Abstract: A sub-pel-unit image interpolation method using a transformation-based interpolation filter includes, selecting, based on a sub-pel-unit interpolation location in a region supported by a plurality of interpolation filters for generating at least one sub-pel-unit pixel value located between integer-pel-unit pixels, one of a symmetric interpolation filter and an asymmetric interpolation filter from among the plurality of interpolation filters; and using the selected interpolation filter to generate the at least one sub-pel-unit pixel value by interpolating the integer-pel-unit pixels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and method that can generate a high-accuracy prediction image with a small amount of control information. A motion compensation circuit 51 specifies a macroblock corresponding to a prediction image in a reference frame other than a current frame using a motion vector supplied from a prediction mode determination circuit 41. The motion compensation circuit 51 reads an image of the specified macroblock from a frame memory 19, and extracts the read image as a motion compensation image. An intra-prediction circuit 52 performs intra-prediction on the current frame using an arbitrary method to generate an intra-prediction image IP. The present invention can be applied to, for example, an encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus.

Abstract: A sub-pel-unit image interpolation method using a transformation-based interpolation filter includes, selecting, based on a sub-pel-unit interpolation location in a region supported by a plurality of interpolation filters for generating at least one sub-pel-unit pixel value located between integer-pel-unit pixels, one of a symmetric interpolation filter and an asymmetric interpolation filter from among the plurality of interpolation filters; and using the selected interpolation filter to generate the at least one sub-pel-unit pixel value by interpolating the integer-pel-unit pixels.

Abstract: Systems and methods for error resilient transmission and for random access in video communication systems are provided. The video communication systems are based on single-layer, scalable video, or simulcast video coding with temporal scalability, which may be used in video communication systems. A set of video frames or pictures in a video signal transmission is designated for reliable or guaranteed delivery to receivers using secure or high reliability links, or by retransmission techniques. The reliably-delivered video frames are used as reference pictures for resynchronization of receivers with the transmitted video signal after error incidence and for random access.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for deriving motion data for a macroblock divided in elementary blocks of a high resolution picture, called high layer macroblock, from motion data of macroblocks of a low resolution picture, called base layer macroblock.

Abstract: A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support error resilient coding of H.264 compatible video streams for low latency/delay multimedia communication applications by utilizing and integrating a plurality of error resilient H.264 encoding/decoding schemes in an efficient manner. These error resilient H.264 encoding/decoding schemes can be used to offer a better quality video even when there is network loss of picture frames in the video stream. It has the ability to recover from such loss and recover faster than other techniques without requiring additional data/frames to be sent over the network to achieve the same level of recovery.

Abstract: A method for compressing an image includes decomposing the image into one or more regions. A region of the image is selected to be evaluated. The selected region is transformed and quantized if the region does not meet a predetermined compression acceptability criteria. The predetermined compression acceptability criteria may include a specific bit rate, a specific image quality, or combinations thereof. If the region does not meet the predetermined compression acceptability criteria after the region has been transformed and quantized, then the transformation and quantization settings are adjusted and the region is transformed and quantized using the adjusted settings. The region is then encoded when the predetermined compression acceptability criteria has been reached. The encoding may include additional compression stages.

Abstract: Systems and methods for encoding alternative streams for use in adaptive bitrate streaming based upon the delay of each stream in accordance with embodiments of the invention are described. One embodiment of the invention includes memory, and a processor configured by a source encoding application to: receive multimedia content, where the multimedia content includes source video data having a primary resolution and a primary sample aspect ratio; and encode the source video data as a set of alternative video streams, where: the alternative video streams have different maximum bitrates; and the alternative video streams are encoded to have an upper bound seek delay that is equal to or less than the upper bound seek delay of streams in the set of alternative video streams that are encoded at a higher maximum bitrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adaptive bitrate streaming in which playback devices select streams based upon stream delay and channel rate in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. One embodiment is configured to select a first video stream from a set of alternative streams, where at least a plurality of the alternative streams are encoded to have an upper bound seek delay that is equal to or less than the upper bound seek delay of streams in the set of alternative streams that are encoded at a higher maximum bitrate, request chunks of the first video stream and store the requested chunks in the buffer, playback the buffered chunks, measure the channel data rate, and select a second video stream from the set of alternative streams, where the second video stream has a maximum bitrate that is less than the measured channel data rate.

Abstract: An image display device includes: an interpolation phase generator that generates an interpolation phase on the basis of downsampling frame information representing a downsampling timing at which at least one frame image of the image signal is thinned, and an interpolation frame generator that generates an interpolation frame image corresponding to the interpolation phase. The interpolation phase generator generates the interpolation phase such that a phase distance between a first interpolation frame image from among a plurality of interpolation frame images within one period of downsampling periods, and a second interpolation frame image that follows the first interpolation frame image becomes equal to a phase distance between mutually adjacent interpolation frame images obtained when phase distances between a plurality of interpolation frame images are equalized within one period of the downsampling periods.

Abstract: A motion vector extraction method includes: deciding on a search start position in an original video and performing a spiral motion search; and determining whether or not to perform a search in a sub-sampling video, during P picture search.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using motion vector confidence to determine a FME patch priority list for a scalable coder are disclosed, and may include a fine motion estimator receiving a plurality of coarse motion vectors and corresponding confidences. A patch list may be generated based on the corresponding confidences of the coarse motion vectors. The patch list may then be used to determine a search area. Each video block in a present picture may be matched to the video blocks in the search area to find the best match. A fine motion vector may be determined for each video block in the present picture with respect to a video block in the search area.

Abstract: A signal transmission apparatus includes: a two-pixel sampling-out control section that maps pixel samples to video data regions; a line sampling-out control section that samples out the pixel samples every other line from each line of the sub-images to which the pixel samples have been mapped, so as to generate an interlace signal; a word sampling-out control section that samples out for each word the pixel samples which have been sampled out for each line so as to be mapped to video data regions of an HD-SDI prescribed by the SMPTE 435-1; and a readout control section that outputs the HD-SDI.

Abstract: Dual-mode compression of images/videos for reliable real-time transmission includes a scalable block-based video compression. The method provides graceful quality degradations in case of channel bandwidth changes. Prediction for encoding is avoided, and the process is less complex with less memory requirements. The method involves processing each block independently with the advantage that errors are not able to propagate beyond current block boundaries. Two different encoding modes are used, natural image coding for acquired images and graphics coding for computer generated images. The proper encoding mode is chosen by comparing performance of the two modes for a particular block to be encoded. An embedded bitstream is generated by the encoder in accordance to the available channel bandwidth.

Abstract: Techniques and tools are described for scalable video encoding and decoding. In some embodiments, an encoding tool encodes base layer video and outputs encoded base layer video in a base layer bit stream. The encoding tool encodes inter-layer residual video (representing differences between input video and reconstructed base layer video) using motion compensation relative to previously reconstructed inter-layer residual video. For the inter-layer residual video, the encoding tool outputs motion information and motion-compensated prediction residuals in an enhancement layer bit stream. A decoding tool receives the base layer bit stream and enhancement layer bit stream, reconstructs base layer video, reconstructs inter-layer residual video, and combines the reconstructed base layer video and reconstructed inter-layer residual video.

Abstract: Techniques and tools are described for scalable video encoding and decoding. In some embodiments, an input frame is downsampled in terms of sample depth and chroma sampling rate, encoded, and output from the encoder as a base layer bitstream. The base layer bitstream is also reconstructed and upsampled to produce a reconstructed bitstream which is subtracted from the original input frame to produce a residual layer. The residual layer is split and encoded as a sample depth residual layer bitstream and a chroma high-pass residual layer bitstream. To recover the encoded input frame, a decoder receives one or more of these bitstreams, decodes them, and combines them to form a reconstructed image. The use of separate codecs is allowed for the base layer and the enhancement layers, without inter-layer dependencies.

Abstract: A method for encoding a video stream includes partitioning the video stream into a main layer having a plurality of main layer frames, and an interpolated layer having a plurality of interpolated layer frames; interpolating a frame rate up conversion (FRUC) frame; and encoding the plurality of main layer frames in the interpolated layer with the assistance of the main FRUC frame. A video encoder implementing the method is also described.

Abstract: A remote resource access interface apparatus is provided. A key input unit has keys for generating input key values. A communication unit transmits a connection establishment request message including screen resolution information to, and receives a connection establishment response message including supportable key information from, a portable device. The communication unit transmits input key information to and receives video information from the portable device after establishing the connection. A pixel information processing unit converts the video information to pixel signals for a video output unit to display as a visual image. A key advisor unit extracts supportable key information from the response message and outputs the supportable key information to the video output unit. The video information is video data adjusted in resolution based on the screen resolution information, and the input key value is mapped to one of key values indicated by the key information of the portable device.

Abstract: Digital video communication system and method facilitate conservation of communication bandwidth are presented. A present invention method forwards sampled chrominance data to other components in the system. Pixel chrominance values are sampled in accordance with the sampling scheme. The sampled chrominance values (e.g., 422, 420, 411, etc.) are forwarded to another component. For example, a graphics processing unit performs sampling operations and forwards the chrominance sampled information to another component (e.g., a board, a display, etc.). The graphics processing unit can also perform color space conversion before forwarding the chrominance sampled information to the other component. The other component performs up-sampling. For example, a display can perform the up-sampling to generate synthesized full RGB values. The sampled chrominance data can be further compressed (e.g., MPEG, WMV, etc.) before forwarding the sampled chrominance data and before performing the up-sampling.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a receiver. The receiver includes a video decoder and a frame throttle configured to receive a video sequence comprising a plurality of video frames. The frame throttle is further configured to drop one or more of the video frames from the video sequence before providing the video sequence to the video decoder.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: a local motion vector detection section; a global motion calculation section; a global motion vector calculation section; and an evaluation section.

Abstract: An image signal processing apparatus, which is capable of receiving, as inputs, images transmitted in first and second formats, includes a determination circuit that determines the first and second formats on the basis of correlation among a plurality of pieces of pixel data input in parallel with one another from the first to n-th channels, and a mapping circuit that sorts the plurality of pieces of pixel data in accordance with the determination result obtained by the determination circuit. According to the aforementioned configuration, an image signal processing apparatus that can handle two formats that divide the original image into n images and transmit the n images on n channels can be realized.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image encoding/decoding technique that is capable of achieving the higher compression efficiency. An image encoding method comprises: an intra prediction step which performs intra prediction on a block basis to generate a predicted image; a subtraction step which calculates the difference in prediction between the predicted image generated by the intra prediction step and an original image; a frequency conversion step which performs frequency conversion processing for the difference in prediction; a quantization step which subjects the output of the frequency conversion step to quantization processing; and a variable-length encoding step which subjects the output of the quantization step to variable-length encoding processing; wherein the intra prediction encoding step predicts a target pixel to be encoded by use of pixel values of two reference pixels between which the target pixel to be encoded is located.

Abstract: A method and device for encoding, decoding, storage and transmission of a scalable data stream to include layers having different coding properties including: producing one or more layers of the scalable data stream, wherein the coding properties include at least one of the following: Fine granularity scalability information; Region-of-interest scalability information; Sub-sample scalable layer information; Decoding dependency information; and Initial parameter sets, and signaling the layers with the characterized coding property such that they are readable by a decoder without the need to decode the entire layers. A corresponding method of encoding, decoding, storage, and transmission of a scalable bit stream is also disclosed, wherein at least two scalability layers are present and each layer has a set of at least one property, such as those above identified.

Abstract: A video encoder and corresponding method are described for enabling fast channel change of compressed video, where a video encoder for receiving input pictures and providing compressed stream data includes a normal encoding portion for receiving input pictures and providing normal stream data, a lower-quality encoding portion for receiving input pictures and providing channel change stream data, and a multiplexor in signal communication with each of the normal and lower-quality portions for receiving and combining the normal and channel change data streams.

Abstract: It is a purpose of the present invention to provide a video encoding apparatus and a video decoding apparatus which are capable of providing real-time processing having improved coding performance. A video encoding apparatus AA includes an inter-encoding predicted value generating unit 2 configured to receive, as input signals, an input image a, a local decoded value d acquired from an encoded block, prediction direction information e acquired from the encoded block, and interpolation filter initial control information b. The inter-encoding predicted value generating unit 2 includes a filter control unit 21. The filter control unit 21 extracts the tap size N of the interpolation filter and the initial value c0(i,j) of the filter coefficient of the interpolation filter from the interpolation filter initial control information b, and uses the initial value c0(i,j) of the filter coefficient of the interpolation filter as the filter coefficient c(i,j) of the interpolation filter.

Abstract: A method and device for encoding, decoding, storage and transmission of a scalable data stream to include layers having different coding properties including: producing one or more layers of the scalable data stream, wherein the coding properties include at least one of the following: Fine granularity scalability information; Region-of-interest scalability information; Sub-sample scalable layer information; Decoding dependency information; and Initial parameter sets, and signaling the layers with the characterized coding property such that they are readable by a decoder without the need to decode the entire layers. A corresponding method of encoding, decoding, storage, and transmission of a scalable bit stream is also disclosed, wherein at least two scalability layers are present and each layer has a set of at least one property, such as those above identified.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting unused channels in a cognitive radio system are described. In one method, data is communicated on a particular channel for a secondary receiver. In addition, a set of channels is iteratively scanned by collecting samples for each channel and for each iteration of the scanning. Here, iterations of the scanning progressively removes channels from the set of channels based on the collected samples and updates states of the channels in the set based on the collected samples to obtain a set of candidate channels. In response to detecting a pre-determined condition, communications on the particular channel are precluded and at least one of the candidate channels is evaluated by collecting additional samples on each of the channels. Further, at least one of the candidate channels is selected based on the evaluation for utilization by the one or more secondary receivers for data communication.

Abstract: A relative quality score is provided that takes into account properties of an encoded version of a source video. For example, one such quality score calculates a difference of higher and lower quality transcoded versions of the source video, and computes quality metrics for each to evaluate how similar the transcoded versions are to the source video. A relative quality score quantifying the quality improvement of the high-quality version over the low-quality version is computed. The relative quality score is adjusted based on a measurement of the quality of the source video. If the relative quality score for the video indicates a sufficient quality improvement of the high-quality version over the low-quality version, various actions are taken, such as retaining the high-quality version, and making the high-quality version available to users, e.g. via a video viewing user interface.

Abstract: Techniques and tools are described for scalable video encoding and decoding. In some embodiments, an encoding tool encodes base layer video and outputs encoded base layer video in a base layer bit stream. The encoding tool encodes inter-layer residual video (representing differences between input video and reconstructed base layer video) using motion compensation relative to previously reconstructed inter-layer residual video. For the inter-layer residual video, the encoding tool outputs motion information and motion-compensated prediction residuals in an enhancement layer bit stream. A decoding tool receives the base layer bit stream and enhancement layer bit stream, reconstructs base layer video, reconstructs inter-layer residual video, and combines the reconstructed base layer video and reconstructed inter-layer residual video.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for filtering video data. The method includes determining whether a difference value of illumination change (DVIC) of a current image processing unit containing a current block is different from a DVIC of an image processing unit that is adjacent to the current image processing unit and based on the determining, adjusting a filtering strength of a deblocking filter and performing deblocking filtering on a boundary of the current block using the filter with the adjusted filtering strength.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating robust data transport. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a first mechanism for selecting plural lattices of an input video signal, processing plural decimated video signals, and time shifting corresponding portions of plural video streams in accordance with a second relative temporal order. A second mechanism changes an initial relative temporal order to the second relative temporal order.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating reception of multiple representations of a video signal. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a mechanism for receiving plural representations of the video signal corresponding to plural decimated versions of the video signal, associating pictures of the received plural representations of the video signal, and outputting pictures corresponding to information from associated pictures in accordance with a relative temporal order.

Abstract: A video transmission method is provided, which includes receiving state information from at least one mobile terminal that intends to perform a video stream service through a wireless network, determining a size of an image by selecting a specified spatial layer bit stream on the basis of the state information of the mobile terminal from a plurality of spatial layer bit streams generated at different bit rates during encoding of the bit stream, selecting a specified time and an SNR layer bit stream by increasing or decreasing time of the image and a layer position of the SNR layer bit stream on the basis of network parameters included in the state information of the mobile terminal, and transmitting the bit stream generated by extracting the specified layer bit stream of the selected layer to the mobile terminal.

Abstract: Various approaches for motion search refinement in a processing element are discussed. A k/2+L+k/2 register stores an expanded row of an L×L macro block. A k-tap filter horizontally interpolates over the expanded row generating horizontal interpolation results. A transpose storage unit stores the interpolated results generated by the k-tap filter for k/2+L+k/2 entries, wherein rows or columns of data may be read out of the transpose storage unit in pipelined register stages. A k-tap filter vertically interpolates over the pipelined register stages generating vertical interpolation results.

Abstract: A video transcoding system includes a video decoder, a video encoder, and a video interface. The video decoder is configured to decode a received video signal. The video encoder is configured to encode video data decoded from the received video signal by the video decoder. The video interface couples an output of the video decoder to an input of the video encoder and is configured to transfer video data having a first chroma subsampling ratio. The video decoder is further configured to provide video data having a second chroma subsampling ratio that includes fewer chrominance samples than the first chroma sampling ratio to the video interface, and to provide non-video information generated from decoding the received video signal to the video interface using video interface bandwidth usable based on a difference between the first chroma subsampling ratio and the second chroma subsampling ratio.

Abstract: Provided is a video coding method and a video decoding method increasing the resolution and quality of images while suppressing an amount of data required for increasing the resolution.

Abstract: A method of transmitting video data from a transmitter to a receiver, the method comprising: receiving data values of a video signal at a higher resolution; at the transmitter, combining groups of the data values into one or more first units of a first lower-resolution arrangement; encoding and transmitting the first lower-resolution arrangement to the receiver; at the transmitter, combining groups of the data values into one or more second units of a second lower-resolution arrangement, wherein the second units are offset from the first units by a fractional shift such that each second unit partially overlaps with at least one first unit; encoding and transmitting the second lower-resolution arrangement to the receiver; and transmitting an indication of said shift to the receiver; and at the receiver, combining the first and second lower-resolution arrangements based on the indication so as to reconstruct an image of at least a higher resolution than that of the first and second lower-resolution arrangements

Abstract: An apparatus performs efficient coding techniques to more efficiently resolve geometric relationships between video data units and thereby determine neighboring video data units for a current video data unit. The apparatus comprises a geometric resolution unit that obtains video data defining a plurality of video data units, and determines, for the current one of the plurality of video data units to be processed, a partition width and a video unit number of the current video data unit. The geometric resolution unit accesses, using the determined partition width and video unit number, a plurality of look-up tables (LUTs) to output one or more indices identifying one or more of the plurality of video data units that neighbor the current video data unit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a receiving system and a method of processing data to receiving and processing mobile service data. The receiving system may include a signal receiving unit, a demodulating unit, a data processor, and a middleware engine. The signal receiving unit receives a broadcasting signal, which includes IP packets, payload of the IP packets including a DSM-CC module data part and a DSM-CC header, the DSM-CC module data part including a plurality of DSM-CC objects, and the DSM-CC header including identification information for identifying the DSM-CC module. The demodulating unit demodulates the received broadcasting signal including IP packets. The data processor extracts a plurality of DSM-CC objects of a corresponding payload with reference to DSM-CC header information of the IP packets demodulated by the demodulating unit and configuring a DSM-CC module, which includes identification information and the extracted DSM-CC objects.

Abstract: Techniques are provided herein to shift at an encoding device a portion of a video sequence by a first predetermined number of pixels horizontally and by a first predetermined number of pixels vertically to produce a shifted first portion of the video sequence. The shifted first portion of the video sequence is encoded to produce a first video description. The portion of the video sequence is shifted by a second predetermined number of pixels horizontally and by a second predetermined number of pixels vertically to produce a shifted second portion of the video sequence. The shifted second portion of the video sequence is encoded to produce a second video description, and the first video description and the second video description are transmitted. The techniques are scalable to shift and encode the portion of the video sequence a plurality of times to produce any number of video descriptions. Similarly, techniques are provided herein to perform such functions in reverse at a decoder.

Abstract: A single compression engine transmits first and second discrete cosine transform (DCT)-encoded signals. The first DCT-encoded signal uses at most t coefficient bits to represent each of a plurality of DCT coefficients. The second DCT-encoded signal uses at most u coefficient bits, where u is less than t, to represent each of the plurality of DCT coefficients.

Abstract: Systems and methods of determining motion vectors, such as for video encoding, are disclosed. In one example, motion vectors are determined for a current frame, using sampled pixel information from a reference frame. Sampled pixel information is obtained using a sampling pattern. The sampling pattern, in one example, includes subsampling pixels at different rates for horizontal and vertical directions. The subsampling rate can differ, based on an amount of motion represented by a matching block (e.g., the farther a match is found away from an origin of the block, the more subsampling can be done). In another example, a full pixel resolution is maintained proximal an original location of the block; as distance increases in one or more directions, subsampling can begin and/or increase. Sampled pixels can be stored. Interpolation of the sampled pixels can be performed and the sampled and resulting interpolated pixels can be used for comparison.

Abstract: There is provided a method, apparatus and computer program product for scalable video encoding and decoding. In some embodiments, an improved method of encoding/decoding of enhancement layer pictures is introduced to enable encoding an area within an enhancement layer picture with increased quality and/or spatial resolution and with high coding efficiency. Enhancement layer sub-pictures have a size smaller than the corresponding enhancement layer pictures. They are coded with respect to the previously coded base-layer pictures or enhancement layer pictures. The enhancement information could be in the form of: increasing the fidelity of the chroma; increasing the bit-depth; increasing the quality of a region; or increasing the spatial resolution of a region.

Abstract: A natural input image is upscaled, first by interpolation. Second, edges in the interpolated image are sharpened by a lion-parametric patch transform. The result is decomposed into an edge layer and a detail layer. Only pixels in the detail layer enhanced, and the enhanced detail layer is merged with the edge layer to produce a high resolution version of the input image.

Abstract: A technique for suppressing a significant variation of a quantization step value and enabling a stable rate control to be performed. A function is used for calculating a quantization step conversion factor from a bit rate ratio is a straight line with an inclination of ?1, intersecting a function at a reference point. The function is a monotone decreasing exponential function. A reference bit rate ratio (R0) is expressed as R0=T/S by using a total bit rate (S) of a first stream and a total target bit rate (T) of a second stream. The function appropriately represents a relation between the bit rate ratio and the quantization step conversion factor in coding conversion but has a large rate of variation in an area where the bit rate ratio is about 0.5. The function has a small rate of variation and can suppress a significant variation of the quantization step conversion value.

Abstract: A frame image of decoded image data in which an image stream generated by performing an orthogonal transformation and a lossy compression coding has been decoded is inputted so as to be stored in a frame memory for each block, and based on the stored frame image and a newly input frame image, a motion vector for each block is detected, and a motion vector variance map generator calculates a variance value map by calculating a variance value of the motion vectors. Based on the variance value map and a threshold, an outline domain included in the frame image is extracted, and a band limiting filter performs band limitation for each block in regard to the outline domain so as to accomplish removal of noise from the decoded image.

Abstract: A sensing and recovery system includes a sensing unit and a recovery unit coupled together. The sensing unit includes a sensor to generate a bandlimited continuous time analog signal, and a modulator coupled to the sensor to generate a modulated analog signal based upon modulation of the bandlimited continuous time analog signal at a modulating rate at least equal to a Nyquist rate for the bandlimited continuous time analog signal. A compressive sensing circuit is coupled to the modulator to generate a compressed sensed signal based upon conversion of the modulated analog signal at a sampling rate less than the Nyquist rate. The recovery unit recovers the bandlimited continuous time analog signal from the compressed sensed signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of improving the compression efficiency of a motion vector is provided. The method includes obtaining a motion vector in a base layer frame having a first frame rate from an input frame, obtaining a motion vector in a first enhancement layer frame having a second frame rate from the input frame, the second frame rate being greater than the first frame rate, generating a predicted motion vector by referring to a motion vector for at least one frame among base layer frames present immediately before and after the same temporal position as the first enhancement layer frame if there is no base layer frame at the same temporal position as the first enhancement layer frame, and coding a difference between the motion vector in the first enhancement layer frame and the generated predicted motion vector, and the obtained motion vector in the base layer.

Abstract: Low complexity method directly decode low-resolution frames from compressed high-resolution videos that were encoded using predictive coding techniques like the H.264 video coding standard. The smaller the decoding resolution, the higher will be the computation and power savings of using the method. Low-frequency coefficients of 2D transformed predictions are added to the low-frequency coefficients of the transformed residual error. Low-frequency coefficients of the reconstructed data are then inverse transformed taking a smaller size transform. Further savings are obtained by reconstructing only those reference pixels that will be needed for accurate decoding of further Intra blocks.