Abstract: An adjustable tweeter assembly is provided to allow a tweeter to be directionally oriented to a selected position. The assembly includes a base, a bowl, and a cup, which are nested together so that the bowl is sandwiched between the base and the cup for movement therebetween. The tweeter is mounted in the bowl which can be rotated and pivoted relative to the cup and to the base. A fastener extends through the cup, the bowl, and the base, and through a leaf spring so as to provide a compressive or clamping force between the base, the bowl, and the cup. The tweeter is rotatable 360° and pivotal approximately 90°.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electronic apparatus of splittable type comprising at least two speaker portions, the two speaker portions are connected by electro-wires, wherein in one speaker portion is provided a winding mechanism for pulling-out and retracting-in the electro-wires; each of the speaker portions has a voice chamber, and the voice chambers in the two speaker portions have the different shapes from but substantially the same volumes as each other.

Abstract: In one aspect, a boot located inside a mobile device holds a microphone. The boot has a straight, front chamber section whose mouth is aligned (vertically and horizontally) with a microphone-associated, acoustic case opening in a sidewall of the outer housing of the device. In another aspect, the front chamber section is defined by a front sidewall on whose outer surface a circumferential rib is formed. This portion of the boot sidewall is disposed within a tube section (which may be formed in the sidewall of the device's outer case), to form an acoustic seal around the mouth of the boot. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A line array speaker provides highly uniform frequency response throughout a wide listening field, while also reducing distortion and improving fidelity, clarity, and output level. In a symmetrical embodiment, central apertures are straddled by a sequential pairs of sets of apertures. The straddling pairs emit frequencies in the next lower frequency band relative to the frequency band of the immediately preceding frequency band apertures. In an asymmetrical embodiment, sequential frequency bands are emitted by adjacent sets of apertures rather than straddling pairs of sets of apertures. Each of the apertures may be a loudspeaker cone, one or more straight slots, one or more arbitrarily curved slots, one or more arbitrarily angled slots, one or more holes or the mouth of a horn. The speaker may have a front baffle which is a flat panel or multiple facets arranged in one or multiple recesses across a front of the speaker.

Abstract: A loudspeaker mounting assembly includes a frame, a sleeve, and a tilt-angle adjustment mechanism. The frame may include an outer frame, an inner frame rotatable about a frame axis relative to the outer frame, and a frame wall extending away from a rear side. The sleeve is coupled to the inner frame at a pivot axis and is tiltable to a plurality of tilt angles relative to the inner frame. The tilt-angle adjustment mechanism is engageable with the sleeve to enable selection of a desired tilt angle. A loudspeaker may be mounted to the sleeve such that the loudspeaker may be swiveled about the frame axis and tilted about the pivot axis.

Abstract: A rotary tweeter mounting arrangement used in a speaker assembly is disclosed to include a hollow holder member affixed to a T-iron of the speaker assembly and having a cup portion at the top, a semispherical carrier member rotatably supported on the cup portion of the hollow holder member, a circular spring plate mounted in a lower part inside the carrier member, a screw inserted through a center mounting hole of the circular spring plate and a center through hole of the semispherical carrier member to pivotally secure the semispherical carrier member to the hollow holder member, and a face panel fastened to the semispherical carrier member to hold a tweeter for allowing rotation of the tweeter with the face panel and the semispherical carrier member relative to the hollow base member.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise a battery charging jobsite audio unit that is particularly useful at construction and other jobsites are disclosed which provides important desirable features and functionality comprise a housing, at least one charger for charging a removable battery pack, an audio unit that includes a speaker system for providing substantially 360° sound, as well as subwoofer, a cord and plug for connecting the unit to a source of AC power, and circuitry for selectively applying power to the audio unit and the charger. The preferred and alternative embodiments also preferably have a unique protective frame structure that is connected to the housing of the unit.

Abstract: A speaker unit includes: a speaker that contains a magnet for vibrating a diaphragm to output sound; a speaker housing unit that houses the speaker so that the front of the diaphragm is exposed outside; an opening-and-closing unit that is attached to the speaker housing unit so that the opening-and-closing unit can both open, with respect to the speaker housing unit, to expose the front of the diaphragm outside and close to cover the front of the diaphragm; and a metallic component that is, when the opening-and-closing unit is closed with respect to the speaker housing unit, attracted to the magnet of the speaker to pull the opening-and-closing unit in a closing direction.

Abstract: An exemplary electronic device with a speaker includes a mounting plate, a speaker mounted on the mounting plate, two fasteners mounting the speaker, and a buffer washer squeezed between the mounting plate and the speaker. The buffer washer is capable of absorbing vibration of the speaker. Each of the fasteners includes a head portion and a post portion. The post portion is mounted on the mounting plate and is located outside the speaker. The head portion presses the speaker to abut against the buffer washer.

Abstract: Portable computer structures are provided. The portable computer structures may include speaker grill structures. A speaker grill structure may be formed by creating an array of small holes (perforations) in a portable computer housing structure such as a planar housing wall. A speaker may be mounted adjacent to the array of holes. The planar housing wall may be formed in a block of milled aluminum and may have a thickness of less than 1 mm. The speaker holes may have with small diameters without overly attenuating sound from a speaker.

Abstract: A display device includes a display unit, a sound unit, a speaker positioning mechanism and a speaker attaching mechanism. The display unit is configured to display images. The sound unit is configured to output audio. The sound unit has top and bottom left speakers and top and bottom right speakers. The speaker positioning mechanism is configured to detachably support the sound unit and move the sound unit away from and close to the display unit in a lateral direction of the display unit. The speaker attaching mechanism is configured to detachably couple the sound unit to upper and lower faces of the display unit.

Abstract: The invention involves a system and method for securing one or more loudspeakers to an overhead structure. The system includes up to six axes about which the speaker(s) can be rotated and/or traversed to provide the desired pan, tilt and rotational splay angle to the speaker.

Abstract: A Bluetooth earphone having a semi-automatic receiving function includes a housing, an earphone, a first flexible portion, a button, and a fastening mechanism. The housing has a receiving slot. The earphone is pivoted with the housing and received in the receiving slot that can be rotated to the outside of the housing. The first flexible portion located between the housing and the earphone provides a force to eject the earphone. The button is located on the housing and connected with the earphone. The fastening mechanism is located between the button and the housing to fasten the earphone in the receiving slot. The user presses the button to eject the earphone by utilizing the flexible force of the first flexible portion. Thereby, the earphone can be received in the housing to prevent the earphone from being broken due to the impacts of external forces.

Abstract: A vibration speaker for a portable electronic device is disclosed herein. The vibration speaker comprises a case. A loudspeaker member for generating a sound is contained in the case. The loudspeaker member comprises a frame, a magnet, a voice coil and a membrane. The voice coil is operable to generate a movement of the membrane vertically up and down when an electric current is applied to the voice coil and a magnetic field is formed by interaction between the voice coil and the magnet. The vibration speaker additionally comprises a vibration coil for generating a vibration. The vibration coil is positioned in relation to the magnet of the loudspeaker member such that the vibration coil is operable to generate a movement of the entire loudspeaker member vertically up and down when an electric current is applied to the vibration coil and a magnetic field is formed by interaction between the vibration coil and the magnet.

Abstract: An acoustic conversion device includes: a driving unit including magnets, a yoke, a coil, a vibrating portion, and an armature fixed to the yoke; a diaphragm unit including a holding frame fixed to the driving unit, with one face as a first-joint face jointed to the driving unit, and the other face as a second-joint face, a resin film adhered to the holding frame, a diaphragm held on the holding frame, and a beam portion propagating vibration from the vibrating portion to the diaphragm; and a storage unit including a case body for storing the driving unit and diaphragm unit; with the driving unit and diaphragm unit being stored in the case body, the case body being pressed against and deforming a sealing agent loaded in the second-joint face, from a side facing the second-joint face, thereby sealing each gap between the case body, cover body, and holding frame.

Abstract: A loudspeaker structure for an electronic device, comprising: a housing defining a frame portion, the frame portion comprises a front sound chamber and aback sound chamber; a loudspeaker secured within the frame portion; a speaker cover made of rubber materials and secured within the frame portion to seal the front sound chamber; a speaker seat made of rubber materials and secured within the frame portion to seal the back sound chamber; and a circuit board secured above the frame portion. The front sound chamber and the back sound chamber have comfortable tightness and ensure the sounds transmitting. Thereby, high quality sound is available.

Abstract: A speaker case is disclosed. The speaker case comprises a main member and a sound guiding member. The sound guiding member is connected to the main member via at least one connecting part to form an integrated structure. The at least one connecting part is capable of being a fulcrum for turning the main member or the sound guiding member, and for combining with the main member and the sound guiding member together.

Abstract: A loudspeaker module includes a housing having a plurality of side walls and a cover plate positioned over a top surface of the plurality of side walls, a bottom of the housing remaining open. A driver mounting plate is secured to the plurality of side walls and divides the housing into an upper compartment and a lower compartment, wherein the upper compartment is defined by an upper surface of the driver mounting plate, the plurality of side walls and the cover plate, and the lower compartment is defined by a lower surface of the driver mounting plate and the plurality of side walls. The bottom of the housing remains open to be ultimately closed off when the loudspeaker module is mounted to a supporting surface. At least one of the plurality of side walls includes an aperture linking the lower compartment to the external environment surrounding the housing. A driver is mounted to the driver mounting plate, the driver being positioned to fire into the lower compartment of the housing.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a speaker apparatus includes: a voice coil bobbin; and a diaphragm that is vibrated by the voice coil bobbin, the diaphragm including an edge portion at an outer circumference of the diaphragm, the edge portion including at least two ridge portions protruding forward.

Abstract: A speaker device having a speaker section firmly fixed to a stand section so the orientation of the speaker section relative to the stand section can be easily adjusted. The speaker device includes a speaker section, a stand section, and a fastening section for fastening the speaker section and the stand section to each other. The speaker section includes an engaging groove section, and a curved, contact receiving section which allows the angle of the speaker section relative to the stand section to be adjusted. The fastening section includes an engaging section engaging with the engaging groove section, and a screw thread section connected to the engaging section and engaging with a screw thread hole formed in the stand section. The fixation of the speaker section to the stand section can be adjusted by rotating the screw thread section to engage the screw thread section with the hole.

Abstract: Sideways-extending speaker apparatus and methods that include a speaker box that is adjustable to fit within given information handling system or electronic device chassis form factor constraints, while also being selectably extendable and expandable to provide increased speaker box volume to achieve improved sound quality performance both in terms of increased speaker spatial separation and wider dynamic range.

Abstract: An electronic device (100) having a speaker (30) located in a sealed and separate speaker enclosure is described. The electronic device includes a housing (20) having a cavity (22) receiving the speaker with at least one conductive post (342), a circuit board (70), and a cover (60) with at least one through hole (622). The cover is disposed between the housing and the circuit board. One end of the conductive post passes through the through holes and electronically connects the speaker to the circuit board.

Abstract: A rapid installation and detachment device for flush mounting speaker on ceiling or wall is composed of a hinge bracket, coil springs, gaiters, press fits, cushion springs and stop blocks. The above mechanisms are driven by the coil springs to rapidly and efficiently install a speaker on the hinge bracket. The detachment of the speaker never damages the surrounding surface material of the ceiling or wall. The device is applicable to all kinds of surface materials with different thickness.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a speaker/bracket assembly. The speaker/bracket assembly comprises a speaker and a bracket for supporting the speaker thereon. The speaker defines a slide groove at a back face thereof. The bracket comprises a latching mechanism configured to be loosened to adjust and tightened to set the speaker position. The latching mechanism comprises a brake, a pair of latch hooks disposed on the brake, and a drive mechanism interposed between the pair of latch hooks. A spring is secured on the drive mechanism. The pair of latch hooks is loosened to set the speaker position and snaps into the slide groove to lock the speaker into the set position when the spring is pushed in and drawn back out the brake by the drive mechanism.

Abstract: A wireless earphone with an indicating light includes a cover, a hanger connected to the cover, a housing, a microphone, an indicating light and a PCB. An outer hole is opened in the cover. The housing is accepted in the cover. An inner hole is opened in the housing and corresponding to the outer hole. The microphone and the indicating light are arranged in the housing and connect to the PCB, the indicating light protrudes into the inner hole. An escutcheon is arranged between the outer hole and the inner hole to resist dust into the inner hole. The light from the indicating light is delivered via the inner hole and the outer hole to the outside.

Abstract: An automatic tilt speaker has a first subassembly of a speaker unit enclosing an ordinary speaker element. The speaker unit includes a cone-shaped housing having an inner cavity for holding the speaker with its frame or basket fitted snugly in an annular frame. The housing of the speaker unit is pivotally connected to the frame by a pivot arm. The speaker housing has an arcuate exterior wall extending in a radius centered about the pivot connection of the frame. Centrally of the arcuate wall, there is a gear arch, which comprises a vertical column of horizontally elongated teeth extending substantially coplanar with the arcuate wall. On the annular frame at the diametrically opposite side of the pivot connection a tilting system is operatively connected with the teeth. The tilting system includes a motor with a reduction gearbox for driving a worm gear, which in turn drives the gear arch. The annular frame also supports a relay-based motor control board for controlling the polarity and power to the motor.

Abstract: An on-wall loudspeaker and mounting apparatus includes an enclosure, a loudspeaker driver mounted in the enclosure, brackets of equal length and attachable to a wall, arms of equal length pivotably attached to the brackets and pivotably attached to the enclosure, each arm pivotable perpendicular to the wall. A movement of a cone in the driver is parallel to the pivoting of the arms when an alternating current signal is applied to the driver. The present invention mitigates vibrations transmitted to walls and other building structures, and provides improved means for reproducing low frequencies below a range of conventional loudspeakers.

Abstract: A speaker assembly may include a speaker basket, a mounting plate, and a shell pot. The speaker basket may be a plastic speaker basket. The mounting plate may be insert molded into the speaker basket. The shell pot may be seated into an opening in the mounting plate and coupled to the mounting plate. Further, the shell pot may be configured to house additional speaker components, such as a motor assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gasket, and in particular a gasket for acoustically sealing an audio component inside an electronic apparatus. A gasket for acoustically sealing an audio component inside an electronic apparatus, the gasket including a plurality of elongate channels extending through the gasket, the gasket being configured to provide a lower acoustic resistance through the channels than transverse to the channels.

Abstract: The formation of the retaining member 42 at the forming of the main board 40 so as to be able to be cut off and the cutting-off from the main board 40 after the board forming of the main board 40 causes the retaining member 42 to be separated in a letterpress shape from the main board 40. In addition, on the main board 40, the earphone plug socket 44 is mounted with the plug-in inlet 44b facing the outer periphery, the slit is formed and the projected part 43a of the retaining member 42 is fitted into the slit as well. Further, the fitting of the retaining member 42 into the slit 46 causes the side edge 43b thereof to abut on a groove 44a at the back surface of the earphone plug socket 44.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for: a speaker frame having a peripheral flange defining a central axis and a plurality of studs extending from the peripheral flange parallel to the axis; and a carrier plate having an aperture through which at least one of: a portion of a speaker may extend or through which the speaker may direct acoustic energy, a plurality of receiving elements disposed about the aperture, each receiving element having at least one ramped surface extending generally tangentially with respect to a perimeter of the aperture and rising in a direction parallel to the central axis, wherein the studs engage and slide along the ramped surfaces when the speaker frame is coupled to the carrier plate and rotated to lock the speaker frame to the carrier plate.

Abstract: A universal audio speaker mounting board for speaker systems that simulates the structural surface that traditional flush-mounted speakers are mounted to, thus providing the ability to use a variety of flush-mount speakers in a variety of encasements, such as bookshelf enclosures or cabinets. Methods of installation and kits for installation are also contemplated.

Abstract: A frame has a slide hole and a receiving hole made close to an end of the slide hole. A terminal member has a protrusion protruding from a face making contact with the speaker frame, and a claw projecting in a direction approximately perpendicular to a protruding direction of the protrusion. An approximate-projection-shaped engaging portion is formed on the claw to engage with the receiving hole made close to the end of the slide hole. For example, when the terminal member is mounted on the frame, the protrusion is inserted into the slide hole and then slid along the slide hole, thereupon the engaging portion formed on the claw engages with the receiving hole, whereby the terminal member is fixedly attached to the speaker frame.

Abstract: An electro-acoustic transducer is oriented such that its transducer axis is parallel to, and in, the plane of a baffle coupled to the electro-acoustic transducer for reduced baffle vibration.

Abstract: An audio transducer assembly configured for positioning with respect to a mounting surface, said assembly employing a tweeter in a directionally adjustable body which swivels radially and axially for positioning and directing the tweeter in a desired direction. By keeping the center of rotation at or near the center of the surface of the tweeter, the adjustment of the tweeter does not significantly offset its body in the X or Y direction through its range of motion. Such configuration allows for compensation of the distortion caused by placing the tweeter in the middle of a woofer in a speaker having multiple transducers in a single assembly.

Abstract: A device includes a first wafer, a second wafer, a gasket bonding the first wafer to the second wafer to define a cavity between the first wafer and the second wafer, and an acoustic transducer disposed on the first wafer and disposed within the cavity between the first wafer and the second wafer. One or more apertures are provided for communicating an acoustic signal between the acoustic transducer and an exterior of the device. An aperture may be formed in the cavity itself, or the cavity may be hermetically sealed. An aperture may be formed completely through the first wafer and located directly beneath at least a portion of the acoustic transducer.

Abstract: A speaker device includes a terminal member, a voice coil bobbin, and a connecting member mounted on the voice coil bobbin. The connecting member has a terminal mounting part. A pair of claw part and hook-shaped projecting part is provided on an upper end portion of the terminal mounting part, and a mounting base having a groove is provided on a lower end portion thereof. A projecting part and an opening are provided at the upper end portion of the terminal member, and a mounting part is provided at the lower end portion thereof. The projecting part has a function to move the upper end portion of the terminal member to a circumferential direction of the connecting member.

Abstract: A loudspeaker system for the reproduction of acoustic waves of music, sound and speech in a substantially circular horizontal plane. The loudspeaker system includes multiple spherical enclosures, each enclosure housing a pair of transducers, each pair of transducers producing acoustic waves of a predetermined frequency range.

Abstract: A speaker support system, adapted to prevent destructive resonance between a speaker and a speaker cabinet, comprising a vibration damper, a vibration transferer, and a connector. The speaker support prevents primary-mode resonance from building up to damaging levels in a speaker cabinet. The vibration damper damps sound vibrations that are passing from a speaker into a speaker cabinet. The vibration damper is tuned to not resonate at any resonant frequency of the speaker cabinet. The vibration transferer transfers sound vibrations from the vibration damper to a vibration sink, which is preferably a portion of the speaker cabinet that is remote from the vibration damper. Preferably, the vibration transferer comprises a metal rod. The connector fixedly connects the vibration transferer to the vibration sink. The vibration transferer is tuned to not resonate at any resonant frequency of the speaker cabinet.

Abstract: A speaker mounting member for a display apparatus including: one or plurality of mounting plates configured to be laid on a back surface of a display apparatus; a linking member configured to be crosswise linked to the mounting plate at a predetermined position in a first direction along a longitudinal direction of the mounting plate; a movable member configured to be linked to the linking member movably along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; and a speaker mounting panel configured to be attached to the movable member and to be able to mount a speaker.

Abstract: A mobile terminal comprising a body, at least one pair of speakers movably provided at the body, and an operating mechanism provided at the body and operatively coupled with the speakers to move the speakers into and out of the body such that a distance between the pair of speakers is increased when the operating mechanism moves each speaker out of the body in opposite directions, whereby more stereophonic sound can be outputted through the speakers.

Abstract: A loudspeaker mounting assembly for mounting a loudspeaker in an isolated relation to a structure includes an enclosure and a plurality of interface elements composed of a vibration-damping material. The enclosure has an interior for receiving the loudspeaker and includes at least two spaced-apart support members. Each of the at least two support members includes a support member outer surface and an inner surface extending from the support member outer surface into the support member. The inner surface defines a support member bore. Each interface element includes an interface element outer surface. Each interface element is disposed in a corresponding one of the support member bores and at least partially extends out from the respective support member outer surface, where each interface element outer surface contacts the respective inner surface of the support member.

Abstract: A speaker includes a box-shaped enclosure, a speaker unit and a sounding board. A pair of side plates, a bottom plate, a top plate, a back plate and a baffle are assembled into the enclosure. The speaker unit is attached to an opening portion of the baffle. The sounding board is attached to the bottom plate, and includes a member having a fiber direction in a vibration direction of a vibrating plate, a member having a fiber direction in a direction which approaches the side plate (of the front side) as extending from a side of the back plate to a side of the baffle, and a member having a fiber direction in a direction which approaches the side plate (of the back side) as extending the side of the back plate to the side of the baffle.

Abstract: Embodiments of a speaker assembly and cooperating suspension ring designed to allow installation of the assembly in a horizontal ceiling tile from below are disclosed. The speaker assembly includes a body or housing with a flange at one end. The body has a diameter that allows it to fit through a hole the ceiling tile and the suspension ring. The assembly is further provided with clamps attached to the flange next to the body. In order to bring the flange into contact with the ceiling tile, the assembly must be aligned so that the clamps penetrate cooperating voids in the suspension ring. The assembly is then rotated in a direction depending on the tile thickness and lowered into a position where the clamps engage with projections on the suspension ring so that the suspension ring supports the weight of the assembly.

Abstract: At least one embodiment of the invention provides an easy-to-install recessed speaker mounting assembly. The assembly may comprise a mounting frame, a plurality of dog fasteners, and a dog actuator ring. The mounting frame may define an opening for receiving an audio transducer, and the mounting frame may also include an outer flange around an outer perimeter of the mounting frame. The plurality of dog fasteners may be rotationally coupled to the mounting frame. The dog actuator ring may be adapted to fit within an inner perimeter of the mounting frame, wherein rotation of the dog actuator ring relative to the mounting frame causes the rotating dog fasteners to rotate and secure the mounting frame to a mounting substrate.

Abstract: In a speaker unit of the present invention, a diaphragm with an aspect ratio exceeding one is provided in an internal space of a frame. The frame has both ends thereof provided with a pair of air holes opening on a rear surface, and a pair of electrode members attached thereto. Each of the electrode members includes a clamping portion to be fixed to an end of the frame, and an elastic arm portion extending from the clamping portion along the frame. The elastic arm portion is opposed to the air hole. A clamping portion rear area and a main body rear area having the air hole opened thereon are formed on the rear surface of the frame. The main body rear area is formed lower than the clamped portion rear area in a direction apart from the elastic arm portion of the electrode member.

Abstract: The invention provides, in one aspect, a loudspeaker that has electrodynamically-driven piston mounted in one external wall and that has movable panels in one or more other external walls. Those panels are air-coupled to the piston, e.g., via air within the enclosure, such that vibrational motion of the piston causes the vibration of the panels, thereby, improving the overall air coupling of the piston to the external environment, e.g., the listening room. Further aspects of the invention provide an improved driver for use, e.g., in the aforementioned loudspeaker. The driver comprises a three-part piston having first and second diaphragms coupled back-to-back with one another and having a voice coil face-mounted (or front-mounted) within the second diaphragm.

Abstract: A rapid installation and detachment device for flush mounting speaker on ceiling or wall is composed of a hinge bracket, coil springs, gaiters, press fits, cushion springs and stop blocks. The above mechanisms are driven by the coil springs to rapidly and efficiently install a speaker on the hinge bracket. The detachment of the speaker never damages the surrounding surface material of the ceiling or wall. The device is applicable to all kinds of surface materials with different thickness.

Abstract: An engaging device for a speaker cabinet includes a grille, a cabinet housing, a positioning seat, and a positioning member. The grille includes one of an assembling hole and a positioning hole, and the cabinet housing includes the other of the positioning hole and the assembling hole. The positioning seat is mounted in the assembling hole and includes a deformable flange and a receptacle. An inner circumferential wall delimiting the assembling hole squeezes the deformable flange to form a neck in the receptacle. The positioning member includes a shank mounted in the positioning hole. A head of the positioning member is mounted into the receptacle of the positioning seat. The neck retains a retaining flange on the head of the positioning member, thereby securely engaging the grille with the cabinet housing by the positioning seat and the positioning member.

Abstract: A twisting ring control for a compact speaker is rotatably mounted on a speaker encircling the speaker baffle. When the ring is rotated in one direction, the ring causes the speaker to be switched off, and when the ring is rotated in the opposite direction, the ring causes the speaker to be switched on. A volume control can be integrated into the same mechanism, and arranged such that, after the speaker is switched on, when the ring is rotated in one direction the volume is increased and when the ring is rotated in the opposite direction the volume is decreased.