Abstract: A sensor for integration into a domestic washing machine or dishwasher includes a sensor housing and an electronic assembly accommodated in the sensor housing with sensor components for a plurality of different measurement functions. The measurement functions include at least an optical measurement function as well as at least one non-optical measurement function. The electronic assembly has a plug-in interface for an electrical connection plug where the plug-in interface has a plurality of electrical interface contacts for the electrical supply of the electronic assembly and for conducting away measurement information obtained by means of the measurement functions.

Abstract: An interface circuit enabling serial data communication between a master UART and a slave UART includes two master terminals, two slave terminals, and various logic gates and switches. If data are sent by the master UART before the interface circuit is internally configured, data are sent to both slave terminals. Data received from the slave UART internally configures the interface circuit to route slave transmit data to the master receiver and to route master transmit data to the slave receiver. A master UART including such an interface circuit is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a phase self-correction circuit, including a trigger signal operation module and a signal phase correction module. The trigger signal operation module and the signal phase correction module are both composed of a plurality of discrete components. The trigger signal operation module is configured to perform a logical operation on an input phase standard reference signal and actual transmission signal, to obtain a target trigger signal for triggering the signal phase correction module; and the signal phase correction module is configured to output, based on trigger modes of the target trigger signal and the actual transmission signal, a self-correction transmission signal with the same waveform as that of the phase standard reference signal, to realize phase self-correction on the actual transmission signal.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to cause a reception side communication device to appropriately detect a start bit. A serial communication unit (100), which transmits serial data by a combination of a high level signal and a low level signal, is provided with: a serial communication part (111) that provides the start bit on the head of the serial data, and transmits the high level signal in a prescribed duration just before the start bit; and a duration setting part (113) that sets the duration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fan-out buffer which includes a first channel that includes a first delay circuit adjusting a first delay time of a calibration test signal depending on a first delay control signal, a second channel that includes a second delay circuit adjusting a second delay time of the calibration test signal depending on a second delay control signal, a first edge-to-pulse converter that detects a first edge included in a first time domain reflectometry (TDR) waveform of an output terminal of the first channel and generates a first start pulse signal including a first pulse, a second edge-to-pulse converter that generates a second start pulse signal including a second pulse, a stop pulse signal generator that generates a stop pulse signal including a first stop pulse, and a first delay control signal generator that calculates a phase difference generates the first delay control signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for network switching. The device includes an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) configured to provide electrical power from a power grid to a battery and a modem. The device further includes the battery configured to provide electrical power to a cellular modem. The device also includes the cellular modem configured to provide internet connection to a remote device. The device in addition includes a network switch configured to switch internet connectivity between the modem and the cellular modem. The network switch, when the power grid is interrupted, switches from the modem to the cellular modem to provide internet connectivity to the remote device.

Abstract: A memory device including a memory die including an internally-powered thermometer to determine a first measured operating temperature value of the memory die; detect the first measured operating temperature value satisfies one of a first condition or a second condition; and generate a first signal indicating an out-of-range operating temperature of the memory die in response to one of the first condition or the second condition being satisfied by the first measured operating temperature value. The memory die also including an externally-powered thermometer to: determine a second measured operating temperature value of the memory die; detect the second measured operating temperature value satisfies one of the first condition or the second condition; and generate a second signal indicating the out-of-range operating temperature of the memory die in response to one of the first condition or the second condition being satisfied by the second measured operating temperature value.

Abstract: During a training procedure for communicating via a full-duplex communication link, a first communication device receives training information from a second communication device. The training information corresponds to first signal processing parameters developed at the second communication device for use by the second communication device to process signals received by the second communication device via the full-duplex communication link. After receiving the training information from the second communication device, the first communication device develops second signal processing parameters to be used by the first communication device to process signals received by the first communication device via the full-duplex communication link. The second signal processing parameters are developed using the training information received from the second communication device.

Abstract: A UE may receive, from a base station, a configuration for a plurality of parameter sets that each include one or more parameters for a RACH message and are each associated with one of TDM, FDM, or SDM. The UE may determine a transmission type of the RACH message corresponding to one or more of the TDM, the FDM, or the SDM and transmit the RACH message to the base station based on at least one parameter set and the determined transmission type of the RACH message. In aspects, the configuration received by the UE may be a configuration for transmitting the RACH message based on a RACH determination protocol. The UE may transmit the RACH message to the base station based on the received configuration associated with the RACH determination protocol and the determined at least one transmission type of the RACH message.

Abstract: A UE may receive, from a base station, a configuration for a plurality of parameter sets that each include one or more parameters for a RACH message and are each associated with one of TDM, FDM, or SDM. The UE may determine a transmission type of the RACH message corresponding to one or more of the TDM, the FDM, or the SDM and transmit the RACH message to the base station based on at least one parameter set and the determined transmission type of the RACH message. In aspects, the configuration received by the UE may be a configuration for transmitting the RACH message based on a RACH determination protocol. The UE may transmit the RACH message to the base station based on the received configuration associated with the RACH determination protocol and the determined at least one transmission type of the RACH message.

Abstract: A neural network models fragmenting method, system, and computer program product include recursively factoring out common prefixes of models, constructing a hierarchy of decomposed model fragments based on the factoring, and grouping the constructed hierarchy for deployment.

Abstract: A rail-mounted rail processing machine has at least one traction motor and with at least one working unit for processing tracks, a permanent energy source, an electrical energy storage and a current collector. The components are connected to a common direct current network via power converters. In order to create a rail-mounted rail processing machine that allows low-maintenance and environmentally friendly operation of working aggregates with strongly varying peak loads without having to accept losses in the processing quality, the permanent energy source is a fuel cell which feeds at least one base load of the working unit into the direct current network via one of the power converters. To cover peak loads of at least the working unit, buffer energy of the electrical energy storage acting as a buffer store is feedable into the direct current network via an associated one of the power converters.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining spatial diagnostics data determined independent of changes to channel state parameters associated with a communication channel; and providing a service associated with a location at which the network exists using the spatial diagnostics data. Another method may include obtaining channel state parameters associated with a communication channel, the channel state parameters changing over time; determining spatial diagnostics data independent of changes to the channel state parameters; and providing a service associated with a location at which the network exists using the spatial diagnostics data. Another method may include monitoring activity at a location based on spatial diagnostics data associated with a communication channel of a network with a WAP; and in response to detecting an unrecognized device at the location, calibrating the WAP to nullify parameters of the communication channel from the unrecognized device without disrupting communication with authorized devices.

Abstract: A memory device includes: a memory array including a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of bit lines; and a current converting circuit, coupled to the memory array. In executing a calculation operation, the memory cells of the memory array generate a source current corresponding to a calculation operation result. The source current is converted by the current converting circuit into an output value for being an input signal provided to a next calculation operation.

Abstract: A method for mapping geological structures of a formation on a side of a surface, includes: generating a magnetic moment using at least one magnetic moment generator to build up a magnetic field in the formation in an on-period, wherein the magnetic moment has a moment strength, and wherein the magnetic moment is positioned on another side of the surface; changing the magnetic moment to change the magnetic field; and making at least one record in a recording device at a recording time trecord in an off-period, wherein the record includes at least a representation of the change in the magnetic field and/or a representation of the magnetic field obtained by a B/E-measuring unit; wherein the on-period is separated from the off-period by the act of changing the magnetic moment.

Abstract: A bridge connected between a first process control loop and a second process control loop wherein the bridge allows alternating current digital signals to pass between the first process control loop and the second process control loop while preventing direct current analog signals from passing between the first process control loop and the second process control loop.

Abstract: A near-field capacitive data communication system that uses a variable capacitive device such as a PIN diode to change the capacitance of a conductive plate in response to either a high or low data signal. A detector attached to a second conductive plate that is in proximity to the first conductive plate measures the capacitance of the first conductive plate and outputs a corresponding data signal. The technique is wireless, since the two conductive plates are not in electrical contact with one-another, but rather share their static electric fields. A microcontroller can act as a detector by baselining the capacitance of the first conductive plate when its capacitance is in the low capacitance state. The technique is ideal for communication between a pair of toys that can be brought in close proximity to one-another. Since no radio frequencies are used, no special testing or governmental electromagnetic compatibility rules apply.

Abstract: A communication method for phase separation differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) based on a second order hybrid system (SOHS) is provided. The method includes the following steps. At Step 1: communication system parameters are set. At Step 2: binary information to be transmitted are prepared. At Step 3: the chaotic signal u(t) is generated. At Step 4: the chaotic signal is prepared to be transmitted. At Step 5: a received signal is demodulated. At Step 6: a chaotic matched filtering operation is performed on the demodulated reference signal and the demodulated information bearing signal. At Step 7: optimal signal to noise ratio (SNR) points are extracted in a sampling way. At Step 8: polarity of each symbol is determined to obtain a recovered signal.

Abstract: A method for implementing a multimedia messaging service between a terminal that communicates with a network over a radio path and a server includes receiving a multimedia message addressed to the terminal at the server. The multimedia message includes at least one multimedia component. A notification message is transmitted over the radio path to the terminal to indicate that a multimedia message is available for retrieval from the server. The notification message includes the information on at least one property of the multimedia component. The notification message is received at the terminal, whereupon a bearer is selected for transferring the multimedia component over the radio path on the basis of the property data conveyed by the notification message. The multimedia component is transferred from the server to the terminal over the radio path using the bearer selected by the terminal.

Abstract: A method and system that provides for execution of a first calibration sequence, such as upon initialization of a system, to establish an operation value, which utilizes an algorithm intended to be exhaustive, and executing a second calibration sequence from time to time, to measure drift in the parameter, and to update the operation value in response to the measured drift. The second calibration sequence utilizes less resources of the communication channel than does the first calibration sequence. In one embodiment, the first calibration sequence for measurement and convergence on the operation value utilizes long calibration patterns, such as codes that are greater than 30 bytes, or pseudorandom bit sequences having lengths of 2N?1 bits, where N is equal to or greater than 7, while the second calibration sequence utilizes short calibration patterns, such as fixed codes less than 16 bytes, and for example as short as 2 bytes long.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a MIMO transmitter communication method estimating a channel correlation for REs on the basis of information regarding channels of REs contained in a resource region allocable to a MIMO receiver, allocating a part of the resource region as a resource for the MIMO receiver in consideration of the estimated channel correlation, and transmitting a downlink signal to the MIMO receiver through the allocated resource; and a MIMO transmitter.

Abstract: Described is an I3C Repeater. The I3C Repeater may have a first circuitry with an I3C interface, a second circuitry with an I2C interface, and a datapath circuitry coupled to the first circuitry and the second circuitry. The second circuitry may be operable to convert a transaction received on the I2C interface into a transaction for the I3C interface, and to convert a transaction received on the I3C interface into a transaction for the I2C interface. The I3C Repeater may also have additional circuitries operable to convert transactions received on one of an SPI interface, a UART interface, and a Debug bus interface into transactions for the I3C interface, and vice-versa.

Abstract: Data can be processed in parallel across a cluster of nodes using a parallel processing framework. Using Web services calls between components allows the number of nodes to be scaled as necessary, and allows developers to build applications on the framework using a Web services interface. A job scheduler works together with a queuing service to distribute jobs to nodes as the nodes have capacity, such that jobs can be performed in parallel as quickly as the nodes are able to process the jobs. Data can be loaded efficiently across the cluster, and levels of nodes can be determined dynamically to process queries and other requests on the system.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a method for selecting a terminal of an HD-FDD duplexing model. The invention enables the complexity of a switch of a terminal operating in an HD-FDD duplexing mode, at a level equivalent to that of a terminal operating in a TDD or FDD duplexing mode, to be reduced. To do this, thanks to the invention, it is provided that the terminal operating in an HD-FDD duplexing mode receives notifications or information via a network that programs the HD-FDD terminals through different uplink and downlink transmission models illustrated in FIG. 1. It may also be provided that the terminal operating in an HD-FDD duplexing mode has knowledge of the HD-FDD model to use for its communication. In this event, the complexity of its communication is reduced to the same level as that of a terminal operating in TDD mode.

Abstract: An electronic service guide (ESG) is provided by transmitting announcements describing multimedia sessions, such as video streams. Sessions are organized into a session directory (28) which is split into two parts: a full session directory (291) and an updated session directory (292). A first kind of announcement describes all sessions in the full session directory. A second kind of announcement describes sessions in the updated session directory. Once a client has received a description of the full session directory, it need only listen to announcements of the second type so as to learn of any updates to sessions.

Abstract: A method for asynchronous time multiplexing of information with synchronous interfacing includes, responsive to a first edge of a clock signal, asynchronously loading first data, including first multiple sets of data for multiple operations, into a first asynchronous shift register. The first data is asynchronously unloaded from the first asynchronous shift register to a function block for processing to provide second data, including second multiple sets of data as results of the multiple operations. The second data is asynchronously loaded into a second asynchronous shift register. Responsive to a second edge of the clock signal, the second data is asynchronously unloaded from the second asynchronous shift register as the results of the multiple operations. The first edge and the second edge of the clock signal are associated with a same period of the clock signal.

Abstract: An optical high speed Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) comprising a trigger module configured to receive binary signals and generate a trigger output in response, a digital waveform shaper (DWS) module configured to be programmed by a digital waveform and convert it to analog waveform, an amplifier module configured to amplify the analog waveform, a load adapter module configured to match the electrical impedance of the amplifier module to the electrical impedance of a light source, a TEC controller and a voltage supply module adapted to supply voltage to the trigger module, the digital waveform shaper module, the amplifier module, and the load adapter and the TEC controller.

Abstract: A communication system has a trunk extending from a network facility, such as a central office, with a plurality of distribution points positioned along the trunk. Each leg of the trunk defines a shared channel that permits peak data rates much greater than what would be achievable without channel sharing. As an example, the connections of each respective trunk leg may be bonded. Further, the same modulation format and crosstalk vectoring are used for each leg of the trunk. The crosstalk vectoring cancels both far-end crosstalk (FEXT) that couples between connections of a given trunk leg and crossover crosstalk that couples between one trunk leg and another. In addition, logic determines an amount of excess capacity available for each leg of the trunk and controls error correction based on the determined excess capacity.

Abstract: A network interface apparatus for wireless Ethernet is provided. The network interface apparatus includes: a Network Interface Card (NIC) control unit for converting a gigabit wired Ethernet signal into a Peripheral Component Interconnect express (PCIe) signal; a wireless network processing unit for converting the PCIe signal received from the NIC control unit into an analog signal; and an RF transmitting/receiving unit for converting the analog signal inputted from the wireless network processing unit into an RF signal of a 60 GHz frequency band to transmit the converted RF signal into a wireless terminal device.

Abstract: A clock frequency adjusting system is disclosed. The clock frequency adjusting system includes a sensing clock generating unit, a frequency-dividing unit and a controller. The frequency-dividing unit makes frequency of the sensing clock signal be divided by a frequency-dividing modulus and then outputs a clock calibration signal. The controller includes a period counter and a frequency adjusting unit. The period counter samples the clock calibration signal through the external clock signal so as to acquire a second count value. The frequency adjusting unit calculates a frequency difference data between the clock calibration signal and the predetermined clock signal according to the first count value and the second count value, and determines a number of adjustment according to the frequency difference data and a step adjusting frequency so as to output a clock adjusting signal to the sensing clock unit to adjust frequency of the sensing clock signal.

Abstract: A clock recovery circuit includes a first phase detector for measuring the phase difference between a first clock signal from a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a data signal. A phase shifter responsive to a control signal based on this phase difference adjusts the phase of an incoming clock signal to yield a second clock signal. The phase difference between the first clock signal and the second clock signal is measured and the resulting signal is low-pass filtered to derive a control signal for controlling the VCO. The phase locked loop including the VCO filters out jitter.

Abstract: A millimeter wave wireless (M2W2) interconnect is used for transmitting and receiving signals at millimeter-wave frequencies for short-range wireless communication with high data rate capability. The transmitter and receiver antennae may comprise an on-chip differential dipole antenna or a bond-wire differential dipole antenna. The bond wire differential dipole antenna is comprised of a pair of bond wires connecting between a pair of pads on an integrated circuit (IC) die and a pair of floating pads on a printed circuit board (PCB).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling a buffer in a digital audio broadcasting (DAB) communication system. An audio encoder marks a frame as “dropped” whenever a buffer overflow might occur. Only a small number of bits are utilized to process a lost frame, thereby preventing the buffer from overflowing and allowing the encoder buffer-level to quickly recover from the potential overflow condition. The audio encoder optionally sets a flag that provides an indication to the receivers that a frame has been lost. If a “frame lost” condition is detected by a receiver, the receiver can optionally employ mitigation techniques to reduce the impact of the lost frame(s).

Abstract: Methods and systems for vector combining power amplification are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a plurality of signals are individually amplified, then summed to form a desired time-varying complex envelope signal. Phase and/or frequency characteristics of one or more of the signals are controlled to provide the desired phase, frequency, and/or amplitude characteristics of the desired time-varying complex envelope signal. In another embodiment, a time-varying complex envelope signal is decomposed into a plurality of constant envelope constituent signals. The constituent signals are amplified equally or substantially equally, and then summed to construct an amplified version of the original time-varying envelope signal. Embodiments also perform frequency up-conversion.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and apparatus are disclosed for decoding an encoded data signal. In one embodiment, the method includes accessing, in a memory, a set of signal elements. The encoded data signal is received at a computing device. The signal includes signal fragments each having a projection value and an index value. The projection value has been calculated as a function of at least one signal element of the set of signal elements and at least a portion of the data signal. The index value associates its respective signal fragment with the at least one signal element used to calculate the projection value. The computing device determines amplitude values based on the projection values in the signal fragments. The decoded signal is determined using the amplitude values and the signal elements associated with the at least some of the signal fragments.

Abstract: A clock recovery circuit includes a first phase detector for measuring the phase difference between a first clock signal from a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a data signal. A phase shifter responsive to a control signal based on this phase difference adjusts the phase of an incoming clock signal to yield a second clock signal. The phase difference between the first clock signal and the second clock signal is measured and the resulting signal is low-pass filtered to derive a control signal for controlling the VCO. The phase locked loop including the VCO filters out jitter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting digital data in a cellular environment. Adjacent cells of the cellular system are prevented from simultaneously transmitting data. Because the noise from transmissions of adjacent cells is a primary source of interference, the transmission rate of power limited base stations can be dramatically increased when the noise from adjacent cells is eliminated. The transmissions to each subscriber station are made at a fixed transmission power level. However, the data rate of transmitted signals differs from one subscriber station to another depending the path loss differences. In a first exemplary embodiment, the data rate of transmissions to a subscriber station is determined by selecting an encoding rate for the transmitted signal while holding the symbol rate constant.

Abstract: A system for simultaneous transmission (1) of Morse signaling over a radio communication using digital technology, comprising a signal generator (2) with at least one digital modulation which includes at least one amplitude modulation component; a Morse code generator (3) that generates Morse tones in analog form; and a first attenuator module (4), controlled by the Morse code generator (4). In this way, a signal with digital modulation generated by the signal generator (2) is attenuated in amplitude by the first attenuator module (4), the amplitude attenuation being the function of the amplitude of the waveform generated by the Morse code generator (3). In this way the transmission of information by digital modulation is simultaneous with the transmission of the Morse code by analog amplitude modulation (AM), using one single radiofrequency (RF) carrier signal and without service interruption or information loss.

Abstract: A method for detecting a format of a frame in a communication system is presented. An embodiment of the method includes receiving the frame comprising a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The plurality of OFDM symbols may include at least one signal field symbol. The method further includes determining a modulation associated with the at least one signal field symbol. The modulation may be a first modulation or a second modulation. Also, the method includes estimating a position of the at least one signal field symbol among the plurality of symbols, and extracting a coding rate of the received frame. The method then includes detecting the format of the received frame based on the determined modulation and the estimated position of the at least one signal field symbol, and the extracted coding rate of the received frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of user equipment and methods for determining IQ imbalance parameters are described. In some embodiments, a method for determining in-phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) imbalance (IQ imbalance) parameters based on a known signal in a dual-carrier receiver using at least one controllable frequency offset includes receiving a known signal modulated onto a first radio frequency (RF) carrier frequency and a second RF carrier frequency different than the first RF carrier frequency. The known signal is downconverted to a baseband signal for the carriers by conversion from the respective RF carrier frequencies to an intermediate frequency (IF) using a common RF local oscillator (LO) and by further conversion from IF to baseband using carrier specific IF LOs, where a controllable frequency offset is used. Any controllable frequency offset is removed from the baseband signal for the first and second carriers to produce representations of the received signals.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first clock source, a second clock source and circuitry configured to supply a clock signal to a circuit. The circuitry operates to change the clock signal from one frequency to another different frequency. This change is made in a manner whereby no clock signal is supplied during a period of time when the change from the one frequency to the another different clock frequency is being made.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for communicating on a pilot wire between Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) and an Electric Vehicle (EV). The EVSE and EV exchange a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal on the pilot wire to control charging operations of the EV. Data communications may also be transmitted on the pilot wire, such as between transmit and receive modems. The modems transmit communication signals either continuously, without regard to the state of the PWM signal, or only when the PWM is in an off-state. If transmitting while PWM is on, the modem needs a large coupling impedance and/or a large signal injection. To transmit only when the PWM is off, the modem may use a blocking diode in the coupling circuit or may synchronize to the pulses in the PWM signal.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for redundancy-based decoding of video content are provided. A bit sequence comprising video content may be decoded in a multilayer process based on a decoding algorithm and at least one physical constraint. The decoding algorithm may be based on the Viterbi algorithm. Whether the bit sequence comprises video content may be determined based on information provided by a portion of a packet header or by packet priority information necessary for enabling quality of service applications. The physical constraint may be based on border, DC component, and/or low frequency continuity between neighboring discrete cosine transform (DCT) blocks. The physical constraint may also be based on the consistency of video data coded by a variable length coding (VLC) operation. At least one physical constraint test may be performed on selected estimated video bit sequences to select a decoded output video bit sequence.

Abstract: Several circuits and methods for field-based communication are provided. In an embodiment, a field-based communication circuit includes a receiver circuit, a detection circuit and a control circuit. The receiver circuit is configured to receive a field input signal from a field source. The detection circuit includes a voltage detection circuit and a current detection circuit configured to detect a voltage signal and a current signal, respectively associated with the field input signal. The control circuit is configured to trigger a selection of one of the voltage detection circuit and the current detection circuit based on a detection of a signal magnitude of one of the voltage signal and the current signal relative to at least a first predetermined threshold level, wherein the selection of one of the voltage detection circuit and the current detection circuit facilitates a demodulation of one of the voltage signal and the current signal.

Abstract: A data communications system having a plurality of communication devices including a host having a first receiver and a second receiver; and one or more clients, each client including a transmitter coupled between a signal node and a transmitter node, the transmitter selectively transmitting a multistate signal from the signal node to the transmitter node; and a single conductor daisy-chain loop redundantly communicating each multistate signal from each the transmitter to both receivers, the single conductor daisy-chain loop electrically communicating each transmitter node to the receivers. A data communications method including a) transmitting selectively a multistate signal from each of one or more clients; b) communicating electrically each multistate signal to a first location on a host using a single conductor coupled to each the client; and c) communicating electrically each multistate signal to a second location on the host using the single conductor.

Abstract: A millimeter wave wireless (M2W2) interconnect is used for transmitting and receiving signals at millimeter-wave frequencies for short-range wireless communication with high data rate capability. The transmitter and receiver antennae may comprise an on-chip differential dipole antenna or a bond wire differential dipole antenna. The bond wire differential dipole antenna is comprised of a pair of bond wires connecting between a pair of pads on an integrated circuit (IC) die and a pair of floating pads on a printed circuit board (PCB).

Abstract: Transmitter-based techniques are provided for compensation of intersymbol interference and/or simultaneous switching outputs, using selective pulse width modulation. One or more signals are transmitted by detecting whether one or more of said signals satisfy one or more predefined signal corruption conditions, wherein said predefined signal corruption conditions indicate that one or more of said signals are anticipated to exhibit one or more of intersymbol interference and simultaneous switching outputs; and selecting a delay for one or more of the signals based on the one or more predefined signal corruptions conditions.

Abstract: A network infrastructure for mobile machines which are usable in explosive areas, having inherently safe participants and not inherently safe network participants the latter being arranged in pressure-resistant housings. The machine has at least one controller for actuating at least one not inherently safe participant. In order to provide a network infrastructure which avoids the drawbacks of the prior art, the machine has, outside the pressure-resistant housing for the first controller, at least one second, inherently safe controller for actuating at least one inherently safe participant, wherein the first controller forms a data distributor for a plurality of not inherently safe participants and the second controller forms a data distributor for a plurality of inherently safe participants, and wherein the first data distributor and the second data distributor are linked via an electrically decoupled data communication link.

Abstract: A frequency detector includes a multi-phase clock generation unit, a sampling unit connected to the multi-phase clock generation unit and a digital logic unit connected to the sampling unit. An inputted single-phase clock is received by the multi-phase clock generation unit and transformed into a multi-phase clock. Inputted random data are received by the sampling unit and sampled by the multi-phase clock. Each data bit of the random data is divided into several sampling intervals according to a phase number of the multi-phase clock. The digital logic unit analyzes sampling values logically, judges the corresponding sampling interval of each sampling value and outputs signals for indicating that a frequency of the random data is higher or lower than the frequency of the single-phase clock based on differences in the corresponding sampling intervals of the sampling values at two adjacent times. A method for detecting frequencies is further provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing power consumption of a receiver by performing a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) according to a detected decoding error are provided. The apparatus includes a decoding reliability metric generator for setting a decoding result as a decoding reliability metric, which is a reference value for determining a code block having a decoding error, based on a decoding result, a decoding reliability metric buffer for storing the decoding reliability metric set by the decoding reliability metric generator and a code block controller for, when the decoding error occurs, identifying code blocks having the decoding error by checking the decoding reliability metric and for controlling to decode the identified code blocks.