Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for increasing spectral efficiency for transmissions with different numerologies. In one example aspect, a wireless communication method. The method includes operating, by a communication device, a first transmission band associated with a first numerology. The first transmission band comprises a first subcarrier spacing ?f1 and a first symbol length of T1 in time domain. The method includes operating, by the communication device, a second transmission band associated with a second numerology. The second transmission band comprises a second subcarrier spacing ?f2. The method also includes operating, by the communication device, a third transmission band positioned between the first transmission band and the second transmission band. The third transmission band comprises a subcarrier spacing equal to the second subcarrier spacing ?f2 and a symbol length equal to the first symbol length T1.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes as one aspect a device comprising: a receiver capable of receiving control signal from a base station in a first set of control resources and in a second set of control resources, a transmitter capable of transmitting control signals and data, a circuitry which, when in operation, controls: the transmitter to transmit a random access message associated with the first set of control resources and to transmit communication device capability indication; the receiver to monitor control resources in the first set of control resources after transmitting the random access message and to receive within the first set of control resources configuration of the second set of control resources; the receiver to monitor control resources in the first set of control resources and/or in the second set of control resources after receiving the configuration of the second set of control resources.

Abstract: A method, an equipment and a system for handing over a cell in a communication system supporting carrier aggregation. The method includes: when a terminal in the communication system moves to the edge of the currently serving cell, the terminal selects one or more neighbor cells from one or more neighbor cells as measurement objects according to the carrier aggregation manner of the one or more neighbor cells; the terminal measures the capabilities of the measurement objects, and obtains one or more measurement results; and the terminal sends a source base station which currently serving the terminal one or more measurement results as capability measurement reports of the one or more neighbor cells. Also provided are an equipment for handing over a cell in a communication system supporting carrier aggregation, a terminal including the said equipment and a communication system including the said terminal.

Abstract: Provided are methods and devices for transmitting a reference signal. The method comprises: determining a sequence parameter associated with the reference signal, where the sequence parameter is used for generating a sequence, and the sequence parameter hops once every X time domain symbols, where X is an integer greater than or equal to 1; determining the reference signal according to the determined sequence parameter; and transmitting the reference signal.

Abstract: A method for operating a plurality of ultra-wide band (UWB) channels by a first electronic device is provided. The method includes receiving a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) advertisement message including information about an UWB channel, from a second electronic device, identifying whether a plurality of UWB channels are operated, based on the information about the UWB channel, and identifying a UWB channel to be used for communication with the second electronic device, based on the information about the UWB channel. The information about the UWB channel may include flag information indicating an area and channel information indicating a UWB channel for the indicated area.

Abstract: To solve a problem that although the increase of the number of frequency blocks by allocating discontinuous subcarriers (RBs) as in OFDM enables an increase in multi-diversity effect and an improvement in throughput, the number of RB allocation patterns increases with the increase of the number of frequency blocks, resulting in an increase in the amount of information relating to the allocated RBs, the resource block allocation unit is determined when resource blocks discontinuous on the frequency axis are allocated to a terminal, and the number of bits of scheduling information indicating the allocated resource blocks by using Tree Based is set to the number of bits corresponding to the determined allocation unit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing signals captured by one or more sensors are disclosed. An example method includes receiving a first signal from a control circuit, the first signal including control data associated with the one or more sensors, recovering a fixed frequency clock signal and a control signal from the first signal, generating a spread spectrum clock signal based on the fixed frequency clock signal, receiving a sensor data signal based at least in part on data captured by the one or more sensors, the spread spectrum clock signal, and the control signal, retiming the sensor data signal based at least in part on the spread spectrum clock signal and the fixed frequency clock signal, and generating an output signal based on the retimed sensor data signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for contingency communication are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for providing emergency services may be performed by a base station operating in a communication system in an embodiment, the method for providing emergency services includes transmitting a beacon signal to indicate an emergency status to enable portable devices to operate in a stress mode. A distress signal may be transmitted by a mobile device in response to the beacon signal to the base station, wherein the distress signal carries information at least comprising user identity associated with the mobile device, geolocation of the mobile device, or biometrics of a user of the mobile device.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a radio-frequency (RF) receiver for receiving RF signals. The RF receiver includes a plurality of modulation signal detectors (MSDs) to generate a plurality of detection signals when a plurality of RF signals modulated using a plurality of modulation schemes are detected. The RF receiver further includes a controller to cause reception of the plurality of RF signals in response to the plurality of detection signals.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for communication techniques that use the quasi-static properties of wireless channels are described. One example method to improve communication performance includes receiving a set of pilots over a transmission channel between the wireless communication apparatus and a far-end communication apparatus, the transmission channel comprising a first portion that is time-invariant and a second portion that is time-variant, processing the received set of pilots to generate an estimate of the first portion, processing the received set of pilots to generate an estimate of the second portion, and performing a communication based on a channel state information that is a weighted combination of a first term based on the estimate of the first portion and a second term based on the estimate of the second portion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, terminal devices, network nodes and apparatus for random access process in a wireless network. The method at the terminal device may comprise: receiving additional information related to a terminal device together with a random access preamble. With embodiments of the present disclosure, the additional information related to a terminal device can be transmitted to the network node together with a random access preamble; in such a case, further useful information is available for the eNB, which might substantially facilitate the random access process for either initial access or non-initial access.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a clock generator circuit to receive a first clock signal at a first frequency and output a second clock signal at a second frequency less than the first clock frequency. The clock generator circuit may include: a divider circuit to divide the first clock signal to obtain at least a first divided clock signal and a second divided clock signal; and a gating circuit coupled to the divider circuit, the gating circuit to gate the first clock signal with at least one of the first divided clock signal and the second divided clock signal to output the second clock signal.

Abstract: This patent concerns novel technology for detecting backdoors of neural network, particularly deep neural network (DNN), classifiers. The backdoors are planted by suitably poisoning the training dataset, i.e., a data-poisoning attack. Once added to input samples from a source class (or source classes), the backdoor pattern causes the decision of the neural network to change to a target class. The backdoors under consideration are small in norm so as to be imperceptible to a human, but this does not limit their location, support or manner of incorporation. There may not be components (edges, nodes) of the DNN which are dedicated to achieving the backdoor function. Moreover, the training dataset used to learn the classifier may not be available.

Abstract: An antenna adaptation is provided for a communication node as controlled by a antenna adaptation command. The antenna adaptation command adjusts the number of active transmit antennas and/or the number of active receive antennas in the communication node such as for reducing interference at the communication node.

Abstract: Methods, media, and systems are provided for a priority-based multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) pairing threshold for codebook beamforming. The methods, media, and systems identify a plurality of user device candidates for a user device pairing. A first user device of the plurality of user device candidates having a higher priority than another user device of the plurality of user device candidates is identified. A correlation of the first user device with a second user device of the plurality of user device candidates is determined to be below a threshold. Based on determining that the correlation is below the threshold, the first user device is paired with the second user device for sharing a resource.

Abstract: A transmitter for a chaos communications system employing chaotic symbol modulation that perform auto-indexing, temporal gain control, increased path diversity and sequence lock up prevention. The transmitter includes a symbol mapper that converts a series of information bits to a series of bit symbols, and a chaos modulator providing chaotic spreading modulation of the bit symbols. The chaos modulator includes a plurality of chaos generators, one for each bit symbol, providing a chaos sequence for the bit symbols. Each chaos modulator includes a RAM/ROM that provides auto-indexing where a chaos sequence output from the RAM/ROM is fed back to an input of the RAM/ROM from which a chaos sequence at a next address in the RAM/ROM is selected as the output of the modulator.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems are disclosed. One representative method implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit includes determining a first beamforming matrix; sending, to a network entity, an indication of the first beamforming matrix; and receiving, from the network entity, an indication of a second beamforming matrix determined by the network entity from at least the first beamforming matrix for beamforming data for transmission.

Abstract: A signal analysis apparatus includes a frequency conversion unit 10 that includes a first local oscillator 11 which outputs a first local oscillation signal SLO1 of a frequency fLO1, a first mixer 12 which generates a first spurious signal of a frequency fSP1, a first BPF 13 of a passed center frequency f0, a second local oscillator 14 which outputs a second local oscillation signal SLO2 of a frequency fLO2, and a second BPF 16 of a passed bandwidth W, and that performs frequency conversion of a measured signal SRF of a frequency fRF (center frequency fc), in which the frequency fLO1 and the frequency fLO2 are shifted using a frequency shift amount ?f that does not establish a relationship of ?W/2?|fSP1?f0±fIF2??f|?fIF2?+W/2.

Abstract: A signal analysis apparatus includes a first frequency conversion unit 10 that generates an intermediate frequency signal SIF2 and a second spurious signal SSP2 from a measured signal SRF of a frequency fRF (center frequency fc), and a second frequency conversion unit 25 that converts the intermediate frequency signal SIF2 and the second spurious signal SSP2 into an intermediate frequency signal SIF2? of a frequency fIF2? and a second spurious signal SSP2? of a frequency fSP2? by performing frequency shift of the intermediate frequency signal SIF2 and the second spurious signal SSP2 by a frequency shift amount ?f, in which the frequency shift amount ?f is a value that does not establish a relationship of ?W/2?fSP2??fIF2??+W/2.

Abstract: Presented herein are techniques for assigning Ultra-Wideband (UWB) anchors for client ranging. A control device can monitor UWB ranging between a mobile device and a primary anchor. In response to determining that a signal strength between the mobile device and the primary anchor is below a threshold, the control device can identify anchors for which the mobile device has had a signal strength above the threshold during a period of time, and select one of the anchors as a new primary anchor for the mobile device. For example, the control device can select the new primary anchor based on a relative collision tolerance mapping for the new primary anchor and at least one other anchor within a UWB range of the new primary anchor. The control device can send a command causing UWB ranging to be performed between the mobile device and the new primary anchor.

Abstract: Provided is a radio communication base station device which can prevent lowering of use efficiency of a channel communication resource for performing a frequency diversity transmission when simultaneously performing a frequency scheduling transmission and the frequency diversity transmission in a multicarrier communication. In the device, a modulation unit (12) executes a modulation process on Dch data after encoded so as to generate a Dch data symbol. A modulation unit (22) executes a modulation process on the encoded Lch data so as to generate an Lch data symbol. An allocation unit (103) allocates the Dch data symbol and the Lch data symbol to respective subcarriers constituting an OFDM symbol and outputs them to a multiplexing unit (104). Here, when a plurality of Dch are used for a Dch data symbol of one mobile station, the allocation unit (103) uses Dch of continuous channel numbers.

Abstract: To solve a problem that although the increase of the number of frequency blocks by allocating discontinuous subcarriers (RBs) as in OFDM enables an increase in multi-diversity effect and an improvement in throughput, the number of RB allocation patterns increases with the increase of the number of frequency blocks, resulting in an increase in the amount of information relating to the allocated RBs, the resource block allocation unit is determined when resource blocks discontinuous on the frequency axis are allocated to a terminal, and the number of bits of scheduling information indicating the allocated resource blocks by using Tree Based is set to the number of bits corresponding to the determined allocation unit.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention discloses a data sending and receiving method. A first FEC unit of a sending device sends, by using a first channel, a first data stream on which first FEC encoding has been performed; a second FEC unit of the sending device sends, by using a second channel, a second data stream on which second FEC encoding has been performed; and the sending device performs interleaving on the first data stream and the second data stream, to obtain an output data stream, and sends the output data stream to a receiving device and error correction capability of a receiving device could be improved. In addition, in the present invention, an operation of writing by row and reading by column does not need to be performed. Therefore, no delay is generated.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for the transmission of information in a wireless communication system are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for the transmission of information in a wireless communication system comprises receiving a downlink message, wherein the downlink message includes a first control channel element; determining a first index using the location of the first control channel element; determining a second index; determining a first orthogonal resource using the first index; determining a second orthogonal resource using the second index; spreading an uplink message using the first orthogonal resource to form a first spread signal; spreading the uplink message using a second orthogonal resource to form a second spread signal; transmitting the first spread signal using a first antenna; and transmitting the second spread signal using a second antenna.

Abstract: The technology described in this case facilitates random access by a user terminal with a radio base station. A user terminal determines one of a first type of uplink scrambling sequences and generates a random access message using the determined one of the first type of uplink scrambling sequences. The random access message is transmitted to the base station. The user terminal receives from the base station a second, different type of uplink scrambling sequence and uses it for subsequent communication with the radio base station. For example, the first uplink scrambling sequences may he specifically associated with the radio base station's cell area or a random access radio channel associated with the radio base station, but they arc not specifically assigned to any user terminal, and the second uplink scrambling sequence may be selected from a second set of uplink scrambling sequences specifically assignable to individual user terminals.

Abstract: There may be provided a method for priory based transmission of skywave symbols, the method may include starting to transmit a first skywave symbol; determining to stop a transmission of the first skywave symbol and to transmit a second skywave symbol that has a higher priority than the first skywave symbol; stopping the transmission of first skywave symbol before a completion of the transmission of the first skywave symbol thereby transmitting a partial first skywave symbol; and transmitting the second skywave symbol.

Abstract: An all-digital spread-spectrum type communications system employing chaotic symbol modulation. The system includes a transmitter having a symbol mapper that converts a series of information bits to a series of bit symbols, a digital chaos modulator employing an M-ary chaotic shift keying (M-CSK) architecture for chaotically spreading the bit symbols in the digital domain, where the chaos modulator includes a separate chaos generator for each of the M-CSK symbols, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for converting the chaotic modulated bit symbols to an analog signal for transmission. The system also includes a receiver responsive to the analog signal from the transmitter and generating a received signal therefrom. The receiver performs signal acquisition and tracking on the received signal using a look-up table, a transmitter ID and a receiver ID in the received signal, de-spreading and de-modulation on the received signal and bit removal from the symbols in the received signal.

Abstract: Described are systems and methods for identifying the phase and polarization of independent modulation streams in quadrature channels of a coherent transmission system by using digital code. As a result, phase rotation and polarization of streams that during transmission may have become rotated and swapped around in the channel are correctly labeled and depermuted according to a known and predictable order.

Abstract: Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology exploits modulated coded impulses over a wide frequency spectrum with very low power over a short distance for digital data transmission. Today's leading edge modulated sinusoidal wave wireless communication standards and systems achieve power efficiencies of 50 nJ/bit employing narrowband signaling schemes and traditional RF transceiver architectures. However, such designs severely limit the achievable energy efficiency, especially at lower data rates such as below 1 Mbps. Further, it is important that peak power consumption is supportable by common battery or energy harvesting technologies and long term power consumption neither leads to limited battery lifetimes or an inability for alternate energy sources to sustain them. Accordingly, it would be beneficial for next generation applications to exploit inventive transceiver structures and communication schemes in order to achieve the sub nJ per bit energy efficiencies required by next generation applications.

Abstract: A system capable of achieving time synchronization among a plurality of apparatuses provided at positions where they are unable to receive a GNSS signal is provided. A time synchronization system includes a reference time obtaining unit configured to obtain, based on a radio signal from a global navigation satellite system, a first timing signal and time information corresponding to timing indicated by the first timing signal, a modulator, connected to a line branched into a plurality of branches, configured to generate a modulated signal containing corresponding time information in synchronization with the first timing signal and to send the modulated signal over the line, at least one demodulator, connected to any branch of the line, configured to demodulate the modulated signal propagating over the line, and at least one transmitter configured to transmit a first radio signal compatible with the radio signal from the global navigation satellite system.

Abstract: A system for data-based pre-distortion for a nonlinear power amplifier includes a digital pre-distortion (DPD) component, including a DPD processor and a DPD calibration engine, where the DPD processor applies a set of DPD coefficients to a digital baseband data signal, to generate a pre-distorted digital baseband data signal for conversion to a radio frequency (RF) signal and amplification by a nonlinear power amplifier (PA) to generate an RF output signal, where the DPD calibration engine compares a digitized, down-converted version of the RF output signal with the digital baseband data signal, to determine distortion coefficients of the nonlinear PA, and to update the set of pre-distortion coefficients in the DPD processor to compensate for the distortion coefficients of the non-linear PA, where data transmission is uninterrupted by the transmission of non-data calibration signals.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and a device for a terminal transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system. According to the present disclosure, a method and a device may be provided, the method comprising: receiving, from a base station, configuration information associated with a configuration of a first demodulation reference signal for demodulating uplink data; and on the basis of the configuration information, transmitting the first demodulation reference signal and the uplink data to the base station via at least one antenna port, wherein the first demodulation reference signal and the uplink data are transmitted in a sub frame by means of frequency hopping, and the first demodulation reference signal is positioned on the same time axial symbol as that of at least one other demodulation reference signal transmitted on another antenna port.

Abstract: A first communication device determines a first spatial direction for beamforming toward a second communication device, and determines a second spatial direction that is orthogonal to the first spatial direction. The first communication device wirelessly transmits the data to the second communication device while performing beamforming in the first spatial direction, and simultaneously wirelessly transmits noise while performing beamforming in the second spatial direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an M-ary DCSK method based on chaotic shape-forming filtering. The method includes the following steps: at S1, parameters of a communication system are set; at S2, HP information and LP information to be sent in each time slot are prepared; at S3, the information to be sent is modulated; at S4, a chaotic carrier is generated through a chaotic shape-forming filter; at S5, a transmitted signal is prepared; at S6, down-carrier frequency and matched filter is performed to a received signal; at S7, the sampling of a maximum SNR point is performed to an output signal of a matched filter; at S8, the decision of high priority information bits is resumed; and at S9, the decision of low priority information bits is resumed.

Abstract: Techniques for performing path loss (PL) compensation in coordinated multipoint (CoMP) systems are provided. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method generally includes selecting, from a plurality of transmission points involved in uplink (UL) coordinated multipoint (CoMP) operations with the UE, a transmission point to associate with for path loss (PL) compensation, and adjusting power of one or more transmissions based on path loss measured based on the selected transmission point.

Abstract: According to various implementations, a device, such as a wireless communication device, carries out the following actions: for each element of a spreading sequence to be applied, determining, based on the element, whether to carry out randomization on a coded data stream, in which each element of the spreading sequence belongs to the set {1, ?1, j, ?j}; for each element of the spreading sequence for which randomization is determined to be applied, applying, based on the value of the element, one or more randomization techniques to the coded data stream; modulating the coded data stream; and transmitting the modulated data stream.

Abstract: A digital data transmission system includes an identity-masking mechanism, a transmitter device provided with the identity-masking mechanism, and a receiver device having an identification data. The identity-masking mechanism is provided to convert a source or destination data into a source or destination identity-masking mark which is combined with a predetermined data, thereby forming a source-marked or destination-marked data with the source identity-masking mark. The source-marked or destination-marked data is transmitted from the transmitter device to the receiver device for verifying with the identification data. The receiver device cannot access the source-marked or destination-marked data if the verification is failed. The receiver device can access the source-marked or destination-marked data if the verification is passed.

Abstract: A signal processing system includes a time domain processing component to receive samples of a range-dependent time domain baseband signal in a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, to separate the samples of the baseband signal into frequency subbands in the time domain based on subband typing criteria, and to select subband processing parameters for the frequency subbands in the time domain and the frequency domain based on the subband typing criteria. Subband processors selectively process the frequency subbands in the time domain and the frequency domain based on the processing parameters.

Abstract: A distributed beamforming system includes a platform terminal and a plurality of user terminals. The platform terminal includes an antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements. Each antenna element transmits a wide-area beam configured to encompass each of the plurality of user terminals. The platform terminal also includes one or more processors in electronic communication with the antenna array and a memory coupled to the one or more processors. The memory stores data into a database and program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the platform terminal to receive an incoming signal and split the incoming signal into a plurality of individual wireless signals. Each individual wireless signal corresponds to one of the plurality of antenna elements of the antenna array. The system also transmits the plurality of individual wireless signals to the user terminal by the antenna array.

Abstract: A method and a gateway system for enabling adaptive power management. The gateway system is powered by a rechargeable battery that is coupled with a solar power source. A location reading indicating a location of the gateway system is transmitted at a first time. A solar profile is received from a management server. The solar profile indicates a measure of power expected to be generated at the location during an interval of time that occurs after the first time by the solar power source. The gateway system determines based on a current battery level of the rechargeable battery and the solar profile an optimal power usage plan for the gateway system and operates according to the optimal power usage plan during the interval of time.

Abstract: An electric field (e-field) touchscreen is described. A continuous stream of digital signal data that represents e-field signal deviations is received from multiple receive electrodes. The stream of digital signal data is processed using a machine learning model to determine a touch event and a location on a display screen of the touchscreen. The touch event is processed. The e-field touchscreen may determine whether a non-normal event may be occurring causing noise in the digital signal data. If so, the received stream of digital signal data is processed through a low-pass filter and processed through an absolute value average baseline filter. A difference between the filtered data is determined to generate a filtered stream of digital signal data and is processed using the machine learning model determine a touch event and a location on a display screen of the touch event. The touch event is processed.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a phase offset unit configured to set a phase offset between the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel such that a phase deviation between the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel deviates from zero, a power detection unit configured to detect signal powers of the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel under the phase offset, a processing unit configured to determine, based on the detected signal powers, a deviation correction value between the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel, where the deviation correction value includes a phase correction value, and a phase correction unit configured to set the phase correction value between the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to increased spectrum efficiency for 5G communications, comprising combining time, frequency, spatial, and signal domains for multi-dimension modulation. In one embodiment, the ability of reconfigurable antenna to change their radiation pattern and/or polarization modes may be used to modulate additional information onto the conventional SM-MIMO transmitted signal. In further embodiments, various combinations of space shift keying, block coding, multi-carrier modulation, and the like may be used to introduce additional dimensions for data modulation and achieve diversity gain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a touch sensitive processing apparatus for receiving electrical signals carrying pressure information transmitted from a first stylus, comprising: a sensing circuit, configured for receiving the electrical signals via electrodes of a touch panel; and a processor, coupled to the sensing circuit, configured for: despreading a first preamble code of the received electrical signals in accordance with a pseudo-random number (PN) code in a first time period; despreading a second preamble code of the received electrical signals in accordance with the PN code in a second time period; and calculating the pressure information according to a first signal strength ratio of a first part of the received electrical signal and a second part of the received electrical signal, wherein the first part comprises the first preamble code and the second part comprises the second preamble code.

Abstract: Provided are a computer program product, system, and method for mirroring information on modified data from a primary storage controller to a secondary storage controller for the secondary storage controller to use to calculate parity data. New primary parity data is calculated from modified data for a primary group of tracks in the primary storage and difference data from the modified data and a pre-modified version of the modified data. The difference data and one of the modified data and the new primary parity data are sent to the secondary storage controller to cause the secondary storage controller to write new secondary parity data and the modified data to a secondary group of tracks at the secondary storage. The modified data and the new primary parity data are written to the primary group of tracks in the primary storage.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus for sending a signal are described. One method includes determining a to-be-sent first signal by a first terminal and determining a first time-frequency resource. Some or all of the first time-frequency resource are second time-frequency resources, and the second time-frequency resource is a time-frequency resource used to send a second signal. The first signal is sent by the first terminal by using the first time-frequency resource, where the first time-frequency resource includes an idle time-frequency resource that is not occupied by the second signal. The first time-frequency resource can also include a common time-frequency resource occupied by the second signal, and the first signal is orthogonal to the second signal in the common time-frequency resource.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for multiplexing signals using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. A signal multiplexing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to combine a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels to generate a multiplexed signal, a power normalizer configured to reduce power of the multiplexed signal to power corresponding to the core layer signal, and a time interleaver configured to perform interleaving applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal.

Abstract: Techniques are described for wireless communication. A first method includes winning a contention for access to an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, and transmitting at least a portion of a channel usage beacon signal (CUBS) over the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band. The at least portion of the CUBS is transmitted in a number of frequency interlaces of the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band. A second method includes winning a contention for access to an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band; determining whether the contention is won within a threshold time before a next symbol period boundary; and transmitting at least a portion of a CUBS over the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band. The at least portion of the CUBS is transmitted during a preamble including a fractional period of a first symbol period. The at least portion of the CUBS may be based at least in part on the determining.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for EM communications. One of the apparatus includes a plurality of receive samplers arranged in parallel and configured to receive an amplitude modulated input signal, each sampler being clocked at a same rate but not a same phase, the rate being in relation with the input signal; a plurality of envelope extractors, wherein each envelop extractor is communicatively coupled to a respective output of one of the plurality of receive samplers, and wherein each envelope extractor is configured to extract the envelope of the input signal after sampling; and a combiner communicatively coupled to the envelope extractors to combine the signal envelopes sampled at their respective phases, creating a combined output that provides an approximate copy of the input signal envelope, providing an output signal for performing symbol synchronization.

Abstract: A network device such as a router or switch, in one embodiment, includes a timing analyzer which is capable of providing timing analysis over one or more network circuits. The timing analyzer, in one aspect, receives a data packet traveling across a circuit emulation service (“CES”) circuit such as T1 or E1 circuit. Upon obtaining an arrival timestamp associated with the data packet, the arrival timestamp is stored in a timestamp buffer in accordance with a first-in first-out (“FIFO”) storage sequence. After identifying the oldest arrival timestamp in the timestamp buffer, an offset is generated based on the result of comparison between the arrival timestamp and the oldest timestamp. The timing analyzer can also be configured to generate timing reports on-demand based on generated offset(s).