Abstract: The present invention concerns a support of carbonaceous material for a rotary target of X-ray tubes. The support is formed of two parts which are fixed with respect to each other, one part being of a carbon/carbon composite which provides mechanical strength and the other part being of polycrystalline graphite for receiving a refractory metal, by virtue of its coefficient of expansion. A thermal contact is provided between the two parts. The invention is especially applicable to targets of X-ray tubes which rotate at a high speed, 20,000 RPM and above.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and to a process for producing bremsstrahlung. This apparatus comprises in a ferromagnetic member a circular cavity containing electrons rotated on a circular path under the action of a magnetic field induced by the ferromagnetic member and by means for inducing a magnetic field. The apparatus also comprises a circular target partly located outside the cavity and rotating in a plane perpendicular to that of the path of the electrons. The end of the target periodically traverses said path in order to interact periodically with the electrons on their path, so as to produce bremsstrahlung. Means are provided for varying the magnetic field in the cavity and are synchronized with the interaction period of the target on the electrons and are connected to the induction means.Application to all fields requiring the production bremsstrahlung.

Abstract: The average power capacity of a rotating-anode X-ray generator tube is limited by the slow radiation cooling of the anode. The invention removes this limitation by rotating the entire vacuum envelope so the heat can be conducted directly to the air or to a circulating liquid. The cathode and anode are made as figures of revolution about the axis. A stationary source of X-rays is produced by focusing a stationary spot of the light onto a rotating photocathode. The photoelectrons are drawn off and focused onto a stationary spot on the rotating anode, to produce a stationary source of X-rays.

Abstract: A composite target for an x-ray tube has a graphite substrate portion and a metal portion, the two portions being bonded together by a platinum brace. A tantalum wetting agent layer on the graphite acts to improve the bond by causing the platinum to better wet the graphite portion.

Abstract: An X-ray tube is provided with a target that radiates primarily the characteristic X-ray of molybdenum. The target has an electron focal area of molybdenum base alloy containing molybdenum as a major component, and at least one of titanium and a combination of potassium oxide and silicon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a rotating anode with graphite for an X-ray tube in which the quality of the bond with the graphite is considerably improved in comparison with the prior art, through the use of a bonder element comprising beryllium.

Abstract: A high-intensity X-ray source generates significant heat at the anode. To help dissipate this heat, the anode is often rotated in the vacuum. Heat must still be radiated from the anode to the exterior walls. An improved X-ray source incorporates the anode in the walls of the vacuum chamber and rotates the entire chamber. The heat is then easily conducted to the exterior where it may be dissipated by connection or forced air cooling.

Abstract: A radiological device is provided of the type comprising a radiogenic tube with magnetic bearings, said radiogenic tube being contained in a sheath as well as electronic means for controlling said magnetic bearings.

Abstract: Rotary anodes for X-ray tubes are provided having improved thermal stability. The rotary anodes are comprised of a basic body made of molybdenum alloy comprising about 0.1 to 15% by weight hafnium, about 0.1 to 15% by weight zirconium, about 0.01 to 1.0% by weight carbon and the balance molybdenum.The alloy according to the invention has a low tendency of cracking distortion, and/or surface roughening, even with focal track zones made of tungsten and tungsten alloys and even at operating temperatures exceeding the currently normal values by up to about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the diffusion bonding of a graphite member to a metallic surface as part of a composite rotary anode for an X-ray tube is set forth. In the completed structure a carbide-free compound laminate separating and metallurgically bonded to the graphite member and to the metallic surface consists of, in sequence, a layer of interdiffused metals comprising a first metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten and a second metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, columbium and alloys thereof, a layer consisting essentially of the second metal, a zone of interdiffused metals comprising platinum and the second metal and then a continuous layer comprising platinum or platinum alloy.

Abstract: A rotating anode x-ray tube has an anode magnetically seated in a housing in non-contacting fashion. For non-contacting transmission and dissipation of the anode current, a hollow cylindrical rotor of the anode is provided with ribs on its interior surface. A stationary hollow cylinder is disposed inside of the rotor, the stationary hollow cylinder being also provided with ribs in registry with the ribs on the interior of the rotor, and being connected to the anode lead. Current is thereby transferred from the stationary cylinder to the rotating hollow cylinder by corona discharge.

Abstract: A basic body for an anode disc is provided with laminations which are situated at a short distance from one another. Pyrolytic graphite is provided in the narrow intermediate spaces between the laminations by deposition of carbon from the gaseous state. Because of the small distances between laminations, these intermediate spaces are quickly filled with pyrolytic graphite.

Abstract: A rotatable x-ray target assembly and process for manufacturing the same is provided for an x-ray tube. The x-ray target assembly comprises an x-ray target member having an opening disposed therethrough and a support member having: a mounting surface disposed transversely to the axis of rotation, a lower surface of the target member being disposed on the mounting surface; and, a threaded stem extending from said mounting surface through the opening of the target member. The support member also comprises a nut adapted to receive the threaded stem, the nut engaging an upper surface of the target member. The target member is secured to the support member by brazing material disposed between the lower surface of the target member and the mounting surface, a first portion of the brazing material being diffused into the target member and a second portion of the brazing material being diffused into the mounting surface of the support member.

Abstract: A rotary anode for an X-ray tube is in the form of a disc (1) the surface of which has, at least partially, a blackening coating (2). The latter is in the form of a sintered porous composition of titanium grains, mainly of the dendritic structure, of a size from 0.5 to 150 .mu.m, and at least one high-melting metal having a melting point above 2500.degree. C., the quantity the high-melting metal in the composition being from 5 to 60% by mass.

Abstract: A rotary anode assembly for an X-ray source, having a annular V-groove target portion for generating a desired characteristic X-ray emission by an electron beam bombardment applied thereto, wherein the V-grooved target portion is formed from a pair of target members each being formed into a body of rotation with respect to the axis of rotation of the assembly and having a surface including therein a coaxially-formed annular tapered portion. The target members are combined together so that the annular tapered surface portions face to each other with a predetermined angle therebetween, thereby constituting the annular V-groove. The annular V-groove target portion is formed in the peripheral surface of the rotary anode assembly or in the side surface of the anode assembly, which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus comprising an X-ray generator having a cylindrical rotating target, a slit plate having a slit extending in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which an X-ray focal point moves on the target, the slit plate and rotating target being moved relatively in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the slit extends, an X-ray detector arranged opposite to the slit plate with an object interposed between them and serving to convert X-ray beams passing through the slit and the object to electrical signals, a signal processor for picking up only those signals which relate to the object from these electrical signals obtained through the X-ray detector, and a display device for displaying an X-ray image which corresponds to the signals picked up by the signal processor.

Abstract: A method for the diffusion bonding of a graphite member to a metallic surface of molybdenum, molybdenum alloy, tungsten or tungsten alloy as part of a composite rotary anode for an X-ray tube is set forth. In the completed structure a crack-free compound laminate separating and joining the graphite member and the metallic surface comprises a layer of carbide of metal of the metallic surface bonded to a layer of platinum or platinum alloy.

Abstract: A stereoscopic x-ray tube has an evacuated housing with a motor-driven anode dish therein, as well as at least two cathodes. The cathodes are disposed for directing electrons onto two respective foci within at least one track of the anode dish. Each of the foci generates a beam of useful x-rays, the two beams alternating. The anode dish is divided into at least one pair of segments of identical size, each segment emitting x-rays of a different intensity, so that only one segment in each pair can emit useful x-rays. The cathodes are disposed such that their respective foci are spaced at an uneven multiple of the length of the track within a segment.

Abstract: Methods for the diffusion bonding of a graphite member to a metallic surface as part of a composite rotary anode for an X-ray tube are set forth. The preferred joint for the composite is made by using a layer of palladium in combination with a layer of metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium and alloys thereof.

Abstract: An x-ray source having a cathode and a disc-shaped anode with a peripheral surface at constant radius from the anode axis opposed to the cathode. The anode has stub axle sections rotatably carried in heat conducting bearing plates which are mounted by thermoelectric coolers to bellows which normally bias the bearing plates to a retracted position spaced from opposing anode side faces. The bellows cooperate with the x-ray source mounting structure for forming closed passages for heat transport fluid. Flow of such fluid under pressure expands the bellows and brings the bearing plates into heat conducting contact with the anode side faces. A worm gear is mounted on a shaft and engages serrations in the anode periphery for rotating the anode when flow of coolant is terminated between x-ray emission events.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope is formed with a portion of larger diameter and tubular portions extending along the axis on both sides of the portion of larger diameter in opposite directions. A target with a rotatable anode is arranged in the portion of larger diameter. A pair of shafts arranged on the tube axis and fixed on both sides of this target are arranged in the tubular portions. Each shaft has at least one flange of insulating material on the side facing the target and on its periphery is provided with a metal tube constituting a rotor of a magnetic bearing. On the outermost side of the tubular portion there are arranged a magnetic field generating device and a magnetic drive device that rotates the rotatable anode target.

Abstract: An x-ray tube device with an anode target capable of rotation and a cathode which generates electrons causing them to collide with the target set in a vacuum envelope, and with a shaft which supports and rotates the anode projecting outside the envelope. This x-ray tube device has a structure such that the target is cooled by coolant flowing through coolant channels in the shaft. A vacuum seal is maintained by seal means such as magnetic fluid seal between the envelope and the rotating shaft. The envelope and coolant channels are best maintained at ground potential, and thus have an intermediate potential, with high positive and negative voltages supplied to the anode target and cathode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray tube with a rotary anode and to a process for fixing a rotary anode to a support shaft contained in such a tube. The rotary anode is fixed to the support shaft with the aid of a deformed element, positioned between the rotary anode and the support shaft, concentrically to the latter, and acting in the manner of a stuffing box.

Abstract: A rotary anode X-ray tube has an anode connected at one end of a shaft which is magnetically mounted within the X-ray tube at its opposite end, the shaft simultaneously forming a rotor connected to a drive system for rotating the anode. The X-ray tube housing is formed by a number of connected components, two such components being spaced at opposite ends of the rotor, with the rotor extending therethrough, and each having stop bearings which are normally not in contact with the rotor, but which serve to limit movement of the rotor and the anode connected thereto, in the event of a malfunction in the magnetic mounting. Integration of the anode shaft and the drive rotor enable placement of the stop bearings at locations which minimize the lever action of the rotor-shaft-anode combination thereby significantly improving stability of the total assembly.

Abstract: The method provides an X-ray tube rotary anode by increasing the thickness of a thin, highly deformed anode disc to the desired value by deposition of a layer, consisting mainly of molybdenum, by means of thermal spraying. The method provides an X-ray rotary anode which has the attractive properties of a highly deformed anode disc and which also has a large diameter which cannot be obtained by means of the high-speed deformation impact process due to the maximum applicable thickness-diameter ratio.

Abstract: A method for the diffusion bonding of a graphite member to a metallic surface as part of a composite rotary anode for an X-ray tube is set forth. In the completed structure a compound laminate separating and metallurgically bonded to the graphite member and to the metallic surface consists of, in sequence, a layer comprising carbide of vanadium and of a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, a layer of metal selected from the group consisting of vanadium and vanadium alloys, a zone of interdiffused metals comprising platinum and vanadium and then a continuous layer comprising platinum or platinum alloy.

Abstract: An X-ray tube including a tubular envelope having rotatably mounted therein an anode target disc provided with an annular focal track made of X-ray emissive material having an atomic number greater than forty and coated with a heat absorbent layer having a thickness in the range of 2 to 50 micrometers and made of an elemental or a compound material, comprising one or more elements having respective atomic numbers no greater than thirty.

Abstract: An all metal and ceramic high vacuum rotary anode x-ray tube adapted for mounting on a gantry of a rotational type CT scanner. The evacuated region where x-rays are generated is maintained at about 10.sup.-7 Torr. Vacuum sealing about the rotating shaft of the anode is provided by a magnetic fluid. No bearings are utilized within the evacuated region. Large, long wearing ball bearings that transmit rotation through the vacuum seal are provided about the shaft outside of the high vacuum region where conventional lubricants may be applied. Circulating coolant is applied internally through the anode assuring continual operation of the tube without the need for frequent cool-down waits. A preferred embodiment discloses a modified path in the rotor for the coolant designed to disturb the conventional laminar type of flow which is heat transfer inefficient to one characterized by high turbulence resulting in approximately an order of magnitude improvement in the coefficient of heat transfer.

Abstract: Rotating anode x-ray generating apparatus including a mechanism which utilizes the rotational motion of the anode (20) to increase the effective rate of coolant with respect to the anode heat exchange surface (43).

Abstract: In a composite anode structure having a refractory metal portion with a graphite portion attached thereto, an intersparsed zirconium brazing layer is isolated from the graphite material by a thin layer of platinum to thereby prevent the formation of embrittling carbides when the combination is raised to operating temperatures. The platinum is mechanically bonded to the graphite, and the zirconium is diffusion bonded to both the molybdenum portion and the platinum layer to form a high-strength, lasting bond.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a rotating anode x-ray source assembly which is particularly adapted for effecting high x-ray emission from a conventional x-ray source for use in replicating VLSI circuits, and comprises a rotatable anode target ring, cooling water flow channels dispose adjacent the target ring for cooling the target ring during operation, an E-beam directed to a spot on the target ring towards the periphery thereof, the cooling water flow channel being constructed and arranged so that on a transverse plane with respect to the axis of rotation all diametrically opposed points on any diameter have the same cooling water density, thereby dynamically balancing the anode under all thermal conditions.

Abstract: An x-ray tube anode formed of a dispersion-strengthened molybdenum alloy which is not compatible with a stem of a different material for purposes of diffusion bonding, includes an integral core insert composed of a substantially pure molybdenum alloy. The insert is compatible with both the adjoining materials and allows for a diffusion bonding of the anode to the stem.

Abstract: A tungsten focal track is placed on a graphite substrate in such a manner as to reduce off focal spot radiation while maintaining a fixed focal spot size. The radial width of the focal tract is made smaller than that of the electron beam from the cathode such that the electron beam overlap will allow for misalignments between the electron beam and the focal track without affecting the focal spot size or location.

Abstract: A layer of W or of a W-alloy is provided on a forged supporting member of an X-ray rotary anode by plasma spraying. By carrying out the plasma spraying at reduced pressure, a layer is obtained which is suitable as a target layer for X-ray rotary anodes.

Abstract: The invention provides a rotary anode which has a graphite body having a plurality of radial slits and a target layer adhered to the upper surface of the graphite body. The target layer is a single layer of tungsten or a tungsten alloy, or a composite layer consisting of the single layer and a molybdenum layer. In the manufacturing process and in use of the rotary anode, a thermal stress which occurs in the graphite body is decreased, thus preventing cracking of the graphite body. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the rotary anode.

Abstract: An anode target comprises a copper block having different elemental target materials bonded to segments of the circumference, which rotate past the electron emitting cathode, to provide different emission lines in sequence. Aluminum and silicon target materials produce lines which bracket the aluminum absorption edge, to detect small amounts of aluminum in the presence of other absorbing materials by differential absorption of these two lines. Silver and rhodium may be used to bracket the chlorine absorption edge.

Abstract: In an x-ray source having a cathode emitting electron beams (15, 16) bombarding inner surfaces of an inverted conical anode target cooled by flowing water on its exterior, providing in place of the apex (14b) of the conical anode (34) a rearwardly facing upstream cylindrical extension (34b) which insures against apex tip burn-out by extending the cooling structure, area and mass to an upstream position to further dissipate heat energy flux generated by impingement of the electron beam. Portions functioning to effectively cool the anode target extend into non-beam illuminating regions of the target anode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anode disc for a rotary-anode X-ray tube which consists of a rotationally-symmetrical body of molybdenum and a corresponding body of graphite. The connection zone between the two bodies is smaller than the inner diameter of the focal path. Thanks to this construction the connection zone between the two bodies will not be thermally overloaded.

Abstract: There is disclosed a rotating anode for use in X-ray tubes having a basic member made of a carbonaceous molybdenum alloy, such as TZM, and a focal path, that is a cathode path, of tungsten or a tungsten alloy, the surface of the basic member outside the focal path being coated at least partially with one or more oxides or a mixture of one or more metals and one or more oxides and having a 10 to 200 .mu.m thick layer of molybdenum and/or tungsten disposed between the surface of the basic member and the coating thereon of oxides or mixture of metal and oxides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rotary anode for an X-ray tube which comprises an anode body formed of graphite, a preformed sheet formed of rhenium and bonded to the top surface of the anode body, and a target layer formed of tungsten or an alloy thereof and bonded to the top surface of the preformed sheet. This rotary anode may further comprise a preformed plate formed of molybdenum and interposed between and bonded to the preformed sheet and the target layer. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the rotary anode.

Abstract: A metal nut for clamping a metal or nonmetal x-ray target to a metal anode stem or a rotating anode x-ray tube. The nut body is basically circular and has an axial threaded hole. The body has an axially extending cylindrical portion that is contiguous with a generally convex portion on one side of the cylindrical portion and is concave on the other side. The concavity is surrounded by an annular land for transmitting compressive force to the target. A cross-section of the nut simulates a beam that is thickest axially adjacent the central threaded hole and decreases in thickness symmetrically radially away from the center so it will flex when tightened at room temperature and have residual force stored when hot to compensate the metals for thermal creep.

Abstract: In exemplary embodiments, the anode is driven by an induction motor, between the stator and rotor of which the wall of the vacuum envelope of the tube is disposed. To reduce the overall length and the lever actions of the weight of the anode which act on the bearing which are disadvantageous in this construction, the disclosure provides an annular anode which is disposed in the same plane with the drive rotor. The rotor and stator can here be surrounded by the ring of the anode or they can be secured externally about the latter. X-ray tubes in accordance with the disclosure are particularly suited for use for the purpose of medical x-ray examination.

Abstract: A layer of pyrolytic graphite is deposited on the surface of the basic body of the anode of a rotary-anode X-ray tube. On the layer of pyrolytic graphite there is provided a further layer of a high-melting metal on the surface of which the focal path extends during operation of the tube. A basic body which has substantially all advantages of the pyrolytic graphite but whose manufacture is much simpler, faster and hence also more economical than an equivalent carrier body comprising a ring of solid, thick-walled pyrolytic graphite, is obtained in that the basic body consists of a lamination of graphite foils at least in the region beneath the focal path.

Abstract: The invention relates to anodes for X-ray tubes and a method of producing same. Several layers are deposited one after another onto a substrate by means of chemical vapour deposition. The proposed combination of layers results in a proper bond to the substrate. The combination comprises a first layer of molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy; a second layer of a tungsten-molybdenum alloy and a third layer of tungsten or a tungsten alloy. The composition of the second layer varies over its thickness.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments produce successive x-ray beams with different wavelengths and may comprise a rotating anode whose anode body has x-ray generating parts of different materials. Heretofore, the x-rays arising at the parts have been conducted through filters outside the tube which, synchronously moved, are allocated to the parts of the rotating anode. Since, however, the allocation of the filters to the parts of the anode is difficult in such a subsequent synchronization, according to the disclosure a fixed allocation ensues in that the filters are incorporated into the tube and are integrated in the rotation of the anode. To that end, they are designed as walls lying at right angles in the discharge path of the x-rays and are rigidly connected to the shaft of the anode arrangement. Such x-ray tubes are particularly suitable as a radiation source for employment in medical x-ray diagnostics.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, the rotary anode is mounted by magnetic bearings and is provided with an auxiliary device for conducting the anode current to the external power supply. The auxiliary device comprises at least one auxiliary cathode which rotates with the anode and an auxiliary anode which is arranged concentrically to the anode rotary axis on a stationary part. The heating of the auxiliary cathodes can proceed via generator windings which rotate with the rotary anode and associated stationary exciting windings arranged about the x-ray tube. It is also possible to provide for this purpose a rotating transformer whose primary windings externally annularly surrounds the x-ray tube and whose secondary winding is arranged on a rotating anode part.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, an anode assembly is magnetically mounted free of contact. In order to carry off the anode current, on a part rotating with the anode assembly, an auxiliary cathode is arranged opposite which a stationary auxiliary anode is disposed. The auxiliary cathode is an oxide cathode which is centrically arranged on the rotary anode assembly and opposite which a stationary heater is disposed.

Abstract: A graphite disc assembly for a rotating x-ray tube embodying a graphite substrate and an anode target of either tungsten or tungsten rhenium joined thereto by a layer of rhodium, osmium, ruthenium, platinum, platinum-chromium, or palladium. .Iadd.

Abstract: A composite substrate for use in a rotating x-ray anode tube consists of a graphite member joined to another member to which a target anode is affixed.

Abstract: A composite target for an X-ray tube has a graphite substrate portion and a metal portion, the two portions being bonded together by successive interspersed layers of platinum and tantalum. The platinum layer is disposed between the graphite substrate portion and the tantalum layer. The tantalum layer acts to bond the metal portion to the platinum layer and also acts as an isolator to prevent the formation of carbides by migration through the bonding layers.