Abstract: Disclosed are a method for predicting a current block using a current picture referencing mode (also called intra block copy (ibc) mode), and a video encoding or decoding device therefor. The method comprises: decoding, from a bitstream, an enable flag indicating whether the application of the ibc mode is allowed, and type information indicating whether the type of slices is an inter type; depending on the enable flag and the type information, decoding from the bitstream an ibc flag indicating whether a prediction mode for the current block is the ibc mode; when the ibc flag indicates the ibc mode, decoding motion information from the bitstream; and predicting the current block by using a block indicated by the motion information within a current picture in which the current block is located.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing intra prediction are provided. An image decoding method of the present invention comprises deriving an intra prediction mode for a current block, selecting at least one reconstructed sample line neighboring to the current block, constructing a reference sample using at least one reconstructed sample included in the at least one reconstructed sample line, and performing intra prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample.

Abstract: A method of visual media processing includes determining a size of a buffer to store reference samples for prediction in an intra block copy mode; and performing a conversion between a current video block of visual media data and a bitstream representation of the current video block, using the reference samples stored in the buffer, wherein the conversion is performed in the intra block copy mode which is based on motion information related to a reconstructed block located in same video region with the current video block without referring to a reference picture.

Abstract: An image decoding apparatus (31) includes a CT information decoding unit (10) configured, in each coding tree, to decode a constraint flag indicating whether or not to constrain decoding a prediction unit, and a CU decoding unit (20) configured, in the coding tree, to decode a prediction unit in a coding node to be decoded first and to not decode a prediction unit in another coding node, in a case that the constraint flag indicates constraint of decoding the prediction unit. According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce a coding amount of PU and complexity of coding/decoding an image while maintaining a split with a high degree of freedom by CT split (QT split and BT split).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image processing apparatus and a method that make it possible to suppress reduction of the encoding efficiency. A patch, which is an image where 3D data representative of a three-dimensional structure is projected on a two-dimensional plane, is placed and packed in a frame image on the basis of an evaluation of a result of prediction performed in encoding of the 3D data, and the frame image in which the patch is placed and packed is encoded using the prediction. The present disclosure can be applied, for example, to an information processing apparatus, an image processing apparatus, electronic equipment, an information processing method, a program or the like.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for decoding at least one video stream. A method includes receiving a first network abstraction layer (NAL) unit of a first slice of a coded picture and a second VCL NAL unit of a second slice of the coded picture, the first VCL NAL unit having a first VCL NAL unit type and the second VCL NAL unit having a second VCL NAL unit type that is different from the first VCL NAL unit type, and decoding the coded picture, the decoding including determining a picture type of the coded picture based on the first VCL NAL unit type of the first VCL NAL unit and the second VCL NAL unit type of the second VCL NAL unit, or based on an indicator, received by the at least one processor, indicating that the coded picture includes mixed VCL NAL unit types.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises an encoder configured to obtain point clouds, generate a first field that implements prediction type signaling of the point clouds, generate a second field that implements temporal order signaling of the point clouds, and encode the first field and the second field into an encoded bitstream; and an output interface coupled to the encoder and configured to transmit the encoded bitstream. An apparatus comprises a receiver configured to receive an encoded bitstream; and a processor coupled to the encoded bitstream and configured to decode the encoded bitstream to obtain a first field and second field, wherein the first field implements prediction type signaling of point clouds, and wherein the second field implements temporal order signaling of the point clouds, and generate the point clouds based on the first field and the second field.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for encoding and decoding digital video are described. In a representative aspect, a method for video processing includes maintaining one or more tables of intra prediction mode candidates based on one or more previous video blocks of a video and performing a conversion between a current video block of the video and a bitstream representation of the video using the one or more tables of intra prediction mode candidates.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes: (i) determining a baseline input-to-output delay, which represents a time period between when content is input into a first input buffer and output by an output buffer; (ii) establishing a synchronous lock between (a) first fingerprint data representing content in the first input buffer and (b) second fingerprint data representing content in the output buffer; (iii) determining an instruction time-point at which a content-presentation device is instructed to switch from using content in the first input buffer to populate the output buffer, to using content in the second input buffer to populate the output buffer; (iv) determining a loss of synchronous lock time-point; (v) using the determined baseline input-to-output delay, the determined instruction time-point, and the determined loss of synchronous lock time-point to determine an input-buffer switching delay; and (vi) using the determined input-buffer switching delay to facilitate performing a content-modification operation

Abstract: A picture decoding method, performed by a decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure, comprises the steps of: when an intra-prediction mode of a chroma block is a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode, deriving neighboring chroma reference samples with respect to the chroma block; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block corresponding to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and downsampled luma samples by down sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples, respectively; deriving a linear model parameter on the basis of the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples with respect to the chroma block on the basis of the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; and reconstructing the chroma block on the basis of the prediction samples with respect to the chroma block.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to an electronic device comprising: a processor; an image sensor that includes a first sensor pixel set and a second sensor pixel set; and a control circuit that is electrically connected to the image sensor, wherein the control circuit can be configured so as to obtain raw image data by using the image sensor in which the exposure of the first sensor pixel set and the exposure of the second sensor pixel set are configured differently, divide the raw image data into first channel data corresponding to a first color and second channel data corresponding to a second color, generate first channel compression data that are compressed on the basis of the first channel data such that at least a part of data obtained using the first sensor pixel set adjoins and at least a part of data obtained using the second sensor pixel set adjoins, generate second channel compression data that are compressed on the basis of the second channel data such that at least a part of t

Abstract: A mechanism is described for facilitating smart compression/decompression schemes at computing devices. A method of embodiments, as described herein, includes unifying a first compression scheme relating to three-dimensional (3D) content and a second compression scheme relating to media content into a unified compression scheme to perform compression of one or more of the 3D content and the media content relating to a processor including a graphics processor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a prediction method adopting in-loop filtering. According to the present invention, a prediction method for encoding and decoding video comprises the following steps: generating a residual block of the current block through an inverse quantization and inverse transform; generating a prediction block of the current block through an intra-prediction; performing in-loop filtering on the current block in which the residual block and the prediction block are combined; and storing the current block, on which the in-loop filtering is performed, in a frame buffer for an intra-prediction of the next block to be encoded. As described above, prediction is performed using an in-loop filter during processes for encoding and decoding video, thereby improving the accuracy of prediction and reducing errors in prediction, thus improving the efficiency of video compression and reducing the amount of data to be transmitted.

Abstract: Provided are a time domain channel prediction method and a time domain channel prediction system for an OFDM wireless communication system, which relate to the technical field of adaptive transmission in wireless communication. Frequency domain channel information is converted into time domain tap information by inverse Fourier transform. With respect to each time domain tap information, tap information prediction based on an extreme learning machine is realized, and finally predicted tap information is converted into frequency domain channel information by Fourier transform. To improve a generalization ability of a channel predictor, an output weight of the extreme learning machine is punished by a combination of l2 regularization and l1/2 regularization. The disclosure may provide satisfactory prediction performance and may output a sparse output weight, which reduces the requirement for memory storage. The disclosure ensures adaptive transmission and adaptive coding of wireless communication.

Abstract: A method, computer program, and computer system is encoding or decoding video data. Video data may include a syntax element indicating a quantization index, wherein a range of the quantization index is extended by an offset value. The syntax element may be parsed to determine the quantization index, a quantization step size may be obtained from a lookup table based on the quantization index and the offset value; and the video data may be encoded or decoded based on the quantization step size.

Abstract: An intra prediction method includes receiving input data of a current block in a current picture, deriving reference samples of the current block from boundary samples, selecting a matrix for the current block, generating intermediate predicted samples by multiplying the reference samples and the matrix, and clipping the intermediate predicted samples before up-sampling. The intra prediction method further includes performing an up-sampling process on the clipped intermediate predicted samples to generate predicted samples for the current block, and encoding or decoding the current block according to the predicted samples of the current block.

Abstract: Embodiments of a coding unit division decision method and device, an encoder and a storage medium are disclosed. The method includes: determining the current level of a target CU and obtaining a predicted level of the target CU according to a preset level prediction rule; determining whether the current level is smaller than the predicted level; in case of the current level smaller than the predicted level, performing division decisions on sub-CUs of the target CU to obtain first division decision results; in case of the first division decision results meeting a preset first skip condition, determining that a division decision result for the target CU is a result comprised of a division result for dividing the target CU into the four sub-CUs and the first division decision results respectively corresponding to the four sub-CUs of the target CU.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory. The circuitry, using the memory: derives a one-dimensional array of a plurality of reference samples for intra prediction; performs smoothing on the one-dimensional array of the plurality of reference samples which has been derived; and generates a prediction image using the plurality of reference samples. In deriving the one-dimensional array, the circuitry projects a value of at least one decoded pixel located on a first line onto a second line perpendicular to the first line, to derive at least one of the plurality of reference samples, and the smoothing is performed on the at least one decoded pixel projected onto the second line.

Abstract: Method and apparatus of video coding using a multi-layer prediction mode, are disclosed. According to one method, a bitstream is generated at an encoder side or received at a decoder side, where the bitstream corresponds to coded data of current video data in a current layer. The bitstream complies with a bitstream conformance requirement corresponding both the bit depth values for the current layer and the reference layer being the same and the chroma format index values for the current layer and the reference layer being the same. The current video data in the current layer is then encoded or decoded by utilizing reference video data in the reference layer.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing representative sample-based intra prediction are provided. An image decoding method may comprise deriving an intra prediction mode of a current block, configuring a reference sample of the current block, and performing intra prediction for the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample, wherein the intra prediction is representative sample-based prediction.

Abstract: An encoder which encodes a current block of a picture includes a processor and memory. Using the memory, the processor: determines whether intra prediction is to be used for the current block; and when it is determined that intra prediction is to be used for the current block, generates first transform coefficients by performing first transform of residual signals of the current block using a first transform basis; quantizes the first transform coefficients when an intra prediction mode for the current block is a determined mode and the first transform basis is different from a determined transform basis; and generates second transform coefficients by performing second transform of the first transform coefficients using a second transform basis, and quantizes the second transform coefficients, when the intra prediction mode for the current block is not the determined mode or when the first transform basis matches the determined transform basis.

Abstract: For a picture with two or more color components, the prediction residuals for the first color component of a block to be encoded may be transformed with a first transform. The transform coefficients for the first color component may go through quantization, de-quantization and inverse transform to obtain reconstructed prediction residuals. Based on the reconstructed prediction residuals for the first color component, the phases of the transform basis function of the first transform can be adjusted to improve the sparsity of the transformed signal. The prediction residuals for the remaining color components may then be transformed with the adjusted transform. In order to determine the phase shift factor, the reconstructed prediction residuals for the first color component may be transformed with the first transform, adjusted by different candidate phase shift factors, and the candidate phase shift factor that provides a smallest sparsity measure can be selected for the block.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for video encoding/decoding. In some examples, an apparatus for video decoding includes receiving circuitry and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry decodes a first syntax element at coding locations within a transform block for a current block in a first coding pass that scans the coding locations within the transform block, and decodes a second syntax element at the coding locations within the transform block in a second coding pass that is after the first coding pass and scans the coding locations within the transform block. Then, the processing circuitry determines residuals in the transform block based on at least the decoded first syntax element and the decoded second syntax element at the coding locations in the transform block, and reconstructs samples of the current block based on the residuals in the transform block.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for inter prediction of a sample value of a current full-integer pixel of a plurality of pixels of a current block of a current frame of a video signal.

Abstract: In some embodiments, there is provided a system for remotely processing data streams including: at least one transmitter configured for transmission of at least two data streams, the at least two data streams including at least a lower quality preview stream and a higher quality content stream. A plurality of editor computing devices is configured for receiving at least the lower quality preview stream and facilitating processing and editing on the lower quality preview stream, generating a set of machine-readable instructions representative of the processing and editing. A plurality of routing computing devices located from the at least one transmitter is configured for receiving at least the higher quality content stream and the set of machine-readable instructions, processing the higher quality content stream by encoding the higher quality content stream based on the set of machine-readable instructions to generate an output content stream.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods related to management of syntax flags with respect chroma formats in video processing are described. In one representative aspect, a video decoding method includes determining, based on a chroma format of a video comprising a region, whether one or more syntax flags applicable to the region of the video are absent in a syntax structure of a coded representation of the video. The one or more syntax flags are indicative of usage of a luma-dependent chroma residue scaling coding step for representing the region in the coded representation. The luma-dependent chroma residue scaling coding step comprises a scaling process in which a scaling coefficient is derived based on reconstructed luma samples and the scaling process is applied to a chroma residue. The method also includes generating one or more decoded video blocks of the video region by parsing the coded representation according to the determining.

Abstract: A method of encoding a digital video data applies adaptive pre-processing to data representing high dynamic range (HDR) and/or wide color gamut (WCG) image data prior to encoding and complementary post-processing to the data after decoding in order to allow at least partial reproduction of the HDR and/or WCG data. The example methods apply one or more color space conversions, and a perceptual transfer functions to the data prior to quantization. The example methods apply inverse perceptual transfer functions and inverse color space conversions after decoding to recover the HDR and/or WCG data. The transfer functions are adaptive so that different transfer functions may be applied to video data sets including different groups of frames, frames or processing windows in a single frame. Information on the data set and information on the applied transfer function is passed as metadata from the encoder to the decoder.

Abstract: An image encoding device (1) includes the cross-component intra predictor (171a) generates a predicted chroma block through cross-component intra prediction in which a chroma block to be encoded is predicted by referring to, as the neighbouring decoded pixels adjacent to the chroma block, decoded luminance pixels and decoded chroma pixels, a candidate generator (181) configured to generate candidates for an orthogonal transform type to be applied to orthogonal transform processing on prediction residuals that represent errors between the predicted chroma block and the chroma block; and a transformer (121) configured to perform the orthogonal transform processing on the chroma prediction residuals by using an orthogonal transform type selected from among the candidates generated by the candidate generator (181).

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus, a method and a computer program for video coding. The apparatus comprises a selector configured for selecting a pixel for prediction; a projection definer configured for determining a projection of said pixel to a set of reference pixels; and a prediction definer configured for selecting one or more reference pixels from said set of reference pixels on the basis of said projection, and using said selected one or more reference pixels to obtain a prediction value for said pixel to be predicted.

Abstract: A method and a device for encoding and decoding intra prediction are disclosed. An image decoding method for performing intra prediction comprises the steps of: receiving a bitstream including data on prediction modes of a current block and a block adjacent to the current block; extracting the data from the received bitstream so as to confirm the prediction mode of the adjacent block; determining whether a boundary pixel within the adjacent block can be used as a reference pixel for the current block in consideration of the prediction mode of the adjacent block; obtaining the reference pixel of the current block according to the determined result; generating a prediction block predicted in the frame on the basis of the obtained reference pixel; and decoding the current block by using the generated prediction block.

Abstract: An image decoder splits a block of a picture into a plurality of sub blocks in a first direction using a first partition mode; and decodes the plurality of sub blocks, wherein, when the block is sized N pixels by 2N pixels and the first direction is along the 2N pixels, N being an integer, the first partition mode includes splitting the block into the plurality of sub blocks including at least one sub block sized N/4 pixels by 2N pixels, and excludes splitting the block into two sub blocks sized N/2 pixels by 2N pixels.

Abstract: The method for decoding an image by a decoding device according to the present document may comprise the steps of: acquiring image information comprising partitioning information for a current block; determining, on the basis of the size of the current block, whether to partition the current block; partitioning the current block into subblocks on the basis of the partitioning information, if it is determined that the current block is to be partitioned, and decoding the subblocks; and not partitioning the current block, if it is determined that the current block is not to be partitioned, and decoding the current block, wherein, if the current block is a chroma block, and the size of the current block is at most the minimum size of a chroma block, then it is determined that the current block is not to be partitioned.

Abstract: When a block is intra predicted, the predicted samples on the boundary are subject to boundary filtering for certain modes. Various embodiments are proposed to perform boundary filtering for intra prediction in the DC or PLANAR mode, using a gradient based approach. The gradient for a particular reference sample is calculated based on a difference between the particular reference sample and a predictor for predicting the particular reference sample. For the PLANAR mode, the difference between a top (left) reference sample and a linear interpolation using the top (left) reference samples is used as the gradient, a fractional part of which is propagated to the initial predicted samples with a decay function. For the DC mode, the difference between a top (left) reference sample and an average of reference samples is used as the gradient. The average can be computed with the top reference samples and/or left reference samples.

Abstract: An encoder system may include an analyzer that analyzes a current image area in an input video to select a transform. A selectable residue transformer, controlled by the analyzer, may perform the selectable transform on a residue image generated from the current image area and a predicted current image area, to generate a transformed residue image. An encoder may encode the transformed residue image to generate output data. The analyzer controls the encoder to encode information to identify the selectable transform and to indicate that the selectable transform for the current image area is different from a transform of a previous image area of the input video. A decoder system may include components appropriate for decoding the output data from the encoder system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to image processing apparatus and method that can suppress an increase in a load of encoding and decoding. One or both a predetermined upper limit and a predetermined lower limit are used to clip transformation coefficients obtained by applying a transformation process to a predicted residual that is a difference between an image and a predicted image of the image. In addition, one or both a predetermined upper limit and a predetermined lower limit are used to clip transformation coefficients that are subjected to an inverse transformation process to obtain a predicted residual that is a difference between an image and a predicted image of the image. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, an image processing apparatus, an image encoding apparatus, an image decoding apparatus, and the like.

Abstract: A device for decoding video data determine that a current block of video data is encoded in an affine linear weighted intra prediction (ALWIP) mode; derives, based on a set of left edge neighboring samples of the current block and a set of top edge neighboring samples of the current block, a subset of left edge samples and a subset of top edge samples; applies an affine model to the subset of left edge samples and the subset of top edge samples to generate an intermediate block of intermediate samples; filters the intermediate samples to generate a final prediction block; decodes the current block of video data based on the final prediction block.

Abstract: In accordance with a first aspect, an improved compression efficiency is achieved by letting a block-wise picture codec support a set of intra-prediction modes according to which the intra-prediction signal for a current block of a picture is determined by applying a set of neighboring samples of the current block onto a neural network. A second aspect of the present application is that, additionally or alternatively to the spending of neural network-based intra-prediction modes, the mode selection may be rendered more effective by the usage of a neural network dedicated to determine a rank or a probability value for each of the set of intra-prediction modes by applying a set of neighboring samples thereonto with the rank or probability value being used for the selection of one intra-prediction mode out of the plurality of intra-prediction modes including or coinciding with the set of intra-prediction modes.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of encoding/decoding intra prediction mode using a plurality of candidate intra prediction modes are disclosed. The method includes deriving three candidate intra prediction modes about a current block and deriving an intra prediction mode of the current block.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for digital video coding, which includes matrix-based intra prediction methods for video coding, are described. In a representative aspect, a method for video processing includes performing a first determination that a luma video block of a video is coded using a matrix based intra prediction (MIP) mode in which a prediction block of the luma video block is determined by performing, on previously coded samples of the video, a boundary downsampling operation, followed by a matrix vector multiplication operation, and selectively followed by an upsampling operation, performing, based on the first determination, a second determination about a chroma intra mode to be used for a chroma video block associated with the luma video block, and performing, based on the second determination, a conversion between the chroma video block and a bitstream representation of the chroma video block.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide method and apparatus for video coding. In some examples, an apparatus includes receiving circuitry and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry decodes prediction information of a block from a coded video bitstream. The prediction information is indicative of a reference line selected from a plurality of potential reference lines and an intra prediction mode selected from a set of potential intra prediction modes that is associated with the reference line. Then the processing circuitry reconstructs at least one sample of the block according to the intra prediction mode and at least one reference sample in the reference line.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a decoding method and apparatus and an encoding method and apparatus for deriving an intra-prediction mode. An intra-prediction mode may be derived using a method for deriving an intra-prediction mode based on a neighbor block of the target block, a method for deriving an intra-prediction mode using signaling of the intra-prediction mode of the target block, or a method for deriving an adaptive intra-prediction mode based on the type of a target slice. An MPM list may be used to derive the intra-prediction mode, and a temporal neighbor block or the like may be used to configure the MPM list.

Abstract: A method for derivation of a temporal motion data (TMD) candidate for a prediction unit (PU) in video encoding or video decoding is provided. The derived TMD candidate is for inclusion in an inter-prediction candidate list for the PU. The method includes determining a primary TMD position relative to a co-located PU in a co-located largest coding unit (LCU), wherein the co-located PU is a block in a reference picture having a same size, shape, and coordinates as the PU, and selecting at least some motion data of a secondary TMD position as the TMD candidate when the primary TMD position is in a bottom neighboring LCU or in a bottom right neighboring LCU of the co-located LCU, wherein the secondary TMD position is determined relative to the co-located PU.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described for processing video. A method may comprise receiving video content comprising a plurality of frames and determining a splitting parameter of a partitioning of at least a portion of a first frame of the plurality of frames. Deblock filtering may be implemented on at least the first frame of the plurality of frames based at least on the splitting parameter.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: writing, into a sequence parameter set, buffer description defining information for defining a plurality of buffer descriptions; selecting one of the buffer descriptions for each processing unit that is a picture or a slice, and writing buffer description selecting information for specifying the selected buffer description, into a first header of the processing unit which is included in the coded bitstream; and coding the processing unit using the selected buffer description, and the buffer description defining information includes long-term information for identifying, among a plurality of reference pictures indicated in the buffer descriptions, a reference picture to be assigned as a long-term reference picture.

Abstract: In a conventional art, an output layer set having no output layer is sometimes defined. Consequently, even if the decoder decodes a bit stream to obtain each layer in the output layer set without the output layer, there is no picture to be outputted. There is a possibility that such coded data causes the decoder expecting an output to operate unexpectedly. Output layer sets having the same configuration may be defined. Consequently, the amount of code pertaining to the output layer sets defined in an overlapping manner is redundant. According to an aspect of the present invention, specification of a bit stream conformance pertaining to the output layer set prevents occurrence of an output layer set without an output layer and a redundant output layer set.

Abstract: The multi sample prediction method of the present invention comprises the steps of: determining a sample group consisting of a plurality of samples inside a decoding target block; determining a representative position corresponding to the sample group, inside the decoding target block; determining a representative prediction value for the sample group, on the basis of the determined representative position; and determining the determined representative prediction value as the final prediction value for each of the plurality of samples making up the sample group. The present invention enhances efficiency in encoding/decoding and reduces complexity thereof.

Abstract: A method for decoding a video according to the present invention may comprise: deriving a reference sample for a current block, determining an intra prediction mode of the current block, and obtaining a prediction sample for the current block by using the reference sample and the intra prediction mode.

Abstract: A method of visual media processing includes determining a size of a buffer to store reference samples for prediction in an intra block copy mode; and performing a conversion between a current video block of visual media data and a bitstream representation of the current video block, using the reference samples stored in the buffer, wherein the conversion is performed in the intra block copy mode which is based on motion information related to a reconstructed block located in same video region with the current video block without referring to a reference picture.

Abstract: Provided are a video decoding method and apparatus and a video encoding method and apparatus which determine whether to use a Most Probable Mode (MPM) list, based on encoding information of a current block, obtain, from a bitstream, intra prediction mode index information indicating one of candidate intra prediction modes included in the MPM list, and determine an intra prediction mode of the current block by using the obtained intra prediction mode index information.

Abstract: Processing circuitry decodes prediction information of a block from a coded video bitstream. The block is a non-square block and the prediction information of the block is indicative of a wide angle intra prediction mode in a specific number of wide angle intra prediction modes with angles that are outside a range of directional modes from a bottom-left diagonal mode to a top-right diagonal mode for a square block. The wide angle intra prediction modes are in a first set of intra prediction modes associated with the block. The directional modes are in a second set of intra prediction modes associated with the square block. The specific number of the wide angle intra prediction modes is a function of an aspect ratio of the block. Further, the processing circuitry reconstructs at least one sample of the block according to the wide angle intra prediction mode.