Abstract: A heating furnace includes a bolt inserted through an insertion hole in a part of a heater and further inserted into a hole on a tip surface of an electrode rod. A first washer is between a bearing surface of the bolt and one face of the heater. A second washer is between another face of the heater and the tip surface. The relation of: |L0·?0?(TH·?H+TB·?B+TE·?E)|·?T?0.15(TB+TE) is satisfied, where L0 is an interval between the bearing surface and the tip surface, ?0 is a linear expansion coefficient (LEC) of the bolt, TH, TB and TE are thicknesses of the part, first and second washers and ?H, ?B and ?E are their LECs, respectively, and ?T is a temperature increment quantity of a part where the heater and the electrode rod are fastened by the bolt.

Abstract: An electrode for a resistance analytical furnace has a crucible-engaging surface and an end spaced from the crucible-engaging surface having a plurality of grooves formed therein. A manifold mounted on the end of the electrode defines a dust recovery plenum and includes an outlet communicating with the plenum for coupling to a vacuum source to remove debris from the electrode. The improved electrode and electrode cleaning manifold positioned on the electrode provides a turbulent airflow for removal of dust and debris from an analytical furnace.

Abstract: An insert intended for electrical furnaces and of the type that includes an insulating shell having an outside and an inside having a rotationally symmetrical, e.g., cylindrical shape, and a heater element that is arranged inside the insulating shell and extends several turns in a continuous loop having an overall shape corresponding to the rotationally symmetrical shape of the insulating shell. The continuous loop includes spaced-apart bends, which divide the same into individual sections of limited length to which occurring thermal expansion is isolated locally. In an exemplary embodiment, the bends are U-shaped to impart to the continuous loop a meander shape. Another exemplary embodiment relates to a heater element.

Abstract: An electrical heating conductor arrangement for heating a furnace has one or more strip-shaped portions with a generally horizontal sheet-like extent. The strip-shaped portions are formed by individual bands which have along their width an arcuate curvature with respect to a horizontal plane. The individual bands are partially mounted by at least one bearing element pivotably in the longitudinal direction of the respective band.

Abstract: A thermal processing furnace comprises: a tubular heat insulation member 4 surrounding a processing vessel 3 for receiving and thermally processing an object to be processed w; a heating resistor 5 helically arranged on an inner circumferential surface of the heat insulation member 4; and a support member 13 disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the heat insulation member 4, the support member 13 supporting the heating resistor 5 such that the heating resistor 5 can be thermally expanded and thermally shrunk. The thermal processing furnace further comprises: a movement prevention member 15 disposed on the heating resistor 5 to be in contact with one side surface of the support member 13 so as to prevent a downward movement of the heating resistor 5.

Abstract: A modular heater is disclosed, including multiple heater modules. The heater modules can include mating features, such as a tongue and groove seal, and/or soft seal, to prevent radiation, thermal convection and thermal conduction leakage. The heater module can also include heater elements, together with supports and expansion room for the heater elements.

Abstract: A heating element for use in industrial furnaces, which enables the use of a higher voltage over the element. The heating element includes a heating zone made of a molybdenum disilicide based material including 48-75% by volume of a non-conducting compound and two terminals made of a molybdenum disilicide based material including up to 25% by volume of a non-conducting compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation apparatus with capability of preventing heat convection, which comprises a blackbody furnace having a cavity therein and an air pressure adjusting unit. The air pressure adjusting unit coupled to the blackbody furnace for adjusting the air pressure of the open end of the cavity according to the temperature difference between the cavity and the outside environment. By means of the design of the present invention, it is capable of preventing heat convection between the cavity and the outside environment by utilizing the air pressure adjusting unit for controlling the air pressure status around the open end of cavity such that the blackbody furnace is stable for services of calibrations and tests.

Abstract: A strip-form silicon carbide furnace heating element is provided having a higher radiating surface area to volume ratio than a conventional tubular element.

Abstract: This invention relates to an insert intended for electrical furnaces and of the type that comprises, on one hand, an insulating shell having an outside and an inside having a rotationally symmetrical, e.g., cylindrical shape, and on the other hand a heater element that is arranged inside the shell and extends a plurality of turns in a continuous loop having an overall shape corresponding to the rotationally symmetrical shape of the shell. According to the invention, the wire loop comprises a plurality of spaced-apart bends, which divide the same into a plurality of individual sections of limited length to which occurring thermal expansion is isolated locally. In a preferred embodiment, the bends are U-shaped to impart the wire loop meander shape. In an additional aspect, the invention also relates to a heater element as such.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a porous ceramic heating element wherein 0.08 to 1.00 wt % of a foaming agent is added in 99.00 to 99.92 wt % of a mixture of an inorganic material, a binder, a conductive material, a hardener, a bonding agent and a dispersion medium and mixed with the mixture. The bonding strength of porous foam formed in the ceramic heating element is increased, thereby providing an effect that the entire structure is hardened.

Abstract: Oven for non-metal melting, in particular silicon melting, with a housing enclosing an interior, at least one mould arranged in the interior for receiving a non-metal melt, at least one electrical heating device enclosing, at least partially, the at least one mould for influencing the temperature of the non-metal melt, and a power supply device connected in an electrically conductive manner to the at least one heating device for providing the heating device with a time-variable current I(t), wherein the current I(t) has a frequency of 0.1 Hz to 1000 Hz and the current I(t) is of a magnitude sufficient for setting a predetermined temperature of the non-metal melt, the currents in the plurality, where necessary, of heaters having a defined phase position in respect of one another.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a portable blackbody furnace comprising a metallic body, a cylindrical cavity with a tapered end in the metallic body, a shielding plate positioned at an open end of the cylindrical cavity, at least a first heaters positioned in the shielding plate, a plurality of second heaters positioned around the metallic body, and a plurality of thermometers positioned in the metallic body. Preferably, the heat capacity of the metallic body is larger than 200 Joules/K, and has radial thickness larger than 5 mm. There are grooves formed on the outer wall of the metallic body, and the second heaters are heating wires embedded inside the grooves. In addition, the flow direction of the current between two adjacent heating wires is opposite to eliminate the magnetic field generated from the current flow.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, the polymeric coating is removed from a coated optical fiber by disposing the fiber within a non-oxidizing environment and applying sufficient heat to volatilize at least a portion of the polymeric coating. The result is that the coating material bursts from the fiber, yielding a clean glass surface virtually free of surface flaws. In a preferred embodiment the non-oxidizing environment is inert gas and the heat is provided by resistive filament heaters.

Abstract: A heating element (12) made of metal wire is installed at an internal circumferential surface of a cylindrical main thermal insulation body (11) of an electric heater according to the present invention. The heating element (12) comprises a plurality of resistance heat emitting portions (61)–(64) (71)–(74) (81)–(84) as segments along its length direction. The resistance heat emitting portions (61)–(64) (71)–(74) (81)–(84) are connected in parallel.

Abstract: An arrangement at installation of electrical resistance elements having high operating temperatures, in which arrangement comprises at least one element having a glow zone (3) and support and distance plates (1, 2) to carry the glow zone. The element is corrugated in its lengthwise direction, that the upper corrugations are supported at the tipper edges of vertical supporting plates (1) and that the lower corrugations are supported at distance plates (2) that are arranged between each two adjacent supporting plates (1). The supporting plates (1) and the distance plates (2) are held together by a resilient mounted pull bar (5). The element or the elements are mainly made from molybdenum disilicide.

Abstract: The present invention is for an arrangement at installation of electrical resistance elements having high operating temperatures. The arrangement comprises at least one element having a glow zone (3) and support and distance means (1,2) to carry the glow zone. The element is corrugated in its lengthwise direction, that the upper corrugations are supported at the upper edges of vertical supporting plates (1) and that the lower corrugations are supported at distance plates (2) that are arranged between each two adjacent supporting plates (1). The supporting plates (1) and the distance plates (2) are held together by a resilient mounted pull bar (5). Preferably the element or the elements are mainly made from molybdenum disilicide.

Abstract: A furnace for growing a high volume of crystals includes a plurality of individual growth stations and first and second heater matrixes. Each individual growth station has a crucible and an insulating container generally surrounding the crucible and thermally isolating the crucible from the other individual growth stations. The first and second heater matrices each include at least two legs electrically connected in parallel and each of the legs have at least two resistance heaters electrically connected in series. Each of the individual growth stations have at least one of the resistance heaters within the first heater matrix and at least one of the resistance heaters within the second heater matrix associated therewith. The resistance heaters of the first heater matrix are located above the crucibles and are preferably adapted to provide a homogeneous temperature across tops of the crucibles.

Abstract: A heating element for a vacuum heat treating furnace, a hot zone for a vacuum heat treating furnace, and a vacuum furnace are disclosed. The heating element includes a first heating element portion formed of a thin form of conductive, refractory metal or alloy, and an expansion loop formed in or attached to the first heating element portion, to absorb expansive and contractive forces on the element due to thermal cycling. The heating elements are disposed around the interior surface of the hot zone, which includes a sidewall formed of thermally insulating material. The vacuum heat treating furnace includes a pressure vessel and a hot zone disposed within the pressure vessel.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is a rotationally symmetrical resistance furnace heating element. The heating element has at least two ends. A respective cooling element is disposed in communication with each end. The heating element includes at least first and second high current density sections. The high current density sections are axially separated by at least one low current density section. The high current density sections have a smaller diameter than the low current density section. The invention also includes a multiple crucible method of drawing an optical fiber from the draw furnace described above. The method includes the step of heating an entire body of raw materials in a hot zone in the furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to the electric melting technique, in which the melting energy is dissipated in the bath of melted glass as a result of the Joule effect by means of electrodes which dip through the surface of the bath. According to the invention, the electrodes dip into a bath of melted glass which has a height h below 800 mm and a surface S such that the ratio h/S is lower than 0.5 m/m.sup.2. According to another aspect, the exchange surface between the electrodes and the bath is above 0.075 m.sup.2 /m.sup.3 of glass.The invention is used in the manufacture of glass-based products, such as insulating materials based on glass fiber.

Abstract: The electric resistance type melting furnace according to the present invention prevents deformation and destruction of graphite electrodes under high temperature conditions. In a melting furnace 1, graphite electrodes 3a and 3b each having a rectangular cross-section and with outer surfaces covered with a molybdenum member M are arranged, and surfaces of the graphite electrodes are positioned opposite to each other.

Abstract: A graphite furnace element, such as a heat shield or heating element, comprises a plurality of bent, rigid, solid and arcuate-shaped graphite sheets that have been joined together, usually by screws or bolts. The bent graphite sheets typically have a wall thickness between 0.05 and 0.5 inch.

Abstract: A method and system of heating a body of molten aluminum, for example, contained in a heating bay, the method comprising providing a body of molten aluminum; projecting an electric powered heater into the body of molten aluminum; passing electric current through the element and adding heat to the body of molten aluminum. The heater is comprised of a sleeve suitable for immersing in the molten aluminum. The sleeve may have a closed end and is comprised of a composite material comprised of an inner layer of titanium or titanium alloy having an outside surface having a refractory coating thereon exposed to the molten aluminum, the refractory coating resistant to attack by the molten aluminum. An electric heating element is located in the sleeve in heat transfer relationship therewith for adding heat to the molten aluminum.

Abstract: A sheet of high strength graphite material is bent into an arcuate shape, and the bent sheet is retained in that shape for use in a high temperature furnace. The bent sheet is rigid and can replace prior art machined blocks of lower strength graphite in a furnace. The bent sheet can also be further machined and/or further deformed into other shapes.

Abstract: An electric heater assembly suitable for heating molten metal, the electric heater assembly having a sleeve comprised of a closed end suitable for immersing in the molten metal. The sleeve is fabricated from a composite material comprised of titanium alloy and having an outside surface to be exposed to the molten metal coated with a refractory resistant to attack by the molten metal; and an electric heater located in the sleeve in heat transfer relationship therewith.

Abstract: An electric furnace includes a heating element which is a hollow element made of a lanthanum chromite ceramic having an interior with two open ends in an longitudinal direction, terminal portions at the two ends, and a heat-generating portion between the terminal portions. The terminal portion has a cross-sectional area larger than that of the heat-generating portion on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The heating element is provided with high-temperature electrodes and metallic lead wires attached to the terminal portions to generate heat in the heat-generating portion. The electric furnace further includes a heat-insulating material surrounding the heating element, and a hollow ceramic member placed in the interior of the heating element.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved electric heater assembly suitable for heating molten metal, the electric heater assembly having a sleeve comprised of a closed end suitable for immersing in the molten metal. The sleeve is fabricated from a composite material comprised of titanium alloy and having an outside surface to be exposed to the molten metal coated with a refractory resistant to attack by the molten metal; and an electric heater located in the sleeve in heat transfer relationship therewith.

Abstract: A ceramic igniter comprising: a) a lead wire, b) a ceramic substrate, and c) a braze pad having a thickness of less than about 150 microns, wherein the lead wire and ceramic substrate are placed in electrical connection by the braze pad.

Abstract: A blackbody type heating element for calibration furnaces employs an elongated hollow cylinder of graphite open at first and second opposite ends. The cylinder has an integral solid graphite partition centrally disposed in the cylinder and oriented at right angles to an axis of elongation of the cylinder. First and second end caps are disposed adjacent corresponding ones of the first and second cylinder ends. Each cap has a first electrically conductive member adapted to be connected as an electrode to a suitable source of electrical energy and a second graphite type hollow cylindrical member open at both ends engaging the first member. The second member has a coating of pyrolytic graphite. Each second member is connected directly through its coating to the corresponding end of the cylinder. The openings in the second member are aligned with this corresponding end.

Abstract: A radiant tube heating assembly for a furnace, which assembly combines the features of a heating element utilizing the latest powder metallurgical technology, improved ceramic spacers and staggered weld joints to thereby enable higher efficiency and heating temperatures. Further, the assembly enables a higher temperature element system, ease of manufacture and reduced failures due to shorts or arc over at the weld joints.

Abstract: A high strength graphite material is fabricated into a sheet, the sheet is bent into a tube, and the tube is retained in that shape for use in a high temperature furnace. The retained tube is rigid and can replace prior art machined blocks of lower strength graphite in a furnace. The tube can also be further machined and/or further deformed to achieve more complex shapes.

Abstract: A hot plate is used with a molten metal storage container in which a molten metal or bath is temporarily stored prior to any subsequent casting process, and keeps the molten metal temporarily stored in the storage container at a specific constant temperature by heating the molten metal as required. The temperature of the stored molten metal is controlled so that it cannot fall below the particular temperature.The hot plate includes a heating unit formed in a flat shape from any suitable heat resistant, electrically insulating material and having an electric heating wire or coil therein: and A box unit made of any suitable ceramic material has the flat heating unit freely inserted and removably mounted therein.As a variation of the hot plate, the box unit may include a ceramic coating layer formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof, the ceramic coating layer being reinforced with any suitable fibrous ceramic textile.

Abstract: In a equipment for manufacturing polycrystal silicon by depositing it on filament cores electrically heated, by means of thermal decomposition of monosilane gas, a bridge for connecting said filament cores is constituted by tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten or zirconium. Preferably the sectional shape of the connection bridge may be of upturned triangle, tear droplet or rectangle.

Abstract: A glass melter having a lid electrode for heating the glass melt radiantly. The electrode comprises a series of INCONEL 690 tubes running above the melt across the melter interior and through the melter walls and having nickel cores inside the tubes beginning where the tubes leave the melter interior and nickel connectors to connect the tubes electrically in series. An applied voltage causes the tubes to generate heat of electrical resistance for melting frit injected onto the melt. The cores limit heat generated as the current passes through the walls of the melter. Nickel bus connection to the electrical power supply minimizes heat transfer away from the melter that would occur if standard copper or water-cooled copper connections were used between the supply and the INCONEL 690 heating tubes.

Abstract: A silicon carbide whisker production apparatus manufactured by placing a plurality of lidded reaction vessels in the longitudinal direction of an Acheson furnace at intervals, packing graphite grains in the gaps between the adjacent reaction vessels and around the reaction vessels along the longitudinal direction of the furnace starting with the furnace-side ends of terminal electrodes to form a surrounding heating zone, and packing a heat insulating packing around the surrounding heating zone.

Abstract: An electrically heated vacuum furnace has a plurality of heating elements (13) distributed in an array extending within the furnace. This allows accurate control of the application of radiant heat energy from the elements (13) of the array to articles (10) within the furnace. The elements (13) are preferably disposed spaced apart across the width of the furnace.

Abstract: An electrically heated vacuum furnace is provided with special lead-through devices for transmitting current to the heating elements. In order to recognize gas discharges which can occur between a lead-through and a tank wall, the insulation of the lead-through is surrounded by an auxiliary electrode. A thermocouple can also be used instead of an auxiliary electrode. A signal derived from the auxiliary electrode can be used to shut off the furnace power to avoid damage thereto.

Abstract: In an apparatus and process for the activation of carbon from carbon feedstocks by electrical resistance heating in the presence of steam, which comprises preheating particles of the carbon feedstock in a preheater, having the particles descend by gravity into and through a vertical reactor connected to the preheater, introducing steam at the bottom of the reactor so that it moves upward against the downward flow of the particles, passing an electric current through the particles in the reactor, and discharging the activated carbon from the bottom of the reactor, the improvements that comprise feeding the carbon feedstock through the side of the preheater, controlling the electric input, having the reactor project into the preheater, using a knife-gate valve and a discharge-limiting device to control the discharge of the activated carbon, using a carbon feedstock that contains up to about 25% of organic volatiles, maintaining the preheating temperature within a range from about 550.degree. C. to about 750.

Abstract: Six curved hanging electrical heater panels made of tungsten or molybdenum are arranged to form a hollow cylinder, and are supported at their upper ends by electrical connectors. The hanging panels are electrically interconnected at adjacent lower corners by removable links. Six phase electrical current is applied to the hanging panels through the respective upper connectors, with phases of opposite polarities being applied to diametrically opposed panels. The net current flow through the removable links is zero, enabling the links to be designed to fail electrically and/or mechanically before the panels, thereby protecting the panels from electrical burnout and mechanical damage. Each removable link includes a unique arrangement of a link member, two pins, and a wedge which tightly interlocks the pins, link member and panel corners together.

Abstract: The system comprises at least one coolant-carrying tubular support carrying at least one rider. The latter consists of a heat-resistant cast housing provided with at least one cutout into which a ceramic carrier is inserted. The carrier is of sufficient compressive strength even at a temperature in excess of 1,200.degree. C. The housing remains at a temperature below 1,200.degree. C. and therefore provides a very good support for the carrier which it holds and transfers the loads that occur into the tubular support. The housing is detachably connected with the tubular support by means of a bolt.

Abstract: Chemical vapor deposition apparatus has a quartz envelope supporting a resistance heater. A boron nitride pill box configured core supports resistance heater windings. The core has a base having a cylindrical upper portion defining a hollow chamber and an upper annular ring. A circular top includes an upper circular portion and lower circular portion mating with the base. The annular ring surface is in thermal contact with the upper circular portion to transfer heat from the annular ring to the circular top. A zirconia insulator cups the core, providing heat insulation, in conjunction with a heat shield coating in the quartz envelope interior. Arrays of quartz envelope heaters provide for mass production of semiconductors. A horizontal configuration includes a laminar flow head and disposed at an angle to the horizontal.

Abstract: The method according to the present invention relates to supply of heat energy to a metal melt or a similar electroconductive fluid (1,11). According to said method rod-like elements are partly immersed in the metal melt or a similar electroconductive fluid, the end portions (6,15) of said elements projecting from the melt are connected to electric power, and said end portions (6,15) and the other end portions (5,16) of said element consist of an electroconductive material, whereas the relatively long center portion (3, 13) of said element being immersed in the melt consists of electric resistance material, and at least said resistance material is coated with an electric insulating heat conductive and melt bath resistant coat (4, 14) which, thus, transfers the heat energy created in the resistance material of the elements to the melt.The invention, furthermore, relates to a heating element for use with said method.

Abstract: The heater member of a furnace for heating the crucible used for fusing raw materials for a semiconductor single crystal is provided with reinforcing members made of a material such as alumina or pyrolytic boron nitride which excels in electric insulating property, resistance to heat, and strength. When a magnetic field with an alternating current or pulsating current of electricity is applied to the site of single crystal growth for the purpose of stabilizing the growth of the single crystal, the furnace tends to sustain breakage. These reinforcing members thus used on the heater member impart improved durability to the furnace and enable the apparatus as a whole to enjoy a long service life.

Abstract: A nonfocused infrared panel emitter and method of making the same. The panel emitter includes a primary emitter positioned between an insulating layer and a secondary emitter. Preferably, the panel emitter comprises a metal foil primary emitter, woven alumina cloth secondary emitter, and alumina silica board insulating layer bonded together by means of an alumina silica binder. In the method of making the panel emitter, a mesh sheet is preferably positioned adjacent the foil and the sheet is vaporized by heating prior to bonding to create a void adjacent the foil to allow thermal expansion and contraction of the foil.

Abstract: An electrically conductive sintered ceramics of the present invention comprises, as the main ingredients thereof, (a) silicon carbide, (b) an inorganic compound which exhibits a positive resistance-temperature coefficient, and preferably (c) a sintering assistant. The electrically conductive sintered ceramics obtained exhibits a positive resistance-temperature coefficient as a whole.A ceramic heater of the invention makes use of the electrically conductive sintered ceramics in an electrically conductive portion thereof.A sintered product which exhibits a positive resistance-temperature coefficient helps to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway or thermal destruction.

Abstract: A stacked type heater construction particularly suitable for large HIP apparatus, having a number of heating unit assemblies stacked one on another to provide a vertical series of independently controllable heating zones, the heater including a generally cylindrical heater retaining cage constituted by a number of annular graphitic members serving as girdle frames and a number of graphitic support columns serving as vertical frames, the annular members and support columns being connected with each other through electric insulators and defining a series of divided sections around the heater retaining cage in each one of the heating zones; and a plurality of segmental graphitic heating elements supported in the respective divided sections of the heater retaining cage through electric insulators to form an independent heating circuit in each heating zone.

Abstract: A high temperature electric furnace has along its side walls vertical hollow electric resistance heating tubes (57) interconnected in serpentine fashion by conductive bridge plates (55). The tube ends and bridge plates are so contoured as to provide substantially uniform resistance along all possible current paths, thereby to avoid preferential current conduction with localized overheating. The bridge plates (55) and/or the tube ends are supported by air-cooled hollow hangers (28,45).

Abstract: A furnace for growing large single crystals from materials having high meng temperatures using the vertical solidification of melt method. The crucible containing the melt being encased in a muffle with vertically oriented heating rods arranged in a circular pattern around the outside of the muffle. The tops of the heating rods being electrically connected to a continuous graphite ring, and the bottoms of equal numbers of rods being electrically connected to two semi-circular sections of graphite. The power feeds for the heating rods being vertically brought into the furnace from the bottom for electrical connection to the semi-circular sections of graphite.

Abstract: A heater for use in the HIP apparatus for treating a work item or work items in a high temperature and pressure gas atmosphere by isostatic application of pressure in a heated condition, the heater including at least one heater assembly unit including a meandering heating element arranged into a cylindrical grid-like form having axial slits open alternately at the upper and lower ends thereof; a plurality of radial projections of a predetermined width extending radially outward from the upper ends of the meandering heating element at a number of predetermined positions including terminal ends thereof; a number of mounted holes formed through the radial extensions of the heating element; a number of support columns fixedly erected respectively on retaining members and having a male screw portion at the upper ends thereof respectively protruded upwardly through the mounting holes in the radial extensions of the heating element; and a number of nuts respectively threaded and tightened on the protruded ends of th