Abstract: A temperature sensor using a thermocouple, optimum for measurement of temperature of an object heated to a high temperature such as the tip of a soldering iron. Comprising a thermocouple formed by mutually bonding dissimilar metal materials, the junction of the dissimilar metal materials of thermocouple is covered with a good conductive metallic sleeve, and the measuring part is formed. Therefore, if an object high temperature contacts with the measuring part, the metal materials composing the thermocouple are not directly heated, and heat conduction to the metal materials is also excellent. Therefore, oxide coating due to heating rarely occurs in the measuring part, and the measuring performance of high precision may be maintained for a long period.

Abstract: A surface temperature sensor is disclosed, which comprises a contact member and a position restricting portion for guiding the contact member, of which the contact member comprises a contact surface formed of an elastic material and having a generally C-shaped or .OMEGA.-shaped section, a first deformable portion connected to and extending from respective ends of the contact surface, a second deformable portion connected to and inwardly extending from respective ends of the first deformable portions along the contact surface, and a support portion formed at respective free ends of the second deformable portions and pivotally supported about pins, and of which the position restricting portion has ends thereof located in the vicinity of points at which respective first deformable portion and the second deformable portion are connected to each other.

Abstract: Full-range temperature indicators used for the display of a temperature scale represented by the number of lamps illuminated based on the temperature of a thermocouple being detected by IC amplifier circuitry, diodes, switching transistors trigger-driven by contacts, illuminating a proper number of indicating lamps for a showing of the detected temperture. Also a particular range of temperature can be preset at upper and lower limits by a rheostat for sequential flashing of the indicating lamps around the limits set.

Abstract: A temperature detecting apparatus for pipes in refinery furnaces and the like comprises a thermocouple (2) which is supported in cantilevered fashion in the region of its detection end (2b) fastened to the outer surface of a pipe (5) which is located inside a furnace. The thermocouple is provided with a rod (2a) coming out of the furnace through an opening (3) formed in the furnace wall (4). Coaxial with the rod (2a) is a tubular protection element (10) which is secured along the rod, slidably and loosely passes through the opening (3) and extends as far as close to the pipe (5). Formed between the rod (2a) and tubular element (10) is an air space (2) through which air is sucked from the outside to the inside of the furnace by effect of the slight vacuum created in the furnace to cool the rod in order to prevent the thermocouple from being overheated due to the high temperature present in the furnace.

Abstract: The invention presented is an adjustable mounting clip for a thermocouple assembly comprising a deformable element having a helically wound first portion and a second portion which defines a relatively flat segment, substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the helically wound first portion and capable of supporting a thermocouple terminal block in a thermocouple assembly. Also presented is a thermocouple assembly comprising such mounting clip.

Abstract: A thermocouple for use with a brake block outputs a signal indicative alternatively of the steady state temperature of the brake block friction element and of the transient temperature of the friction element brake drum interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rapid response thermocouple probe 10 having a resilient, replaceable thermocouple element 50 probe 10, comprising cylindrical body 20 having housing means 30 at one end, securing means 40 associated with housing means 30 and comprising two securing elements, 40a and 40b, in electrical isolation from each other, and a resilient thermocouple element 50 comprising an arcuate strip of two dissimilar metals joined together, ends, 55 and 57, of thermocouple element 50 being removably secured to securing means 40. The thermocouple probe of this invention eliminates the necessity of discarding the entire probe upon wear or breakage of thermocouple element 50.

Abstract: A level measuring device comprises an electrical heater, a metallic sheathed thermocouple cable with two thermoelectric elements, a negative temperature coefficient electrical insulant interpositioned between each thermoelectric element and the sheath material of the thermocouple cable such that the thermoelectric elements are not mechanically in contact with each other; an outer cylindrical metallic sheath with one closed and one open end wherein the resistance heater and thermocouple cable are contained; a constant current power supply and a digital millivoltmeter connected to the ends of thermoelectric elements protruding from open end of the outer cylindrical metallic sheath for measuring the loop resistance of the thermoelectric elements; a microprocessor system for computing a length of cable corresponding to the resistance measured using the constant current source and the digital millivoltmeter; and, a power supply for supplying an electrical current to the heater cable.

Abstract: A thermocouple consists of a first thin layer of metal disposed on a mylar sheet. The metal layer is then covered with a varnish by employing a printing process which prints spaced apart apertures on the metal layer indicative of a hot junction and a reference junction terminal. Another top metal layer is deposited upon the varnish layer in a line grating pattern to cover one hole in each pair to thus form a hot junction by connecting the top metal layer to the first layer via the hole. The other aperture forms one terminal of the reference junction. The metal layers are extremely thin as deposited by a vapor evaporation process and hence the thermocouple exhibits a rapid response to temperature change. The method of fabrication of the devices enables one to provide mass produced units at extremely low cost.

Abstract: A molten metal sampler includes a bath temperature thermocouple and cooling curve thermocouple in the sample cavity. The thermocouple tubes are mounted in a common connector and are in intersecting planes to provide a compact arrangement. The legs of the longer tube are bowed outwardly adjacent the tip of the cooling curve tube to minimize cooling effect on the tip during the cooling curve measurement. In all embodiments, a thermocouple support tube extends through the sample cavity for exposure to the molten metal to measure bath temperature.

Abstract: Thermocouple apparatus is disclosed, utilizing interlocked loops of dissimilar wire. Base means, spring mounted, are provided for tensioning the loops whereby their point of interlock, in compression, forms a non-metallurgically bonded thermocouple junction. The end of each loop opposite its interlocked end is electrically connected by similar-metal means to a meter unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for monitoring the temperature of an implement being brazed to a workpiece. The preferred implement is a polycrystalline diamond composite compact which is brazed to a drill bit or other workpieces. The apparatus comprises an insulated a temperature probe comprising a stiff support rod of predetermined length with a first passageway therethrough. An insulating handle is connected in supporting relationship with the rod and has a second passageway therethrough which communicates with the first passageway. A heat shield is disposed about the handle in the vicinity of its connection with the base portion of the rod. A thermocouple means for generating signals correlative with temperature is disposed at the rod tip and energized from leads extending to an alarm unit.

Abstract: A thermocouple element (10) for use in high-pressure, high temperature fluid applications having a cylindrical body portion (12) formed from a first metal and a cap (14) formed from a dissimilar metal. The cap is fused to the body such that the junction (18) forms an axial thermocouple junction. A plurality of grooves (13, 20) is formed in the cap and body to reduce the mass of material adjacent the junction for rapid conduction heat transfer from the fluid being monitored.

Abstract: A thermocouple rake for measuring the temperature of heated fluids. The thermocouple rake is provided with a cooling chamber for circulating a coolant about individual thermocouple assemblies to cool the assemblies during use in the hot gas. A U-shaped channel is formed downstream in the flow of fluid to accept lead wires from the thermocouple assemblies to deflect the hot gas fluid from contacting the lead wires.

Abstract: An improved right angle thermocouple provides for constant pressure sensing tip contact achieved by means of a coiled and thus resiliently biased junction wire structure extending from the mounting base, preferably in the form of a circular loop of flattened ribbon shaped dissimilar metallic wires overlapped at a welded sensing tip. This sensing tip is protected by a spring biased protective shield of low thermal conductivity material having a few prongs extending from its open end for contact with the surface to be monitored in a manner that causes little thermal modification that would result in an erroneous temperature reading. The shield member, preferably cylindrical in shape, moves between two stops, one surrounding and protecting the sensing tip from physical damage and the other withdrawing just enough to permit the resilient bias of the sensing tip loop to establish a constant measurement contact pressure.

Abstract: A clinical thermometer probe is constructed for connection with an electronic readout device and includes a support member of thin wall construction having thermocouple wires or stripes extending longitudinally of the support member and joined at the distal end of the support member. The wires or stripes are applied to the support member during the process of extruding the member or thereafter by applying the stripes to surfaces of the support member and bridging the stripes at one end of the body.

Abstract: A thermocouple jacket monitor is disclosed. The thermocouple monitor is constructed utilizing an inner jacket and an outer jacket with a replaceable conductive metal strip sandwiched between the inner jacket and a central insulator housing the thermocouple junctions. The conductive metal strip is connected to an alarm circuit in the thermocouple head. When the outer and inner jackets are corroded away by a molten material, such as molten glass, exposing the conductive metal strip to the molten material, the alarm such as a light on the thermocouple head, or the control panel or both, is lit notifying the operator that the thermocouple is damaged and needs to be replaced. If a two-way continuity alarm circuit is utilized, a second alarm light is activated when any portion of the conductive metal strip is corroded to the extent of being separated.

Abstract: An immersion pyrometer having an outer casing comprising a mixture of graphite and a refractory metal oxide for contact with molten metal, an inner sheath enclosed by said outer casing, said inner sheath comprising a closed end metal tube wherein the closed end is in heat transfer contact with said outer casing, and a thermocouple within said inner sheath.

Abstract: A protective sheath for a temperature sensing device for use in determining the temperature of molten metals. The temperature sensing device, such as a thermocouple, is encased in a molybdenum tube which is coated with successive porous layers of molybdenum, a plurality of layers of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Mo in a decreasing concentration of Mo in proceeding from the inner to the outer layers, and a layer of substantially pure Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3. The Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer may be covered with an outer coating of a material, such as boron nitride, to protect the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer from attack by slag. Alternating layers of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 and boron nitride may be applied as outermost sacrificial layers.

Abstract: Thermal fluxmeter with a plurality of thermocouples comprising a continuous thin layer of a first conductor or semiconductor material such as constantan, covered on at least one of its faces by a succession of areas comprised of very thin deposits of a second conductor or semiconductor material such as copper, having a thermoelectric power different from that of the first material; the characteristic of the invention is that at least one channel traverses from side to side through each deposit area and through the underlying thin layer, said channels being offset in the same direction with respect to the center of the traversed area; said channels may be provided with an inner coating of a deposit of the second material; appropriately, the thin layer is deposited on a substrate of insulating material.

Abstract: A thermoelectric thermometer of the radio transmission type incorporating a thermocouple for measuring the temperature of an object having a relatively high temperature, such as metal in a molten state or being heat-treated. A signal representing the temperature measured is transmitted by radio waves and received at a desired location away from the hot object to remotely detect the temperature of the object.

Abstract: A heat-insulating box houses a telemetry system of high accuracy for use within a high-temperature vacuum furnace. The container includes an inner box formed by a block of rigid heat-insulating material having a cavity which contains a telemetry system chassis and its components, including such items as batteries, transmitters, switches, thermocouple elements including transition tubes, isothermal double-layer terminal strips, and the like. A plurality of very fine thermocouple conductors of dissimilar metal extend from the thermocouple junction tips on work pieces outside of the box through the heat-insulating inner block to the thermocouple transition tubes, and then, by way of the isothermal double-layer terminal strip to the transmitters. An antenna lead is carried through the wall of the box to a transmitting antenna mounted on the front wall of the box. Pressure switches in the cavity within the box control the ON-OFF condition of the transmitters.

Abstract: A measuring system has a pair of sensors with the response time of one sensor lagging the response time of the other. The output of each sensor is sampled periodically and the outputs for two successive samples are compared to calculate the actual value of the parameters based upon the change in the two outputs.

Abstract: A temperature measuring circuit which includes a primary temperature sensor such as a thermocouple, an external source for generating predetermined temperature modifying signals, and a signal combining circuit for combining the modifying signals with the temperature sensor signal to generate a modified output signal and display thereof.

Abstract: A mold of a caterpillartype track mold for a continuous caster features at least at one place a pair of wires which form a thermocouple and make first contact outside the mold. The wires are inserted into the mold in such a manner that their other ends are separated from the surface of the mold facing the melt by a metallic layer which joins these wires and is at most 100 .mu.m thick. The process for manufacturing this mold is such that the metallic layer is electro-deposited on to the ends of the wires.

Abstract: An equipment for the calibration of a temperature sensing device comprises an HF-induction coil capable of generating an alternating magnetic field which produces heat in the device to be calibrated. The actual temperature of the device is measured by a thermocouple attached directly to the surface of said device.

Abstract: A thermocouple pressure gauging system for measuring partial vacuum is provided which uses AC current to heat the thermocouple to constant temperature. A signal proportional to pressure is derived from the AC current needed to heat to constant temperature.

Abstract: A temperature sensor utilizes a resistive element and a thermocouple. One or more leads of the thermocouple are surrounded (electrically insulated) by a conductor or conductors constituting the connections to the resistive element. The conductors are made of a nonmagnetic material. In one embodiment, the second thermocouple lead is constructed as a hollow pipe which constitutes a protective outer casing for the necessary unit, as well as a connection to the resistive element. Embodiments utilizing a plurality of thermocouples are illustrated, as is a similarly constructed cable for connecting the sensor unit to measuring apparatus.

Abstract: A heat detection system comprised of a length of thermocouple cable positioned proximate to the area to be controlled, said cable having the capacity to detect hot spots or areas, said cable being electrically connected to a plurality of transmitters for generating signals as a function of excessive temperature and/or line break, said transmitters, in turn, being electrically connected to one or more of a plurality of alarms adapted to indicate said excessive temperature and/or line break.

Abstract: A thermal sensor, in particular for a chemical reactor comprises an enamelled cylindrical shell having at its inner end a thin base and an inner sleeve welded to the base of the shell. A temperature measuring head comprising at least one thermal sensing element in a compression resistant insulating mass of low thermal inertia in a casing is pressed against the base of the shell by a compression spring acting between the temperature measuring head and a connector coupled to the inner sleeve of the shell by a bayonet point. Lead wires from the temperature measuring head extend out through a tubular stem having at its inner end a socket connected with the connector by a second bayonet joint. A guide sleeve has an inner end surrounding the inner sleeve of the shell and a reduced diameter outer end receiving the tubular stem. The bayonet joints provide for easy removal and replacement of the temperature measuring head.

Abstract: A small sensor electrode with only the tip exposed is used with a much larger return electrode to complete a high frequency circuit through molten glass. The sensor electrode is calibrated in the laboratory and then used to measure the resistivity of the molten glass. This sensor electrode consists of a type R thermocouple with which one can also measure the temperature of the thermocouple junction. Thus one can measure both the temperature and the resistance at a common point. These measurements are used to monitor the molten glass system.

Abstract: There is provided a disposable probe for temperature measurements of humans, adapted to be attached to the skin of the person, comprising thermosensitive means, thermally shielded towards the outside, said thermosensitive means being adapted to be connected by leads to sensitive means for measuring the temperature.

Abstract: A thermocouple pressure gauging system for measuring partial vacuum is provided which uses time multiplexing to alternately heat the thermocouple to constant temperature and then measure the EMF from thermocouple with heating current off. A signal proportional to pressure is derived from the heating duty cycle. The pressure signal is in turn used to derive a reference signal which is compared to the EMF from the thermocouple to control the heating of the thermocouple.

Abstract: Accurate dynamic pressure data in a changing thermal environment is obtained through the use of a pressure gage formed from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer material. The temperature compensation pressure gage has three major elements: an active PVDF transducer which obtains remote pressure readings which are uncorrected for thermal effects; a thermocouple having a short rise time allowing an output thermal signal which dynamically responds to changing thermal conditions; and a compensation amplifier circuit receiving the uncorrected pressure readings and the dynamic thermal signal and producing an output signal representing accurate pressure data which is corrected for changing thermal conditions. Also disclosed are the details of making an active PVDF transducer.

Abstract: A thermally responsive electrical control device is operable for producing a control signal having first and second voltage levels for controlling the operation of a system actuating device for first and second modes of operation. One embodiment of the device includes a multiple bridge circuit for sensing two temperatures and for making multiple control decisions in response to the two temperatures. Another embodiment of the device includes a thermistor and a nonlinear variable resistance element which is matched in a substantially linear relation with the thermistor for compensating for the inherent substantially nonlinear character of the thermistor. Still another embodiment of the device includes a monitoring circuit which is interconnected to a bridge circuit of the device for providing visual indications of sensed temperatures without significantly interrupting the control function of the device.

Abstract: For continuously drawing wire the temperature of the wire at each die is measured and the drawing speed is adjusted so the hottest running one of the dies is just below an overheated temperature.

Abstract: An aircraft engine which may, for example, be a turbine engine, is provided with an engine temperature thermocouple harness for monitoring the temperature of the aircraft engine. A protective isolation assembly allows for the use of two separate aircraft circuits coupled to receive temperature indicating signals from the thermocouple system. The protective assembly includes two resistors sealed in a metal housing to be connected at the branch point from the existing aircraft temperature monitoring system; and the housing for the protective assembly is electrically and mechanically connected in direct proximity to the thermocouple harness output terminal housing. A short circuit of the second engine temperature monitor circuit would have negligible effect on the existing temperature indicator circuitry in view of the presence of the isolation block assembly.

Abstract: A sensor for measurement of an energy flux and in particular a sensor for measurement of a heat flux or measurement of visible or infrared radiation. The energy flux sensor includes deposits of a first metal in the shape of plates on each of the faces of a substrate, metal-coated holes of the same first metal through the substrate joining one face to the other and surface elements of another metal having thermoelectric properties in relation to the first metal, placed in the thickness of the substrate. This sensor, alone or associated in series with other sensors, makes it possible to measure the thermal properties of certain construction materials, insulating materials in particular. It also makes it possible, when covered with an absorbing coating, to measure visible or infrared radiation.

Abstract: An improved two-point temperature probe is provided comprising a housing, a pair of bores within the housing to each respectively receive a thermocouple element, an end cap on the device covering the bores and having openings therein whereby a portion of the thermocouple elements may pass therethrough, collar means on the thermocouple elements cooperating with the end cap to retain the elements within the device, and bias means within the bores to yieldably bias the collars on the thermocouple elements against the end cap on the device, the device being further provided with means to prevent rotation of the thermocouple elements within the bores, and detachable tips on the thermocouple elements whereby the tip may be removed from the remainder of the thermocouple element and replaced when necessary due to wear or other type of damage without the necessity of replacing the entire thermocouple element.

Abstract: The temperature sensor is particularly suitable for a fever thermometer which has outer dimensions of, for example, 4 mm diameter and 40 mm length. To provide the requisite stiffness, the outer sleeve is made of stainless steel or specialty steel of thin walls, for example less than 0.1 mm wall thickness, closed at one end, and the temperature sensor is positioned essentially exposed, and naked at the end of a positioning body formed of two half-sections of low-density foam material, in which a longitudinal groove is formed, through which the connecting wires of the temperature sensor extend. The longitudinal groove can be filled by a springy element, for example unitary with one of the half-sleeves, or a separate positioning rod. The connecting ends of the sensor conductors can be connected to a coaxial cable, and the end portion can have a handle plastic-molded thereabout.

Abstract: A temperature probe has a metal casing, closed at one end and open at its other, in which a temperature sensor is buried in compacted hygroscopic mineral insulation having an exposed end face through which extend wires from the sensor. Such end face is sealed to keep it dry by a metal tube having one end surrounding and brazed to the metal casing, and plugged at its other end by a body of compressed sealant material. Lead wires extend through the sealant body and are electrically joined in a space provided between the exposed end face of mineral insulation and the opposing inner end face of the sealant plug.

Abstract: A clinical instrument using a thermocouple probe for the measurement of pulse rate and body temperature using a single sensor. The variation in temperature due to heart beat found at the base of the tongue is detected with a fine wire thermocouple and timed. Pulse rate is calculated and displayed based on the time between beats. The DC component of the thermocouple output is digitized and displayed as body temperature.

Abstract: A temperature threshold detector (10) comprises a first electrical conductor (11) and a second electrical conductor (12), which are separated by a spacing structure (13). The first and second electrical conductors (11 and 12) are made of metals that are dissimilar from each other in terms of oxidation potentials or thermally generated electromotive force. The spacing structure (13) is made of a material whose electrical resistivity is temperature dependent so that, when exposed to a temperature below a predetermined threshold value, the spacing structure (13) provides electrical isolation between the first and second electrical conductors (11 and 12). However, when exposed to a temperature above the predetermined threshold value, the spacing structure (13) enables an electromotive force to develop across the first and second conductors (11 and 12). This electromotive force is indicative of temperature rise above the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A lattice array of metal sheathed mineral insulated cables each cable having a coaxial conductor comprising alternate lengths of dissimilar thermo-electric material to provide thermo-electric junctions. The junctions are in two groups of opposite polarity and those of one group are disposed at the intersections of the cables while those of the other are disposed between intersections. Localized temperature increases create differentials between groups of sensors and can be located by the co-ordinates of the lattice array.

Abstract: A multiple thermocouple system for rapidly monitoring wall temperatures of a metal vessel and identifying those thermocouples having voltages and temperature readings above a predetermined level. In the system, a number of first metal insulated conductor wires are metal bonded to the metal vessel to provide hot first junctions, and a second conductor utilizes the vessel metal wall as a portion of the conductor together with an additional metal insulated conductor wire connected to the metal wall. The conductors of each thermocouple pair are connected to the terminals of a rapid switching device and subsequently connected by the switching device to a voltage measuring means, which can be a digital readout type millivoltmeter. If desired, the voltage output of each thermocouple pair can be compared by a computer with the voltage output from a conventional dual conductor reference thermocouple attached to the vessel wall to determine temperature deviations.

Abstract: An improved thermocouple and method for making the thermocouple and installing same on the fireside of heat exchanger tubes or the like for monitoring surface temperature which includes a thermocouple assembly made from mineral oxide insulated metal sheathed thermocouple wires where a pair of thermocouple wires or conductors extend through a metal sheath in spaced apart and insulated relation from each other and from the sheath and are connected together at an end to define a hot junction member adapted to be mounted in engagement with the surface being measured, which hot junction is defined by a disk or bar-shaped member extending from the end of the sheated conductor assembly beyond the insulation and sheath but not in contact with the sheath. Installation on a heat exchanger tube includes welding the sheath to the tube which pressurizes the hot junction against the temperature measured surface and defines a heat energy path that bypasses the hot junction.

Abstract: A heat sensitive portion is cooled when a temperature of an object to be measured is higher than the standard temperature while a heat sensitive portion is heated when a temperature of an object to be measured is lower than the standard temperature by Peltier's effect owing to an electric current passing through a thermopile from the outside. Thus, the sensitivity of a thermopile can be improved with a device which is simple and has an inexpensive construction.

Abstract: Temperature indicating apparatus for sensing overheating at a pair of terminals on an electrical power line comprises a pair of thermocouples, each thermally coupled to and electrically isolated from a different one of the terminals, and a light emitting diode (LED) coupled to the output of the thermocouples through a conditioning circuit. An excessive temperature rise at either terminal causes the output voltage of the thermocouple coupled thereto to increase, thus causing the LED +o to be lit and to provide a visual indication of overheating. A meter display may be provided to show the actual temperature of the terminals in response to thermocouple voltage output. A method for determining heating at a termination without physical intervention comprises determining the rate of temperature rise of the termination for a known current therethrough and comparing the rate to a predetermined rate threshold.

Abstract: A thermocouple simulator system which is capable of generating a voltage equivalent to the EMF output of a thermocouple of a selected type at a specified sensing junction temperature. The system includes a keyboard which allows an operator to specify a sensing junction temperature, voltage, thermocouple type, reference junction temperature, and whether a pair of output terminals of the system perform as thermocouple alloy or copper. Using an operation program, a microprocessor calculates the thermocouple EMF using a stored temperature versus EMF polynomial function of the selected thermocouple type. The microprocessor then causes a voltage simulating the calculated EMF to be applied to the output terminals utilizing a reference voltage source, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and output amplifier.

Abstract: A probe terminal for measuring the temperature inside of an enamelled reactor, for allowing a high speed of response to change in temperature and for detecting damage to the enamel of the reactor comprising a hollow cylindrical metal body provided at one end of a base in which is inserted and anchored, with enamel, a platinum cylinder hollow, the base of the platinum cylinder being unlined and in alignment with the enamel which coats the external surface of the hollow cylindrical metal body base, i.e., HCMB. One end of the HCMB contains the platinum cylinder. The other end of the HCMB is provided with means for attachment to the probe.