Abstract: X-ray tube construction comprising a housing with a metal tube envelope therein and a shaft. An anode plate is carried by the shaft. Bearings are disposed on opposite sides of the anode plate and rotatably mount the shaft in the envelope. A motor drive is coupled to the shaft for rotating the shaft and the anode plate carried thereby. A cathode is provided for supplying electrons which are accelerated by a high voltage to the anode plate for creating x-rays upon impingement with the anode plate. A heat cage is disposed in the housing and the envelope and surrounds the anode plate. X-ray shielding is disposed within the housing between the envelope and the housing. Windows are provided in the shielding, the metal envelope and in the heat cage to permit x-rays to pass therethrough. Particularly novel means is provided for dissipating the heat generated in the anode and for dissipating the same exterior of the housing prior to the heat passing to the opposite extremities of the shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotating anode for an X-ray tube, which avoids the anarchical generation of cracks in a target carried by the anode. For this purpose, at least a part of a target area is carved by a plurality of radial slots arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry of the anode. The depth of the slots is less than the thickness of the target.

Abstract: Cooling oil for an X-ray tube head assembly is contained within a resilient elastomeric envelope together with a high voltage assembly.

Abstract: X-ray tube construction comprising a housing with a metal tube envelope therein and a shaft. An anode plate is carried by the shaft. Bearings are disposed on opposite sides of the anode plate and rotatably mount the shaft in the envelope. A motor drive is coupled to the shaft for rotating the shaft and the anode plate carried thereby. A cathode is provided for supplying electrons which are accelerated by a high voltage to the anode plate for creating x-rays upon impingement with the anode plate. A heat cage is disposed in the housing and the envelope and surrounds the anode plate. X-ray shielding is disposed within the housing between the envelope and the housing. Windows are provided in the shielding, the metal envelope and in the heat cage to permit x-rays to pass therethrough. Particularly novel means is provided for dissipating the heat generated in the anode and for dissipating the same exterior of the housing prior to the heat passing to the opposite extremities of the shaft.

Abstract: A high thermal emittance coating for an x-ray tube anode target which permits broader application parameters and a stable coating. The coating is composed of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in an amount of 50% to 80% by weight and ZrO.sub.2 or La.sub.2 O.sub.3 and TiO.sub.2 present in an amount of 50% to 20% by weight with the TiO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 or La.sub.2 O.sub.3 being present in a ratio in the range of 1:1 to 10:1. A preferable coating is composed of about 80% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 20% by weight of TiO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2.

Abstract: A high intensity x-ray source that uses a flowing stream of liquid gallium as a target with the electron beam impinging directly on the liquid metal.

Abstract: An x-ray tube has a stationary cathode and a rotating anode contained in an evacuated housing. The anode is mounted on a stationary shaft on bearings. The anode has a hollow interior, in which a stationary heat-absorption member is disposed, also mounted to the shaft. The shaft is in the form of a tube, with the interior thereof being charged by a coolant. The coolant circulates through the heat-absorption member within the hollow interior of the anode to dissipate heat from the anode generated during the production of x-rays.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a cathode which supplies electrons that bombard a target material to produce x-rays. The target is supported on a rotating anode that includes fins covered with a high emissivity material. An envelope surrounds these elements and provides a vacuum chamber in which they operate. A receptor is mounted to the envelope and includes fins which mate with the anode fins to enhance the radiation of heat from the rotating anode. A cooling liquid is pumped through the receptor.

Abstract: An X-ray target having a graphite body and an X-ray generating metal coating layer, in that a metal interlayer which is non-reactive with graphite and which has a coefficient of thermal expansion substantially equal to those of the graphite and the X-ray generating metal coating layer is formed at the boundary between the graphite body and the X-ray generating metal coating layer, and that the interlayer is caused to percolate into the graphite body. Desirably, the interlayer includes a part percolating into the graphite body over a depth of at least 10 .mu.m. The X-ray target can be manufactured in such a way that the surface of the graphite body is coated with the metal interlayer by subjecting the surface to chemical vapor deposition under a normal pressure or under a pressure near the normal pressure, and that the metal interlayer is thereafter coated with an X-ray generating metal by an expedient such as chemical vapor deposition, sputtering or thermal spraying.

Abstract: An X-ray generating tube with improved thermal performance comprises a stationary disc within a hollow rotating target disc. The target operates at the target metal temperatures limit. The stationary disc is cooled by forced convection with a dielectric liquid. Heat is transferred from the target inwardly and outwardly.

Abstract: A method for generating X-rays in an X-ray tube, comprises the steps of: rotating an X-ray target of a rotating anode, the X-ray target having a metal coated layer thereon; applying electron beams emitted from a cathode onto the metal coated layer of the X-ray target; and offsetting thermal deformation of the X-ray target due to the application of the electron beams by deformation of the X-ray target due to centrifugal force, thereby maintaining a position of the X-ray target in a direction of the application of the electron beams, at a room temperature of the X-ray target, thus generating the X-rays.

Abstract: An X-ray tube generally comprises an evacuated tube envelope fabricated primarily of metal and having first and second end walls and a cylindrical sidewall, and encloses a rotating anode with its target surface facing the second end wall. A heat transfer sleeve extends from the first end wall past the anode to receive heat from the anode and transfer it to the end wall for dispersal. A heat transfer cross plate at the end of the sleeve further encloses the anode to receive and transfer heat. The tube envelope is mounted in a cylindrical tube housing with the first end wall in contact with a finned mounting plate for dissipating heat. The surface of the tube envelope remains sufficiently cool to apply a layer of lead, whereby the tube is compact. The anode and cathode electrical feeds are through the second end wall. The electrical feeds have angled terminations with lead on them.

Abstract: An X-ray generator includes a vacuum vessel; a cathode disposed in the vacuum vessel for emitting an electron beam; a plurality of stators constituting an electric motor and disposed within the vacuum vessel for generating rotating magnetic fields; a drum-shaped anode adapted to rotate upon reception of the rotating magnetic fields generated from the stators and radiate an X-ray upon reception of the electron beam emitted from the cathode, the drum-shaped anode having a circumferentially extending narrow groove formed at the position where the electron beam from the cathode is focused; a plurality of rotary fins mounted on the drum-shaped anode for dissipating the heat generated in the groove upon radiation of an X-ray; and a plurality of fixed fins mounted within the vacuum vessel in opposed relation to the rotary fins and adapted to receive the heat transferred from the rotary fins and dissipate the heat to the outside of the vacuum vessel.

Abstract: A fused metal oxide ceramic coating is disclosed for application in a particular region of the target employed in an x-ray tube. The disclosed ceramic coating enhances the thermal emittance of a refractory metal target and comprises the fused product of a metal oxide physical mixture comprising Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, and TiO.sub.2 which exhibits a minimum melting point of approximately 1580.degree. C. A preferred ceramic coating comprises from about 40 weight percent up to about 70 weight percent TiO.sub.2, from about 20 weight percent up to about 40 weight percent ZrO.sub.2, and from about 10 weight percent up to about 20 weight percent Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. A process for the in situ preparation of said ceramic coating is also disclosed along with a particular rotating type x-ray tube and radiographic imaging system employing said improved target.

Abstract: An x-radiator has heat-producing components therein which are enclosed in a housing filled with an insulating fluid surrounding the components. A circulating pump is in fluid communication with the interior of the housing and has respective ports through which the fluid is circulated through the pump between the ports for aiding in dissipating heat from the components. The pump may be integrated within the housing, or attached to an exterior of the housing, with only its ports being in communication with the housing interior. The pump may be a squirrel-cage induction motor with a fluid conveying element, such as a ship's propellor forming a unit with the rotor and being arranged in a protective housing together with the stator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved spectographic X-ray tube in which heat dissipation through the beryllium window of the X-ray tube is improved by way of a thin layer disposed on the inside of the beryllium window. The coating layer is of copper and disposed on the inside of the beryllium window for the best effects for improving heat dissipation by the window.

Abstract: A method for the diffusion bonding of a graphite member to a metallic surface of molybdenum, molybdenum alloy, tungsten or tungsten alloy as part of a composite rotary anode for an X-ray tube is set forth. In the completed structure a crack-free compound laminate separating and joining the graphite member and the metallic surface comprises a layer of carbide of metal of the metallic surface bonded to a layer of platinum or platinum alloy.

Abstract: Methods for the diffusion bonding of a graphite member to a metallic surface as part of a composite rotary anode for an X-ray tube are set forth. The preferred joint for the composite is made by using a layer of palladium in combination with a layer of metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium and alloys thereof.

Abstract: An x-ray source having a cathode and a disc-shaped anode with a peripheral surface at constant radius from the anode axis opposed to the cathode. The anode has stub axle sections rotatably carried in heat conducting bearing plates which are mounted by thermoelectric coolers to bellows which normally bias the bearing plates to a retracted position spaced from opposing anode side faces. The bellows cooperate with the x-ray source mounting structure for forming closed passages for heat transport fluid. Flow of such fluid under pressure expands the bellows and brings the bearing plates into heat conducting contact with the anode side faces. A worm gear is mounted on a shaft and engages serrations in the anode periphery for rotating the anode when flow of coolant is terminated between x-ray emission events.

Abstract: A method for the diffusion bonding of a graphite member to a metallic surface as part of a composite rotary anode for an X-ray tube is set forth. In the completed structure a compound laminate separating and metallurgically bonded to the graphite member and to the metallic surface consists of, in sequence, a layer comprising carbide of vanadium and of a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, a layer of metal selected from the group consisting of vanadium and vanadium alloys, a zone of interdiffused metals comprising platinum and vanadium and then a continuous layer comprising platinum or platinum alloy.

Abstract: There is disclosed a rotating anode for use in X-ray tubes having a basic member made of a carbonaceous molybdenum alloy, such as TZM, and a focal path, that is a cathode path, of tungsten or a tungsten alloy, the surface of the basic member outside the focal path being coated at least partially with one or more oxides or a mixture of one or more metals and one or more oxides and having a 10 to 200 .mu.m thick layer of molybdenum and/or tungsten disposed between the surface of the basic member and the coating thereon of oxides or mixture of metal and oxides.

Abstract: A rotary anode type X-ray tube has an enclosure, a target rotatably supported within the enclosure and serving as a source of X-ray generation, a cylindrical rotor connected to the target, for rotating the target by the action of rotating magnetic field produced by a winding provided around the enclosure, a rotary shaft on the central axis of the rotor for rotation of the target, and a stationary cylindrical housing concentric with the rotor interposed between the rotor and the rotary shaft, for supporting the rotary shaft through rolling bearings. In this type of X-ray tube, means is interposed between the rotor and the rotary shaft, for reducing the difference of temperature between the stationary cylindrical housing and the rotor.

Abstract: In a rotary anode X-ray tube, comprising an anode disc which is mounted on a rotary shaft and which comprises a basic body of graphite, the anode disc is subject to such loads during the operation of the X-ray tube that a connection between the disc and the shaft is liable to fracture if it consists of pressed and sintered graphite. In order to counteract fracturing, the basic body is connected to the shaft by a bushing of pyrolytic or microporous graphite. A pyrolytic graphite bushing may be formed by deposition from the gaseous phase in situ or on a mandril, and should have a radial direction of growth. Both materials have a high strength and, moreover, a lower thermal conductivity in the radial direction. As a result, not only is the strength improved, but the thermal loading of the shaft bearings is also reduced.

Abstract: An intermediate layer comprising several sub-layers is sandwiched between the support and a target layer of a rotary X-ray anode. The sub-layer of the intermediate layer which contacts the support and the sub-layer of the intermediate layer which contacts the target layer both consist of pure rhenium. Interposed between these two sub-layers is a further sub-layer consisting of a rhenium alloy containing at least one carbide-forming metal, for example tungsten, tantalum or hafnium. This construction of the intermediate layer provides a barrier against carbon diffusion, which barrier has substantially the heat conduction properties of metals and which offers a sufficient protection against the penetration of carbon into the target layer, even at temperaturers above 1500 K.

Abstract: A rotating anode X-ray generating tube having heat dissipating fins on the anode structure interleaved with heat receiving fins attached to the vacuum envelop with means for cooling the heat receiving fins, thereby allowing enhanced heat transfer from the anode structure to the outside environment. The operation of the foregoing structure may be enhanced further by judicious choice of materials.