling.

Abstract: There is disclosed an impedance-heated furnace for processing a nonflowable but conveyable material at the processing temperature comprising a nonrotating shell having electrical-conducting properties, and heated to a processing temperature using electrical impedance as the heat source. The shell includes an inlet and an outlet and a conveyor means, which also may be heated by impedance, for transporting or carrying the material along or through the shell. The resulting solids and any generated or volatilized gases are recovered separately.

Abstract: Dual electric/gas heating in a crucible melting furnace with segmental lining, and lining and segments of linings for same, are disclosed.

Abstract: A Deglor furnace includes heating elements each having a heater rod being surrounded by a protective tube. The protective tube is mounted on a ceiling of the Deglor furnace and is run through an opening in the ceiling into the interior of the Deglor furnace. Heat insulation of the ceiling which borders the opening is protected against corrosive gases from the interior by a shield.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating a metallic material held by a holder such as a crucible which is positioned on a base using an electric furnace. The electric furnace includes a sleeve, an electric heating element disposed on the inner surface of the sleeve, a removable lid for covering a top opening of the sleeve and at least one handle disposed on the outer surface of the sleeve for lifting and removing the sleeve from the base or placing the sleeve on the base. When the sleeve is placed on the base enclosing the crucible, the removable lid is placed on the top opening of the sleeve and an electric current is applied to the electric heating element. Heat generated by the electric heating element and retained in the furnace melts the material contained in the crucible.

Abstract: A heating element for a Deglor furnace includes a heating bar being surrounded by a protective tube. The protective tube is provided with a flange for mounting. The flange is formed by a separate ceramic ring or a metal clip and is permanently connected mechanically or chemically to an outer surface of the protective tube.

Abstract: An improved cooling arrangement is disclosed for an industrial heat treat furnace. The furnace includes a closed end cylindrical heat treat chamber in which a plenum plate is suspended adjacent the rear end thereof. The plenum plate has a central underpressure opening and a fan between the rearward end of the furnace and the plate develops a wind mass which circulates into the furnace chamber and is drawn back into the fan through the plates central underpressure opening. Between the plenum plate and the furnace rearward end is positioned a first fixed fan diffuser followed by a second fixed fan diffuser. The first fan diffuser permits wind mass flow therethrough when the fan is rotated in a first direction but not in a second direction and similarly the second fan diffuser permits wind mass flow therethrough when the fan is rotated in a second direction but not in a first direction.

Abstract: An electric furnace for heating a metallic material held by a holder such as a crucible which is positioned on a base. The electric furnace includes a sleeve, an electric heating element disposed on the inner surface of the sleeve, a removable lid for covering a top opening of the sleeve and at least one handle disposed on the outer surface of the sleeve for lifting and removing the sleeve from the base or placing the sleeve on the base. When the sleeve is placed on the base enclosing the crucible, the removable lid is placed on the top opening of the sleeve and an electric current is applied to the electric heating element, heat generated by the electric heating element and retained in the furnace melts the material contained in the crucible.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for electrically heating a refractory lined process vessel or reactor by directly passing current through an electrically conductive refractory lining using electrical heating assemblies incorporating a resilient, convoluted nickel conductor. When the heating assemblies are attached to the electrically conductive refractory lining, an impressed voltage causes current to flow between the heating assemblies causing the refractory lining to be heated resistively.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a heating element in a channel formed in a heater base is disclosed. A preferred embodiment includes a substantially U-shaped tantalum member. The U-shape is characterized by two substantially parallel portions of tantalum that each have an end connected to opposite ends of a base portion of tantalum. The parallel portions are each substantially perpendicular to the base portion and spaced apart a distance not larger than a width of the channel and not smaller than a width of a graphite heating element. The parallel portions each have a hole therein, and the centers of the holes define an axis that is substantially parallel to the base portion. An aluminum oxide ceramic retaining pin extends through the holes in the parallel portions and into a hole in a wall of the channel to retain the U-shaped member in the channel and to support the graphite heating element.

Abstract: A melting apparatus in which a material to be melted is accommodated in a crucible made of platinum or its alloy, and electric current passes through the crucible to generate heat ot melt the material. At least a part of the crucible is formed into a double-wall structure having inner and outer peripheral walls. The electric current is caused to pass through the double-wall structure to generate the heat.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved paint drying furnace and in particular to one having a square recess to receive a casing which contains a glass, several light bulbs, a ceramic reflective plate, an electric heating plate and a heat resisting plate. The light bulbs can emit near infrared, middle infrared and far infrared energy to dry the painted object and are controlled by an outer control panel.

Abstract: A molecular or atomic beam source for use in molecular beam epitaxy comprises a hollow cylindrical crucible, preferably made of boron nitride, which is heated by an electric current passed through a plurality of very thin elongate metal strips disposed outside of and spaced apart from said crucible and mounted parallel to its axis. In order to maintain the strips in the correct position irrespective of temperature, they may be mounted on springs at each end, but preferably they are made in self supporting pairs linked at the open end of the crucible and mounted on brackets at the other end. The thin strips can be made self supporting by folding along lines parallel to their long axis in a variety of ways. They are arranged to present a large surface area to the crucible which ensures efficient heating and increases the maximum operating temperature of the source.

Abstract: A high temperature box annealing furnace for metallic coil annealing practices. The furnace comprises a fixed base and a removable bell capable of achieving a sealed relationship with the base. The interior of the bell side walls, end walls and roof are lined with ceramic fiber insulation and are provided with electrical resistance heating elements. The heating elements are divided into at least two separately controllable zones, a first zone including the heating elements mounted on the bell roof and the upper portions of the bell side and end walls and a second zone including the heating elements mounted on the lower portion of the bell side and end walls. The base comprises a steel framework supporting a cast refractory base member configured to support one or more coils. Each coil is provided with a cover and the cast refractory base member provides a sand seal for the lower edge of the covers. The cast refractory base has an atmosphere inlet for each coil positioned at the center or eye of the coil.

Abstract: An electrical resistance furnace which includes a number of electrical resistance heating elements arranged around the sides and surrounding a space containing a crucible or similar container to be heated, the elements being supported at least at their ends by fire-brick material and being surrounded by heat insulation, wherein both ends of each resistance element extend through apertures in the fire-brick material so that by removing part of the heat insulation access may be gained to both ends of the element from the exterior of the furnace to permit removal and repair or replacement of the element.

Abstract: A furnace producing a precisely controlled temperature gradient within a central bore by a plurality of heating elements sandwiched between respective insulating layers with each heating element loosely thermally coupled to a thermally conductive ring extending concentrically outward from the furnace bore. Thermal sensors at each layer provide data to data processing equipment which controls and moves temperature gradients within the furnace by program.

Abstract: An improved electrical heating element is constructed to increase the amount of electrical wire per unit space available for plug-type convection heating units. The heating element includes a metal frame structure with a plurality of spaced support elements and a plurality of spaced removable cross bars connected thereto. A plurality of ceramic heater support blocks, each of T-shape in plan, with spaced end faces are arranged end to end and have undercut grooves which receive a cross bar and are interposed between the support elements. A continuous electric resistance heating wire has a series of parallel spaced inverted U-shaped wire sections. The wire sections are arranged in groups. Each block has a support boss of reduced width adjacent one end face adapted to extend between the strands of a section of the heating wire. Each block has a pair of spaced bosses adjacent to its other end face which extend laterally outward of the support boss.