Abstract: A multimode optical fiber includes a core and a cladding covering the core. The core has a radius in a range of 23.75-26.25 ?m. A refractive index profile of the core has a graded refractive index distribution with a refractive index distribution index ? in a range of 1.80-1.89. The core has a maximum relative refractive index difference ?1% in a range from 1.0% to 1.15%. The multimode optical fiber has a fusion loss less than or equal to 0.08 dB. The multimode optical fiber is applied in a middle-and-long distance distributed temperature-measuring system, and a temperature-measuring distance of the system reaches 10 km to 27 km. The system includes a pulsed laser light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, an avalanche photodiode, a data acquisition device, an upper computer, and the temperature-measuring multimode optical fiber.

Abstract: A device for identifying an aluminum alloy die-cast hub includes a laser scanning means, a controller and a computer, in which the laser scanning means includes an image sensor and is configured to shoot an image from the surface of the aluminum alloy die-cast hub; the controller and the computer are in data connection with the image sensor, and the model information of the hub is read from bar code information.

Abstract: The invention relates to an abrasive body (6) for a grinding tool with an abrasive layer (8), which has at least one binding agent (12) and abrasive grains (13), characterised in that thermochromic colouring agents are provided in the abrasive layer (8). The invention relates further to a grinding tool (1) with an abrasive body (6) according to the invention and elements (5) for connecting the grinding tool (1) to a driving device for rotatingly driving the abrasive body (6). The invention relates further to a use of the abrasive body (6) according to the invention or of the grinding tool (1) according to the invention for treating human body parts.

Abstract: This disclosure describes an enhanced temperature validation slide comprising a substrate and a removable label attached to the substrate with an adhesive. In some implementations, the label comprises at least two threshold temperature indicators, a transparent liquid impermeable barrier layer, a designated area for user generated information, an area for displayed information (i.e. a lot number), an area for displayed text or graphics linked to information stored online (i.e. a QR code), and a thermo-chromic visual indicator area. The various implementations of this disclosure may describe a validation slide utilizing any number of the features described above in any combination.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a temperature of a battery is provided. The method includes applying a thermochromatic coating to a surface of the battery. The method additionally includes directing electromagnetic radiation towards the thermochromatic coating, observing a thermochromatic response of the thermochromatic coating to the electromagnetic radiation, and identifying at least one portion of the battery that has experienced a temperature above a predefined threshold temperature, based on the thermochromatic response.

Abstract: A system for protecting the structural integrity of an engine strut may include a first monitor, a second monitor, and a controller communicatively coupled to the first monitor and the second monitor. The first monitor may be mounted proximate an engine strut coupling a turbine engine to an airframe of an aircraft. The second monitor may be mounted proximate the first monitor. The first monitor and the second monitor may each be configured to fail upon reaching a triggering temperature indicative of a burn-through in an engine case during operation of the turbine engine. The controller may be configured to automatically reduce an operating parameter of the turbine engine upon a failure of both the first monitor and the second monitor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for determining in-situ a temperature of a substrate with a thermal sensor in a vacuum chamber are described herein. In one embodiment a thermal sensor has a transmitter configured to transmit electromagnetic waves, a receiver configured to receive electromagnetic waves, and a controller configured to control the transmitter and receiver, wherein the controller determines a temperature from a difference between the transmitted electromagnetic wave and the received electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: An arrangement for use in a projection exposure tool (100) for microlithography comprises a reflective optical element (10; 110) and a radiation detector (30; 32; 130). The reflective optical element (10; 110) comprises a carrier element (12) guaranteeing the mechanical strength of the optical element (10; 110) and a reflective coating (18) disposed on the carrier element (12) for reflecting a use radiation (20a). The carrier element (12) is made of a material which upon interaction with the use radiation (20a) emits a secondary radiation (24) the wavelength of which differs from the wavelength of the use radiation (20a), and the radiation detector (30; 32; 130) is configured to detect the secondary radiation (24).

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods for semiconductor processing. A semiconductor substrate may be placed within a reaction chamber. The semiconductor substrate may have an inner region and an outer region laterally outward of said inner region, and may have a deposition surface that extends across the inner and outer regions. The semiconductor substrate may be heated by radiating thermal energy from the outer region to the inner region. The heating may eventually achieve thermal equilibrium. However, before thermal equilibrium of the outer and inner regions is reached, and while the outer region is warmer than the inner region, at least two reactants are sequentially introduced into the reaction chamber. The reactants may together form a single composition on the deposition surface through a quasi-ALD process.

Abstract: Disclosed is an analysis system and method for visualizing heat conduction of a solid state sample. The analysis system includes a sealed jig chamber, a jig, an air tempering unit, and a thermal image camera. The sealed jig chamber includes a chamber door for opening/closing the jig chamber. The jig is removeably mounted in the jig chamber and comprises a heat source in surface contact with a solid state sample to induce the heat conduction of the solid state sample. The air tempering unit supplies hot air into the jig and supplies cool air into the jig chamber. The thermal image camera photographs the heat conduction of the solid state sample to acquire a thermal image or video.

Abstract: Ion sources, systems and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the ion sources, systems and methods can exhibit relatively little undesired vibration and/or can sufficiently dampen undesired vibration. This can enhance performance (e.g., increase reliability, stability and the like). In certain embodiments, the ion sources, systems and methods can enhance the ability to make tips having desired physical attributes (e.g., the number of atoms on the apex of the tip). This can enhance performance (e.g., increase reliability, stability and the like).

Abstract: An electrode member has a plurality of spherical electrode sections wherein the radiuses of the spherical sections are different from each other. The spherical electrode sections are disposed in a state wherein the center points of the respective spheres match each other and the spherical electrode sections are insulated from each other such that voltages can be independently applied thereto. Electron-passing openings for electrons, which move from the center point to the outside of the electrode member, are formed at positions where the spherical electrode sections and a plurality of straight lines radially extending from the center point intersect each other.

Abstract: A metallic can end for a container is described. The metallic can end has a curl defining an outer perimeter of the can end. A wall extends downwardly from the curl. A strengthening member is joined to a lowermost end of the wall. A center panel is joined to the strengthening member and is centered about a longitudinal axis. The center panel has a product side and a public side. A rivet is located on the center panel. A displaceable tear panel is on the center panel. The tear panel is at least substantially defined by a frangible score and a non frangible hinge segment. A non-detachable tab is staked to the center panel by the rivet. The non-detachable tab has a nose end extending over a portion of the tear panel, a lift end opposite the nose end, and a central webbing between the nose and lift end. The webbing has a hinge region and a rivet island surrounding the rivet. The rivet island is at least partially surrounded by a first void region to provide a first exposed area of the center panel.

Abstract: A system for determining when an electrical contact or other component reaches a predetermined temperature. In operation, a trace material is dispersed into a surrounding environment (e.g., head space within a compartment above insulating oil), where the trace material is detected. A barrier may be ruptured or broken by temperature-induced gas pressure, or pierced by a spring-loaded member that is located within the same section that contains the trace material, and devices may be provided for moving the trace material through the foil barrier as the barrier is ruptured. The barrier may be opened solely by internal gas pressure. According to another embodiment, improved fail-safe operation may be achieved by providing a spring-loaded member and configuring the barrier to be ruptured by the pressure of the detectable gas material before the barrier is ruptured by the spring-loaded member.

Abstract: A method for measuring the real hot-spot temperature in an electric apparatus containing an oil, such as an electric power transformer. The electric apparatus is operated under predetermined and modifiable operating conditions. This method comprises the use of one or several chemical compounds or tracers present and soluble in the oil. Each tracer may transform, at a given temperature, in order to form a residue, such as a soluble gas. From the presence of the residue in the oil, the operator will be able to determine under which predetermined operating condition the hot-spot has been reached and to deduce the hot-spot for a given condition. Among different used compounds, there are diazoic compounds, carbonyl metals, colorants, pigments, liquid crystals and albumins. The method also allows to check the quality of the apparatus on the market and to estimate its life span.

Abstract: A method of determining the temperature of a sample carrier in a charged particle-optical apparatus, characterized in that the method comprises the observation of the sample carrier with a beam of charged particles, the observation giving information about the temperature of the sample carrier. The invention is based on the insight that a charged particle optical apparatus, such as a TEM, STEM, SEM or FIB, can be used to observe temperature related changes of a sample carrier. The changes may be mechanical changes (e.g. of a bimetal), crystallographic changes (e.g. of a perovskite), and luminescent changes (in intensity or decay time). In a preferred embodiment the sample carrier shows two bimetals, showing metals with different thermal expansion coefficients, bending in opposite directions. The distance between the two bimetals is used as a thermometer.

Abstract: A photoluminescent temperature sensing device and method utilizing a semi-conductor optical device adapted to operate as both a light-emitting device and a light detection device. The optical device emits a pulse of incident light, producing photoluminescent light that is received at the optical device. Signal information associated with a temperature-dependent characteristic of the photoluminescent light is created and temperature information if obtained from the signal information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for calculating a thermal protection factor, wherein the method comprises the steps of: applying heat to a first area coated with a thermal protection material, and a second area not coated with the thermal protection material; measuring the respective saturation temperatures of the first area and second area; calculating a first energy by dividing the energy corresponding to the heat applied to the first area by the saturation temperature of the first area; calculating a second energy by dividing the energy corresponding to the heat applied to the second area by the saturation temperature of the second area; and calculating the thermal protection factor of a thermal protection material by dividing the first energy by the second energy or dividing the difference between the first energy and the second energy by the first energy.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for melted materials includes an upper part and a detachable lower part. A tube extends coaxial to a longitudinal axis of the lower part, is closed on its end facing away from the upper part, and is open on the other end. The tube is arranged on an immersion end of the lower part facing away from the upper part. A guide tube, extending coaxial to a longitudinal axis of the upper part and being open on both ends, is arranged in a guide sleeve. A pressure acting in the direction of the lower part is applied to the guide tube by an elastic body and the guide tube touches against the lower part. One opening of the guide tube and the open end of the tube of the lower part are arranged adjacent to each other and coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the lower part.

Abstract: Use for measuring temperatures of a coordination complex presenting formula I, wherein M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 are chosen, each independently of the others, in the group consisting of: CuI, AgI, AuI, PdII; n is equal to the sum of the oxidation states of M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 minus 3; II represents a respective portion of each tridentate ligand having the formula III in which R1 is chosen in the group consisting of: Ph, C1-C4 alkyl, halo-alkyl C1-C4 substituted phenyl; R2 is chosen in the group consisting of: Ph, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 halo-alkyl-, substituted phenyl; R3 is chosen in the group consisting of: C3-C18 alkyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, C1-C20 hydroxy-alkyl, C1-C20 alkoxy silane.

Abstract: A temperature measuring apparatus and a temperature measuring method that may simultaneously measure temperatures of objects in processing chambers. The temperature measuring apparatus includes a first light separating unit which divides light from the light source into measurement lights; second light separating units which divide the measurement lights from the first light separating unit into measurement lights and reference lights; third light separating units which further divide the measurement lights into first to n-th measurement lights; a reference light reflecting unit which reflects the reference lights; an light path length changing unit which changes light path lengths of the reference lights reflected by the reference light reflecting unit; and photodetectors which measure interference between the first to n-th measurement lights reflected by the objects to be measured and the reference lights reflected by the reference light reflecting unit.

Abstract: Ion sources, systems and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the ion sources, systems and methods can exhibit relatively little undesired vibration and/or can sufficiently dampen undesired vibration. This can enhance performance (e.g., increase reliability, stability and the like). In certain embodiments, the ion sources, systems and methods can enhance the ability to make tips having desired physical attributes (e.g., the number of atoms on the apex of the tip). This can enhance performance (e.g., increase reliability, stability and the like).

Abstract: An atmospheric cloud height, humidity profile, or temperature measuring method and arrangement are provided. In the method, pulsed laser signals (14) are transmitted through transmission optics (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) to the atmosphere and the signal (15) reflected or scattered back from there is detected. An interference filter (3) is used in the optics, in order to stabilize the transmitted optical power to the centre wavelength of the interference filter (3).

Abstract: A method for estimating an operating temperature of component in turbo machinery includes providing body detachably affixed to component, operating machinery, stopping operation of machinery, and removing body. The method includes obtaining concentration profile by determining final concentration of at least one species in first material and in second material, and determining a transient concentration of at least one species between first material and second material. The method includes determining an operating temperature by correlating concentration profile to corresponding operating temperature for system. A system including body is also provided. Body includes at least one species, a first material having a starting first concentration of the species, a second material arranged to permit migration of the species from first material to second material. Species migrates from first material to second material during operation of turbo machinery allowing body to estimate temperature during operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for the optical calibration of the temperature of a micro-environment. The system comprises a thermochromic liquid crystal in combination with a luminophore. The steps of the method comprise providing in combination in the micro-environment at least one thermochromic liquid crystal and a luminophore, varying the temperature of the environment while irradiating the combination with light that includes light at one or more excitation wavelengths of the luminophore, and monitoring luminescence emitted by the combination while recording the temperature of the environment.

Abstract: In a specimen collecting method according to the present invention, a specimen is collected from a surface (114a) of a blade. An ultrasonic cutter having a cylindrical cutting blade is fed from the surface (114a) of the blade to a surface (110a) of a base material (100), and thus, a cylindrical incision is formed. After performing cutting to expand the incision outwardly, a rotating cutter (220) having a disc-shaped cutting blade (222) performs cutting inwardly from the cylindrical incision. Thus, a part (20a) situated inside the incision is cut away. The part (20a) becomes the specimen.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining when an electrical contact reaches the maximum allowable temperature. The methods and systems include defining a plurality of temperature indicators installed in at least one surface of the electrical contact to indicate at least one specific temperature; providing a trace material within the at least one temperature indicator; allowing the electrical contact to reach the at least one specific temperature at which the at least one temperature indicator is designed to activate in or on the at least one surface of the electrical contact; causing the trace material to disperse from the at least one temperature indicator into a surrounding environment; and monitoring the surrounding environment to determine when a predetermined quantity of the trace material has dispersed into the surrounding environment, thereby indicating that the electrical contact has reached the at least one specific temperature at which the at least one temperature indicator is designed to activate.

Abstract: An optical fiber based polymer core sensor includes an optical fiber having a core and an end having a cured polymer core affixed to the core of the optical fiber. The cured polymer core extends outward from the end of the optical fiber and has a diameter approximately equal to the core of the optical fiber. Note the cured polymer core can be substantially cylindrical, tapered or geometrically shaped. The optical fiber based polymer core sensor can be used to measure a temperature, measure a strain, measure a distance, measure a refractive index, detect or measure an analyte, detect a toxin, detect a biological agent, monitor a chemical process, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode member which has spherical sections, each of which configures a part of a sphere, and a plurality of spherical electrode sections wherein the radiuses of the spherical sections are different from each other. The spherical electrode sections are disposed in a state wherein the center points of the respective spheres match each other and the spherical electrode sections are insulated from each other such that voltages can be independently applied thereto. Electron-passing openings for straightly taking out electrons, which are moving from the center point, to the outside of the electrode are formed at positions where the spherical electrode sections and a plurality of straight lines radially extending from the center point intersect each other.

Abstract: A method of determining the temperature of a sample carrier in a charged particle-optical apparatus, characterized in that the method comprises the observation of the sample carrier with a beam of charged particles, the observation giving information about the temperature of the sample carrier. The invention is based on the insight that a charged particle optical apparatus, such as a TEM, STEM, SEM or FIB, can be used to observe temperature related changes of a sample carrier. The changes may be mechanical changes (e.g. of a bimetal), crystallographic changes (e.g. of a perovskite), and luminescent changes (in intensity or decay time). In a preferred embodiment the sample carrier shows two bimetals, showing metals with different thermal expansion coefficients, bending in opposite directions. The distance between the two bimetals is used as a thermometer.

Abstract: A temperature-responsive photonic crystal device comprising having a temperature-responsive photonic crystal material, whereby exposure of the device to a temperature above a predetermined threshold temperature is indicated by a detectable change in the device.

Abstract: A fiber-optic temperature sensor assembly comprises a cap with an inner cavity. A sensor substance is received loosely in the inner cavity of the cap, the sensor substance having light-emitting properties adapted to change with specific temperature variations. An optical fiber has a first end received in the inner cavity of the cap and fusion spliced thereto, and a second end of the optical fiber being adapted to be connected to a processing unit for transmitting light signals from the sensor substance to the processing unit when the fiber-optic temperature sensor assembly is subjected to specific temperatures. A method for manufacturing the fiber-optic temperature sensor assembly is defined.

Abstract: This present invention discloses a detachable probe cover for an ear thermometer and a manufacturing method thereof. The detachable probe cover for the ear thermometer is for being mounted onto a measuring probe of the ear thermometer, wherein a combining mechanism is provided at a bottom of the measuring probe and the detachable probe cover comprises a main body of a hollow structure and a base, in which the main body has an open end and a closed end opposite to the open end, and the hollow structure has a diameter gradually reducing from the open end toward the closed end.

Abstract: A method for determining the relative body temperature of a warm-bodied animal is described. The method, in part, involves an article of manufacture that provides a manifestation, or visually observable indication on an exterior surface, of a relative state of the warm-bodied animal's body temperature, either being too cold or too hot, as a measure against relative levels of hypothermia or hyperthermia, or poor circulation.

Abstract: A system for and method of determining thermal history of components which are subjected to high-temperature environments, such as in boilers, fuel cells, furnaces, engines and gas turbines, and temperature-monitoring materials and coatings for use in such a system and method.

Abstract: A patch having an infrared (IR) target is placed proximate to the surface of a mammal. The patch may include an insulator for protecting the target from exterior, ambient IR and may include bar codes or other indicia uniquely associated with either the patch or the mammal. The patch may also include a bio-reactive agent for indicating characteristics such as the pH of the mammal's skin. The patch may also include a thermometer for sensing the level of IR radiation from the IR target and may include a display of the temperature associated with such a level. The patch may also include a transmitter for wirelessly communicating information about such level to a remote location. A method of using the patch is also disclosed.

Abstract: An infrared inspection and reporting process and system obtains inspection data on site via a portable computer. An actual temperature of a component derived from an infrared image and a temperature delta between the temperature of the component and the maximum temperature for the component is calculated to determine if there is a problem. A criticality level is assigned for each problem component from a plurality of criticality levels each having a predetermined range for the temperature delta. The criticality level provides an accurate and consistent assessment of component conditions. The inspection data is up linked to a home server from the portable computer and is made available to the customer via an interactive, on-line web application. The customer can interact with the inspection dating including an interactive prediction of energy savings if the problem component is repaired.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for precise substrate cool down control are provided. Apparatus for measuring temperature of substrates may include a cool down plate to support a substrate; a sensor to provide data corresponding to a temperature of the substrate when disposed on the cool down plate; and a computer coupled to the sensor to determine the temperature of the substrate from the sensor data. A method for measuring the temperature of a substrate may include providing a substrate to be cooled to a chamber having a cool down plate disposed therein, a sensor to provide data corresponding to a temperature of the substrate, and a computer coupled to the sensor; sensing a first temperature of the substrate after a predetermined first time interval has elapsed; comparing the first temperature to a predetermined temperature; and determining whether the first temperature is greater than, equal to, or less than the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A temperature-indicating container having thermal insulation and a temperature indicator in the side wall or the bottom of the container visible from outside the container. A method for making such a container is also provided.

Abstract: A wave energy transmission apparatus has a conduit made from a refractory oxide. A transparent, refractory ceramic window is coupled to the conduit. Wave energy passing through the window enters the conduit.

Abstract: A high-speed absorption spectrographic system employs a slit-less spectroscope to obtain high-resolution, high-speed spectrographic data of combustion gases in an internal combustion engine allowing precise measurement of gas parameters including temperature and species concentration.

Abstract: To provide a fluorescent temperature sensor wherein light is propagated reliably with an easy adjustment. A fluorescent temperature sensor for producing a temperature signal from fluorescent light of an optically excited fluorescent material includes: a light emitting device for projecting light to the fluorescent material; a photoreceiving element for receiving fluorescent light emitted from the fluorescent material 1; a case for housing both the light emitting device and the photoreceiving element; and an optical fiber, between the case and the fluorescent material, for propagating the light of both the light emitting device and the fluorescent material.

Abstract: Dual-wall container includes an outer wall that is at least one of at least partially substantially transparent and at least partially substantially translucent, an inner wall adapted to contain a substance, at least one symbol arranged an outer surface of the inner wall, and at least one of a coating of a thermochromatic composition arranged on the outer surface of the inner wall, a thermochromatic composition layer arranged on the outer surface of the inner wall, and a thermochromatic composition arranged on an outer surface of at least the at least one symbol. The thermochromatic composition is structured and arranged to change color when the inner wall experiences or senses a temperature change. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A lid (30) for a disposable beverage container (32). The lid (30) includes at least a region having thermochromic properties which is/are adapted to change color upon reaching a predetermined non-ambient temperature in response to heat transfer from or to contents (40) of the container (32). Also disclosed is a lid (60) including at least one recess (62) having an internal side wall or walls (64) that substantially correspond in size and shape to the external side wall(s) (66) of a container (68). The lid internal side walls (64) are adapted to securely frictionally engage, over substantially their entire surface area, the external side wall(s) (66) of another like container (68).

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-destructive method for monitoring and calibrating chamber temperature. One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring temperature comprising forming a target film on a test substrate at a first temperature, wherein the target film has one or more properties responsive to thermal exposure, exposing the target film to an environment at a second temperature in a range higher than the first temperature, measuring the one or more properties of the target film after exposing the target film to the environment at the second temperature, and determining the second temperature according to the measured one or more properties.

Abstract: An infrared inspection and reporting process and system obtains inspection data on site via a portable computer. An actual temperature of a component derived from an infrared image and a temperature delta between the temperature of the component and the maximum temperature for the component is calculated to determine if there is a problem. A criticality level is assigned for each problem component from a plurality of criticality levels each having a predetermined range for the temperature delta. The criticality level provides an accurate and consistent assessment of component conditions. The inspection data is up linked to a home server from the portable computer and is made available to the customer via an interactive, on-line web application. The customer can interact with the inspection dating including an interactive prediction of energy savings if the problem component is repaired.

Abstract: A non-electrical intermetallic thermal sensor with trigger temperatures in a range of 360° F. to about 430° F., comprising, a hermetically sealed housing including at least one layer of electronegative metal disposed in the housing, wherein the electronegative metal comprises tin (Sn), and at least one layer of active lithium/magnesium alloy disposed in the housing, wherein each layer(s) of active lithium/magnesium alloy is disposed in abutting interface with each layer(s) of electronegative metal. The intermetallic thermal sensors of the present invention further include at least one diffusion barrier means for inhibiting the diffusion of the active lithium/magnesium alloy layer into the electronegative layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dual-probe thermally compensated fluorescence decay rate temperature sensor capable of measuring the true temperature of a sample surface and its associated method of use.

Abstract: A system and method for a multi-temperature indicator stick. The multi-temperature indicator stick includes an elongated stick configured to indicate two or more predetermined temperatures. The elongated stick includes a first temperature indication material configured to indicate a first predetermined temperature upon being subjected to the first predetermined temperature. The elongated stick also includes a second temperature indication material configured to indicate a second predetermined temperature upon being subjected to the second predetermined temperature. The first temperature indication material and the second temperature indication material share a common interface extending longitudinally along the elongated stick.

Abstract: A full-history time-temperature indicator system which is capable of exhibiting a time-temperature dependent and visually detectable chemical reaction, useful for monitoring the time and temperature exposure of food products. The system comprises an immobilized reactant, such as Fe3+, and a mobile reactant, such as Fe(CN)64-, initially contained in separate compartments, and separated by a sealing. The system is activated by removing a sealing between the compartments whereby the mobile reactant in a time-temperature dependent manner is brought into contact with the immobilized reactant resulting in a visually detectable reaction signal.