Abstract: The problem is to provide a probe holder for fixing, using a simple configuration, a plurality of probes in a state in which the positional relationships of the probes are defined. To solve the problem, provided is a probe holder for holding probes for emitting or detecting light and attaching the probes to the head of a subject, the probe holder including: a plurality of basic units each holding three of the probes with a single plate; and a plurality of couplers each linking a respective one of the three of the probes and adjacent probes to form a plurality of adjacent probes that are linked at a point equidistant from the plurality of adjacent probes, each probe in the plurality of adjacent probes being included in a different one of the plurality of basic units.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to laser interferometric systems, methods, and structures exhibiting superior laser phase noise tolerance particularly in seismic detection applications wherein laser requirements are advantageously relaxed by employing a novel configuration wherein the same laser which generates an outgoing signal is coherently detected using the same laser as local oscillator and fiber turnarounds are employed that result in the cancellation and/or mitigation of undesired mechanical vibration.

Abstract: A phacoemulsification system including a phacoemulsification probe having a probe body, a horn disposed at least partially in the probe body, a needle coupled with the horn and configured to be inserted into an eye, and a piezoelectric actuator disposed in the probe body and configured to vibrate the horn and the needle in a first direction with a stroke length with respect to the probe body; a signal generator configured to generate a drive signal to drive a vibration of the piezoelectric actuator; a stroke measurement apparatus configured to provide indications of the stroke length of the needle over time; and a controller configured to dynamically adjust a frequency of the drive signal so as to maximize the stroke length and maintain mechanical resonance of the needle responsively to the provided indications of the stroke length.

Abstract: An optical cable (31) includes: a stress wave detection optical cable (30) having an optical fiber (7) and a plurality of first steel wires (8) which are helically wound so as to surround the optical fiber (7) and which are surrounded by a flexible material (9); and second steel wires (32) different from the first steel wires (8). The stress wave detection optical cable (30) and the plurality of second steel wires (32) are helically wound to form one annular body as a whole, and a winding angle (?) of the stress wave detection optical cable (30) with respect to the axis is determined by a property value prescribed by Lamé constants of the flexible material (9).

Abstract: A remote temperature measurement system for a gas turbine engine includes an optical emitter/receiver in communication with the control system and a probe system embedded within a component of the gas turbine engine, the probe system within a line-of-sight of the optical emitter/receiver, the control system operable to determine a local temperature of the component in response to optical communication with the probe system.

Abstract: Side light LED troffer tube. In an aspect, a side light LED tube is provided that includes a tube having at least one light receiving portion configured to receive light and gradient optics formed on the tube. The gradient optics providing a transparency gradient configured to distribute the light to achieve a selected emitted light intensity variation across a selected surface of the tube.

Abstract: A superconducting magnet comprising: a field coil comprising high temperature superconducting material and having a joint; a bypass resistance comprising a non-superconducting conductive material, wherein the bypass resistance is electrically connected to the field coil on both sides of the joint; wherein the joint is openable to break the field coil such that current flowing in the superconductor flows though the bypass resistance in order to dump energy from the field coil, and wherein the superconducting magnet is configured to open the joint in response to detection of a quench in the magnet.

Abstract: A 3D object information capturing system is provided, including a camera module, a distance measuring module, and a processing module. The camera module captures image information of an object, and the distance measuring module captures distance information of the object. The processing module receives the image information and the distance information respectively from the camera module and the distance measuring module, and constructs a 3D model of the object according to the image information and the distance information.

Abstract: A phosphor thermometry device includes a laser that generates a laser pulse onto a thermal barrier coating (TBC) applied onto a substrate. A metallic bond coat layer is on the substrate. A ceramic top coat layer is on the bond coat layer and includes an undoped layer and a doped sensing layer having co-doped first and second rare-earth luminescent dopants that emit respective first and second different emission wavelengths upon excitation by the laser pulse. A detector receives reflected, convoluted luminescence signals from the TBC. First and second photomultiplier devices detect respective first and second different emission wavelengths of the convoluted luminescence signals. A controller receives and processes signals generated from respective first and second photomultiplier devices and determines luminescence lifetime decay and intensity variations for each of the respective first and second rare-earth luminescent dopants for temperature monitoring of the TBC.

Abstract: An improved lime mud recycling system including a camera proximate the kiln outlet imaging the granular lime and providing outlet images of the granular lime exiting the kiln, a processor analyzing the outlet images of the granular lime and providing pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln, as well as a controller communicating with the processor comparing the pebble size distribution of the granular lime exiting the kiln with predetermined prescribed operating parameters for pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln and issuing (I) a notification and/or (II) a control signal prompting remedial action when the pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln are outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters.

Abstract: A reactor temperature measurement system includes a Fiber Bragg Grating sensor array arranged in a body of the reactor for monitoring temperatures at multiple positions in an axial direction of the body to obtain temperature sensing optical signals; and a fiber grating demodulator, connected to the Fiber Bragg Grating sensor array, and used to demodulate the temperature sensing optical signals. A method for preparing a Fiber Bragg Grating includes preparing a Fiber Bragg Grating by using a single-mode fiber and annealing the Fiber Bragg Grating, which includes heating the Fiber Bragg Grating to a temperature above 400° C. and maintaining for 100 to 200 hours.

Abstract: A method for producing a glass furnace, including a refractory portion, a waveguide with a measurement portion extending into the refractory portion and an interrogator connected to an input of the waveguide to inject an interrogation signal. The measurement portion incorporating a sensor to send a response signal to the interrogator in response to the injection. The interrogator analyzing the response signal and sending a message. Arranging, inside a mold, a temporary part configured to leave space for a compartment for the measurement portion. Preparing a starting feedstock and introducing the starting feedstock into the mold such that the part is embedded therein to obtain a preform. Hardening the preform to form the refractory portion. Removing the temporary part to make the compartment. Assembling the refractory portion with other constituent elements and introducing the measurement portion into the compartment and connecting the interrogator to the input of the waveguide.

Abstract: In some examples, optical fiber identification and distance measurement may include utilizing a reflectometer and optical fiber connection device that includes a Rayleigh wavelength pass filter to pass, in one direction, an optical reflectometer signal to an optical fiber. The reflectometer and optical fiber connection device may include a Raman wavelength pass filter to filter out, in another direction, Rayleigh backscattering from the optical reflectometer signal. Further, the Raman wavelength pass filter may pass, in the another direction, a Raman Anti-Stokes signal from the optical fiber.

Abstract: A fiber optic temperature probe is disclosed. The fiber optic temperature probe includes a probe shaft containing an optical fiber. An optical temperature sensor element is coupled to the probe shaft and configured to be excited by light from the optical fiber and emit light back to the optical fiber. A thermally conductive plate is coupled to the probe shaft and interfaces with the optical temperature sensor element. Baffling extends from the probe shaft and surrounds the edges of the thermally conductive plate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an arrangement (100) for obtaining a quantity related to a temperature along a part of an optical fibre (110). The arrangement comprises a light emitter (120) arranged to emit light into the optical fibre (110). The optical fibre is at at least one location along said part of the optical fibre provided with a Fibre Bragg Gratings, FBGs (111, 112, 113), wherein the FBGs are arranged to reflect light within a predetermined wavelength range. The arrangement further comprises a detector (160) arranged to receive and detect the reflected light, a first optical shutter (130) arranged in the optical path after the light emitter. The first optical shutter is arranged to be opened and closed in order to let the emitted light through and into the optical fibre (110), a second optical shutter (150) arranged to be opened and closed in order to let the reflected light through, and an optical circulator (140) having a first, a second and a third port.

Abstract: Examples of a fiber optic temperature measuring system for measuring a temperature of a surface at multiple points simultaneously in real time is provided. The fiber optic temperature measuring system comprises a fiber optic probe with fiber bundle with plurality of individual fibers with thermographic phosphor at the fiber's tip and a high-speed camera. Invention allows accurate multipoint measurement of ESC' surface temperature. The thermographic phosphor is embedded in a nudge at the tip of each individual fibers or on the surface (under the surface) at predetermined positions.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system configured to measure a temperature of a target object having a first main surface and a second main surface includes a light source unit configured to emit output light penetrating the target object and including a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range; a measurement unit configured to measure a spectrum of reflected light; an optical path length ratio calculator configured to calculate an optical path length ratio between the output light of the first wavelength range and the output light of the second wavelength range; and a temperature calculator configured to calculate the temperature of the target object based on the optical path length ratio and a previously investigated relationship between the temperature of the target object and a refractive index ratio between the output light of the first wavelength range and the output light of the second wavelength range.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining temperatures of substrates in microwave and/or vacuum environments. A substrate holder with a plurality of support pins includes a temperature sensor assembly with at least a portion of a surface with a phosphorous coating is configured to be inserted in at least one pin support position from an inner area of the substrate holder and in at least one pin support position from an outer area of the substrate holder. The temperature sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor pin with a spring that is microwave transparent. The temperature sensor pin is made of a material with a thermal conductivity greater than approximately 200 W/mK and a low thermal mass which is microwave transparent. An optical transmission assembly is embedded into at least a portion of the substrate holder to receive light emissions from a surface of the temperature sensor pin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite particle for use in a marking that is suitable for identification/authentication purposes. The particle comprises at least one superparamagnetic portion and at least one thermoluminescent portion coated with an thermoisolating portion. Optionally also a thermoconductive portion between the superparamagnetic and thermoluminscent portions.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting dynamic strain of a housing. The system includes an optical fiber linearly affixed along a surface of a length of the housing and an interrogator comprising a laser source and a photodetector. The optical fiber comprises at least one pair of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) tuned to reflect substantially identical wavelengths with a segment of the optical fiber extending between the FBGs. The segment of the optical fiber is linearly affixed along the surface of the housing. The interrogator is configured to perform interferometry by shining laser light along the optical fiber and detecting light reflected by the FBGs. The interrogator outputs dynamic strain measurements based on interferometry performed on the reflected light.

Abstract: A distributed temperature sensor system has a pulsed laser coupled to a circulator, the circulator having a laser input and coupling energy to an optical reference coil in series with a measurement fiber having loops or helical turns, the circulator having a backscatter signal port coupling backscattered reflections from the measurement fiber. The backscatter signal port is coupled to a switch and mux, the switch and mux selecting either an anti-Stokes filter or a Stokes filter, the output of the mux coupled to a photodetector, the photodetector coupled to a histogram processor synchronized to the pulsed laser enable. The histogram processor uses the anti-Stokes and Stokes histogram counts associated with a sensor region to estimate a temperature of that sensor region.

Abstract: The invention relates to an efficient process for the preparation and isolation of rubber particles formed in aqueous media and highly pure rubbers obtained thereby. The invention further relates to copolymer products comprising the same or derived therefrom.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to substrate supports for process chambers and RF grounding configurations for use therewith. Methods of grounding RF current are also described. A chamber body at least partially defines a process volume therein. A first electrode is disposed in the process volume. A pedestal is disposed opposite the first electrode. A second electrode is disposed in the pedestal. An RF filter is coupled to the second electrode through a conductive rod. The RF filter includes a first capacitor coupled to the conductive rod and to ground. The RF filter also includes a first inductor coupled to a feedthrough box. The feedthrough box includes a second capacitor and a second inductor coupled in series. A direct current (DC) power supply for the second electrode is coupled between the second capacitor and the second inductor.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for terahertz spectroscopy and imaging in dynamic environments. In an embodiment, a method comprises using a sensor of an electronic device to determine an orientation of the electronic device. A transmitter of the electronic device emits an electromagnetic (EM) wave in a terahertz (THz) frequency band into a dynamic environment according to a power duty cycle that is determined at least in part by the orientation. A receiver of the electronic device receives a reflected EM wave from the environment. A spectral response of the reflected EM wave is determined that includes absorption spectra that is indicative of the transmission medium in the environment. The absorption spectra are compared with known absorption spectra of target transmission mediums. Based on the comparing, a particular target transmission medium is identified as being the transmission medium in the environment, and a concentration level of the identified target transmission medium in the environment is determined.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to indicating systems and methods for incontinence products. The indicating system may include an indicator panel for an incontinence product that is adapted to provide a qualitative or quantitative indication of a characteristic of a liquid absorbed by the indicator panel.

Abstract: A flexible optical element adopting liquid crystals (LCs) as the materials for realizing electrically tunable optics is foldable. A method for manufacturing the flexible element includes patterned photo-polymerization. The LC optics can include a pair of LC layers with orthogonally aligned LC directors for polarizer-free properties, flexible polymeric alignment layers, flexible substrates, and a module for controlling the electric field. The lens power of the LC optics can be changed by controlling the distribution of electric field across the optical zone. Lens power control can be provided using combinations of electrode configurations, drive signals and anchoring strengths in the alignment layers.

Abstract: An overheat detection system for an aircraft, the system comprising a first bleed monitoring computer, BMC1, configured to identify leakages in a pneumatic system, the BMC1 including a first optical controller, a second bleed monitoring computer, BMC2, the BMC2 including a second optical controller, an optical fiber link connecting the first optical controller of the BMC1 and the second optical controller of the BMC2 for communication between the BMC1 and the BCM2 and between the first optical controller and the second optical controller, wherein the first and the second optical controllers are configured to detect overheat of the optical fiber link based on a wavelength shift of a modulated optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber link, and transmit signals to the first BMC1 and the second BMC2 based at least on the detected overheat.

Abstract: A low-complexity precoding method for large-scale MIMO fast convergence is provided. The method includes the following steps: in step 1, starting a precoding procedure to initialize relevant parameters of an MIMO transmitting antenna; in step 2, accelerating a symmetric successive over-relaxation algorithm through a Chebyshev semi-iterative algorithm to complete a precoding inversion process according to the initialized parameters; and in step 3, generating a signal to be transmitted of the MIMO transmitting antenna according to a result of the iterative algorithm and ending the precoding procedure. Herein, the step of initializing the parameters includes parameter initialization and setting a number of transmitting antennas, a number of single-antenna users, and a channel transmission matrix.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe rapid temperature measurement by wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) that determines gas temperature from 2ƒ signals from two absorption lines by WMS methodologies even when the gas concentration is sufficiently high to saturate optical absorptions. In sharp contrast to the prior art, rapid temperature measurement by WMS according to aspects of the present disclosure employs both a 2ƒ signal ratio and gas concentration determined from the 2ƒ signal.

Abstract: A temperature monitoring apparatus configured to monitor a temperature of a portion of a vehicle's electrical energy distribution network is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first optical fibre including one or more temperature sensing sections, each temperature sensing section being for thermal contact with a portion of a vehicle's electrical energy distribution network. Each temperature sensing section is arranged to produce, in response to an optical input signal, an optical output signal indicative of the temperature of the temperature sensing section. The apparatus is arranged to determine a temperature of the portion of the vehicle's electrical energy distribution network based on one or more of the output optical signals in use.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plasma generating system that includes: a waveguide; a plasma cavity coupled to the waveguide and configured to generate a plasma therewithin by use of microwave energy; a hollow cylinder protruding from a wall of the waveguide and having a bottom cap that has an aperture; a detection unit for receiving the light emitted by the plasma through the aperture and configured to measure intensities of the light in an ultraviolet (UV) range and an infrared (IR) range; and a controller for controlling the detection unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring surface temperature of a substrate being illuminated by a pulsed light beam configured to heat the substrate and by a beam of probing light, wherein the heated substrate emits a radiated beam of thermal radiation, wherein the apparatus includes an optical system configured to collect the radiated beam and a reflected beam of probing light propagating in substantially close directions, wherein the collected radiated beam and the collected reflected beam are separately routed to a respective detector via a respective routing element, the respective detectors being configured to measure the intensity of the collected radiated beam and collected reflected beam simultaneously and at the same wavelength, wherein the surface temperature is calculated based on the collected radiated beam and on the collected reflected beam.

Abstract: A sensor system comprises a pulsed light source, and a passive sensor head chip in communication with the light source. The sensor head chip includes a first photonics substrate, a transmitting optical component on the first photonics substrate and configured to couple a pulse, transmitted through a first optical fiber from the light source, into a region of interest; and a receiving optical component on the first photonics substrate and configured to couple backscattered light, received from the region of interest, into a second optical fiber. A signal processing chip communicates with the sensor head chip and light source. The signal processing chip includes a second photonics substrate and comprises a passive optical filter array that receives the backscattered light from the second optical fiber. The filter array includes notch filters in communication with each other and operative for frequency selection; and optical detectors respectively coupled to the notch filters.

Abstract: A sensor installed into a mold including a cable insertion member having a fixing portion with a fitting recess is provided. The sensor includes an optical fiber a part of which is bendable, and a fiber holder having a fiber insertion portion through which the optical fiber is inserted and a to-be-fixed portion extending from the fiber insertion portion. Further, the to-be-fixed portion is fixed to the fixing portion while being fitted to the fitting recess.

Abstract: Multi-spectral feature sensing techniques and sensor and related digital signal processing circuitry and methods. A method of operating a digital signal processing circuitry includes acquiring optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) data from an interferometer operably coupled to a tunable laser and a sensing fiber, separating sensor signals corresponding to sensors of the sensing fiber from the OFDR data, and inferring a relative shift of a separated sensor signal. A digital signal processing circuitry includes a front end circuitry and a back end circuitry. The front end circuitry is configured to isolate sensor responses from an input signal including OFDR data. The back end circuitry is configured to determine a phase shift corresponding to each isolated sensor response.

Abstract: A flexible sensing panel includes a flexible substrate having first and second major surfaces, first and second separated side edges, and first and second ends, the flexible substrate being at least partly disposed between a flexible protective layer and a flexible fastening layer, and at least one sensing element being disposed on the flexible substrate. The protective layer is secured to the first major surface of the flexible substrate and is folded over the first and second side edges onto the second major surface of the flexible substrate and secured thereto to position at least part of the first and second side edges within the so formed folds, and wherein the fastening layer is at least partly disposed on the second major surface of the flexible substrate and secured thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for adjusting the installation location of a temperature sensor configured to measure the surface temperature of a wafer in a semiconductor wafer cleaning apparatus. The apparatus includes: a bracket which is disposed in the upper end of the side wall of each of multi-station processing chambers (MPCs); a first fastening member which fastens a cable; a second fastening member which fastens a temperature sensor; a location adjustment member which fastens and supports the temperature sensor; the temperature sensor which is fixedly coupled to an end of the location adjustment member; a jig which includes a location adjustment plate and a control substrate, and which adjusts the detection location of the temperature sensor; and a controller which is provided with a wafer surface monitoring system configured to separate the surface temperature into a plurality of channels and to display the surface temperature.

Abstract: Examples of a fiber optic temperature measuring system for measuring a temperature of a surface at multiple points simultaneously in real time is provided. The fiber optic temperature measuring system comprises a fiber optic probe with fiber bundle with plurality of individual fibers with thermographic phosphor at the fiber's tip and a high-speed camera. Invention allows accurate multipoint measurement of ESC' surface temperature. The thermographic phosphor is embedded in a nudge at the tip of each individual fibers or on the surface (under the surface) at predetermined positions.

Abstract: A system for facilitating evaluation of characteristics related to quality associated with a machine design may include a user input device configured to generate a query related to one or more characteristics related to quality associated with a machine design. The system may also include a display device configured display images, and a processor in communication with the user input device and the display device. The processor may be configured to receive a query from the user input device, access data representative of the machine design, and generate image data representative of characteristics related to quality associated with the machine design. The image data may be communicated to the display device to display a machine image including a color-coded representation of at least a portion of a machine and a textual image including textual representations of information related to the machine design.

Abstract: A gas detector sensor node includes a first sensor conductor having a terminal end, a second sensor conductor including an end section, and a coupler joining the terminal end of the first sensor conductor with the end section of the second sensor conductor. The coupler is permeable to gas.

Abstract: A method for non-combustive gasification of a hydrocarbon material includes introducing a mass of hydrocarbon material into a chamber, wherein a transmissive wall of the chamber has a pass band in the infrared frequency spectrum, removing air from the chamber; heating the hydrocarbon material within the chamber by radiating, from an infrared emitter, infrared radiation at a frequency corresponding to the pass band to convert at least one component of the hydrocarbon material to a gas, and turning the hydrocarbon material within the chamber to expose inner material to the infrared radiation.

Abstract: In some examples, a temperature distribution sensor may include a laser source to emit a laser beam that is tunable over a wavelength range. The wavelength range may be less than a Raman bandwidth in a device under test (DUT), or of-the-order-of the Raman bandwidth in the DUT. A pulsed source may apply a pulse drive signal to the laser beam or to a modulator to modulate the laser beam that is to be injected into the DUT. A bandpass filter may be operatively disposed between the laser source and the DUT, and may be configured to an anti-Stokes wavelength that is narrower than the Raman bandwidth. A photodiode may be operatively disposed between the bandpass filter and the DUT to acquire, from the DUT, anti-Stokes optical time-domain reflectometer traces for two preset wavelengths of the laser beam to determine a temperature distribution for the DUT.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure describe single mode fiber distributed temperature sensing (DTS) with improved noise characteristics employing superluminescent emitting diodes (SLEDs) and/or amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light sources.

Abstract: An OFDR based fiber-optics sensor for distributed real-time temperature rise monitoring of a transformer in operation has been disclosed. The fiber-optic sensor provides an effective solution to monitoring the physical structures of the transformer core, as well as accurately detecting the non-uniform temperature distribution inside the transformer, and thus provides innovative feedback to the transformer design by minimizing the core losses. Additionally, the method may be responsive to the presence of magnetic and electric fields, as well as responsive to various chemical species. The method allows novel approaches to real-time asset monitoring of power transformers while operational.

Abstract: A color conversion element includes: a phosphor layer that includes at least one type of phosphor; a reflecting layer stacked on the phosphor layer; a substrate disposed in a position opposite to the reflecting layer; a joining portion interposed between the reflecting layer and the substrate for joining the reflecting layer and the substrate; and an absorbing portion disposed above a principal surface of the substrate closer to the joining portion. The absorbing portion is covered with the joining portion and absorbs laser light having a wavelength that excites the phosphor.

Abstract: The present application thus provides a thermal barrier coating spallation detection system for a gas turbine. The thermal barrier coating spallation detection system may include a hot gas path component with a phosphor layer and a thermal barrier coating, a stimulant radiation source, and an optical device such that the optical device directs stimulant radiation at the thermal barrier coating and receives emission radiation. A change in the received emission radiation indicates spallation of the thermal barrier coating.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring fluid speed by using the refraction of light is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a channel in which a passage is formed to allow the flow of a fluid; a first and a second light source that are located in any one region of an upper part and a lower part of the channel; a sensor installed in an opposite region of the region where the first and second light sources are located with respect to the channel, to receive the light emitted from the first and second light sources; a speed calculation unit configured to calculate a speed of the fluid by using the intensity of the light received at the sensor.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a motherboard for detecting an abnormally heated element of the motherboard includes placing the motherboard in a sealable container and powering on the motherboard, adjusting a temperature inside the sealable container to a predetermined temperature/temperature range, capturing a first image of the motherboard under ultraviolet light, capturing a thermal image of the motherboard, calibrating a position of the first image and the thermal image, combining the calibrated first image and the calibrated thermal image into a second image, and carrying out differential and image binarization processing on the second image and a template image to identify an abnormally heated element of the motherboard. A motherboard analysis device is also provided.

Abstract: Indicating panels adapted to provide a qualitative or quantitative indication of a characteristic of a liquid absorbed by the indicator panel. The indicating panels include a porous inner sheet that is impregnated with a first indicator selected to respond to a target analyte by creating a detectable response, and a porous outer sheet impregnated with a polymeric mordant selected to stabilize indicators.

Abstract: A method evaluates the mobility of a polymer composition in a high-temperature region of 150° C. or above. The method for evaluating a physical property of a polymer composition, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a thin film sample which is formed on a substrate and which comprises: a fluorescent probe including a fluorescent rare earth complex having a melting point of 200° C. or higher; and a target polymer composition; and obtaining a relationship between a temperature and a fluorescent characteristic of the thin film.