Abstract: Nuclear gauges and method of configuration and methods of calibrations of the nuclear gauges are provided. The nuclear gauges are used in measuring the density and/or moisture of construction-related materials. The nuclear gauge can include a gauge housing having a vertical cavity therethrough and at least one radiation detector located within the housing. The nuclear gauge can include a vertically moveable source rod and a radiation source operatively positioned within a distal end of the source rod.

Abstract: The management system of the X-ray detectors according to the embodiments detects X-rays irradiated from the X-ray generator when X-ray imaging is carried out, and includes an inspection unit and a validity period setting unit. The inspection unit inspects at least one of performance, function, and operation of an actual operation state of the X-ray detector. The validity period setting unit sets a validity period which is a criterion for determining whether the inspection results inspected are valid or not. The system is configured that the X-ray imaging is not performed on a subject when the inspection results are determined to be invalid based on the validity period.

Abstract: A method for producing an X-ray projection image of a body region of a patient using a desired spatial location of a central ray, includes positioning a pointing element relative to the patient indicating a location of a pointing line and causing the location of the pointing line to coincide with the desired central ray location. A pointing line location and a central ray location currently set on an X-ray machine are recorded. A measure for deviation between the pointing line and the currently set central ray location is determined and used to set the desired central ray location. A medical apparatus includes an X-ray machine taking an X-ray projection image along a central ray, a pointing element indicating a pointing line, an acquisition unit detecting the pointing line location and the currently set central ray location, and a control and evaluation unit implementing software carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for energy calibrating quantum-counting x-ray detectors in an x-ray installation including at least two x-ray systems turnable around a center of rotation. A target, for producing x-ray fluorescence radiation, is positioned between the first x-ray source and first x-ray detector and irradiated with x-radiation of the first x-ray source in such a way that x-ray fluorescence radiation which strikes the second x-ray detector from the target is produced by the x-radiation of the first x-ray source. The second x-ray detector is then energy calibrated by way of the x-ray fluorescence radiation of the target. The first x-ray detector can be energy calibrated in the same way with the aid of the x-radiation of the second x-ray source. With the proposed method, the x-ray detectors of a dual-source CT x-ray installation can be calibrated with little expenditure under conditions close to those of the system.

Abstract: A system and method for nodule boundary visualization superimposed on a scan image, including generating phantom image measurements of at least one synthetic calibration object in relation to a body to calibrate a scanner; acquiring a first image of a nodule on the calibrated scanner; computing and marking a boundary on the image; displaying the first image with the boundary superimposed over the first image; presenting the initial boundary to a user for modification where the user can add one or more modification points to the image to create a modified boundary that is encompassed by the one or more modification points; once the user has marked the one or more modification points on the image, computing an updated boundary that adapts to include the new points.

Abstract: A method includes identifying at least first and second angles of rotation of the rotating gantry at which first and second pre-scans are acquired, wherein the first and the angles of rotation are different angles, acquiring data, via the imaging system while rotating the rotating gantry, only during a predetermined angular range about the first angle of rotation for a first plurality of rotations from the start to the end pre-scan positions and during the predetermined angular range about the second angle of rotation for a second plurality of rotations from the start to the end pre-scan positions, and reconstructing a first pre-scan based only on the data acquired during the predetermined angular range about the first angle of rotation and a second pre-scan based only on the data acquired during the predetermined angular range about the second angle of rotation.

Abstract: A method for correcting erroneous intensity measurements caused by defective pixels of the detector for a single-crystal X-ray diffraction system uses collected diffraction images and a defective pixel list to modify three-dimensional reflection profiles by replacing profile elements affected by the defective pixels with corresponding profile elements from a model profile. Reflection positions on the detector are predicted using an orientation matrix for the crystal and a three-dimensional observed profile is constructed for each reflection. A model profile is constructed using normalized profile data from multiple reflection profiles. The observed profiles are compared with the defective pixel list to determine which profile elements are affected by defective pixels, and those elements are replaced by corresponding elements from the model profile.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for correcting a focus of a CT device are provided. The method includes: calculating a total focus shift according to scanning data; and correcting, when the CT device is running, a deflection of an electron beam emitted from a ray source of the CT device, based on the total focus shift. The device includes: a shift calculation module, configured to calculate a total focus shift according to scanning data; and a shift correction module, configured to correct, when the CT device is running, a deflection of an electron beam emitted from a ray source of the CT device, based on the total focus shift.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for use in HVL measurement as well as methods of making measurements. One version of the apparatus is a cage structure having a central axis and a central opening defined by a filter encircling the central axis, with the filter having a thickness that varies peripherally around said central axis. The filter can be formed from multiple spaced-apart plates having varying thicknesses or can be formed from a cylinder having a continuously increasing thickness.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a monitoring system for a medical device, wherein the medical device comprises a robot and an image recording part which can be moved by the robot. Provision is made for a radiation source which is attached to the medical device, and for a radiation receiver which is situated remotely from the medical device and is for receiving radiation that is emitted from the radiation source. A comparison entity compares the point of impact of radiation on the radiation receiver with one or more predetermined points of impact of radiation on the radiation receiver. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for monitoring a medical device.

Abstract: A system for determining the position of an X-ray imaging apparatus mounted on an automatic mobile device is provided. The system comprises at least one mechanical link jointed to a reference point and to the X-ray imaging apparatus, and at least one measuring device configured to measure a variation of rotation angles of the at least one mechanical link relative to the reference point and to the X-ray imaging apparatus when moved.

Abstract: The invention relates to Method for detecting a phantom, comprising the steps of: arranging a phantom (20) with respect to an object, the phantom (20) comprising a plurality of first calibration fiducials (Mi1, Mi2, Mi3) in a first plane, acquiring at least one image of said object by means of an x-ray apparatus (3), such that the image contains projections of the object as well as projections (IMi1, IMi2, IMi3) of at least three first calibration fiducials (Mi1, Mi2, Mi3), detecting the projections (IMi1, IMi2, IMi3) of the at least three first calibration fiducials (Mi1, Mi2, Mi3) in said at least one image, and establishing a correspondence between the 2D image coordinates (lx, ly) of said projections (IMi1, IMi2, IMi3) of the at least three first calibration fiducials (Mi1, Mi2, Mi3) and the 3D coordinates (x, y, z) of said at least three first calibration fiducials (Mi1, Mi2, Mi3) in a local coordinate system of the phantom (20) for computing the projection matrix (P) or at least an element of the projec

Abstract: Dosimetrical end-to-end quality assurance devices, systems, and methods for radiation devices using X-ray imaging, optical surface imaging, and electromagnetic navigational systems to position the quality assurance device either absolute or relative in space.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a first threshold voltage that is a reference of X-ray detection for each unit cell of a plurality of unit cells of an X-ray detector may comprise detecting an X-ray by using a plurality of second threshold voltages for each of a plurality of X-rays having spectra at different energy levels; determining a correspondence relationship between energies having a maximum intensity in the spectra of X-rays and third threshold voltages at which a maximum number of photons having a same energy intensity are detected; and/or calibrating the first threshold voltage based on the determined correspondence relationship.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for evaluating a local density profile in a carbon/carbon material and a method for producing a standard density test block capable of quantitatively evaluating the density profile in the carbon/carbon material, wherein the method for evaluating the density profile includes a first step of preparing a standard density test block to be inserted in the carbon/carbon material, wherein the standard density test block is produced by using the same type of material as the carbon/carbon material and thereafter inserted in the carbon/carbon material, a second step of radiating X-rays onto the carbon/carbon material having the standard density test block inserted so as to obtain and correct computed tomographic image, and a third step of measuring a physical density by use of a linear attenuation coefficient of the computed tomographic image, whereby the local density profile can accurately be evaluated by use of a nondestructive testing and additionally such method can be utilized as an excelle

Abstract: An X-ray detector is disclosed, including a detection unit to generate a detection signal for incident X-ray radiation; a signal analysis module to determine a set of count rates for incident X-ray radiation based upon the detection signal and signal analysis parameters for X-ray radiation; and a switchover control unit for switching between first signal analysis parameters and second signal analysis parameters. When an amount of X-ray radiation is incident on the detection module, a first set of count rates is generated for a first time interval based upon first signal analysis parameters and a second set of count rates is generated for a second time interval based upon second signal analysis parameters, different from the first signal analysis parameters. An X-ray imaging system including the detector; a method for determining count rates for X-ray radiation; and a method for calibrating signal analysis parameters are also disclosed.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter describes a novel technique to measure the beam profile using an area detector. In one embodiment, a set of one-dimensional beam profile measurements is performed by taking two images under the same source conditions but at two different positions of the detector, with each position of the detector shifted by a certain distance in the direction corresponding to the direction of the one-dimensional profile measurement. In further embodiments, a set of two-dimensional beam profile measurements is achieved by determining a second set of one-dimensional profiles from the same sampling points in a second direction and building a two-dimensional map of the beam profile by correlating the first one-dimensional profile measurement with the second one-dimensional profile measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method corrects line deficiency in radiographic systems. A Fourier transform element provides a one-dimensional Fourier transform on a line orthogonal to a line of a moire patterns appearing in an X-ray image during a use. A peak frequency detection element detects the peak frequency indicating the spatial frequency of the moire pattern on the basis of the results of one-dimensional Fourier transform. The detected peak frequency is transformed to a number of pixels in 1 cycle of the moire pattern by a pixel cycle conversion element. The line deficiency correction element obtains pixels of the same phase as the line deficiency pixel in the moire pattern from the number of pixels, and then corrects the line deficiency pixel by using the pixel value thereof. Since the number of pixels in 1-cycle is acquired from the moire pattern in the X-ray image, the line deficiency can be corrected.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system includes a plurality of electronic cassettes having FPDs. One of the plural electronic cassettes for use in imaging is selected by input operation. Control is performed in a first mode operation being normal for the electronic cassette selected in the selecting step. Control is performed in a second mode operation being auxiliary of which driving power is lower than in the first mode operation for one of the electronic cassettes in an unselected state in the selecting step. Assuming that irradiation of the radiation is detected in the second mode operation, error information is displayed in relation to selecting the electronic cassette in the selecting step. For example, the first and second mode operations are pixel reset in which charge stored in pixels are swept in an FPD.

Abstract: Provided are methods of aging an x-ray generator having carbon nanotube electron emitters. The method of aging an x-ray generator that includes a cathode, a gate electrode, and an anode, includes applying a desired, or alternatively predetermined anode voltage to the anode, and applying a direct current pulse voltage to the gate electrodes to emit electrons from electron emitters. The method further includes maintaining an anode current formed by electrons generated from the electron emitters constant.

Abstract: A digital radiographic detector uses predetermined calibration information corresponding to a first operating temperature of the detector. The calibration data is accessible by the detector to compensate a radiographic image captured by the detector at a second operating temperature different than the first operating temperature. The operating temperature of the detector is monitored at approximately the time at which the radiographic image is captured at the second temperature.

Abstract: A method of operating a radiotherapy system, comprising: receiving a treatment plan to be carried out using the radiotherapy system; detecting if there is a fault in a component of the radiotherapy system; determining whether the component is needed for delivery of the treatment plan; and if the component is not needed for delivery of the treatment plan, allowing the radiotherapy system to execute the treatment plan.

Abstract: A cassette holder of an imaging stand is provided with first and second catch members for catching and holding an electronic cassette from above and below. The first catch member has a multi connector connected to a multi terminal of the electronic cassette. The multi connector is offset with respect to a center line of an imaging surface of the cassette holder. The multi terminal is offset with respect to a center line of an irradiation surface of the electronic cassette in the same direction by the same amount as those of the multi connector. In a state where said electronic cassette mounted on a tray is loaded into the cassette holder, the center line of the irradiation surface coincides with the center line of the imaging surface.

Abstract: Among other things, one or more techniques and/or systems for correcting projection data representative of an object under examination to account for drift in a radiation system are provided. System drift is measured by performing a drift calibration on the radiation system. During the drift calibration, a temperature of the radiation system is measured and one or more calibration tables, such as an air table and/or offset table, are corrected based upon the measured temperature to derive a theoretical projection (e.g., indicative of measurements that are expected to be acquired from the radiation system during the drift calibration). The theoretical projection is compared to an actual projection acquired during the drift calibration to measure a degree of drift. Based upon the measured degree of drift, one or more correction factors are determined to correct and/or otherwise adjust for system drift in a projection respective of the object.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for reducing image artifacts in X-ray image data includes dividing pixels of X-ray image data into a plurality of pixel value regions based on a pixel value of each pixel, wherein each pixel value region has a different range of pixel values. The method also includes generating calibrated X-ray image data for each pixel value region, wherein the respective calibrated X-ray image data for each pixel value region is generated using a different dose of radiation. Further, the method includes calculating a gain slope for each pixel value region based on the calibrated X-ray image data, and calculating a pixel gain correction for the pixels of the X-ray image data based on at least one of the calculated gain slopes.

Abstract: A method and device for real-time mechanical and dosimetric quality assurance measurements in radiation therapy provides a unified measurement of mechanical motion and radiation components of the machine. The device includes an imaging surface for receiving multiple energy sources. The imaging surface has an imaging plane positioned on a same plane as an isocenter of a medical accelerator. A camera measures and records data related to the multiple energy sources. A mirror system can be used to direct the multiple energy sources to the camera for further processing. However, in some instances the mirror system may not be necessary. The device can also include computer control in order to automate the movement of the device and/or automation of the QA protocol. The device can also be used in executing a method for assessing gantry and collimator rotation.

Abstract: An X-ray facility has at least one x-ray emitter, an x-ray detector and an isocenter arranged along a central beam path between the x-ray emitter and the x-ray detector. The x-ray emitter and the x-ray detector are arranged on separate support arms. At least one rotary device is provided on each support arm, by way of which the x-ray emitter or the x-ray detector can be rotated about an axis of rotation intersecting the isocenter and not corresponding to the central beam. Wherein the axes of rotation match rotary devices assigned to one another on different support arms.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a 3D image dataset of an object of interest is proposed. A plurality of 2D X-ray images are captured and a 3D reconstruction is carried out using filtered back projection. The projection parameters have been measured with the aid of a calibrating phantom, possibly using an interpolation or extrapolation of such measurements. A model of effect strings of the components in an X-ray imaging device is obtained, and the model parameters are identified based on imaging of a calibrating phantom. A projection matrix can then be calculated for any positions on any desired trajectories, without having to use imaging of a calibrating phantom at precisely that position and desired trajectory.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus is provided. The X-ray imaging apparatus comprises an imaging assembly mounted on a rotary arm, the imaging assembly comprising an X-ray source and an X-ray detector coupled to the rotary arm so that X-rays emitted by the X-ray source are incidental to the X-ray detector. The X-ray imaging apparatus further comprises a first vibration measurement device coupled to the X-ray source and a second vibration measurement device coupled to the X-ray detector, and a first actuator and a second actuator configured to move the X-ray source and the X-ray detector to suppress at least one component of the vibrations measured by the first and second vibration measurement devices.

Abstract: A method for correcting erroneous intensity measurements caused by defective pixels of the detector for a single-crystal X-ray diffraction system uses collected diffraction images and a defective pixel list to modify three-dimensional reflection profiles by replacing profile elements affected by the defective pixels with corresponding profile elements from a model profile. Reflection positions on the detector are predicted using an orientation matrix for the crystal and a three-dimensional observed profile is constructed for each reflection. A model profile is constructed using normalized profile data from multiple reflection profiles. The observed profiles are compared with the defective pixel list to determine which profile elements are affected by defective pixels, and those elements are replaced by corresponding elements from the model profile.

Abstract: An apparatus or method for providing information about an object from x-ray radiation transmitted through the object. An embodiment comprises an x-ray source (10) positioned on one side of an object (50) an x-ray detector (102) positioned on the opposite side, and means for computing two or more information signals, which are substantially the line integrals of the basis set coefficients of the x-ray attenuation coefficient from the x-ray photons transmitted through said object at three or more regions of the x-ray energy spectrum. In one embodiment the means for computing the two or more information signals comprises a linear maximum likelihood estimator (122), a correction processor (142) to compute a correction to the linear maximum likelihood estimate (132), and an adder (152) to add the estimate and the correction to produce the two or more information signals (154).

Abstract: The current invention is generally related to an image processing method and system for substantially reducing ring artifacts. Using the attenuation data, the ring artifacts are substantially prevented based upon two-step process, and the second ring artifact reduction step removes the undesirable rings based upon previously determined statistical data including mean and standard deviation.

Abstract: A source-side radiation detector (SSRD) includes a detector module assembly, and a monitoring lens coupled to the detector module assembly, the detector module assembly and the monitoring lens being positioned proximate to an x-ray source, the monitoring lens including a plurality of slits configured to receive x-rays therethrough from the x-ray source, the detector module assembly being configured detect the x-rays transmitted through the slits and to generate information to track a position of a focal spot of the x-ray source.

Abstract: A test phantom for tomographic imaging, the phantom comprising an assembly of elementary structures defining a 3D mesh, wherein each elementary structure comprises a chief constituent material corresponding to an X-ray attenuation simulating a glandularity, wherein the elementary structures are in at least two types of chief constituent materials corresponding to different X-ray attenuations.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and computer program product for calibrating a CT scan without the use of an external calibration phantom, to enable quantitative assessment of internal body tissues and organs and additionally for any application that would benefit from a calibration of the scan attenuation data, such as viewing CT images in a consistent fashion. Embodiments are described with applications to quantitative assessment of bone density in the spine and hip, mineral content in blood vessels, hepatic-fat content in the liver, and gray-to-white matter ratio in the brain. The primary advantages of the method are that it does not require the use of an external calibration phantom, it is robust across different CT machines and scanner settings, and it is also highly precise, lending itself to a high degree of automation.

Abstract: In a method, with a current measurement, the history of the radiation exposure of the X-ray detector is taken into account with respect to the overall X-ray detector or subareas of the X-ray detector, in respect of a reduction in the measurement sensitivity produced as a result and a recovery of the reduction in the measurement sensitivity, and the determined measuring signal is corrected with a correction factor which is dependent on the history of the radiation exposure. Furthermore, an X-ray recording system includes a detector which includes a plurality of detector elements, which are read out in groups channel by channel and a read-out apparatus with computer-assisted device for correcting read-out detector data prior to a further processing of the detector data to form projective or tomographic images.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dynamically calibrating a computed-tomography (CT) scanner that includes a rotating X-ray source and a plurality of stationary energy-discriminating detectors configured to capture incident X-ray photons emitted from the X-ray source. A bowtie filter with a unique geometry and material composition is used to generate reference beams of a desired intensity. The apparatus includes a processor that is configured to remove a scattering background based on data obtained from the reference beams and compute a change in a predetermined calibration function.

Abstract: An apparatus for calibrating an x-ray computed tomography device has a plurality of objects formed from a material that is visible to x-rays, and a base at least in part fixedly supporting the plurality of objects so that each of the plurality of objects contacts at least one of the other objects. Each one of the plurality of objects: 1) is configured to receive x-rays without changing shape, 2) has substantially the same shape and size as the other objects, 3) has an attenuation value to x-rays (“object attenuation value”), and 4) is symmetrically shaped relative to its center point. Like the objects, the base also has an attenuation value to x-rays (the “base attenuation value”). The object attenuation value is greater than the base attenuation. Each of the plurality of objects is kinematically locked in place on the base.

Abstract: This invention relates in general to the determination of silicon levels in fuel mixtures, such as petroleum products. More particularly, the present invention relates to compositions for use as standards in an x-ray analyzer for the measurement of silicon in various fuel mixtures, and to methods of using these compositions.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an end-of-life detection unit in an X-ray diagnostic apparatus is configured to detect an end of life of a detector on the basis of an output value in an X-ray image, and includes: a luminance-level-value computation unit configured to calculate an amount of X-ray irradiation of the detector on the basis of the output value in an area of interest which is set on any one of the X-ray image and the detector; an irradiation-amount accumulation unit configured to calculate an accumulated amount of irradiation in the area of interest by adding the amount of X-ray irradiation calculated by the luminance-level-value computation unit to a previous amount of X-ray irradiation in the area of interest; and an end-of-life judgment unit configured to make a judgment on the end of life of the detector on the basis of the accumulated amount of irradiation.

Abstract: In a radiographic system and a radiographic image generating method that generate a phase contrast image and an absorption image of an subject, the absorption image in which density irregularity is removed or reduced is generated on the basis of a plurality of pieces of image data obtained for generating the phase contrast image.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems described herein implement, among other things, a parabolic curve for a ramp signal in a data acquisition component, where the curve can be effectively calibrated and used to provide a settling period to mitigate noise. That is, a ramp generator can generate a ramp signal that has a parabolic voltage curve with two substantially mirroring halves. A comparator can compare a first portion of the parabolic voltage curve with a voltage signal indicative of a number of photons detected by a detection array. A second portion of the parabolic voltage curve is used as a temporal delay so that circuitry, such as the ramp generator, can settle.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a mobile X-ray unit. The mobile X-ray unit may include an X-ray applicator for emitting an X-ray beam for irradiating an object. The mobile X-ray unit may further include a phantom-based dosimetry system configured to perform a dosimetry check of the X-ray beam. The phantom-based dosimetry system may include two sets of dose meters, each set being positioned on a surface at a distinct depth. The mobile X-ray unit may also include a dosimetry control unit configured to receive measurements from the two sets of dose meters and determine whether the dosimetry check is passed based on the measurements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a test body for checking the transmission properties of volume tomographs, in particular radiological tomographs, which comprises several plates (2) that are connected to form a stack, in which adjacent plates (2) contact each other and said body comprises spheres (4) made of at least one material that is different from the plates (2) and having different diameters, wherein the respective spheres (4) are arranged in and/or between at least some of the plates (2), and wherein on/in the test body, preferably in the stack, at least one rod-shaped hollow profile, in particular at least one pipe having a circular cross section, is arranged. The invention further relates to a method for checking the transmission properties of a tomograph using such a test body (1).

Abstract: A device for planning an irradiation is provided. The device includes an evaluation module with an input for receiving input data, a memory and an output for outputting determined output data. The evaluation module is designed for using the input data that includes the type and number of the imaging units present, variables characterizing the tumor and/or variables characterizing the patient, in order to determine the output data that includes the type of the imaging unit, the frequency of use of the imaging unit and/or the parameters for setting the imaging unit to be used in the form of an imaging plan with the aid of a functional relationship, which is based on experience, stored in the memory.

Abstract: Embodiments of radiographic imaging systems and/or methods can operate a digital radiography detector in a multiple modes, where characteristics such as an exposure integration time and dark images (e.g., number timing integration time, etc.) for first and second modes are different. The digital radiography detector can be coupled to a memory that can store a first set of one or more calibration maps for the first mode and a second set of one or more calibration maps for the second mode and a processor. In one embodiment, the processor can form a first calibration-corrected exposure image by modifying a first exposure image from the first mode using the first set of calibration maps and a second calibration-corrected exposure image by modifying a second exposure image from the second mode using the second set of calibration maps in combination with calibration maps for the first mode.

Abstract: Mammography-apparatus for detecting malignant cells in a breast, comprising an x-ray source and an x-ray detector that cooperates with the x-ray source for providing an x-ray image of said breast, and further comprising a paddle for flattening the breast by pressing it against said x-ray detector, and comprising a contact area measuring device for measuring a contact area between the breast and the paddle, wherein the contact area measuring device is embodied with at least a first laminate of an electrically insulating material and an electrically low resistance material, which first laminate is provided on a side of the paddle facing the breast, and wherein the electrically low resistance material is sandwiched between the paddle and the insulating material.

Abstract: A medical treatment or examination device includes at least one device component that may move relative to at least one other device component via a drive device. A measuring device is provided for detecting a load acting on the movable device component. The measuring device includes a support that bends due to the load. The support, at least in a bending region, has a section producing a magnetic field. The measuring device also includes at least one coil that is assigned to the section and in which the magnetic field undergoing a change as a result of bending due to a load induces an induction current that serves as measurement signal describing the load.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes an image data detecting unit that detects, as radiographic image data, charge information corresponding to applied radiation; a control unit that determines that radiation has been applied if a read value of the detected charge information is equal to or greater than a threshold value and controls the image data detecting unit to acquire radiographic image data corresponding to radiation that has passed through a subject; and a changing unit that changes the threshold value in accordance with temperature data of the image data detecting unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a parameter vector that includes a plurality of parameters of a detector pileup model of a photon-counting detector, the detector pileup model being used for pileup correction for a spectral computed-tomography scanner. The method includes setting values of the parameters, the parameters including a dead time parameter and individual probabilities of different pileup events, the probabilities including a probability of single photon events, a probability of double quasi-coincident photon events, and a probability of at least three quasi-coincident photon events. The method include determining, using (1) a detector response model, (2) an incident spectrum, and (3) the set values of the parameter vector, a plurality of component spectra, each component spectrum corresponding to one of the individual probabilities of the different pileup events, and summing the plurality of component spectra to generate an output spectrum.