Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to embodiments of the present invention relate to a fiber stretchers module for use in the 1550 nm wavelength range. In one embodiment of the present invention, a fiber stretcher module for use in the 1550 nm wavelength range comprises a first fiber comprising a relative dispersion curve value of greater than about 0.0002 nm?2 and a dispersion value of less than about ?60 ps/(nm·km) at about 1550 nm, and a second fiber comprising a relative dispersion curve value of about zero and a relative dispersion slope value of about 0.003 nm?1 at about 1550 nm, wherein the fiber stretcher module comprises a collective relative dispersion slope of about 0.0413 nm?1 and a relative dispersion curve of about 0.00286 nm?2 at 1550 nm.

Abstract: Optical devices and a method for manufacturing these devices. One optical device includes a core region having a first medium of a first refractive index n1, and includes a cladding region exterior to the core region. The cladding region includes a second medium having a second refractive index n2 higher than the first refractive index n1. The cladding region further includes a third medium having a third refractive index n3 lower than the first refractive index n1. The third medium is dispersed in the second medium to form a plurality of microstructures in the cladding region. Another optical device includes a plurality of core regions including at least one core having a doped first medium, and includes a cladding region exterior to the plurality of core regions. The core regions and the cladding region include a phosphate glass.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes a core section and a cladding section. A k value expressed by k=4Aeff/(?MFD2) is 1.08 or larger, Aeff being an effective area and MFD being a mode field diameter, at a wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion is in a range from +19.0 ps/nm/km to +21.9 ps/nm/km, and MFD is in a range from 10.3 ?m to 13.0 ?m. The inequality, r1<r2<r3, is established, R=r3/r2 is larger than 1.0 and equal to or smaller than 5.4, and a relative refractive index difference ?12 of the maximum value N2 with respect to the minimum value N1 is 0.05% or higher, r1 and r2 being radial positions respectively with minimum and maximum value N1 and N2 of a refractive index in the core section and r3 being a radius of the core section.

Abstract: A holey fiber includes a core portion and a cladding portion in which holes located in the outer periphery of the core portion and arranged around the core portion in layers, and a low refractive index layer having an internal diameter that is equal to or larger than four times a mode field radius of light in the core portion and having a refractive index lower than the core portion are formed.

Abstract: A polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber has a pure silica core surrounded by a cladding having a region with randomly arranged voids. Stress members are arranged in the cladding on opposite sides of and in line with the core, and impart birefringence to the PM optical fiber. The PM optical fiber is resistant to aging effects and has a broad single-mode spectral range of 400 nm to 1,600 nm.

Abstract: The invention aims to provide an optical fiber in which light that is input to the clad is easily released to the outside of the clad, and a laser device using the optical fiber. An optical fiber (50) includes a core (51), and a clad (52) coating the core (51). The clad (52) includes a refractive-index varying region (56) in which the refractive index increases in the direction from the inner circumferential side toward the outer circumferential side. In this structure, even when light is input to the clad (52), the light that has reached the refractive-index varying region (56) of the clad (52) is refracted and propagates from the inner circumferential side toward the outer circumferential side of the clad (52). Accordingly, light that is input to the clad (52) is easily released to the outside of the clad (52).

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to fiber-optic modulators that can be integrated in optical fibers to encode data in optical signals. In one aspect, a fiber-optic modulator includes a weak planar, sub-wavelength grating disposed between an end of a first optical fiber and an end of a second optical fiber. A first electrode is disposed on an edge of the grating and connected to an electronic signal source, and a second electrode is disposed on the edge of the grating opposite the first electrode and connected to the electronic signal source. The grating includes a grating pattern to reflect a channel input to the first optical fiber when a low or no current portion of an electronic signal to be generated by the electronic signal source is applied to the grating and to transmit the channel when a high current portion of the electronic signal is applied to the grating.

Abstract: An optical signal transmitting device includes a substrate, light emitting modules, an optical coupling element, an optical fiber module, and a pressing pole. The substrate has a first loading surface and a second loading surface. The optical coupling element is positioned on the first loading surface and includes a first cladding portion and coupling lenses. Each coupling lens has a first sloped surface and a second sloped surface. The light emitting modules are positioned on the second loading surface and spatially correspond to the respective first sloped surfaces. The optical fiber module is positioned on the first loading surface and includes a second cladding portion and fiber cores. Each fiber core has a bare end. The pressing pole presses each bare end to the corresponding second sloped surface. The refractive indexes of the substrate, the coupling lenses, the fiber cores and the air are n1, n2, n3, n0, wherein n3>n2>>n1>n0.

Abstract: A method for fabricating waveguides comprising nano-apertures for illumination of sub-resolution exposures is presented. In particular, the end of a waveguide, such as an optical fiber, is coated with a material, such as an electrically conducting metal or a semiconductor. This material is then selectively removed through a lithography process using photon exposure to create an aperture in the material at the end of the waveguide. Under normal conditions, if the aperture is smaller than the wavelength of light in the waveguide, there is little or no transmission through the aperture. However, with the appropriate selection of materials and aperture geometry, for example a metallic conducting coating and sub-wavelength “C-shaped” or “bow-tie” aperture, enhancement of the transmission of light through the aperture can be achieved, allowing effective illumination of sub-resolution spots using the nano-aperture. This can be used in a nanolithography system incorporating waveguide illuminators as well.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to optical fibers suitable for use in sensing applications exposed to radiation environments. The fibers include a core of pure silica or chlorine doped silica surrounded by a fluorinated silica cladding. These glasses for the core and cladding utilize dopants that resist radiation-induced attenuation. A two step process for forming the cladding can achieve necessary concentrations of the fluorine by performing a soot deposition process in a different environment from a consolidation process where the soot is sintered into a glass. Concentration of fluorine doped into the cladding layer enables obtaining a numerical aperture that confines a mono-mode of the fiber to resist bend-induced attenuation. Dimensions of the fiber further facilitate bending ability of the fiber.

Abstract: Various embodiments described include optical fiber designs and fabrication processes for ultra high numerical aperture optical fibers (UHNAF) having a numerical aperture (NA) of about 1. Various embodiments of UHNAF may have an NA greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, or greater than about 0.95. Embodiments of UHNAF may have a small core diameter and may have low transmission loss. Embodiments of UHNAF having a sufficiently small core diameter provide single mode operation. Some embodiments have a low V number, for example, less than 2.4 and large dispersion. Some embodiments of UHNAF have extremely large negative dispersion, for example, less than about ?300 ps/nm/km in some embodiments. Systems and apparatus using UHNAF are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for designing improved multimode fiber optic cables are provided. In an embodiment, the method includes measuring a DMD waveform profile of a reference multimode fiber optic cable, where the reference multimode fiber optic cable has a reference refractive index profile. The method of this embodiment further includes designing an improved refractive index profile for the improved multimode fiber optic cable, where the improved refractive index profile comprises the reference refractive index profile modified by a quantity ?n(r), where r is a radius from the center of the core, where the quantity ?n(r) is negative over at least some radial window, and where the quantity ?n(r) follows a function such that the improved multimode fiber optic cable having the improved refractive index profile produces a DMD waveform profile having a shift to the left in radial pulse waveforms for increasing radii.

Abstract: Few moded optical fibers with small delay differences between the propagating modes are disclosed. In one embodiment, an optical fiber includes a glass core and a glass cladding surrounding and in direct contact with the glass core. The glass core may include a radius R1 from about 8 ?m to about 13 ?m; a graded refractive index profile with an alpha value between about 1.9 and 2.1 at a wavelength of 1550 nm; and a maximum relative refractive index ?1MAX from about 0.6% to about 0.95% relative to the glass cladding. The effective area of the LP01 mode at 1550 nm may be between 80 ?m2 and 105 ?m2 such that the core supports the propagation and transmission of an optical signal with X LP modes at a wavelength of 1550 nm, wherein X is an integer greater than 1 and less than 10. The glass cladding may include a maximum relative refractive index ?4MAX such that ?1MAX>?4MAX. The optical fiber has DGD of less than or equal to about 150 ps/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a graphene optical device. The optical device includes a lower clad, an optical waveguide extended on the lower clad in a first direction, a first dielectric layer disposed on the optical waveguide, and a graphene layer extended on the first dielectric layer in a second direction.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for manufacturing a worked product comprising a fiber sensor therein. Also provided is a wrought product comprising a fiber sensor as well as structural elements and other products including fuselage skin and a wing panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical fiber which can have a larger NA and a preferable mechanical strength even with a monolayer coating and can be fabricated at low cost, and which can transmit excitation light efficiently reducing a loss even under a high temperature environment during the operation of a fiber laser. An optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a core, a glass cladding which is provided at a periphery of the core and has a refractive index smaller than the core, and a polymer cladding which is provided at a periphery of the glass cladding and has a refractive index smaller than the glass cladding. The polymer cladding contains fluorine and the polymer cladding has a difference between an elasticity modulus at 60° C. and that at 23° C. equal to or smaller than 100 MPa and also has an elasticity modulus equal to or larger than 200 MPa at 23° C.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing method for an optical fiber preform of which the core is doped with a rare earth element. The method includes: depositing glass particles within a silica tube by the modified chemical vapor deposition method, the glass particles mainly consisting of silicon dioxide; adding the rare earth element and aluminum to the glass particles within the silica tube by the solution doping method; heating the silica tube while flowing a phosphorous-containing gas into the silica tube to sinter the glass particles within the silica tube while adding the phosphorous; and heating and collapsing the silica tube to which the rare earth element, the aluminum, and the phosphorous are added.

Abstract: A few-mode optical fiber comprises a core surrounded by a cladding, having a step index profile that is structured to support propagation of a plurality of desired signal-carrying modes, while suppressing undesired modes. The core and cladding are configured such that the undesired modes have respective effective indices that are close to, or less than, the cladding index such that the undesired modes are leaky modes. The index spacing between the desired mode having the lowest effective index and the leaky mode with the highest effective index is sufficiently large so as to substantially prevent coupling therebetween.

Abstract: Provided is an inexpensive low-loss optical fiber suitably used in an optical transmission network. An optical fiber includes a core, an optical cladding, and a jacket. The core has a relative refractive index difference between 0.2% and 0.32% and has a refractive index volume between 9%·?m2 and 18%·?m2. The jacket has a relative refractive index difference between 0.03% and 0.20%. Glass constituting the core has a fictive temperature between 1400° C. and 1560° C. Stress remaining in the core is compressive stress. A cutoff wavelength measured on a fiber having a length of 2 m is 1300 nm or more and a cutoff wavelength measured on a fiber having a length of 100 m is 1500 nm or less. An effective area at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 110 ?m2 or more. A attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm is 0.19 dB/km or less.

Abstract: A gain medium operable to amplify light at a gain wavelength and having reduced transverse ASE includes an input surface and an output surface opposing the input surface. The gain medium also includes a central region including gain material and extending between the input surface and the output surface along a longitudinal optical axis of the gain medium. The gain medium further includes an edge cladding region surrounding the central region and extending between the input surface and the output surface along the longitudinal optical axis of the gain medium. The edge cladding region includes the gain material and a dopant operable to absorb light at the gain wavelength.

Abstract: A method for arranging a high power fiber laser system includes spiraling an active fiber in a housing with a diameter of spiral gradually decreasing towards the center of the housing. The method further includes coupling the opposite free ends of the spiraled active fiber to respective passive fibers providing optical communication between the active fiber and discrete components. Thereafter, the passive fibers with the discrete components are arranged next to inner spirals of the active fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber 1 comprising a core layer 2 composed of a silica based glass, a clad layer 3 formed on the outer circumference of the core layer 2 by curing a curable resin composition, and an ink layer 4 formed around the clad layer 3, wherein adhesive force between the core layer 2 and the clad layer 3 being from 1.5 g/mm to 4.0 g/mm.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, an optical device is provided. The optical device includes an optical fiber comprising a core for propagation of light and a cladding surrounding the core, and at least one microchannel defined in the optical fiber extending at least partially through the cladding, wherein the at least one microchannel has a concave-shaped surface arranged to interact with an optical field of the light. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method of forming an optical device and a method for determining a parameter of a fluid are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention embraces an amplifying optical fiber having a central core adapted to convey and amplify an optical signal and a cladding that surrounds the central core to confine the optical signal conveyed in the central core. The central core is formed of a core matrix in which nanoparticles are present. The nanoparticles themselves include a nanoparticle matrix and rare-earth-dopant elements. The core matrix may also include one or more additional dopants (i.e., in addition to nanoparticles). The amplifying optical fiber possesses a small numerical aperture and is suitable for use in high-pump-power applications without a degraded gain shape.

Abstract: An optical fiber having excellent strength that can be manufactured at low cost, as well as a method for making such optical fiber, is provided. An optical fiber 1 is a silica-based optical fiber comprising a core 11, an optical cladding 12 surrounding the core 11, and a jacketing region 13 surrounding the optical cladding 12 and having a uniform composition throughout from the internal circumference to the outer circumference. A compressive strained layer having a residual compressive stress is provided at the outermost circumference of the jacketing region 13.

Abstract: A laser applicator includes an optical fiber with a core surrounded by a cladding. The cladding contains openings (40) for coupling radiative energy outward. To accomplish an even distribution of energy, the size of the opening increases from the proximal end to the distal end. The openings (40) are combined into groups (45), with the number of openings within a group varying. The openings (40) are of a uniform size so that the area of decoupling (13) can be produced in a simple manner.

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing pulse energy scaling are disclosed, including generating electromagnetic radiation; coupling the electromagnetic radiation to a fiber geometrical management system comprising: a tapered fiber comprising: an elliptical or rectangular core centrally positioned within a single or double cladding shell, wherein the core comprises a fiber material and a doped gain medium; an input face wherein the doped core comprises a major axis and a minor axis, wherein the ratio of the major to minor axis at the input face ranges from about 1 to about 100; an output face wherein the doped core comprises a major axis and a minor axis, wherein the ratio of the major to minor axis at the output face ranges from about 1 to about 100; and wherein the major (minor) axis is adiabatically or linearly tapered from the input face to the output face. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: An optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a center core, a side core, and a cladding. The center core includes a ring part where a relative index difference varies discontinuously, in its peripheral region, and when a is a radius from a core center to an outside of the ring part and c is a radius to a position where the relative index difference is maximum in the side core, an index profile is realized in a shape where c/a is in the range of 2.25 to 2.50, so as to enable setting of a dispersion value, a cable cutoff wavelength, a bending loss in the diameter of 20 mm, and an effective area in desired ranges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical fiber having a structure to enable both prevention of resin coating combustion due to leaked light, and low-loss light transmission. The optical fiber comprises a core region, and a cladding region. The cladding region is constituted by an optical cladding which affects the transmission characteristics of light propagating in the core region, and a physical cladding which does not affect the transmission characteristics of light propagating in the core region. Particularly, a leakage reduction portion is provided in the physical cladding so as to surround an outer periphery of the core region through the optical cladding. The leakage reduction portion functions to suppress propagation of the leaked light propagating from the core region toward outside the cladding region.

Abstract: An inexpensive low-attenuation optical fiber 1 suitable for use as an optical transmission line in an optical access network is a silica based glass optical fiber and includes a core 11 including the center axis, an optical cladding 12 surrounding the core, and a jacket 13 surrounding the optical cladding. The core contains GeO2 and has a relative refractive index difference ?core, based on the optical cladding, greater than or equal to 0.35% and less than or equal to 0.50% and has a refractive index volume v greater than or equal to 0.045 ?m2 and less than or equal to 0.095 ?m2. The jacket has a relative refractive index difference ?J greater than or equal to 0.03% and less than or equal to 0.20%. Glass constituting the core has a fictive temperature higher than or equal to 1400° C. and lower than or equal to 1590° C. Residual stress in the core is compressive stress that has an absolute value greater than or equal to 5 MPa.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments generally relate to extruding multiple layers of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. In particular, the aspects of the disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for producing a Bragg reflector comprising co-extrusion of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape.

Abstract: There is described an optical waveguide structure exhibiting nonlinear properties, a method of fabricating such, and an optical coupling device made of two of such optical waveguide structures. The optical waveguide structure comprises an optical waveguide portion made of a light transmitting material for supporting a light mode traveling therein. The light transmitting material has an intrinsic nonlinearity parameter suitable for inducing a nonlinearity on the light mode, and the optical waveguide portion having a diameter sized to securely confine the light mode therein and to increase the nonlinearity on the light mode. The optical waveguide structure also has a coating surrounding the optical waveguide portion to mechanically support or to protect the optical waveguide portion from surface damage.

Abstract: A porous layer is formed by depositing a silica glass particle around a core rod. The porous layer is dehydrated. The dehydrated porous layer is sintered under a decreased pressure until the dehydrated porous layer becomes a translucent glass layer containing a closed pore. The translucent glass layer is vitrified under an ambient atmosphere including an inert gas other than a helium gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-core optical fiber having a structure to effectively reduce crosstalk between adjacent core regions among a plurality of core regions. The multi-core optical fiber (1) has a leakage reduction portion (50), at least a portion of which is arranged at a position on a straight line connecting adjacent core regions together among a plurality of core regions (10). The leakage reduction portion (50) reduces leakage light in the multi-core optical fiber (1) from each of the core regions (10), thereby effectively reducing crosstalk between adjacent core regions.

Abstract: Non-circular core optical preforms are provided whose core-cladding interface edge has a sharpness that can be accurately controlled according to application-specific needs. Preform design and fiber fabrication is handled such that precisely edged fiber cores are maintained in the drawn fibers. This provides for markedly improved fiber functions, which rely on the non-circular structure of the core. In short, optical fibers having non-circular wave-guiding regions with precise, controlled edges are provided. By using selected manufacturing techniques that employ lower temperatures than commonly used, prior art techniques and by choosing proper materials with appropriate viscosities for core and cladding, the rounding of the edges of the wave-guiding region is precisely maintained in the final optical fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical fibers useful for the transmission of electromagnetic energy at such high levels of power that stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) may be of importance. One aspect of the present invention is an optical fiber for the propagation of optical radiation having an optical wavelength, the optical fiber and optical wavelength having an SBS acoustic wavelength associated therewith, the optical fiber comprising a core having a geometrical center and an outer perimeter; and a cladding surrounding the core; wherein the core is rare earth doped and substantially free of germanium, the optical fiber has a refractive index profile such that the core is guiding for optical radiation having the optical wavelength, and the optical fiber has an acoustic index profile such that the core is antiguiding for an acoustic wave having the SBS acoustic wavelength.

Abstract: There is provided an optical waveguide comprising an optical core having transverse sides, the optical core extending along a curved path; an optical cladding on the transverse sides of the optical core, wherein the distribution of the optical cladding on the transverse sides of the optical core is asymmetric about the centre of the core.

Abstract: An analytical assembly within a unified device structure for integration into an analytical system. The analytical assembly is scalable and includes a plurality of analytical devices, each of which includes a reaction cell, an optical sensor, and at least one optical element positioned in optical communication with both the reaction cell and the sensor and which delivers optical signals from the cell to the sensor. Additional elements are optionally integrated into the analytical assembly. Methods for forming and operating the analytical system are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting a specimen, such as a semiconductor wafer, is provided. The apparatus comprises a laser energy source, such as a deep ultraviolet (DUV) energy source and an optical fiber arrangement. The optical fiber arrangement comprises a core surrounded by a plurality of optical fibers structures used to frequency broaden energy received from the laser energy source into frequency broadened radiation. The frequency broadened radiation is employed as an illumination source for inspecting the specimen. In one aspect, the apparatus comprises a central core and a plurality of structures generally surrounding the central core, the plurality of fibers surround a hollow core fiber filled with a gas at high pressure, a tapered photonic fiber, and/or a spider web photonic crystalline fiber, configured to receive light energy and produce frequency broadened radiation for inspecting the specimen.

Abstract: According to some embodiments a few moded optical fiber includes a glass core structured to provide light amplification at an amplification wavelength and a cladding surrounding the core. According to some embodiments the core of the few moded optical fiber includes a portion that has an average concentration of rare earth dopant which is lower by at least 30%, and preferably by at least 50%, than the average concentration of the rare earth dopant at another portion of the core that is situated further from the core center.

Abstract: An optical connection structure which permits easy and automatic alignment between the optical axes of optical fibers and the optical axes of cores of an optical waveguide, and a production method which ensures that an optical waveguide for the optical connection structure can be efficiently produced with higher dimensional accuracy are provided. An over-cladding layer of the optical waveguide includes an extension portion provided in a longitudinal end portion thereof, and optical fiber fixing grooves are provided in the extension portion as extending along extension lines of cores coaxially with the cores and each having opposite ends, one of which is open in an end face of the extension portion and the other of which is closed. Optical fibers are fitted and fixed in the respective optical fiber fixing grooves. The over-cladding layer further includes a boundary portion (6) provided between the other closed ends of the optical fiber fixing grooves and the cores.

Abstract: The present application relates to optical fibers having at least one slot. The optical fiber may be used, for example, in various sensing application. In some embodiments, a cross-section of the optical fiber perpendicular to the longitudinal axis has a largest dimension less than or equal to about 4 ?m, and the slot has a width of about 5 nm to about 500 nm and a depth of at least about 10 nm. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the optical fibers and apparatuses including the optical fibers.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes a core portion and a cladding portion that is formed on an outer periphery of the core portion and has a refractive index lower than a maximum refractive index of the core portion. Characteristics at a wavelength of 1550 nm are an effective core area of a fundamental propagation mode of equal to or larger than 120 ?m2, an effective core area of a first higher-order propagation mode of equal to or larger than 170 ?m2, and an effective refractive index of the first higher-order propagation mode of larger than the refractive index of the cladding portion by equal to or larger than 0.0005.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing an optical fiber that is inserted into an insertion portion of an endoscope and guides light, wherein inside an upright fiber drawing furnace, inside a hollow clad tube including a clad glass having a viscosity ?1 of 5.0<Log ?1<7.0 at a temperature at which a viscosity ?2 of a core glass becomes Log ?2=3.5, the core glass in a fluidized state runs down by gravity, whereby the core glass and the clad glass are integrated.

Abstract: A multimode optical fiber includes a central core surrounded by an outer cladding. The central core has a graded-index profile with respect to the outer cladding and an outer radius r1 of between about 22 microns and 28 microns. The optical fiber also includes an inner cladding positioned between the central core and the outer cladding, and a depressed trench positioned between the inner cladding and the outer cladding. The multimode optical fiber exhibits reduced bending losses.

Abstract: A coated plastic cladding optical fiber and an optical fiber cable, in which a transmission loss caused when this coated fiber or this fiber cable is bent in a small radius is small, and which can be used sufficiently as a USB cable or a HDMI cable in a high speed transmission, are provided. The coated plastic cladding optical fiber 1 has a cladding layer 3 that is formed on an outer periphery of a core glass 2 made of a quartz glass and formed of a polymer resin whose refractive index is lower than core glass, and a resin coating layer 5 that is formed on an outer periphery of the cladding layer 3 and is formed of a thermosetting resin. Then, a diameter of the core glass 2 is set to 50 to 100 ?m, and a relative index difference of the core glass 2 to the cladding layer 3 is set to 3.7% or more.

Abstract: The invention includes optical signal conduits having rare earth elements incorporated therein. The optical signal conduits can, for example, contain rare earth elements incorporated within a dielectric material matrix. For instance, erbium or cerium can be within silicon nanocrystals dispersed throughout dielectric material of optical signal conduits. The dielectric material can define a path for the optical signal, and can be wrapped in a sheath which aids in keeping the optical signal along the path. The sheath can include any suitable barrier material, and can, for example, contain one or more metallic materials. The invention also includes methods of forming optical signal conduits, with some of such methods being methods in which the optical signal conduits are formed to be part of semiconductor constructions.

Abstract: An optical fuse device adapted to be placed in between ends of lead-in fibers of an optical fiber line. The optical fuse device has a destructible region having a core, the destructible region including a light absorbing material adapted to heat and destroy the core upon application of a light intensity greater than a predetermined threshold. Optical fiber lines including the optical fuse device and methods of manufacturing the optical fuse device are provided. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystal fiber, and more particularly to a Ti: sapphire crystal fiber, a manufacturing method thereof, and a wide band light source with the same. The Ti: sapphire single crystal is grown by means of laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method into a crystal fiber of a predetermined diameter. The crystal fiber is enclosed by a glass capillary and is grown into a single cladding crystal fiber. The wide band light source comprises: a pumping source for providing a pumping light; a single cladding Ti: sapphire crystal fiber for absorbing the pumping light and emitting the wide band light.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display device includes a substrate; a thin-film transistor on the substrate; a first insulating layer covering the thin-film transistor; a first electrode on the first insulating layer, and electrically connected to the thin-film transistor; a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer so as to cover the first electrode, and having an opening for exposing a part of the first electrode; a porous member in the second insulating layer; a second electrode on the second insulating layer, and facing the first electrode so as to correspond to the opening; and an organic emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode so as to correspond to the opening. The organic light-emitting display device may prevent degradation of characteristics of an organic light-emitting device due to discharge of gas from an organic material.