Abstract: Disclosed is a rotating anode for a composite X-ray tube formed by two half-anodes, each being in the form of a disk, one face of which is flat and the other face of which is cut out into radial notches that join their indented circumference to the center of said half-anodes which fit into each other by their indented faces and are fixedly attached by a mechanical fixing system.

Abstract: A beam generating apparatus the combination comprising a first binary alloy target crystal consisting essentially of an alloy of copper and silver, for producing a primary x-ray beam; a second target crystal consisting essentially of copper in the path of the first x-ray beam and oriented to produce a CuK.alpha., radiation in response to impingement of the primary beam.

Abstract: A high resolution laminography system for the inspection of integrated circuits wherein a beam of highly focused electrons is traced in a circular pattern on a flat target within a vacuum chamber. The target converts the electron beam into X-rays, so that a source of X-rays is produced which rotates in synchronization with a rotating detector assembly. An object is placed within the vacuum chamber, between the X-ray source and the detector so that an X-ray cross sectional image of a cutting plane of the object is produced. A computer and feedback system controls image acquisition and an automated positioning system. The computer system can also operate under program control to automatically analyze data, measure characteristics of the object under inspection, and make decisions regarding the acceptability of the object's quality.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation of high thermal conductivity X-ray anode sources for the production of high intensity X-rays. The anode sources are structures containing diamond (passive element) and desired target material(s) consisting of metal(s) and (or) their alloys for the generation of high intensity X-radiation of the desired wavelength.

Abstract: Diode for providing X-rays. A diode for generating X-rays is adapted for connection to a source of high electrical energy with the diode having a first end from which the X-rays are emitted, a second end, and axis extending between the ends. The diode includes a ring cathode connected to the electron source and an intermediate anode spaced from the cathode with at least a portion of this anode being disposed between the ring cathode and the diode first end. The intermediate anode decelerates electrons to cause the generation of X-rays emitted from the diode first end. The diode also includes an intermediate cathode disposed radially outwardly of the intermediate anode and connected to this anode. The diode further includes an inverse anode spaced from the intermediate cathode and positioned radially outwardly of the intermediate cathode and between the intermediate cathode and between the intermediate cathode and the diode second end.

Abstract: Omni-directional X-ray tube having a target which is at least partially surrounded by an annular window passed by the X-rays, the cathode and the electron optics and the targets being designed such that the radiation passing the window is sweeping a larger sector in the plane of the window. The cathode arrangement includes at least two electron sources with an associated electron optics. The formation of the electron optics and of the targets is such that for each electron optic a focal point is generated on the target and the radiation originating from the individual focal points are sweeping about adjacent subsectors which are approximately screened against each other to avoid an overlapping.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotating anode for an X-ray tube, which avoids the anarchical generation of cracks in a target carried by the anode. For this purpose, at least a part of a target area is carved by a plurality of radial slots arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry of the anode. The depth of the slots is less than the thickness of the target.

Abstract: Roentgen lithography aparatus comprises a roentgen tube for producing long wave roentgen radiation for forming an image of a mask on a substrate. The roentgen tube comprises an electron gun having a glow cathode and a grid, electron beam deflecting and focussing coils, a target on which the electron beam is projected and an exit window through which roentgen rays from the target are projected through a lithography mask onto a substrate. The glow cathode and the target are of high atomic number high melting point material, such as tunsten. The grip has an annular flange with a central opening in which the tip of the glow cathode is disposed. The front face of the flange facing the target is frustoconical with an included angle of about 100.degree. to 140.degree. while the rear face is plane. The angle between the front and rear faces as measured in a radial plane is about 15.degree. to 60.degree.. The focussing coil focusses the electron beam into a focal spot on the target having a diameter less than 10.sup.

Abstract: A multitarget x-ray tube which generates a number of x-ray beams of different characteristics in any desired combinations and/or sequences and in which cross-talk is reduced and beam purity is enhanced. The tube can be used in applications such as elemental analysis of materials by x-ray fluorescence, in which a sample is excited with x-rays from a primary source and in response releases x-ray photons having energies characteristic of the elements present in the sample, and in applications in which it can replace a radioactive source.

Abstract: A rotary anode assembly for an X-ray source, having a annular V-groove target portion for generating a desired characteristic X-ray emission by an electron beam bombardment applied thereto, wherein the V-grooved target portion is formed from a pair of target members each being formed into a body of rotation with respect to the axis of rotation of the assembly and having a surface including therein a coaxially-formed annular tapered portion. The target members are combined together so that the annular tapered surface portions face to each other with a predetermined angle therebetween, thereby constituting the annular V-groove. The annular V-groove target portion is formed in the peripheral surface of the rotary anode assembly or in the side surface of the anode assembly, which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A stereoscopic x-ray tube has an evacuated housing with a motor-driven anode dish therein, as well as at least two cathodes. The cathodes are disposed for directing electrons onto two respective foci within at least one track of the anode dish. Each of the foci generates a beam of useful x-rays, the two beams alternating. The anode dish is divided into at least one pair of segments of identical size, each segment emitting x-rays of a different intensity, so that only one segment in each pair can emit useful x-rays. The cathodes are disposed such that their respective foci are spaced at an uneven multiple of the length of the track within a segment.

Abstract: An anode of an X-ray tube, particularly for X-ray analysis, comprises at least two successive layers (7, 8 or 11, 10 or 13, 12) of anode material. A first layer (7, 11, 12) thereof consists mainly of an element having a comparatively low atomic number, such as scandium or chromium, while a second layer (8, 10, 13) consists mainly of an element having a comparatively high atomic number, such as molybdenum, tungsten or uranium. For the selection of a desired radiation spectrum, the tube voltage is selectively adjusted such that either or both layers are activated.

Abstract: An anode target comprises a copper block having different elemental target materials bonded to segments of the circumference, which rotate past the electron emitting cathode, to provide different emission lines in sequence. Aluminum and silicon target materials produce lines which bracket the aluminum absorption edge, to detect small amounts of aluminum in the presence of other absorbing materials by differential absorption of these two lines. Silver and rhodium may be used to bracket the chlorine absorption edge.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments produce successive x-ray beams with different wavelengths and may comprise a rotating anode whose anode body has x-ray generating parts of different materials. Heretofore, the x-rays arising at the parts have been conducted through filters outside the tube which, synchronously moved, are allocated to the parts of the rotating anode. Since, however, the allocation of the filters to the parts of the anode is difficult in such a subsequent synchronization, according to the disclosure a fixed allocation ensues in that the filters are incorporated into the tube and are integrated in the rotation of the anode. To that end, they are designed as walls lying at right angles in the discharge path of the x-rays and are rigidly connected to the shaft of the anode arrangement. Such x-ray tubes are particularly suitable as a radiation source for employment in medical x-ray diagnostics.

Abstract: An x-ray source for use in computerized tomographic applications focuses an electron beam on an arcuate anode ring to produce an x-ray beam which passes through a planar slice of the subject under study. Electromagnetic focusing and directing of the electron beam acts to produce the same effects as those produced by a single x-ray source which is mechanically rotated about the patient. Because it is very difficult to focus and to bend an electron beam having a cross section with other than cylindrical symmetry, and because it is highly desirable that the cross section of the electron beam have a rectangular cross section as it impinges upon the anode, an electromagnetic means is disposed adjacent the electron beam path between the anode and the beam bending coils to oscillatorily deflect the beam so that it effectively exhibits a substantially rectangular cross section, the long dimension of the rectangle always pointing toward the system axis.