Abstract: A communication system and method for a deep space spacecraft receiver to perform post-processing to dynamically combine received signal power coherently for pre-processed signal streams radiated non-coherently from a distributed, multiple element, Ka-band transmitting array via multiple concurrent propagation paths. Mutually orthogonal data and pilot signals travel though the multiple propagation paths. A pre-processor utilizing wavefront multiplexing restructures signal streams on the ground into multi-channel wavefrom structures along with injections of pilot signals for diagnostic and probing purposes. These restructured, or “wavefront multiplexed” (WFM) signals are transmitted through propagation channels to a receiver on the spacecraft, wherein adaptive equalization and wavefront de-multiplexing coherently separates the mixtures of received WFM signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmit diversity method for FQAM and an apparatus therefor. According to the present invention, a transmit diversity method for FQAM and apparatus therefor are provided, the transmit diversity method comprising the steps of: modulating data into at least one FQAM symbol; interleaving a plurality of tones constituting the at least one FQAM symbol such that tones having the same index are located in adjacent resources; and transmitting the at least one interleaved FQAM symbol through at least one transceving unit.

Abstract: Consistent with an aspect of the present disclosure, optical signals are transmitted that are modulated in accordance with an 8QAM modulation format. The optical signals carry symbols of data and may be represented by a constellation in the IQ plane that includes four inner points that are symmetrically arranged about the origin, and four outer points that are uniformly distributed about the origin, but rotated relative to the inner points. The rotation is toward inner points that represent symbols for which an erroneous transition between the outer points and such inner points is more likely to result in a single bit error, instead of two bit errors, because the symbol corresponding to the outer point and the symbol corresponding to such inner point differ by just one bit. Accordingly, a binary forward error correction algorithm may be employed to correct the errored bit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of transmitting broadcast signals. The method includes, processing input streams into plural PLPs; encoding data of the each PLPs according to code rates, wherein the encoding data of the each PLPs further includes, encoding data of at least one PLP with LDPC codes, bit interleaving the LDPC encoded data of the PLP, mapping the bit interleaved data onto a set of constellations according to the code rate, MIMO encoding the mapped data, and time interleaving the MIMO encoded data; building at least one signal frame by mapping the encoded data of the each PLPs; and modulating data in the built signal frame by OFDM method and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the bit interelaved data of each PLPs are mapped by using either QAM, NUQ, or NUC.

Abstract: A method for transmitting control information via a PUCCH in a wireless communication system and an apparatus for performing the method are provided, the method including joint-coding a plurality of pieces of control information to obtain a single code word; obtaining a first modulated symbol sequence from the single code word; obtaining a plurality of second modulated symbol sequences corresponding to each slot in the PUCCH from the first modulated symbol sequence; cyclically shifting the plurality of second modulated symbol sequences in a time domain to obtain a plurality of third modulated symbol sequences; performing a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) precoding process on the plurality of third modulated symbol sequences to obtain a plurality of complex symbol sequences in a frequency domain; and transmitting the plurality of complex symbol sequences via the PUCCH.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting data in a received multiple-input-multiple-output signal are provided. N signals are received from N antennas, with M being greater than or equal to three. The N signals form a vector y and are associated with M sets of data values, where the M sets of data values form a vector x. A channel matrix (H) is estimated, and a QR decomposition of the channel matrix is performed, such that H=QR. The vector y is transformed into a vector z according to z=QHy. The R matrix and the rotated signal vector z are transformed such that one or more elements of the R matrix having complex number values are set equal to zero. Distance values are calculated using the transformed vector z and the vector x. Log likelihood ratio (LLR) values are calculated based on the distance values.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of transmitting broadcast signals, the method including encoding service data, building at least one signal frame by mapping the encoded service data, modulating data in the built at least one signal frame by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM, scheme and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods disclosed herein perform gain, clipping, and phase compensation in the presence of I/Q mismatch in quadrature RF receivers. Gain and phase mismatch are exacerbated by differences in clipping between I & Q signals in low resolution ADCs. Signals in the stronger channel arm are clipped differentially more than weaker signals in the other channel arm. Embodiments herein perform clipping operations during iterations of gain mismatch calculations in order to balance clipping between the I and Q channel arms. Gain compensation coefficients are iteratively converged, clipping levels are established, and data flowing through the network is gain and clipping compensated. A compensation phase angle and phase compensation coefficients are then determined from gain and clipping compensated sample data. The resulting phase compensation coefficients are applied to the gain and clipping corrected receiver data to yield a gain, clipping, and phase compensated data stream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ML (Maximum Likelihood) detector. An embodiment of the ML detector comprises a search value selecting circuit and an ML detecting circuit. The search value selecting circuit is configured to select a first-layer search value. The ML detecting circuit is configured to carry out the following steps: selecting first-layer candidate values according to the first-layer search value, one of a reception signal and a derivative thereof, and one of a channel estimation signal and a derivative thereof, and adding one or more first-layer candidate value(s), if necessary; calculating second-layer candidate values according to all the above-mentioned first-layer candidate values, and adding one or more second-layer candidate value(s) and its/their corresponding first-layer candidate value(s), if necessary; and calculating log likelihood ratios according to the whole first-layer and second-layer candidate values.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium for receiving, by a first device, a first signal from a second device, the first signal including a carrier signal modulated with a first modulation signal. Detecting a frequency of the carrier signal by performing a carrier extraction (CAREX) process on the first signal. Adding a second modulation signal to the carrier signal of the first signal to produce a combined signal, wherein the second modulation signal is a transpositional modulation (TM) signal and the first modulation signal is a non-TM signal. Transmitting the combined signal.

Abstract: A Viterbi decoding apparatus includes a main decoder, a re-encoder, an adjusting module, a secondary decoder and a secondary result generating module. The main decoder performs a Viterbi decoding process on input data to generate a set of main decoded results. The re-encoder performs a convolutional encoding process on the set of main decoded results to generate a set of re-encoded results. The adjusting module adjusts the input data according to the set of re-encoded results to generate adjusted input data corresponding to a predetermined path in a Viterbi trellis diagram. The secondary decoder generates a plurality of symbols according to the adjusted input data. The secondary result generating module generates a set of secondary decoded results according to the plurality of symbols and the set of main decoded results.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for binary arithmetic coding in video coding, and video encoders and decoders for performing such techniques. In some examples, the techniques may support binary arithmetic coding that supports slower adaptation rates and accounts more extreme probabilities (i.e., probabilities closer to 0 and 1) while maintaining relatively small tables.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of transmitting broadcast signals. The method includes, encoding Data Pipe, DP, data according to a code rate, wherein the encoding further includes Low-Density Parity-Check, LDPC, encoding the DP data, Bit interleaving the LDPC encoded DP data, and mapping the bit interleaved DP data onto constellations; building at least one signal frame by mapping the encoded DP data; and modulating data in the built signal frame by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM, method and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data.

Abstract: A regulator may comprise: an ADC unit for detecting a change in an output voltage and outputting an error code based on the detected result; a digital processing unit for generating a proportional control signal, a plurality of integral control signals, a counting signal, and an error sign signal based on the error code, outputting pull-up and pull-down control signals by multiplying the error code by a proportional gain factor in response to the proportional control signal, and outputting a plurality of sub-pull-up control signals by performing integration on the integral control signals based on the counting signal and multiplying the integration result by an integral gain factor; a first driving unit for outputting a first current in response to the pull-up and pull-down control signals; and a second driving unit for outputting a second current in response to the sub-pull-up control signals.

Abstract: A bit allocation method is used in an optical transmission system that transmits multicarrier signals of different wavelengths in wavelength division multiplexing. Frequency characteristics of subcarriers included in the multicarrier signals are different between the respective multicarrier signals. The method includes: measuring transmission characteristics of the subcarriers included in corresponding multicarrier signals at different subcarrier frequencies; and determining a number of bits to be allocated to each of the subcarriers included in each of the multicarrier signals based on the transmission characteristics measured at the different subcarrier frequencies.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a system for transmitting information bits, where the method for transmitting information bits includes: dividing the information bits to be transmitted into at least two groups; encoding the information bits to be transmitted in each group; modulating the coded bits obtained by the encoding to obtain modulation symbols, in which each modulation symbol is obtained by using the modulation of the coded bits in the same group; and mapping and transmitting the modulation symbols. In this way, the receiving end easily reduces the algorithm complexity, thereby ensuring the performance of the receiving end.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring a link quality in a wireless communication are provided. The method of a receiver for measuring the link quality in the wireless communication system includes determining a modulation type for each of at least one reception stream received through at least one antenna based on a modulation order and channel information regarding each of signals transmitted from a plurality of transmission antennas, searching for a parameter corresponding to the determined modulation type from a pre-stored parameter table in which parameters for each modulation type are stored, and calculating a channel capacity for each of the at least one reception streams received through the at least one antenna by using the searched parameter.

Abstract: A method and system for managing communication in a Multi-User Reusing One time Slot (MUROS) based communication network is provided. The method includes selecting a first communication device from a plurality of communication devices in the communication network, determining a Timing Advance (TA) associated with the first communication device and identifying a type of the first communication device, identifying a second communication device from the plurality of communication devices based on a TA associated with the second communication device, a type of the second communication device, the TA of the first communication device, and the type of the first communication device, and pairing the first communication device and the second communication device in a first time slot for establishing communication with the plurality of communication devices.

Abstract: The invention is directed to systems and methods for quadrature spatial modulation in the transmission of over a wireless network. A plurality of transmit antennas are configured in a spaced apart configuration, with each antenna representative of a spatial constellation symbol comprising an in-phase component and a quadrature component. A transmission unit is configured to map source data to the spatial constellation symbol of the transmit antennas, and to transmit a carrier signal comprising the in-phase and quadrature components out of phase. At least one receiving antenna is configured to receive the carrier signal, and at least one receiving unit is configured to demodulate the carrier signal to generate the source data.

Abstract: A method for transmitting and receiving a signal and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal are disclosed. The method for receiving the signal includes receiving (S210) the signal in a first frequency band, identifying (S220) a first pilot signal including, a cyclic prefix obtained by frequency-shifting a first portion of an useful portion of the first pilot signal and a cyclic suffix obtained by frequency-shifting a second portion of the useful portion of the first pilot signal from the received signal, demodulating (S220) a signal frame including a physical layer pipe (PLP) to which a service stream is converted, by an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, using information set in the first pilot signal, parsing (S230) the signal frame and obtaining the PLP and obtaining (S240) the service stream from the PLP.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method by which a terminal receives downlink control information in a wireless communication system and, more specifically, the method comprises the step of receiving a specific reference signal (RS) in a common search space (CSS) of an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH), wherein the specific reference signal is punctured and transmitted when a position allocated to a first terminal in an initial access procedure cannot be commonly applied to a second terminal.

Abstract: A transmission device includes: a plurality of modulators that respectively generate multicarrier signals from given data; a distributor that distributes input data to the modulators; an optical circuit that multiplexes the multicarrier signals to generate a WDM optical signal; and a controller that obtains allocation information from a receiver of the WDM optical signal and generates a distribution instruction to control the distributor and a bit allocation instruction to control the modulators according to the allocation information. The allocation information is calculated based on transmission characteristics of each subcarrier of the respective multicarrier signals and the allocation information indicates a number of bits of data allocated to each of the subcarriers. The distributor distributes the input data to the modulators according to the distribution instruction.

Abstract: Methods to improve the data carrying capacity of CATV DOCSIS systems and other communications systems are disclosed. Communications channels may be more efficiently spaced with reduced or absent guard bands by using receivers with adaptive signal cancellation methods, equalizing circuits, or polyphase filter banks and Fast Fourier Transform signal processing methods to correct for higher levels of cross-talk. QAM type communications channels may also be utilized on a synchronized two-transmitter at a time basis by adjusting the transmitters to predefined signal levels, such as +1, ?1, +½, ?½ to enable the combined signals to be distinguished at the receiver. These two methods may be combined to create a still higher data throughput system.

Abstract: A method of wireless communication by a user equipment includes determining an allocation of a set of tones in a symbol for conveying data. The method further includes determining to use m-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) to modulate the data onto a subset of tones of the set of tones. The method further includes modulating the data onto the subset of tones based on a mapping, wherein the mapping maps pairs of data values with a largest Hamming distance from each other to pairs of constellation points with a maximum Euclidean distance from each other.

Abstract: A method for inductively coupled communication is described. The method includes transmitting a carrier signal from a first device while receiving the carrier signal at a receiver of the first device. The method also includes determining a carrier level estimation using a loopback path on the receiver of the first device. The method further includes controlling a transmit power level of the first device based on a coupling strength with a second device as indicated by the carrier level estimation.

Abstract: In an orthogonal multicarrier radio transmission system complex-valued symbols are transmitted, wherein the real part and the imaginary part of each symbol are shifted against each other by one half symbol period and wherein a non-symmetric conjugate-root filter is applied to each symbol before transmission to mitigate inter-carrier interference and intersymbol interference. Corresponding reverse steps are performed at the receiver.

Abstract: A digital radio receiver adapted to receive radio signals modulated using continuous phase frequency shift keying, CPFSK. The receiver comprises means for receiving a radio signal (2), a correlator (8) arranged to estimate a frequency offset between the carrier frequency of the received radio signal and a nominal carrier frequency, means for correcting said frequency offset (4) and outputting a frequency-corrected radio signal (6), and a matched filter bank, MFB, which comprises a plurality of filters (20,22), each of which corresponds to a different bit pattern, for determining a bit sequence (36) from the frequency-corrected radio signal (6).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving channel estimation within an OFDM communication system. Channel estimation in OFDM is usually performed with the aid of pilot symbols. The pilot symbols are typically spaced in time and frequency. The set of frequencies and times at which pilot symbols are inserted is referred to as a pilot pattern. In some cases, the pilot pattern is a diagonal-shaped lattice, either regular or irregular. The method first interpolates in the direction of larger coherence (time or frequency). Using these measurements, the density of pilot symbols in the direction of faster change will be increased thereby improving channel estimation without increasing overhead. As such, the results of the first interpolating step can then be used to assist the interpolation in the dimension of smaller coherence (time or frequency).

Abstract: Various of the disclosed embodiments improve the initial codec selection in a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) connection. Particularly, rather than select an initial codec for the connection arbitrarily or based on data measured during the connection, embodiments analyze attributes of data exchanged prior to connection establishment to identify the appropriate initial codec. Attributes of the offer message transmission and acknowledgement may be used to infer channel quality. Signal strength, the existence of a WiFi connection, previous codecs used, etc., may also be taken into consideration. Latency measurements may be used as a proxy for measuring available bandwidth. Based on these factors, a codec having appropriate attributes may be selected. Traditional rate shaping methods may be applied subsequent to the initial codec selection.

Abstract: For generating a signal to be transmitted original information is encoded into a main channel and a side channel, wherein the side channel is more robust against channel influences than the main channel. On the receiver side, when the receive quality is above a threshold, which is necessitated to execute a successful decoding of the main channel, the main channel is reproduced. If the receive quality falls below this threshold, however, the side channel is reproduced which may have less bits than the main channel and which is a correspondingly lower quality representation of the original information than the main channel.

Abstract: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) methods, apparatus, and systems including a QAM transmit modulator to generate an output signal using a two-dimensional (2-D) QAM symbol constellation is disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for receiving an input signal, where the input signal includes a carrier signal modulated with a first modulation signal and a second modulation signal, and where the second modulation signal is a TM signal. Demodulating the first modulation signal from the input signal. Modulating an un-modulated carrier signal with the first modulation signal to generate a third signal, where the third signal includes the carrier signal modulated by the first modulation signal. And, removing the first modulation signal from the input signal by subtracting the third signal from the input signal to extract the TM signal from the input signal.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for turbo decoding orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Techniques for combined turbo decoding and equalization are disclosed. The disclosed techniques can be implemented in receivers that receive wired or wireless OFDM signals and produce data and control bits by decoding the received signals. The techniques may be incorporated within an ADSL or a VDSL receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting a signal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a mapper configured to map a modulation symbol to a bit signal by referencing the constellation. The constellation includes a plurality of blocks, and each block includes constellation points, each of which has in-phase (I) axis component value and quadrature-phase (Q) axis component value whose difference from the I axis or Q axis component value of a reference point of the block is a first difference value or a second difference value.

Abstract: A received POLMUX signal is rotated by fixed rotation parameters (Rot0, Rot1, Rot2) and the rotated POLMUX signal with optimal signal performance is selected and phase information is derived from both polarities. A pre-filter improves the timing accuracy.

Abstract: Sequences of pre-coded radio control signals are rearranged to enhance diversity transmission. In one example, a sequence of uplink control bits is segmented to form a plurality of groups. The bits of each of the plurality of groups are error correction encoded and encoded into symbols. The symbols are mapped to different ports for diversity transmission through a plurality of ports.

Abstract: Techniques for managing interference in a wireless communication system are disclosed. In one aspect, an estimated interference associated with data transmission over a plurality of subcarriers on an uplink is determined The estimated interference may relate to intermodulation products associated with a parallel transmission over the plurality of subcarriers. Based at least partly on the estimated interference, data received on the downlink can be processed, and subcarriers can be selected for data transmission on the uplink. Additionally, resources can be assigned to a wireless device according to the estimated interference.

Abstract: A method is presented which performs crest factor reduction (CFR) on a digitized signal. The method may include determining one or more peak values in a series of data samples of a communication signal, and/or generating a peak queue comprising the one or more peak values that exceed a threshold value and a corresponding index values for each peak value. The method may further include generating, from the peak queue, an entry to a clip table, the entry including a clip coefficient at the corresponding index value, updating the clip table to include a new clip coefficient at a new corresponding index value when the clip function squared at the new index value exceeds a scaled output power for an input power at the new corresponding index value, and/or clipping the series of data samples in a neighborhood of the peak value according to the clip function.

Abstract: An optical multilevel transmitter includes a semiconductor quadrature optical modulator configured to separately modulate and output in-phase and quadrature electric field components and a semiconductor nonlinear characteristic compensation circuit configured to generate, from in-phase and quadrature drive signals to be inputted to the semiconductor quadrature optical modulator, two signals for correcting each other and to add the two correcting signals to the corresponding drive signals.

Abstract: Techniques are generally described related to tag refinement strategy. One example method for communicating between a first wireless system having a plurality of first antennas and a second wireless system having a plurality of second antennas may be presented. The method may include receiving configuration information associated with the plurality of first antennas and a plurality of modulation schemes which the first wireless system is configured to support; determining a plurality of configurations based on the configuration information, wherein each of the plurality of configurations defines a corresponding subset of first antennas selected from the plurality of first antennas and a corresponding modulation scheme selected from the plurality of modulation schemes; and selecting a first configuration from the plurality of configurations, wherein when operating under the first configuration, the first wireless system is configured to achieve one or more performance criteria.

Abstract: A system includes a divider on a first side of electrically isolated circuitry for receiving a clock signal having a characteristic frequency and dividing the clock signal by a characteristic value. The system also includes an optical link coupled with the divider for receiving the divided clock signal and transmitting the divided clock signal from the first side of the electrically isolated circuitry to a second side of the electrically isolated circuitry. The system further includes a phase-locked loop on the second side of the electrically isolated circuitry. The phase-locked loop is coupled with the optical link and configured to receive the divided clock signal from the optical link and generate a second signal at a multiple of a characteristic frequency of the divided clock signal so that the second signal comprises the characteristic frequency of the clock signal received by the divider circuitry.

Abstract: Systems and methods for encoding streams of input data using at least two nonbinary low density parity check (NB-LDPC) encoders; generating NB-LDPC coded optimum signal constellations; performing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the NB-LDPC coded four-dimensional (4-D) optimum signal constellations; generating signals using mappers, the mappers configured to assign bits of signals to the signal constellations and to associate the bits of the one or more signals with signal constellation points. Output of the 4-D mappers is modulated using a 4-D OFDM transmitter and a 4-D modulator onto a transmission medium using block coded-modulation, and the modulated output is transmitted by mode-multiplexing independent 4-D OFDM data streams onto fiber.

Abstract: A receiver receives an inter-symbol correlated (ISC) signal with information symbols and a corresponding parity symbol. Values of information symbols are estimated utilizing parity samples that are generated from the parity symbols. One or more maximum likelihood (ML) decoding metrics are generated for the information symbols. One or more estimations are generated for the information symbols based on the one or more ML decoding metrics. A parity metric is generated for each of the one or more generated estimations of the information symbols. The parity metric is generated by summing a plurality of values of one of the generated estimations to generate a sum, and wrapping the sum to obtain a parity check value that is within the boundaries of a symbol constellation utilized in generating the information symbols.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus comprising: a first sampler to oversample a signal, the signal being processed for transmission through a channel having a notch region; a bandpass filter with passband response to filter the oversampled signal in the notch region; and a first modulator to translate the filtered signal to a higher frequency band than a frequency band of the notch region. Described is a method performed by a transmitter, the method comprising: oversampling a signal; and translating, in response to the oversampling, signal content in a notch region of a channel to a frequency band which is higher than a frequency band of the notch region.

Abstract: A method of operating a base station in a wireless communication system supporting Frequency-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (FQAM) and Multi-Tone FQAM (MT-FQAM) is provided. The method includes determining a modulation scheme of data to be transmitted, and modulating the data according to the determined modulation scheme, wherein if at least one resource block is included in the data and if the at least one resource block is mapped to at least one tone in a distributed manner, the MT-FQAM scheme is selected, or if one resource block is included in the data and if the one resource block is mapped to at least one tone in a continuous manner, the FQAM scheme is selected, or if multiple resource blocks are included in the data and if the multiple resource blocks are mapped to at least one tone in a continuous manner, the MT-FQAM scheme is selected.

Abstract: A method for transmitting to a UE control information comprising: channelization-code-set information (xccs,1, xccs,2, . . . , xccs,7); modulation-scheme and number of transport blocks information (xms,1, xms,2, xms,3, xms,4, xms,5); and precoding weight information (xpwipb,1, xpwipb,2, xpwipb,3, xpwipb,4). The method includes: multiplexing the channelization-code-set information, the modulation-scheme and number of transport blocks information and the precoding weight information to give a sequence of sixteen bits x1,1, x1,2, . . . , x1,16, where x1,i=xccs,i for i=1, 2, . . . , 7; x1,i=xms,i-7 for i=8, 9, 10, 11, 12; and x1,i=xpwipb,i-12 for i=13, 14, 15, 16; applying rate ½ convolutional coding to the sequence of bits x1,1, x1,2, . . . , x1,16 to obtain bit sequence z1,1, z1,2, . . . , z1,48; and puncturing the bits z1,1, z1,2, z1,4, z1,8, z1,42, z1,45, z1,47, z1,48 from sequence z1,1, z1,2, . . . , z1,48 to obtain an output sequence r1,1, r1,2 . . . r1,40.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detecting packet at a receiving system in a Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) system. The method starts with receiving a signal at the receiving system. Then a deviation value of the signal is computed, where the deviation value is computed at least partially based on phase differences between some number of carriers in the preamble. The deviation value is compared with a threshold to determine whether a packet has been detected from the received signal. In response to the determination that a packet has been detected, a symbol offset is computed optionally, where the symbol offset indicates a number of sample points from a beginning of a symbol.

Abstract: A monotonic optimization method is for achieving the maximum weighted sum-rate in multicell downlink MISO systems. It belongs to the wireless communications field. The weighted sum-rate maximization is viewed as a monotonic optimization problem over the achievable rate region. A sensible search scheme, a sequential partition method as well as a vertex relocation method are designed to reduce the complexity and accelerate the convergence.

Abstract: A system and method including a parity bit encoder for encoding each n?3 bits of data to be transmitted with three parity check bits to produce blocks of n bits (n?3 information bits plus three parity bits associated with the n information bits). Each of the blocks of n bits are Gray mapped to three QAM symbols that are modulated onto an optical wavelength and transmitted to a receiver. A maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoder is used at the receiver to correct for cycle slip.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for the distribution of outbound telephone calls. This method and system includes dialing devices receiving call records and providing telephone calls to one or more agents. Interfaced with the dialing device is a distribution module including pools and queues. The distribution module places the call records into the pools and transfers less than all of the call records to the queues to allow for calling by the dialing devices at peak efficiency. The distribution module transfers the queues to the dialing devices so that the dialing device can place telephone calls. The distribution module monitors the queues to determine when to send additional call records to the queues. In addition, distribution module monitors the results of the call records and updates the call records in the pools so that call records with unsuccessful outcomes can be safely called again later in the day.