Abstract: The present invention relates to an intra-prediction method and to an encoder and decoder using same. The intra-prediction method according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of deriving a prediction mode of a current block; and generating a prediction block with respect to the current block on the basis of the prediction mode of the current block. When the prediction mode of the current block is an intra-angular prediction mode, values of boundary samples from among left boundary samples and upper boundary samples of the prediction block, which are not positioned in a prediction direction of the intra-angular prediction mode, are derived on the basis of reference samples positioned in the prediction direction of the intra-angular prediction mode, and on the basis of adjacent reference samples.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for video encoding/decoding. In some examples, an apparatus for video decoding includes receiving circuitry and processing circuitry. For example, the processing circuitry decodes prediction information of a current block in a current coding tree unit (CTU) from a coded video bitstream. The prediction information is indicative of an intra block copy mode. A size of the current CTU is smaller than a maximum size of a reference sample memory for storing reconstructed samples. The processing circuitry determines a block vector that points to a reference block in a same picture as the current block. The reference block has reconstructed samples buffered in the reference sample memory. Then, the processing circuitry reconstructs at least a sample of the current block based on the reconstructed samples of the reference block that are retrieved from the reference sample memory.

Abstract: An image decoding device including an intra prediction unit for, when a coding mode for a coding block is an intra coding mode, carrying out an intra-frame prediction process on each of processing blocks to generate a prediction image, each of the processing blocks being the coding block or a sub-block obtained by dividing the coding block, wherein, when an intra prediction parameter indicates a vertical prediction process and a size of the processing block is less than a predetermined size, the intra prediction unit performs a specific processing and when the intra prediction parameter indicates the vertical prediction process and the size of the processing block is greater than or equal to the predetermined size, the intra prediction unit performs a specific processing.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for processing a video signal through target modification, the method comprising the steps of: acquiring a target modification flag from a sequence parameter set of the video signal, wherein the target modification flag indicates whether a modification is performed on a target region; if the modification is performed on the target region according to the target modification flag, acquiring a target modification index, wherein the target modification index indicates a target modification scheme which corresponds to a non-modification, a left-right symmetric modification, an up-down symmetric modification, a rotation modification, or a combination thereof; identifying a target modification scheme which corresponds to the target modification index; and performing an inverse-modification on a reconstructed target region, according to the identified target modification scheme.

Abstract: A video bitstream is decoded by decoding a first syntax element with an integer value indicating a number of a plurality of entropy slices defining a first slice, a second syntax element indicating an offset, and a third syntax element indicating a slice type of the first slice. When the third syntax element indicates the slice type of the first slice is a B slice or a P slice, a flag in the slice header indicating an initialization method of a CABAC context is decoded, and the CABAC context is initialized using one of the first initialization method and the second initialization method. When the third syntax element indicates the slice type of the first slice is an I slice, the CABAC context is initialized using a third initialization method.

Abstract: A video coder that implicitly signals or decides transform settings based on intra prediction settings is provided. The video coder receives input data associated with a current block. The video coder determines a current intra prediction mode for the current block and maps the current intra prediction mode to a target transform mode. In one example, the video coder encodes the current block by performing a transform operation according to the target transform mode on the prediction residuals of the current block generated according to the current intra prediction mode. In another example, the video coder decodes the current block by performing an inverse transform operation according to the target transform mode on the coded prediction residuals of the current block, in which the coded prediction residuals is derived from the bitstream and is generated according to the current intra prediction mode.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method performed by a video decoding apparatus, the video decoding method including: determining prediction mode information of a current block and an index indicating a prediction candidate, from a bitstream; determining a prediction candidate list according to the prediction mode information; when the prediction mode information of the current block indicates a pre-set prediction mode, determining a motion vector indicated by the index indicating the prediction candidate from the prediction candidate list, and determining a prediction motion vector of the current block based on at least one of pieces of motion prediction information related to the motion vector; and determining a motion vector of the current block based on the prediction motion vector, wherein the pre-set prediction mode is a prediction mode different from a skip mode and a merge mode.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for encoding an array of coefficients representing an unencoded video frame of a sequence of video frames to generate an encoded bit-stream representative of the unencoded video frame. The array of coefficients may have a plurality of coefficient rows and a plurality of coefficient columns and the encoded bit-stream representative of the unencoded video frame may include at least a header and a video data payload. Accordingly, the array of coefficients may be separated into an array of coding blocks; each array of coding blocks may be placed into a coding stripe and each coding stripe may be placed into a coding stripe group. The array of coefficients may then be encoded such that the coefficients of a coding block are encoded using information obtained only from other coefficients in the same coding stripe group and a first video data payload portion of the video data payload corresponding to the coding stripe is an integer number of bytes in length.

Abstract: A method for encoding a picture of a video sequence in a bit stream that reduces slice header parsing overhead is provided. The method includes determining weighting factors that may be used for weighted prediction in encoding at least one slice of the picture, wherein a total number of the weighting factors is constrained to not exceed a predetermined threshold number of weighting factors, wherein the threshold number is less than a maximum possible number of weighting factors, and signaling weighted prediction parameters including the weighting factors in a slice header in the bit stream.

Abstract: Spatial information that describes spatial locations of visual objects as in a three-dimensional (3D) image space as represented in one or more multi-view unlayered images is accessed. Based on the spatial information, a cinema image layer and one or more device image layers are generated from the one or more multi-view unlayered images. A multi-layer multi-view video signal comprising the cinema image layer and the device image layers is sent to downstream devices for rendering.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for processing an image based on an inter prediction and an apparatus for the same. Particularly, the method may include generating a bi-directional predictor of each pixel of a current block by performing a bi-directional inter prediction based on a motion vector of the current block; deriving a first motion vector from a window area of a specific size in a first reference picture for a current pixel, and deriving a second motion vector from a window area of a specific size in a second reference picture for the current pixel; deriving a first predictor for the current pixel using the first motion vector, and deriving a second predictor for the current pixel using the second motion vector; and generating a third predictor of each pixel of the current block by performing a weighted sum of the first predictor and the second predictor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide adaptive interpolation filter for motion compensation with fractional-pixel accuracy. Embodiments of the present invention generate interpolated reference samples at non-integer locations based on existing reference samples in a reference block by using an interpolation filter set adaptively according to pixel location and/or pixel characteristics. A current block is then encoded or decoded using a temporal predictor including the interpolated reference samples. The adaptive interpolation filter can be applied to the prediction unit (PU). In one embodiment, the interpolation filter set consists of interpolation filters having different filter lengths. An interpolation filter with a longer tap length is applied to generate interpolated reference samples farther from the block boundary and an interpolation filter with a shorter tap length is applied to generate interpolated reference samples closer to the block boundary.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an image encoding/decoding method comprises the steps of: performing an intra prediction on a current block so as to generate a prediction block; performing filtering on a filtering target pixel in the prediction block on the basis of the intra prediction mode of the current block so as to generate a final prediction block; and generating a reconstructed block on the basis of a reconstructed differential block corresponding to the current block and on the final prediction block. According to the present invention, image encoding/decoding efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an image encoding/decoding method comprises the steps of: performing an intra prediction on a current block so as to generate a prediction block; performing filtering on a filtering target pixel in the prediction block on the basis of the intra prediction mode of the current block so as to generate a final prediction block; and generating a reconstructed block on the basis of a reconstructed differential block corresponding to the current block and on the final prediction block. According to the present invention, image encoding/decoding efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for decoding an image. The apparatus restores a plurality of sub-blocks by applying a scan pattern determined according to the intra prediction mode of the current block on the quantization coefficient sequence and restores the quantized transform block by applying a scan pattern determined according to the intra prediction mode of the current block on the plurality of sub-blocks. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of coding bits and computing resources required to decode a current prediction block.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image encoding apparatus that makes it possible to improve the encoding speed while maintaining the image quality. A statistical information calculation unit supplies calculated statistical information to a table selection unit. Further, a picture type of an image from a screen rearrangement buffer and a quantization parameter Qp from a rate control unit are supplied to the table selection unit. The table selection unit determines a mode table to be used from a plurality of mode tables stored in a table storage unit on the basis of the statistical information and the picture type. For example, the table selection unit selects the mode table according to whether the statistical information is larger or smaller than a predetermined threshold. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, an image processing apparatus that performs encoding.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image coding/decoding method and an apparatus therefor. Specifically, a method for decoding an image by a decoding apparatus may include: deriving an intra prediction mode of a current block; configuring reference samples with samples neighboring to an upper end and samples neighboring to a left side of the current block; generating a prediction block of the current block by using the reference sample; and filtering a sample adjacent to a top boundary and/or a left boundary of the current block among the prediction samples, in which when the current block is a non-square block, whether to filter the sample adjacent to the top boundary of the current block may be determined by considering only a width of the current block and whether to filter the sample adjacent to the left boundary of the current block may be determined by considering only a height of the current block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to efficient signaling of an intra prediction mode for predicting a current block in intra prediction coding. According to an aspect of the present invention, a video encoding apparatus divides dozens of intra modes into groups, selects a group to which an actual intra mode of the current block to be encoded belongs, and signals a value corresponding to the group. The video decoding apparatus acquires information on the group to which the actual intra mode of the current block belongs from a bit-stream and then evaluates intra modes belonging to the group to select a final intra mode.

Abstract: Provided is a picture encoding device that divides a picture into blocks and performs encoding for each of the divided blocks. A primary signal block divider divides a primary signal of the picture into rectangles having a predetermined size, and generates a primary signal block. A secondary signal block divider divides a secondary signal of the picture into rectangles having a predetermined size, and generates a secondary signal block. A primary signal predictor predicts a primary signal, and a secondary signal predictor predicts a secondary signal. The secondary signal predictor can perform inter prediction of predicting a secondary signal from an encoded primary signal, and the inter prediction is restricted based on at least one of a size of the primary signal block and a size of the secondary signal block.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for video coding (e.g., encoding and/or decoding). A coding device may include a processor. The processor may be configured to receive a video frame and partition the video frame into a super coding units (SCUs). The processor may be configured to partition each of the SCUs into coding tree units (CTUs) based on a coding mode.

Abstract: An image decoding apparatus includes: an MPM candidate list deriving unit that derives an MPM candidate list by adding a plurality of different intra prediction modes to the MPM candidate list based on a shape of a target block, and an MPM parameter decoding unit decoding parameters for deriving the intra-prediction modes from the MPM candidate list.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image processing method, wherein the method includes the steps of: receiving an image signal including a first frame and a second frame; determining edges of a foreground in the first frame and the second frame according to at least one motion vector of the first frame and the second frame; determining an edge of the foreground in an interpolated frame according to the edge of the foreground in the first frame and the edge of the foreground in the second frame; and directly using one or more motion vectors of a background adjacent to the foreground in the first frame or the second frame to serve as one or more motion vectors of an outer region of the edge of the foreground in the interpolated frame.

Abstract: A video decoding method according to this document includes constructing a most probable mode (MPM) list by deriving MPM candidates for a current block based on a neighboring block adjacent to the current block, deriving an intra prediction mode for the current block based on the MPM list, generating predicted samples by performing prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode, and generating a reconstructed picture for the current block based on the predicted samples.

Abstract: A method of decoding a bitstream by an electronic device includes determining a block unit having a block height and a block width from an image frame according to the bitstream. A mode list including a plurality of intra modes is determined for reconstructing the block unit. At least one of the intra modes is selected from the mode list based on a comparison between the block height and the block width, and removed from the mode list to generate an adjusted list including a plurality of unselected modes. The block unit included in the image frame is reconstructed based on the adjusted list.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for encoding a video are disclosed. For at least one block from a picture of said video, a first rate-distortion optimization is performed (602) for determining for a first splitting mode of said block into at least one first subblock, coding parameters of said at least one first subblock. At least one second rate-distortion optimization is performed (609) for determining for at least one second splitting mode of said block into at least one second subblock, coding parameters of said at least one second subblock. A best splitting mode for coding said block is determined (613) according to at least said first rate-distortion optimization and said second rate-distortion optimization, and said block is encoded (616) according to said best splitting mode.

Abstract: Innovations in flexible reference picture management are described. For example, a video encoder and video decoder use a global reference picture set (“GRPS”) of reference pictures that remain in memory, and hence are available for use in video encoding/decoding, longer than conventional reference pictures. In particular, reference pictures of the GRPS remain available across random access boundaries. Or, as another example, a video encoder and video decoder clip a reference picture so that useful regions of the reference picture are retained in memory, while unhelpful or redundant regions of the reference picture are discarded. Reference picture clipping can reduce the amount of memory needed to store reference pictures or improve the utilization of available memory by providing better options for motion compensation. Or, as still another example, a video encoder and video decoder filter a reference picture to remove random noise (e.g., capture noise due to camera imperfections during capture).

Abstract: Systems and methods for dense captioning of a video include a multi-layer encoder stack configured to receive information extracted from a plurality of video frames, a proposal decoder coupled to the encoder stack and configured to receive one or more outputs from the encoder stack, a masking unit configured to mask the one or more outputs from the encoder stack according to one or more outputs from the proposal decoder, and a decoder stack coupled to the masking unit and configured to receive the masked one or more outputs from the encoder stack. Generating the dense captioning based on one or more outputs of the decoder stack. In some embodiments, the one or more outputs from the proposal decoder include a differentiable mask. In some embodiments, during training, error in the dense captioning is back propagated to the decoder stack, the encoder stack, and the proposal decoder.

Abstract: A method of decoding JVET video, comprising defining a coding unit (CU) template within a decoded area of a video frame, the CU template being positioned above and/or to the left of a current decoding position for which data was intra predicted, defining a search window within the decoded area, the search window being adjacent to the CU template, generating a plurality of candidate prediction templates based on pixel values in the search window, each of the plurality of candidate prediction templates being generated using different intra prediction modes, calculating a matching cost between the CU template and each of the plurality of candidate prediction templates, selecting an intra prediction mode that generated the candidate prediction template that had the lowest matching cost relative to the CU template, and generating a prediction CU for the current decoding position based on the intra prediction mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to deblocking filtering which is applicable to smoothing the block boundaries in an image or video coding and decoding. In particular, the deblocking filtering is either strong or weak, wherein the clipping is performed differently in the strong filtering and the weak filtering.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an intra-frame depth map block decoding method, including: acquiring, from a bitstream, a depth modeling mode (DMM) used for a depth map block, wherein the DMM is applied to a recursive quadtree (RQT) coding or simplified depth coding (SDC); obtaining a block predicted value of a depth map subblock obtained through segmentation in the DMM according to the DMM; acquiring, from the bitstream, a block offset value of the depth map subblock, and residual information of each pixel in the depth map subblock; and obtaining a reconstruction value of each pixel in the depth map subblock according to the block predicted value, the block offset value and the residual information of each pixel in the depth map subblock.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to video encoding or decoding for splitting a picture into a plurality of tiles in order to encode video efficiently. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a video encoding method for encoding a picture split into a plurality of tiles includes encoding first information indicating whether to merge some of the plurality of tiles; when the first information is encoded to indicate tile merging, generating one or more merge tiles by merging some of the plurality of tiles, each of the merge tiles being defined as one tile; encoding second information indicating tiles merged into each of the merge tiles among the plurality of tiles; and encoding each of the merge tiles as one tile without restriction on encoding dependencies between the tiles merged into each of the merge tiles.

Abstract: Provided is a method that de-multiplexes a bit stream to extract intra prediction mode information and residual signals, restores an intra prediction mode of a current prediction unit using the intra prediction information and intra prediction modes of prediction units adjacent to the current prediction unit, generates reference pixels using one or more available reference pixel if there exist unavailable reference pixels of the prediction unit, adaptively filters the reference pixels based on the restored intra prediction mode, generates a prediction block using the restored intra prediction mode and the reference pixels, decodes the residual signal to generating a residual block, and generates a reconstructed block using the prediction block and the residual block. Accordingly, additional bits resulted from increase of a number of intra prediction mode are effectively reduced. Also, an image compression ratio can be improved by generating a prediction block similar to an original block.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the quality of a video network is provided. The method including: collecting a first plurality of video frames leaving a video capture device, the first plurality of video frames being transmitted from the video capture device to a video encoder; collecting a second plurality of video frames arriving at the video encoder, the second plurality of video frames being transmitted from the video capture device to the video encoder; comparing the first plurality of video frames and the second plurality of video frames; and determining a fault with the video capture device or the video encoder in response to the comparison of the first plurality of video frames and the second plurality of video frames.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling intra prediction for decoding of a video sequence are provided. The method includes, based on a reference line index signaling, to a decoder, a first reference line nearest to a coding unit, among a plurality of reference lines adjacent to the coding unit, applying intra smoothing on only the first reference line, based on the intra smoothing being applied only on the first reference line, applying intra prediction on the coding unit, and based on the intra prediction being applied on the coding unit, applying a position-dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) on only the first reference line.

Abstract: An example coding device, such as a video coding (encoding or decoding) device is configured to determine a plurality of estimator functions to be used to calculate a probability of a symbol having a particular value, wherein the symbol is to be binary arithmetic coded according to the probability, and wherein the estimator functions do not include division operations; determine a plurality of weights for the plurality of estimator functions such that when the respective weights are applied to the estimator functions, a resulting sum of outputs of the plurality of estimator functions yields the probability; calculate the probability of the symbol having the particular value, including: execute the estimator functions without using the division operations to determine the outputs; and calculate a sum of the outputs as the probability; and binary arithmetic code the symbol according to the probability of the symbol having the particular value.

Abstract: A method for operating a display pipe having a first bit depth and implemented in an electronic device may include determining a second bit depth of a display. The method may also include compressing first image data to the second bit depth, where the first image data corresponds to a first image to be presented via the display. The method may also include including buffer data with the first image data to generate processed image data and outputting the processed image data as output image data to cause presentation of the first image.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an intra prediction method including: deriving neighbor prediction mode information from a left neighbor prediction mode and an upper neighbor prediction mode; deriving an intra prediction mode for a decoding target unit by using the derived neighbor prediction mode information; and performing intra prediction on the decoding target unit based on the intra prediction mode. According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, image encoding/decoding efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: An image decoding method can include deriving luma intra prediction mode and chroma intra prediction mode, wherein the luma intra prediction mode is derived by using a prediction mode index, a mode group indicator, and an MPM (Most Probable Mode) group including three intra prediction modes; determining a size of a luma transform unit and a size of a chroma transform unit; generating a reference pixel when at least one of reference pixels is unavailable; adaptively filtering a reference pixel of a current luma block based on the luma intra prediction mode and the size of luma transform unit; generating prediction blocks of a current chroma block and the current luma block using the adaptively filtered reference pixel; generating residual blocks of the current chroma block and the current luma block; and generating a reconstructed block by adding the residual blocks and the prediction blocks.

Abstract: A method of data synchronization for an aerial vehicle includes a controller of the aerial vehicle generating one or more time stamps each representing a clock time of the controller, sending instruction information to one or more sensors of the aerial vehicle, the instruction information carrying the one or more time stamps and directing the one or more sensors to perform data collection, and receiving one or more data packets returned from the one or more sensors. Each of the one or more data packets carries one of the one or more time stamps and includes data collected by one of the one or more sensors in response to the instruction information.

Abstract: A video encoding method of performing scalable encoding on input video includes: determining a total number of layers of the scalable encoding to be less than or equal to a maximum layer count determined according to a frame rate; and performing the scalable encoding on the input video to generate a bitstream, using the determined total number of layers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for video coding using ringing smoothing filter (RSF) are disclosed. According to one method, ringing smoothing filter (RSF) is applied to the reconstructed residuals to form smoothed reconstructed residuals or applied to an in-loop-filtered reconstructed block to form a smoothed-filtered reconstructed block for the current block, where the RSF corresponds to an edge-preserving filter. The ringing smoothing filter (RSF) may correspond to a bilateral filter. According to another method, adaptive RSF is derived based on information comprising Intra prediction mode or Inter prediction mode. In yet another method, whether to apply ringing smoothing filter (RSF) to a current block in the current image is determined based on one or more control flags. If the control flag(s) indicates the RSF being on for the current block, the RSF is applied to the current block.

Abstract: A method of providing a mode value representing a prediction mode of at least part of an image to be encoded, the image being composed of a plurality of processing blocks, each processing block being predictable by applying a prediction mode of a plurality M of available prediction modes, the method comprising: determining first data indicative of a first set of n most probable prediction modes, from the plurality M of available prediction modes, for predicting the said at least part of an image; determining, for the case where a most probable prediction mode is not used, second data representative of a second set of prediction modes of the plurality M of available prediction modes wherein the second set of prediction modes comprise a restricted number N of prediction modes of the M available prediction modes, the prediction modes of the second set being selected from the M available prediction modes according to a predefined condition.

Abstract: An apparatus for encoding frames of a sequence of source frames of video image data to be encoded. The apparatus includes encoding circuitry configured to encode the source frames using reference frames. The apparatus also includes monitoring circuitry configured to, when the encoding circuitry is encoding a source frame using one or more reference frames, monitor the memory bandwidth being used when using the one or more reference frames when encoding the source frame. The apparatus further includes encoding circuitry that is operable to, in response to the monitored memory bandwidth being greater than a threshold, to control the encoding circuitry to encode a subsequent part of the source frame using a modified video encoding process to restrict the memory bandwidth usage when using one or more reference frames when encoding a subsequent part of a source frame.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an image decoding method performed by a decoding device comprises the steps of: generating a first prediction block and a second prediction block of a current block; selecting a prediction block, to which a Wiener filter is to be applied, among the first prediction block and the second prediction block; deriving Wiener filter coefficients of the selected prediction block based on the first prediction block and the second prediction block; filtering the selected prediction block based on the derived Wiener filter coefficients; and generating a reconstructed block of the current block based on the filtered prediction block. According to the present invention, the overall coding efficiency can be improved by minimizing the difference between prediction blocks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for predicting an inter-layer of an image having a plurality of layers including at least one temporal sub-layer. The method according to present invention comprises the steps of: acquiring information on a temporal sub-layer for inter-layer prediction; inducing a reference picture used for predicting an inter-layer of a current picture on the basis of the information on the temporal sub-layer; and predicting the inter-layer of the current picture on the basis of the reference picture.

Abstract: Encoding a digital image divided into a plurality of blocks of pixels processed in a defined order, including the following steps, implemented for a current block, with preset sizes: predicting values of the current block from at least one block previously processed; calculating a residual block by subtracting the predicted values from the original values of the current block; obtaining a residual block by applying a transform to pixels of the residual block, said transformed residual block comprising coefficients; encoding the transformed residual block; calculating at least one characteristic representative of at least one transformed residual coefficient of the current block; determining initial identification data representative of a sub-list of at least one transform associated with said at least one calculated characteristic; and verifying that the transform applied to the current block is part of the sub-list identified by the initial data.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for filtering a reference pixel. A method of smoothing a reference pixel may include determining whether or not to perform smoothing on a reference pixel based on the size of a transform block and information about an intra-prediction mode for the transform block and determining a smoothing method by comparing the size of the transform block with the size of a maximum transform block. Accordingly, image coding efficiency can be increased, and picture quality can be improved.

Abstract: A method of decoding a bitstream by an electronic device is provided. A block unit is determined from an image frame according to the bitstream. A plurality of candidate modes included in a mode list are separated in a first mode group and a second mode group. The electronics device determines whether a specific one of the candidate modes in the first mode group is replaced by one of the candidate modes in the second mode group. When the specific candidate mode in the first mode group is replaced, a prediction mode is determined from the candidate modes in the second mode group. When the specific candidate mode in the first mode group remains unchanged, the specific candidate mode in the first mode group is determined as the prediction mode. Then, the block unit of the image frame is reconstructed based on the prediction mode.

Abstract: Both a conventional receiver and an HDR-compatible receiver well perform electro-optical conversion processing on transmission video data obtained by using an HDR opto-electronic transfer characteristic. High dynamic range opto-electronic conversion is performed on high dynamic range video data to obtain the transmission video data. Encoding processing is performed on this transmission video data to obtain a video stream. A container of a predetermined format including this video stream is transmitted. Metadata information indicating a standard dynamic range opto-electronic transfer characteristic is inserted into a layer of the video stream, and metadata information indicating a high dynamic range opto-electronic transfer characteristic is inserted into at least one of the layer of the video stream and a layer of the container.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for filtering a reference pixel. A method of smoothing a reference pixel may include determining whether or not to perform smoothing on a reference pixel based on the size of a transform block and information about an intra-prediction mode for the transform block and determining a smoothing method by comparing the size of the transform block with the size of a maximum transform block. Accordingly, image coding efficiency can be increased, and picture quality can be improved.