Abstract: Systems (400) and methods for removing dither introduced into a transmitted RF signal. The method comprising: receiving, by a receiver, the transmitted RF signal; converting, by the receiver, the transmitted RF signal into a discrete-time IF signal comprising a sequence of samples, where at least a first sample of said samples has a first sample duration different than a second sample duration of at least a second sample of said samples; and performing operations by a sub-sample dither removal device of the receiver to modify a sample timing of the discrete-time IF signal by decreasing or increasing the first sample duration of the first sample using a digital signal processing technique in a digital domain.

Abstract: An encoder for encoding an audio signal includes an analyzer for analyzing the audio signal and for determining analysis prediction coefficients from the audio signal. The encoder includes a converter for deriving converted prediction coefficients from the analysis prediction coefficients, a memory for storing a multitude of correction values and a calculator. The calculator includes a processor for processing the converted prediction coefficients to obtain spectral weighting factors. The calculator includes a combiner for combining the spectral weighting factors and the multitude of correction values to obtain corrected weighting factors. A quantizer of the calculator is configured for quantizing the converted prediction coefficients using the corrected weighting factors to obtain a quantized representation of the converted prediction coefficients.

Abstract: Resources are allocated on a shared downlink control channel by an allocation table that is partitioned into a first, fixed length partition and into at least one second, variable length partition. The fixed length and the modulation and coding scheme MCS of the first partition is known a priori. The second variable length and the MCS of the second partition may be given in the first partition. Robustness may be varied between different second partitions of the same allocation table, or even within a single second partition to account for users at different proximity to the network node giving the allocations. Users may be identified in the first partition (e.g., a fixed number of users), and/or in the second partition (either additional allocated users or all users being allocated if the first partition does not identify users). Method, apparatus, computer program, integrated circuit and systems are detailed.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein include a transmitter that transmits a power waves (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signal waves) to create a three-dimensional pocket of energy. At least one receiver can be connected to or integrated into electronic devices and receive power from the pocket of energy. A wireless power network may include a plurality of wireless power transmitters each with an embedded wireless power transmitter manager, including a wireless power manager application. The wireless power network may include a plurality of client devices with wireless power receivers. The wireless power transmitter managers may receive a plurality of power transfer attributes from one or more of the wireless power receivers, client devices, a management control system, and sensors. A master transmitter manager may select at least one of the power transmitter managers to control the transmission of power waves in accordance with the plurality of power transfer attributes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for transmitting information in a communication system. The present invention relates to a millimeter wave beamforming-based 5G or pre-5G wireless communication system for supporting a higher data rate beyond a 4G network or LTE system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for uplink transmission by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving an uplink grant for data transmission in a subframe on an uplink channel, wherein the uplink grant includes an assignment to a resource block. The UE determines a resource block for sending a channel usage beacon signal (CUBS) over a contention-based spectrum based on the assignment included in the uplink grant. The CUBS reserves the uplink channel for the data transmission by indicating that the UE is sending the data transmission in a later subframe according to the assignment. The UE transmits the CUBS in a preceding subframe on the resource block in response to performing a successful clear channel assessment on the uplink channel, the preceding subframe directly preceding the subframe for the uplink data transmission.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a bottom plate, and a fixing element which is fixed at one side of the bottom plate and used for fixing a quantum tube. The fixing element includes a bottom wall, and a first lateral wall, a second lateral wall, and a third lateral wall which extend upwards from a first end, a second end, and a third end of the bottom wall respectively. The first lateral wall and the second lateral wall are arranged facing each other. The quantum tube is fixed in an accommodating space that is formed by the bottom, the first lateral, the second lateral, and the third lateral walls. In the backlight module, since the quantum tube is fixed in a stable manner, a structural reliability of the backlight module can be ensured, and a high color gamut of the backlight module can be realized.

Abstract: Infrastructure electronics equipment incorporates infrastructure Local-Site Transports (LSTs). LSTs convey payload sampled signals over imperfect electromagnetic (EM) pathways whose physical properties are usually unknown when the equipment (e.g., Cameras, Displays, Set-Top Boxes) is manufactured. Prior LSTs hedge against EM pathway degradation in several ways: requiring high-quality cables (e.g., HDMI); restricting transmission distance, (e.g., HDMI); and/or reducing quality, via compression, to extend transmission distance somewhat (e.g., Ethernet). The subject of this disclosure is an infrastructure LST for sampled signals that causes the physical errors inevitably arising from propagation of sensory payloads over imperfect EM pathways to manifest in a perceptually benign manner, leveraging legacy infrastructure and reducing costs to achieve a favorable ratio of fidelity to transmission distance.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method performed in a radio device for transmitting a multi-carrier waveform comprising multi-carrier symbols. The method comprises precoding S2 the time domain waveform of the multi-carrier symbols to a plurality of transmitter antenna elements of the radio device. The precoding S2 comprises switching S2b from using S2a first set of precoder weights to using S2c a second set of precoder weights, different from the first set of weights. The switching S2b is done by use of at least one intermediate set of precoder weights during an interlude between two of the symbols in time domain. The method also comprises transmitting S3 the precoded signal from the transmitter antenna elements.

Abstract: An example method is performed at a first transmitter in communication with other power transmitters, the method including: receiving, from a respective transmitter of the other transmitters, information indicating at least (1) a network address, and (2) status information regarding whether the respective transmitter is in master or non-master mode. The method also includes, if none of the other power transmitters is in the master mode, determining whether a first network address of the first transmitter is lower than respective network addresses of the other transmitters. The method further includes: if the first network address is lower than the respective network addresses: operating the first transmitter in the master mode; and sending an indication that the first transmitter is in the master mode. While the first transmitter is in the master mode, the first transmitter assigns each of the other transmitters to transmit power waves to one or more receivers.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method, a device and a communication system for processing a common search area. The method includes: acquiring resource indication information about a first common search area of a control channel, or resource indication information about a first common search area and resource indication information about at least one second common search area; and determining, according to the resource indication information about the first common search area, or the resource indication information about the first common search area and the resource indication information about at least one second common search area, a location of the first common search area, or locations of the first common search area and at least one second common search area.

Abstract: A received signal is enhanced by removing distortion components of a concurrently transmitted signal. A received signal is acquired in a receive frequency band concurrently with transmission of a transmit signal in a transmit frequency band. The received signal includes an intermodulation distortion component of the transmit signal. A representation of the transmit signal is processed using a non-linear predictor to output a distortion signal representing predicted distortion components in the received signal. The received signal is enhanced using the distortion signal by removing the predicted distortion components from the received signal corresponding to the distortion signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting symbols for use in an FBMC wireless communication system are provided. The FBMC symbol transmission method includes determining a truncation point of a first FBMC symbol overlapping a transient transmission duration based on an energy distribution characteristic of a first filter applied to the first FBMC symbol, wherein the first FMBC symbol is to be transmitted in a non-transient transmission duration, truncating the first FBMC symbol at the truncation point in the transient transmission duration, changing an energy characteristic of a second filter, filtering the first FBMC symbol using the second filter, filtering FBMC symbols positioned within the non-transient transmission duration based on a non-transient transmission duration characteristic; and transmitting the filtered FBMC symbols at a corresponding transmission timing.

Abstract: A method for transmitting signal based on a filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) modulation, a method for receiving signal based on the FBMC modulation, and a corresponding transmitting device and receiving device are disclosed. The method includes preprocessing determined symbols in a data block, modulating the preprocessed data block with the FBMC modulation, truncating the modulated data block to remove a part or all of tailing data therefrom, and transmitting the truncated modulated data block, from which the part or all of tailing data has been removed, and the determined symbols are affected by the truncating of the modulated data block. The data block includes at least one symbol. The method relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE).

Abstract: Provided is a method for generating a preamble of a transmission signal for human body communication, the method including using a frequency shift code (FSC) of which a length is adjusted according to an operating clock frequency or a transmission rate and a first pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) code of p chips where p is a natural number to generate a first preamble unit block of n chips where n is a natural number, using the FSC and a second PRBS code of p? chips to generate a second preamble unit block of n? chips, and arraying the first preamble unit block consecutively and repeatedly and disposing the second preamble unit block at a next stage to form the preamble of the transmission signal.

Abstract: A terminal device includes a transmitter that transmits a random access preamble, a higher layer processor that configures, based on a higher layer signal, a first identity corresponding to a first component carrier group and a second identity corresponding to a second component carrier group; a counter that, in a case that two or more component carriers are configured for an uplink, counts a number of transmission of the random access preamble; and a medium access control (MAC) layer processor that indicates a random access problem to an upper layer in a case that the number exceeds a maximum number of transmission of the random access preamble on a master component carrier of the first component carrier group or a master component carrier of the second component carrier group.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus includes: a first receiver to receive and downconvert a first radio frequency (RF) signal to a second frequency signal and to output a first digitized signal, the first receiver comprising a full-band receiver to receive at least a substantial portion of a band of interest; a second receiver to receive and downconvert a second RF signal to a third frequency signal and to output a second digitized signal, the second receiver comprising a narrow-band receiver to receive a first channel of the band of interest; a digital circuit to process at least one of the first and second digitized signals; and a controller to configure the first receiver and the second receiver and control the digital circuit.

Abstract: A wireless radio-frequency transmission apparatus includes a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter and a twin voltage-controlled oscillator. The twin voltage-controlled oscillator includes a first oscillator and a second oscillator. When the twin voltage-controlled oscillator is in a reception mode, the first and the second oscillators are coupled to each other to form a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator, and the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator, the phase frequency detector, the charge pump and the loop filter constitute a phase-locked loop to generate quadrature carriers. When the twin voltage-controlled oscillator is in a transmission mode, the first oscillator, the phase frequency detector, the charge pump and the loop filter constitute a phase-locked loop, and the second oscillator performs frequency modulation on transmitted data.

Abstract: A method and system for multiple access in a system utilizing two-dimensional signal modulation. The method includes spreading data symbols arranged in a two-dimensional information domain onto sets of grid points respectively associated with different users in a time-frequency domain. The spreading is performed using two-dimensional basis functions uniquely associated with positions on a lattice in the information domain corresponding to the data symbols. A modulated signal is then generated using the sets of transformed symbols. The sets of grid points associated with the different users may be interleaved within the time-frequency domain or may form non-interleaved windows.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a random access procedure in a wireless communication system is provided. In one embodiment, a user equipment (UE) determines a required amount of repetitions for uplink transmissions during a random access procedure, and performs repetitions for uplink transmissions based on the determined required amount of repetitions for uplink transmissions. The uplink transmissions may include transmission of preambles which are grouped. In another embodiment, a UE configures a communication windows for lost-cost machine-type communication (MTC) UE, and performs a random access procedure through the configured communication window.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed towards collecting information regarding the implementation of dynamic frequency selection and automatic channel selection by one or more wireless communication devices using the U-NII radio band. And to use the collected information to determine if other communication devices are coupled to communicate with each other via a wireless connection or a wired connection, or to modify the automatic channel selection mechanism used by one or more wireless communication devices.

Abstract: A transmitter adapted for massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) operation includes a first set of power amplifiers (PAs) that amplifies a first signal to produce an amplified first signal, and a second set of PAs that amplifies a second signal to produce an amplified second signal, wherein PAs in the first set of PAs are different from PAs in the second set of PAs. The transmitter includes an antenna array operatively coupled to the first set of PAs and the set of second PAs, the antenna array including a plurality of transmit antennas, wherein the antenna array transmits one or more of the amplified signals.

Abstract: A communication environment with carrier aggregation (CA) is disclosed in which a UE is configured for communication at a first time with a first network node via a primary component carrier (PCC) and a second network node via a secondary CC (SCC). At a second time, the UE is configured for communication with a third network node via the SCC at a second time. The UE maintains communication with the first network node via the PCC without triggering handover at the UE during the establishing communication with the third network node.

Abstract: A computing device operating according to a frequency division multiplexed protocol in which communication occurs over a signal formed from a plurality of sub-channels selected from anywhere in a frequency spectrum. A computing device may select sub-channels cognitively by using information about sub-channels previously deemed suitable or unsuitable by that computing device or other computing devices. A described technique for determining sub-channel suitability includes analyzing radio frequency energy in the sub-channel to detect signals generated by another computing device or high noise levels. Information may also be used to cognitively select sub-channels to be analyzed, such as by first selecting for analysis previously-used sub-channels.

Abstract: A method of operating an end node to communicate with a central node, the method comprising: wirelessly receiving, a beacon signal periodically-transmitted from the central node; each beacon signal denoting the start of a single frame; each frame being organized to include a downlink (DL) phase which precedes an uplink (UL) phase; and a payload of the beacon signal including an offset which represents a starting time of the UL phase. The method further comprises: generating a message; selecting, unbeknownst to the central node, at least one UL logical-channel, respectively; and wirelessly transmitting, during the UL phase, at least a portion of the message from the end node over the selected at least one UL logical-channel according to a slotted ALOHA technique.

Abstract: Code generating including generating a non-correlation sequence for RS of a first resource block; spreading spectrums of elements in the non-correlation sequence for RS to be mapped to a first frequency resource of the first resource block, by using a first group of codes; second spreading spectrums of elements in the non-correlation sequence for RS to be mapped to a second frequency resource of the first resource block, by using a second group of Codes; the first and second frequency resources are adjacent frequency resources in frequency resource elements used for RS transmission in the first resource block, and the first and second groups of Codes are mirrors in column to each other; and mapping the spectrum-spread elements to the first and second frequency resources, respectively.

Abstract: A cellular communications network 10 comprises a plurality of basestations 12, 14, 16 and 18 connected to each other through an interface and to a core network through another interface. Each basestation has a coverage area referred to as a cell k. There are provided methods for estimating the load imparted on a cell in the cellular communications network by user equipments in the cell. The methods make it possible to estimate any potential increase in the load that may impact onto a target cell due to the handover of a UE from a serving cell.

Abstract: Using a transformation based, at least in part, on a non-simple orthogonal matrix, data may be transmitted over a data bus in a manner that is resilient to one or more types of signal noise, that does not require a common reference at the transmission and acquisition points, and/or that has a pin-efficiency that is greater than 50% and may approach that of single-ended signaling. Such transformations may be implemented in hardware in an efficient manner. The transformation may be combined with methods from forward error correction to lower the required transmission power.

Abstract: Railcar monitoring utilizes instrumented, flexible pads supported within the truck pedestal jaws on the bearing adapters. The pads contain sensors for monitoring temperature pressure, shifting loads, truck hunting and the like and have circuitry for processing information received from the sensors and for processing and reporting departures of performance variables to a remote source. The system cyclically activates polling each pad on a car and communicates signals of critical departures and car identity to a remote source.

Abstract: A computing device operating according to a frequency division multiplexed protocol in which communication occurs over a signal formed from a plurality of sub-channels selected from anywhere in a frequency spectrum. A computing device may select sub-channels cognitively by using information about sub-channels previously deemed suitable or unsuitable by that computing device or other computing devices. A described technique for determining sub-channel suitability includes analyzing radio frequency energy in the sub-channel to detect signals generated by another computing device or high noise levels. Information may also be used to cognitively select sub-channels to be analyzed, such as by first selecting for analysis previously-used sub-channels.

Abstract: A bottom hole assembly includes a cable to transmit power and communication signals. A first measurement-while-drilling tool is coupled with the cable. A second measurement-while-drilling tool is coupled with the cable. An adapter is coupled with the cable and positioned between the first and second measurement-while-drilling tools. The adapter includes a disconnect in the cable that prevents the power from being transmitted through the adapter. A repeater is coupled with the cable and amplifies the communication signals transmitted through the cable.

Abstract: In MU-MIMO scenarios, a transmitting node (700) receives feedback on a feedback channel from a receiving node (1200) regarding a channel between the transmitting and receiving nodes (700, 1200). The feedback also includes preferences of the receiving node (1200). However, the feedback may not always be useful. For example, the receiving node (1200) may indicate a preferred rank in the feedback that the transmitting node (700) cannot accommodate. To address such issues, mechanisms for the transmitting node (700) to convey its preferences to the receiving node (1200) are proposed. The receiving node (1200), with such knowledge, can provide more useful feedback information to the transmitting node (700).

Abstract: A transmitter may be operable to generate a sequence of symbols which may comprise information symbols and one or more pilot symbols. The transmitter may transmit the information symbols at a first power and transmit the one or more pilot symbols at a second power. In instances when a particular performance indicator is below a determined threshold, the first power may be set to a first value and the second power may be set to zero value. In instances when the particular performance indicator is above the determined threshold, the first power may be set to a second value and the second power may be set to a non-zero value. A value of the first power and a value of the second power may be based on an applicable average power limit determined by a communications standard with which the transmitter is to comply.

Abstract: A method for processing a data packet before transmission over a radio communications network as a succession of waveforms transmitted at positions defined by hopping codes, which are time positions or frequency positions. The packet is transmitted over a communications channel of the network by a transmitter node to a destination node. The method includes the following steps performed for each bit of the data packet to be transmitted, referred to as the current bit: calculating a hopping code at least as a function of the value of the current bit and of an encryption key generated by a pseudo-random generator, the encryption key having size greater than the maximum size of a data packet transmitted over the channel; and causing a waveform to be transmitted at the position defined by the calculated hopping code, the transmitted waveform being identical regardless of the value of the current bit.

Abstract: A method is provided for transmitting a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) packet in a wireless local area network. A physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) is generated including at least one training field, a very high throughput (VHT)-signal field and a plurality of data streams. The PPDU is transmitted to at least one receiver. The VHT-signal field includes first information, second information and third information. The first information indicates that the plurality of data streams in the PPDU are simultaneously received by the at least one receiver. The second information indicates which receiver is targeted for the plurality of data streams. The third information indicates a bandwidth used for a transmission of the plurality of data streams.

Abstract: A method for generating a spread spectrum Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) signal includes obtaining a sequence of data symbols for a data channel, obtaining at least one first spread spectrum code comprising a first sequence of spread spectrum chips for the data channel, obtaining at least one second spread spectrum code comprising a second sequence of spread spectrum chips for a pilot channel, and generating a sequence of pre-modulation chips by combining the sequence of data symbols for the data channel with the spread spectrum chips of the first sequence of the at least one first spread spectrum code and data symbols for the pilot channel with the spread spectrum chips of the second sequence of the at least one second spread spectrum code to a combined sequence of chips.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting data using a human body. The apparatus includes a parallel bit stream generation unit, a frequency selective spreading unit, a matched filter unit, and a transmission filter unit. The parallel bit stream generation unit outputs a parallel bit stream for an input serial bit stream. The frequency selective spreading unit divides the parallel bit stream into a preset number of bit groups, generates a single code vector by combining orthogonal code vectors corresponding to the respective bit groups, and shifts the center frequency of a transmission signal by spreading the single code vector using a frequency shift code. The transmission filter unit meets a transmit mask for the transmission signal.

Abstract: A transmitting and receiving apparatus and method for separating multiple broadcast signals from each other in a terrestrial cloud broadcast system are provided. A terrestrial cloud broadcast signal transmitting apparatus may include a plurality of transmitters for transmitting a plurality of terrestrial cloud broadcast signals, wherein each of the plurality of transmitters includes, an encoder encoding input data to generate a code word and a scrambler scrambling the generated code word using a scramble sequence uniquely allocated for each transmitter so that the plurality of terrestrial cloud broadcast signals are distinguished from each other.

Abstract: Techniques for transmitting data and pilot for control information are described. In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) may spread a reference signal sequence with a first orthogonal sequence to obtain multiple pilot sequences. The UE may then send the multiple pilot sequences on multiple subcarriers in multiple symbol periods, one pilot sequence in each symbol period. The UE may modulate the reference signal sequence with control information (e.g., ACK information) to obtain a modulated sequence. The UE may spread the modulated sequence with a second orthogonal sequence to obtain multiple data sequences. The UE may then send the multiple data sequences on the multiple subcarriers in multiple symbol periods for data. In another aspect, the UE may send multiple pilot sequences on multiple subcarriers in multiple symbol periods separated by at least one symbol period, one pilot sequence in each symbol period.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for communications are disclosed. The apparatus may include a transceiver, and a processing system configured to dynamically allocate a plurality of channels to one or more nodes prior to a data transmission from the transceiver to the one or more nodes. Further, an access terminal and method for communications are disclosed, wherein the access terminal may include a processing system configured to receive from another access terminal a dynamic allocation of a plurality of channels prior to a data transmission, and a transceiver configured to receive the data transmission from the other access terminal on the channels.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments, a communication system includes a first device and a second device in communication with the first device. The second device has at least a first pair and a second pair of antennas. The second device spreads a communication bit by a predetermined spreading factor and forms a first set of spatial block codes in frequency domain based on the spread communication bit. The first set of spatial block codes being consecutively transmitted on one of the first and second pairs of antennas.

Abstract: A photonic implementation of the modulated wideband converter (MWC) is described. The highly scalable compressive sensing receiver architecture uses photonic components for analog front-end compression and downconversion, allowing scalable data conversion over an extremely wide instantaneous surveillance bandwidth, limited only by the peak anticipated signal occupancy and application-dependent size, weight, and power constraints.

Abstract: In a radio communication system a first radio station performs communication by the use of a first radio signal. A second radio station receives a second radio signal which is indistinguishable from the first radio signal. A third radio station is in a radio communication area of the first radio station and a radio communication area of the second radio station. A communication format conversion unit generates a third radio signal by converting a communication format of the second radio signal to a communication format which is distinguishable from the first radio signal, and communicates with the third radio station by the use of the third radio signal.

Abstract: A signal receiving device for measuring a characteristic of a wireless communication channel is provided. The signal receiving device includes an analog signal processor, an analog-digital converter, and a digital signal processor. The analog signal processor generates a band-limited signal by decreasing an intensity of a signal having an image frequency in a correlation operation result signal being a result of correlation operation, and generates an intermediate frequency signal by transforming the band-limited signal. The analog-digital converter converts the intermediate frequency signal into a digital signal.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) may communicate channel state information in a wireless network. The UE may include transceiver circuitry to receive orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signals from an Enhanced node B (eNB). The UE may include processing circuitry to derive one or more principal eigen beams from the received OFDMA signals. The principal eigen beams may have a rank greater than or equal to one. The processing circuitry may derive quantized eigen beams from the principal eigen beams. The processing circuitry may select, in response to the quantized eigen beams, a subset of available antenna ports on the eNB for receiving from the eNB and transmitting to the eNB. The UE may communicate to the eNB a bit pattern of the quantized eigen beams and at least one of a wideband channel quality indicator (CQI) or a subband CQI conditioned on the quantized eigen beams.

Abstract: Reducing a power of a signal electromagnetically coupled from a PLC medium to a digital subscriber line (DSL) medium. The method involves transmitting a data signal over the PLC medium at a first average power level from one of a plurality of PLC transmitters coupled to the PLC medium, then measuring first noise associated with a first signal received at a DSL receiver coupled to the DSL communication medium caused at least in part by the data signal transmitted over the PLC medium at a second average power level from the one PLC transmitter, the second average power level different than the first average power level, followed by measuring second noise associated with a second signal received at the DSL receiver coupled to the DSL communication medium caused at least in part by the data signal transmission over the PLC medium at the second average power level.

Abstract: A method, a computer readable medium and an apparatus to adaptively control a data transmission rate of a wireless display device. The method includes determining a current data transmission rate capacity of a wireless channel; and controlling a data transmission rate of a wireless transmission device based on the current data transmission rate capacity.

Abstract: Embodiments may provide a way of communicating via an electromagnetic radiator, or light source, that can be amplitude modulated such as light emitting diode (LED) lighting and receivers or detectors that can determine data from light received from the amplitude modulated electromagnetic radiator. Some embodiments may provide a method of transmitting/encoding data via modulated LED lighting and other embodiments may provide receiving/decoding data from the modulated LED lighting by means of a device with a low sampling frequency such as a relatively inexpensive camera (as might be found in a smart phone). Some embodiments are intended for indoor navigation via photogrammetry (i.e., image processing) using self-identifying LED light anchors. In many embodiments, the data signal may be communicated via the light source at amplitude modulating frequencies such that the resulting flicker is not perceivable to the human eye.

Abstract: A base station is provided for receiving an acknowledgement or negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) signal, including a transmitting unit configured to transmit a control signal using one or a plurality of CCE(s). The base station also includes a receiving unit configured to receive an ACK/NACK signal, the ACK/NACK signal being multiplied by an orthogonal sequence, by a sequence defined by a cyclic shift, and by either a first value or a second value, wherein the first value rotates a constellation of the ACK/NACK signal by 0 degrees and the second value rotates the constellation of the ACK/NACK signal by N degrees, which is different from 0 degrees.

Abstract: A preamble, a plurality of data segments of a data payload of a single data unit, and one or more midambles, each included between respective data segments, are generated. Data to be included in the data segments is processed, including at least one of: encoding all data payload bits of all segments as a whole, encoding data payload bits on a per segment basis, scrambling all data payload bits of all segments as a whole, scrambling data payload bits on a per segment basis, adding padding bits to only a last data segment, or adding padding bits to each data segment separately. The single data unit, including the preamble, the plurality of data segments and the one or more midambles, is caused to be transmitted. A network interface of a communication device may perform the generation and the data processing, and may cause the transmission of the single data unit.