Abstract: A temperature measuring system is disclosed herein. The temperature measuring system includes an optical assembly and a spectral data receiver. The temperature measuring system views passing gas and measures the radiant response of a selected gas. The measurement includes radiant intensities with respect to wavelengths in the infrared region.

Abstract: An example integrated support and sensor includes a longitudinal member to support an inner duct relative to an outer duct, and a sensor received within a bore of the longitudinal member and configured to collect a measurement from a flow path bounded by the inner duct.

Abstract: A turbine engine includes a compressor section, a combustor section fluidly coupled to the compressor section, a turbine section fluidly coupled to the combustor section, and a drive shaft coupled to the turbine section and the compressor section. The turbine engine also includes a plurality of internal components coupled to one of the compressor section, the combustor section, the turbine section, and the drive shaft. The turbine engine also includes at least one micro infrared sensor coupled to at least one of the plurality of internal components. The micro infrared sensor is configured to detect a surface temperature of the plurality of internal components.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a high-temperature region of interest in a turbine engine (10) is provided. The method includes providing an internally-cooled stationary vane (12). The method may further include locating at least one monitoring port (14) in the stationary vane and operatively connecting a monitoring instrument (16) to the monitoring port to provide a field of view of a region of interest.

Abstract: Disclosed is a first transmitter that transmits a first optical signal towards a target, a plurality of receivers that receive the first optical signal after the first optical signal is reflected by the target and each provides a respective received optical signal, at least one photodetector that receives the received optical signals and provides at least a first electrical signal, and a processor that receives the first electrical signal to compute a position of the target relative to a baseline position based on: a first position of a first receiver of the plurality of receivers, a second position of a second receiver of the plurality of receivers, the first electrical signal. The processor computes a clearance between the target and a component based on a third position of a third receiver, a fourth position of a fourth receiver and a second electrical signal.

Abstract: A mobile measurement device, particularly for temporary use in or on vehicles, on stationary engines, or on test benches, consists of individual components (2) that might have different working temperatures, disposed in a common housing (1). Furthermore, at least one fan (6) is provided. In order to allow a very broad range of use with regard to the outside temperature range, at the smallest and lightest possible construction, in order to guarantee simple transport and great mobility, and reliable measurements within this range, the housing (1) is structured essentially in gastight manner.

Abstract: A system includes a controller configured to receive a signal from a thermal radiation sensor indicative of a temperature of a region including at least one fluid passage. The controller is also configured to detect a leak within the at least one fluid passage based on the signal.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide a non-intrusive thermal (NIT) monitor for sensing temperatures useful for semiconductor manufacturing applications. In some embodiments, a NIT monitor comprises a thermopile, a fluid housing with a fluid window, and an elongated member positioned between the thermopile and the fluid window for transmitting or reflecting infrared signals corresponding to a temperature of a fluid in the fluid housing. The fluid housing may have a cross-sectional profile to enable the manipulation of the fluid flow under the fluid window, enhancing the speed and accuracy of the temperature sampling. The elongated member, which may be hollow and coated with gold, may an extended piece of the fluid housing or a part of an optics housing. In some embodiments, the NIT monitor is connected to a main conditioning circuit board via a cable for processing the temperature measurements at a remote location.

Abstract: A device (10) for continuous measurement of the temperature of molten metal in a furnace or recipient for its production and treatment comprises a heat analysis instrument (14) placed in a lance (12) which blows inert gas and/or high-pressure compressed air against a surface of metal slag (18) of a furnace or recipient (20).

Abstract: A purge air flow passage structure has an air flow passage for ventilating the purge air, a separation space that is provided in the air flow passage and separates dust in the purge air therefrom, and a filter that is provided in the air flow passage, is positioned upstream of the separation space, and collects dust in the purge air. The filter includes two or more shielding parts each of which has a plurality of passing holes r slits arranged in the width direction of the filter. The shielding parts are successively arranged in the air flow passage to be separated from each other by a predetermined distance in the air flow direction. Each of the shielding parts includes a wall portion facing upstream that is positioned such that the wall portion is struck by the purge air that passed through the passing hole of the neighboring upstream shielding part.

Abstract: A pyrometer for use in measuring temperatures in a furnace, has a lens-tube for supporting an optical head in a port of the furnace for viewing an interior of the furnace along a line of sight. The optical head converts infrared radiation to electrical signals. A photometer circuit connected to the optical head processes the electrical signals and a scaling circuit connected to the photometer circuit scales the electrical signals. An output circuit connected to the scaling circuit receives the scaled electrical signals and produces output signals for display or control of the furnace. A power supply connected to the scaling circuit powers the photometer, scaling and output circuits. Calibration in the scaling circuit scales the electrical signals to be most sensitive to a wavelength of middle infrared radiation to which at least one gas component in the furnace is semi-transparent, for measuring the temperature of the at least one gas component.

Abstract: The invention provides a cooling system for protecting an image fiber and an imaging device from thermal influences and a temperature measurement apparatus, for a molten metal, capable of being easily controlled and stably measuring the temperature. The temperature measurement apparatus for a molten metal comprises four connectable portions of a nozzle portion a purge/cooling gas introduction portion, an image fiber fitting portion with a window glass and an image fiber to a double pipe nozzle protection tube. A distance from a nozzle distal end as an introduction portion of thermal radiation light to a light reception portion at an image fiber distal end becomes short so that a greater amount of thermal radiation light can be received.

Abstract: A pyrometer for use in measuring temperatures in a furnace, has a lens-tube for supporting an optical head in a port of the furnace for viewing an interior of the furnace along a line of sight. The optical head converts infrared radiation to electrical signals. A photometer circuit connected to the optical head processes the electrical signals and a scaling circuit connected to the photometer circuit scales the electrical signals. An output circuit connected to the scaling circuit receives the scaled electrical signals and produces output signals for display or control of the furnace. A power supply connected to the scaling circuit powers the photometer, scaling and output circuits. Calibration in the scaling circuit scales the electrical signals to be most sensitive to a wavelength of middle infrared radiation to which at least one gas component in the furnace is semi-transparent, for measuring the temperature of the at least one gas component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining a viewing window of a detector substantially clean includes enclosing the detector within a housing, and moving a target surface relative to the viewing window to create an airflow adjacent the viewing window. The housing can include an aperture through which the viewing window of the sensor views the target surface. Motion of the target surface creates an airflow velocity adjacent the viewing window for maintaining the viewing window substantially clean. To increase the accuracy of the detector, a high emissivity area is provided on an outside surface of the housing which faces the target surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining a viewing window of a detector substantially clean includes enclosing the detector within a housing, and moving a target surface relative to the viewing window to create an airflow adjacent the viewing window. The housing can include an aperture through which the viewing window of the sensor views the target surface. Motion of the target surface creates an airflow velocity adjacent the viewing window for maintaining the viewing window substantially clean. To increase the accuracy of the detector, a high emissivity area is provided on an outside surface of the housing which faces the target surface.

Abstract: An infrared thermal sensor assembly for sensing the temperature of a target, the sensor assembly including a heat sink having a bore therethrough; a thermopile housed in the bore; and a heater operative to heat the heat sink.

Abstract: A purge assembly for mounting to a radiation thermometer, comprises a purge tube for mounting in front of the radiation thermometer. At least two axially spaced chambers are positioned about the purge tube, each pair of chambers being linked by a respective restrictive opening such that a difference in pressure exists between adjacent chambers in use. An upstream chamber with respect to the flow of purge fluid is connected to source of purge fluid such as air in use and a downstream chamber with respect to the flow of purge fluid opens into the purge tube via a swirl reducing system whereby purge fluid is emitted into the purge tube in use. The chambers are positioned such that fluid flows through the chambers generally towards the lens and then through the downstream chamber opening towards an outer end of the purge tube away from the lens.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for remotely measuring emissivity and hence temperature of a surface of an object. The apparatus includes a detector having a radiation receptor for measuring infra-red radiation, an integrating cavity surrounding the receptor for receiving radiation from a surface facing the cavity and delivering the radiation to the receptor, at least two sources of infra-red containing radiation (e.g. light from an incandescent lamp) within the integrating cavity positioned to produce separate beams of the radiation which strike the surface at different angles suitable for reflection to the receptor, and a processor for determining the temperature of the surface from the radiation measured by the detecting means. The use of at least two mutually angled radiation beams compensates for surface anisotropy of the surface whose temperature is to be measured.

Abstract: The monitoring of energy radiating from a heated material, such as a hot melt adhesive, dispensed onto a substrate may be accomplished by an infrared sensor. The wand of the infrared sensor is located downstream of the dispensed material for receiving the radiant energy. The wand is provided with internal air for cooling and for providing laminar air flow in the vicinity of the lens to prevent the accumulation of airborne contaminants on the lens. The wand is also provided with a light aiming device.

Abstract: A light guide has a window through which radiation passes to a detector. The light guide is provided with a housing which defines a duct through which a flow of cooling fluid passes. The duct is arranged so that a proportion of the fluid flow passes over the external surface of the window to prevent deposition of contaminants thereon. A circumferential shield extends around the window to control the flow of radiation therethrough. The circumferential shield has a curved radial recess therein which imparts a rotational component of velocity to the flow of fluid passing over the surface of the window to promote cooling of the shield. The shield is further provided with an annular internal step which prevents radiation reflected from the inner wall of the shield passing through the shield.

Abstract: In a temperature measuring system for determining the temperature at numerous levels within a reactor: A flexible thermocouple support is introduced into a well which is positioned inside the reactor; the measuring system includes a hollow flexible thermocouple support extending from outside the well through one well end to near the opposite well end, and the hollow support is adapted to receive a purging substance and to pass said purging substance into the well.

Abstract: A purging air flow system that causes air to pass over a pyrometer lens or window to keep it clean and free from particulate contaminants has an annular, continuous slot for air inlet around the periphery of the lens to permit flow of air across the lens without any obstructions in the path of flow inwardly from the outer edge of the lens. An asymmetric flow pattern is established across the lens surface, either by having a differential size slot at different peripheral portions of the peripheral edge of the lens or window, or by providing a radial swirl about the axis of the window so that when the air goes through the slot, the tangential velocity creates a moving asymmetric flow pattern on the window surface.

Abstract: Sulphonated polyarylethers or thioethers are formed by polycondensing difunctional monomers having phenolic and/or thiophenolic and/or halogenic end groups in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent, at least to one of which monomers a sulphonic acid or a sulphonate salt is attached. The monomer(s) which the sulphonate group is attached is selected from monomers of formula I:X--Ph.sub.n --Y Iwherein:Ph is phenylene;X and Y are independently --OH or --SH; andn is an integer selected from 1 to 3.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an improved high temperature slag resistant thermocouple sheath for protecting thermocouples used to measure the temperature of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas produced by the partial oxidation of ash-containing liquid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous fuels. The protection thermocouple sheath is made from a continuous binary alloy consisting of about 30 to 70 wt. % of palladium and the remainder silver. It may be used over a temperature range of about 1000.degree. F. to 2400.degree. F.

Abstract: A turbine engine (10) having an optical pyrometer (38) for temperature measurement within the turbine (24) is disclosed. The shroud (64) of the turbine has a deflection surface (142) on the downstream side of an aperture (60) through which the pyrometer (38) images an area (56) in the turbine. The deflection surface (142) deflects into the flow path (26) of the combustion gas particulates which would otherwise enter a plenum (134). The imaging probe (52) of the pyrometer (38) is surrounded by a plenum (134) along its axial length to provide an air purging arrangement for the plenum (134) and the lens (66). Various geometrical relationships between the probe (52) and the shroud (64), and between the probe and the inner surface (98,136) of the plenum (134) are employed to minimize entry of particulates into the plenum and to provide an aerodynamically efficient purging system. Air tapped from a compressor (12) is used to cool the pyrometer (38) and supply the plenum (134).

Abstract: A high speed infrared temperature measuring device which consists of a lens barrel in an instrument housing, a sensor in the lens barrel to read an infrared target signal, a processing circuit for the signal, an automatic circuit for the thermoelectric cooler and a black body compensation circuit and means to read and record the processed signal.

Abstract: A purging air flow system for passing air over a lens to keep it clean and free from particulate contaminants and also for providing a positive flow of air away from the lens has baffles which cause a flow across the lens that is not symmetrical to avoid a dead air or stagnation zone in the center of the lens. The air supply used for such purging is controlled adequately so the flow changes direction and particles are removed from the main flow of purge air by inertial separation prior to the time the air contacts the lens. Such air entrained particles might otherwise deposit on the lens. A flow control orifice also may provide a secondary flow to carry the particles separated from the main flow out of the flow passageway.

Abstract: A radiation detector has a dual element sensor. One sensor element detects thermal radiation of a target at the same time the second sensor element detects thermal radiation of a reference object adjacent to the target. The dual element sensor produces a signal of the difference in the sensed radiations. A remote meter displays the thermal difference and provides an indication of sensed mass of the target relative to the mass of the reference. The display is driven by a circuit which provides a fast response of the sensed thermal difference and a slow decay of the response to provide a somewhat continuous display between targets detected in a series. Alarms may be sounded in accordance with certain readings of the display. A continuously flowing, dynamic pattern of thermal differences is detected and displayed in applications of the detector to assembly line processes.

Abstract: A radiation instrument has a purging air flow system for passing air over the lens to keep it clean and free from particulate contaminants and also for providing a positive flow of air away from the lens. The air supply used for such purging is controlled adequately so the flow changes direction and particles are removed from the main flow of purge air by inertial separation prior to the time the air contacts the lens. Such air entrained particles might otherwise deposit on the lens. A flow control orifice provides a secondary flow to carry the particles separated from the main flow out of the flow passageway.

Abstract: A thermocouple system for use in a high temperature reactor wherein a carbonaceous fuel is burned to produce a usable gas and a residual slag. The thermocouple is enclosed in a gas tight metal protection sheath which is inserted inside a multi-segment refractory thermowell. An annular space formed between the sheath and the thermowell is continuously purged with a minute quantity of a gas or a gaseous mixture. Gasification products from the residual slag, which are normally in a form that reacts with and destroys the thermocouple wires, are neutralized within the annular space by reaction with the purge gas mixture.

Abstract: Cleansing of a pyrometer lens is achieved by directing purge air spirally inward over the lens surface. The vortex formed by the spiral air flow is highly effective in removing contaminating matter from the lens surface. A light blocking or masking element is attached to the center of the lens where the purge air stagnates to prevent deposit of particles or other material on the center portion of the lens. This invention relates to a temperature sensing device and, more particularly, to an optical pyrometer and a method for effectively cleaning the same.

Abstract: A radiation pyrometer has an inner tube with a lens mounted in a rear portion which is stepped to a forward portion of reduced diameter that is open at its forward end. An outer tube extends coaxially around the inner tube and is separated from it by an annular gas passage. The outer tube has an aperture at its forward end that is smaller that the external diameter of the forward end of the inner tube and larger than the internal diameter. The outer tube has gas inlets into the passage which are located rearwardly of the forward end of the inner tube, the area of the gas inlets being greater than the gap between the forward end of the inner tube and the outer tube. Gas flows through the inlets, along the passage, across the forward end of the inner tube and out the aperture, thereby setting up a substantially constant pressure in the rear portion of the inner tube and reducing the entry of contaminants.

Abstract: A slight tube assembly, in combination with a sensing instrument, such as an optical pyrometer, for use in continuously monitoring the temperature of the first row of rotating blades in large gas turbines, particularly the type used in industry. Temperature data received by the pyrometer unit is fed to a control circuit, which regulates fuel input to the tubine to control the firing temperature. The key to obtaining reliable blade temperature data in the practice of this invention is the position of the sight tube in the turbine, which enables the pyrometer to "view" the rotating blades along a direct line of sight that penetrates a hot gas duct, but not the turbine section of the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring bath temperature of metallurgical furnaces through a tuyere is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a periscope adapted to be inserted into a tuyere, a fiber optic cable having one end connected to the periscope for receiving radiation entering the tuyere from the bath of a furnace, and a two wavelength pyrometer connected to the other end of the fiber optic cable for analysing the radiations transmitted through the fiber optic cable to provide an indication of the temperature of the bath.

Abstract: The present invention is a thermometer used for measuring furnace temperaes in the range of about 1800.degree. to 2700.degree. C. The thermometer comprises a broadband multicolor thermal radiation sensor positioned to be in optical alignment with the end of a blackbody sight tube extending into the furnace. A valve-shutter arrangement is positioned between the radiation sensor and the sight tube and a chamber for containing a charge of high pressure gas is positioned between the valve-shutter arrangement and the radiation sensor. A momentary opening of the valve shutter arrangement allows a pulse of the high gas to purge the sight tube of air-borne thermal radiation contaminants which permits the radiation sensor to accurately measure the thermal radiation emanating from the end of the sight tube.

Abstract: A ladle preheat station includes a wall, a ladle base for holding a ladle juxtapositioned to the wall on one side thereof, and burner extending through the wall for firing into the ladle interior. The wall includes a sight tube extending therethrough. An infrared pyrometer is mounted and spaced from the side of the wall opposite the ladle and is positioned to transmit a signal through the sight tube to measure the radiation of the ladle bottom and convert it into an electrical signal for control purposes.

Abstract: An improvement for a system used to measure temperature of hot gases that are laden with entrained solids. The system involves use of a pyrometer that is mounted outside of a sight hole through the wall of a vessel containing the laden hot gases. And, the improvement concerns a projecting shelf above the sight hole to divert molten slag in order to keep the sight hole clear. Also there is a sloped recess at the bottom of the sight hole to drain any slag away from the lower portion thereof.