Abstract: An optical amplifier uses, in a gain medium, a multicore optical fiber having a plurality of cores, and comprises: an input-light power monitor that monitors the optical power of input light to the plurality of cores of the multicore optical fiber; an output-light power monitor that monitors the optical power of medium-passed output light from the plurality of cores that has passed through the multicore optical fiber; a crosstalk monitor that monitors the amount of inter-core crosstalk among the plurality of cores; and a controller that controls the pump-light power of pump light superimposed on the input light to the plurality of cores on the basis of the monitored optical power of input light, the monitored optical power of output light, and the monitored amount of inter-core crosstalk.

Abstract: A composite optical fiber is provided for permitting sensing of multiple parameters. The optical fiber is for incorporation into a sensing system, the optical fiber comprising: a single mode optical fiber core, a multimode optical fiber core, and an optical fiber cladding layer surrounding the single mode optical fiber core and the multimode optical fiber core. The optical fiber provided preferably enables multiple sensing and/or measurements to take place at a single location and at a single time.

Abstract: Spliced multi-clad optical fibers with a cladding light stripper (CLS) encapsulating the splice. The splice may facilitate conversion between two optical fibers having different architectures, such as different core and/or cladding dimensions. The CLS may comprise a first length of fiber on a first side of the splice, and a second length of fiber on a second side of the splice, encapsulating the splice within the lengths of the CLS. The splice may abut one or more of the lengths of the CLS, or may be separated from one or more lengths of the CLS by an intermediate length of a first and/or second fiber joined by the splice.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a mechanical actuator based on a fiber optic platform. A material that is configured to be activated by light may be incorporated into an optical fiber that serves as both an actuator and a power delivery network. This platform is adaptable to different materials, types of motions, and length scales and allows for precise delivery of photons to the material.

Abstract: A multi-core optical fiber includes: four cores arranged in a lattice shape along a longitudinal direction, each of the four cores having a step-index type refractive index distribution with a radius a; and a cladding region having a lower refractive index than that of each core and a diameter of 125±1 ?m and provided on an outer peripheral portion of each core, where an absolute value of a relative refractive index difference between each core and the cladding region is ?. The four cores are arranged so that a relationship between a minimum distance from the center of each core to an outer periphery of the cladding region, a minimum value ? of spacing between the cores, and the MFD satisfies a formula, and the radius a of each core and the relative refractive index difference ? between the core and the cladding region are set.

Abstract: This disclosure presents a docking station into which a test card can be inserted for rapid analyte detection and reporting. This docking station has portable capability and can include wire or wireless transmission to a local server or cloud-based server. A test card that has a test structure located on the test structure that includes a modified waveguide can be inserted into the and a docking station that includes a laser and interferometer provides for accurate and rapid detection of a test sample.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to realize water immersion detection that does not require a replacement module, and does not cause any optical loss. The present disclosure relates to a device configured to measure guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in a measurement target optical fiber, and detect water immersion of the measurement target optical fiber based on a characteristic around a peak of the guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering.

Abstract: The optical fibers disclosed is a single mode optical fiber comprising a core region and a cladding region surrounding and directly adjacent to the core region. The core region can have a radius r1 in a range from 3 ?m to 7 ?m and a relative refractive index profile ?1 having a maximum relative refractive index ?1max in the range from 0.25% to 0.50%. The cladding region can include a first outer cladding region and a second outer cladding region surrounding and directly adjacent to the first outer cladding region. The first outer cladding region can have a radius r4a. The second outer cladding region can have a radius r4b less than or equal to 45 ?m and comprising silica based glass doped with titania.

Abstract: In various embodiments, laser emissions are steered into different regions of an optical fiber, and/or into different optical fibers, in a temporal pattern such that an output has different spatial output profiles. The temporal pattern has a frequency sufficient such that a workpiece is processed by an effective output shape combining the different spatial output profiles.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes: a central core portion; an intermediate layer; a trench layer; and a cladding portion. Further, ?1>?2>?3 and 0>?3 are satisfied, where ?1 is a relative refractive-index difference of the central core portion, ?2 is a relative refractive-index difference of the intermediate layer, and ?3 is a relative refractive-index difference of the trench layer with respect to the cladding portion, respectively, and (c?b) is smaller than 4.5 ?m when ?1 is equal to or larger than 0.36% and equal to or smaller than 0.40%, ?2 is equal to or larger than ?0.05% and equal to or smaller than 0.05%, |?3| is equal to or smaller than 0.25%, ?1×|?3| is equal to or smaller than 0.08%2, an inner diameter of the trench layer is 2b, and an outer diameter of the trench layer is 2c.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a universal optical fiber (100). The universal optical fiber (100) includes a core (102) extended from a central longitudinal axis (110) to a first radius r1. In addition, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a buffer clad (104) region extending from the first radius r1 to a second radius r2. Further, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a trench region (106) extending from the second radius r2 to a third radius r3. Furthermore, the universal optical fiber (100) includes a cladding (108) extending from the third radius to a fourth radius r4. Moreover, the core (102), the buffer clad region (104), the trench region (106) and the cladding (108) are concentrically arranged.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes: a core portion made of glass; and a cladding portion made of glass, having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the core portion, and positioned on an outer periphery of the core portion. Further, the cladding portion has an outer diameter smaller than 100 ?m, and the core portion has a relative refractive-index difference of 0.32% to 0.40% with respect to the cladding portion.

Abstract: A shaped tube (50,51) for use as a component in the fabrication of an antiresonant hollow core optical fibre, the shaped tube having a side wall with a transverse cross-sectional shape comprising a number of major curved portions (52) alternating with the same number of minor substantially straight portions (54), each curved portion (52) having an inwardly curving shape, and each straight portion (54) being equidistant from a central longitudinal axis of the shaped tube (50,51).

Abstract: The optical fibers disclosed is a single mode optical fiber having a core region and a cladding region surrounding and directly adjacent to the core region. The core region can have a radius r1 in a range from 3.0 microns to 6.0 microns and a core volume V1 less than 6.0%-micron2. The cladding region can include a first outer cladding region and a second outer cladding region surrounding and directly adjacent to the first outer cladding region. The first outer cladding region can have a radius r4a, the second outer cladding region can have a radius r4b less than or equal to 65 microns and comprising silica based glass doped with titania. The disclosed single mode optical fiber can have a fiber cutoff wavelength ?CF less than 1530 nm.

Abstract: Some embodiments may include a packaged laser diode assembly, comprising: a length of optical fiber having a core and a polymer buffer in direct contact with the core, the length of optical fiber having a first section and a second section, the first section of the length of optical fiber including a tip of an input end of the optical fiber, wherein the polymer buffer covers only the second section of the first and second sections; one or more laser diodes to generate laser light; means for directing a beam derived from the laser light into the input end of the length of optical fiber; a light stripper attached to the core in the first section of the length of optical fiber. Other embodiments may be disclosed and/or claimed.

Abstract: A polarization-maintaining multi-core fiber includes a plurality of fiber core areas and a main outer cladding. The fiber core areas include one central fiber core area, and two or more than two outer fiber core areas equidistantly and uniformly arranged around the central fiber core area that is a polarization-maintaining fiber core area. Each outer fiber core area includes a fiber core and an inner cladding surrounding a core layer. A portion outside the fiber core areas is the main outer cladding. The fiber can greatly enhance spectral efficiency of an optical transmission system, and improve fiber communication capacity. The arrangement of the polarization-maintaining fiber core area provides a waveguide structure with a function of maintaining polarized light, which can be used for transmission of local light.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a matrix material for a rollable optical fibre ribbon. The rollable optical fibre ribbon includes a plurality of optical fibres and the matrix material. In addition, each of the plurality of optical fibres is placed parallel to other optical fibres of the plurality of optical fibres. Further, the matrix material joins the plurality of optical fibres. Furthermore, the matrix material has different glass transition temperature at different pressures.

Abstract: A multicore optical fiber comprises a common cladding and a plurality of core portions disposed in the common cladding. Each of the core portions includes a central axis, a core region extending from the central axis to a radius r1, the core region comprising a relative refractive index ?1, an inner cladding region extending from the radius r1 to a radius r2, the inner cladding region comprising a relative refractive index ?2, and a depressed cladding extending from the radius r2 to a radius r3, the depressed cladding region comprising a relative refractive index ?3 and a minimum relative refractive index ?3 min. The relative refractive indexes may satisfy ?1>?2>?3 min. The mode field diameter of each core portion may greater than or equal to 8.2 ?m and less than or equal to 9.5 ?m.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core, an inner cladding, a first trench region, an intermediate cladding, a second trench region, and an outer cladding. The core has a first radius. The inner cladding is defined by the first radius and a second radius of the optical fibre. The first trench region is defined by the second radius and a third radius. The first trench region. The intermediate cladding is defined by the third radius and a fourth radius. The second trench region is defined by the fourth radius and a fifth radius. The outer cladding is defined by the fifth radius and a sixth radius.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre (100). The optical fibre (100) includes a glass core (102), a trench region (106) and a cladding (108). The trench region (106) has a trench curve parameter ?trench in range of 5 to 8. The optical fibre (100) has a mode field diameter in range of 8.7 micrometers to 9.7 micrometers at wavelength of 1310 nanometer.

Abstract: An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the beam parameter product and/or beam shape of a laser beam is adjusted by coupling the laser beam into an optical fiber of a fiber bundle and directing the laser beam onto one or more in-coupling locations on the input end of the optical fiber. The beam emitted at the output end of the optical fiber may be utilized to process a workpiece.

Abstract: A low-dispersion single-mode fiber includes a core and claddings covering the core. The core layer has a radius in a range of 3-5 ?m and a relative refractive index difference in a range of 0.15% to 0.45%. The claddings comprise a first depressed cladding, a raised cladding, a second depressed cladding, and an outer cladding arranged sequentially from inside to outside. The first depressed cladding has a unilateral width in a range of 2-7 ?m and a relative refractive index difference in a range of ?0.4% to 0.03%. The raised cladding has a unilateral width in a range of 2-7 ?m and a relative refractive index difference in a range of 0.05% to 0.20%. The second depressed cladding has a unilateral width in a range of 0-8 ?m and a relative refractive index difference in a range of 0% to ?0.2%. The outer cladding is formed of pure silicon dioxide glass.

Abstract: An array-type polarization-maintaining multi-core fiber includes a main outer cladding, fiber core units, and stress units. The fiber core units and the stress units are arranged to form a unit array including one central unit and any unit in the unit array being equidistantly arranged from adjacent units thereof. Provided is at least one pair of stress units, each pair of stress units being arranged symmetrical about one fiber core unit to form a polarization-maintaining fiber core unit. The fiber core units each include a fiber core and an inner cladding surrounding a core layer. A portion outside the fiber core units and the stress units is the main outer cladding. The fiber can greatly enhance spectral efficiency of an optical transmission system, and improve fiber communication capacity.

Abstract: A multicore optical fiber comprising: a depressed index common-cladding region having a refractive index ?cc; and a plurality of core portions disposed within the depressed index common-cladding region, wherein each core portion comprises: a central axis, a core region comprising a relative refractive index ?1, an inner-cladding region encircling and directly contacting the core region comprising a relative refractive index ?2, a trench region encircling and directly contacting the inner cladding region comprising a relative refractive index ?3, and an outer-cladding region encircling and directly contacting the trench region comprising a relative refractive index ?4, wherein the refractive index of the depressed index common-cladding region ?cc is less than the refractive index of the outer-cladding region ?4, and wherein a difference between the refractive index of the depressed index common-cladding region ?cc and the refractive index of the first outer-cladding region ?4 is greater than 0.05% ?.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes: a central core portion; an intermediate layer formed around an outer circumference of the central core portion; a trench layer formed around an outer circumference of the intermediate layer; and a cladding portion formed around an outer circumference of the trench layer. Further, when, relative to the cladding portion, a relative refractive-index difference of the central core portion is ?1, a relative refractive-index difference of the intermediate layer is ?2, and a relative refractive-index difference of the trench layer is ?3, relationships ?1>?2>?3 and 0>?3 are satisfied and ?1 is equal to or greater than 0.34% and equal to or less than 0.40%, |?3| is equal to or less than 0.25%, and ?1×|?3| is less than 0.08%2.

Abstract: A fiber-to-chip coupler includes a substrate, a waveguide on a top surface of the substrate, an optical fiber axially aligned to the waveguide, and a cap. The waveguide has a uniform region with uniform width and a tapered-waveguide region having a width that adiabatically increases from a minimum width to the uniform width. The optical fiber has a tapered fiber tip having a minimum core diameter, a cylindrical section having a maximum core diameter, and a tapered-fiber section therebetween. The optical fiber is located at least in part above the tapered-waveguide region, and has a core diameter that adiabatically decreases within a taper length of the tapered-fiber section. The cap extends from the tapered fiber tip toward the cylindrical section, is formed of a second material having a cap refractive index that exceeds a refractive index of the optical fiber, and includes a cap-region disposed on the tapered-waveguide region.

Abstract: A low-dispersion single-mode optical fiber includes a core and a cladding covering the core. The core has a relative refractive index difference of 0.30-0.65% and a radius of 2.5-4.5 ?m. The cladding layer including first, second, third cladding layers and an outer cladding arranged sequentially from inside to outside. The first cladding layer covers the core, and has a relative refractive index difference of ?0.70% to ?0.30% and a radius of 4.5-7.5 ?m. The second cladding layer covers the first cladding layer, and has a relative refractive index difference of ?0.20% to 0.25% and a radius of 7.0-12.0 ?m. The third cladding layer covers the second cladding layer, and has a relative refractive index difference of ?0.60% to 0.00% and a radius of 10.0-20.0 ?m. The outer cladding covers the third cladding layer, and is a layer made of pure silicon dioxide glass.

Abstract: A quantum communications system includes a quantum key generation system having a photonic quantum bit generator, a low loss dispersion limiting fiber having a length L, for example greater than 200 km, and a photon detector unit and a communications network having a signal generator, a signal channel, and a signal receiver. The low loss dispersion limiting fiber extends between and optically couples the photonic quantum bit generator and the photon detector unit. Further, the low loss dispersion limiting fiber is structurally configured to limit dispersion at an absolute dispersion rate of about 9 ps/(nm)km or less, and preferably 0.5 ps/(nm)km or less, and induce attenuation at an attenuation rate of about 0.175 dB/km or less such that the quantum key bit information of a plurality of photons output by the one or more photonic quantum bit generators is receivable at the photon detector unit at a bit rate of at least 10 Gbit/sec.

Abstract: A first fiber is connected to a first end of a third fiber doped with a rare earth element, and a second fiber is connected to a second end of the third fiber. In the third fiber doped with the rare earth element, a central portion of a core is more heavily doped with the rare earth element than a peripheral portion of the core is.

Abstract: A method of forming an optical fiber preform includes: flowing a silicon halide and an oxidizer inside of a substrate tube, wherein a molar ratio of the silicon halide to the oxidizer is from about 1.5 to about 5.0; applying a plasma to the substrate tube to heat the substrate tube to a temperature of from about 1000° C. to about 1700° C.; and depositing silica glass comprising a halogen inside the substrate tube.

Abstract: A multi-core fiber includes: plural cores made of silica-based glass; and a cladding enclosing the plural cores and made of silica-based glass, the cladding having a refractive index lower than a maximum refractive index of the plural cores. Further, the multi-core fiber has a mode field diameter of 5.0 ?m or larger at a wavelength of 1100 nm, the multi-core fiber provides single-mode propagation at the wavelength of 1100 nm, the multi-core fiber has a bending loss of 1 dB/turn or less at the wavelength of 1100 nm when the multi-core fiber is bent at a radius of 2 mm, and the multi-core fiber has a crosstalk between cores of ?30 dB/km or less.

Abstract: An optical fiber according to an embodiment includes a core and a cladding. The average value n1_ave of the refractive index of the core, the minimum value nc_min of the refractive index of the cladding, and the refractive index n0 of pure silica glass satisfy relationships of n1_ave>nc_min and nc_min<n0. The cladding contains fluorine. The fluorine concentration in the cladding is adjusted to be minimum in the outermost portion of the cladding including the outer peripheral surface of the cladding.

Abstract: Aspects described herein include a mode multiplexer comprising a first optical waveguide extending between a first port and a second port. A first input mode of an optical signal entering the first port is propagated through the first optical waveguide to the second port. The mode multiplexer further comprises a second optical waveguide configured to evanescently couple with a coupling section of the first optical waveguide. A second input mode of the optical signal entering the first port is propagated through the second optical waveguide to a third port. The first optical waveguide further defines a filtering section between the coupling section and the second port, the filtering section configured to filter the second input mode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical fibre. The optical fibre includes a core region, a primary trench region and a secondary trench region. The core region has a radius r1. In addition, the core region has a relative refractive index ?1. Further, the primary trench region has a relative refractive index ?3. Furthermore, the primary trench region has a curve parameter ?trench-1. Moreover, the secondary trench region has a relative refractive index ?4. Also, the secondary trench region has a curve parameter ?trench-2.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an amplified spontaneous emission source, which in turn includes an optical fiber. The optical fiber includes a solid core and a first end. The solid core includes a silica matrix. The silica matrix includes a rare-earth element and a glass co-dopant. The rare-earth element includes dysprosium or neodymium. The glass co-dopant includes Al2O3. The apparatus further includes a laser pump diode coupled to the first end of the optical fiber. The laser pump diode and the optical fiber cooperate to generate a spontaneous spectral emission confined to the solid core. The spontaneous spectral emission includes a simultaneous plurality of spectral regions.

Abstract: An optically powered Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna may use a fiber-optic link to receive optical power and transmit an optical signal that contains a common time signal from one or more satellites, which may allow long-distance power and signal transmission with high efficiency and reliability. The common time signal may be used to synchronize intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) of an electric power delivery system.

Abstract: A method of measuring a diameter of a core portion of an optical fiber preform including the core portion having a relatively high refractive index and a clad portion having a relatively low refractive index. The method includes applying parallel light to the optical fiber preform, and measuring the diameter of the core portion from an image captured by receiving the light having transmitted through the optical fiber preform.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a glass-fibre preform with a core of a polygonal cross section by using a rod-in-tube method and comprising the method steps of: providing a core rod (1) of a polygonal core rod cross section (2), producing a sectored sandwich tube (3) from a starting tube (4), wherein the lateral surface of the starting tube (4) is slit in the longitudinal direction into a series of outer segments (8), and so the tube cross section of the starting tube (4) is subdivided into a series of sectors of a circle (7), inserting the core rod (1) into the sectored sandwich tube (3) and aligning it and, in the case of one embodiment, inserting the core rod (1) and the sectored sandwich tube (3) into an outer casing tube (10) with a complete annular cross section and melting the sectored sandwich tube (3) and possibly the outer casing tube (10) onto the sectored sandwich tube (3), wherein the outer segments (8) of the sectored sandwich tube (3) are fused to the respective side surfaces (9

Abstract: Laterally emitting optical waveguides and method introduce micromodifications into an optical waveguide and provide optical waveguides. The waveguides and methods comprise an optical wave-guiding core, a region in the optical waveguide, wherein the micro-modifications are arranged in the region of the optical waveguide, wherein the arrangement of the micro-modifications is ordered.

Abstract: A quantum communications system includes a quantum key generation system having a photonic quantum bit generator, a dispersion compensating optical fiber link, and a photon detector unit and a communications network having a signal generator, a signal channel, and a signal receiver. The dispersion compensating optical fiber link extends between and optically couples the photonic quantum bit generator and the photon detector unit. Further, the dispersion compensating optical fiber link is structurally configured to induce dispersion at an absolute dispersion rate of about 9 ps/(nm)km or less and induce attenuation at an attenuation rate of about 0.18 dB/Km or less such that the quantum key bit information of a plurality of photons output by the one or more photonic quantum bit generators is receivable at the photon detector unit at a bit rate of at least about 10 Gbit/sec.

Abstract: A higher-order mode (HOM) fiber is configured as a polarization-maintaining fiber by including a pair of stress rods at a location within the cladding layer that provides for a sufficient degree of birefringence without unduly comprising the spatial mode profile of the propagating higher-order modes. An optical imaging system utilizing polarization-maintaining HOM fiber allows for different wavelength probe signals to be directed into different modes, useful in applications such as STED microscopy, 2D sensing, and the like.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes a core and a cladding. The core contains silica glass and includes a central portion (part having a diameter of 0.5 ?m or more and 4 ?m or less). The central portion has the central axis of the optical fiber. The cladding contains silica glass and surrounds the core. The core contains chlorine. A chlorine concentration averaged in the entire core is 10,000 ppm or more and 50,000 ppm or less. The chlorine concentration averaged in the entire core minus a chlorine concentration averaged in the central portion is 4,500 ppm or more and 13,500 ppm or less.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes: a core; a depressed layer surrounding the core; and a cladding surrounding the depressed layer. A refractive index profile of the core is an ?-th power distribution having an index ? of 1.0 or more and 2.9 or less. A relative refractive index difference ?? of the depressed layer with respect to the cladding has an absolute value |??| that is 0.05% or more and 0.15% or less. A ratio r1/r2 of a radius r1 of the core to an outer radius r2 of the depressed layer is 0.35 or more and 0.60 or less. A cable cutoff wavelength ?cc of 22 m is less than 1.26 ?m. A mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1.31 inn is larger than 8.6 inn and smaller than 9.5 ?m.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes one or more pump sources situated to provide laser pump light, and a gain fiber optically coupled to the one or more pump sources, the gain fiber including an actively doped core situated to produce an output beam, an inner cladding and outer cladding surrounding the doped core and situated to propagate pump light, and a polymer cladding surrounding the outer cladding and situated to guide a selected portion of the pump light coupled into the inner and outer claddings of the gain fiber. Methods of pumping a fiber sources include generating pump light from one or more pump sources, coupling the pump light into a glass inner cladding and a glass outer cladding of a gain fiber of the fiber source such that a portion of the pump light is guided by a polymer cladding surrounding the glass outer cladding, and generating a single-mode output beam from the gain fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber ribbon is formed by connecting a plurality of optical fiber colored core wires to each other with a connector formed of a UV curable resin. Each of the optical fiber colored core wires includes: a bare optical fiber; a primary layer that comprises a UV curable resin that covers the bare optical fiber; a secondary layer that comprises a UV curable resin that covers the primary layer; and a colored layer disposed outside the secondary layer and that comprises a colored UV curable resin. The primary layer has a Young's modulus that is greater than or equal to 75% of a saturated Young's modulus of the primary layer.

Abstract: An optical fiber is made of silica-based glass and includes a core, a first cladding that surrounds the core and that has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the core; and a second cladding that surrounds the first cladding and that has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the core and higher than the refractive index of the first cladding. At least a part of the first cladding contains a photosensitive material whose refractive index increases by irradiation with light having a specific wavelength. A difference ?n between a refractive index of a portion of the first cladding, the portion being nearest to the core, and the refractive index of the core is in a range of 0.25% to 0.30%. The radius ra of the core is larger than 4.3 ?m and smaller than or equal to 5.0 ?m.

Abstract: A rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber includes a rare earth ion-doped fiber core, an inner cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer. A cross section of the inner cladding layer is a non-circular plane including at least two arcuate notches. According to the provided optical fiber, optical processing can be performed on a preform without changing a preform preparation process and a drawing process. The inner cladding is designed to have a non-circular planar structure having a cross section with at least two arcuate notches. While maintaining the same light absorption efficiency of pump light within the cladding layer, a preform polishing process is simplified, a risk of cracking the preform during polishing of multiple surfaces and a risk of contamination of the preform caused by impurities are reduced, wire drawing control precision is better, and comprehensive performance of the optical fiber is improved.

Abstract: A hollow glass waveguide and related method are provided. The microwave waveguide includes a glass body including a first end, a second end, an outer glass surface extending between the first end and the second end, an inner glass surface defining a hollow channel that extends from the first end to the second end and a glass material between the outer surface and the inner surface. The microwave waveguide includes a layer of metal embedded in the glass body. The layer of metal surrounds the hollow channel when viewed in cross-section and extends between the first end and the second end of the glass body. The layer of metal is electrically conductive and the hollow channel is dimensioned such that microwaves introduced into the hollow channel are conducted along the hollow channel between the first end and the second end.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optical alignment to a silicon photonically-enabled integrated circuit may include aligning an optical assembly to a photonics die comprising a transceiver by, at least, communicating optical signals from the optical assembly into a plurality of grating couplers in the photonics die, communicating the one or more optical signals from the plurality of grating couplers to optical taps, with each tap having a first output coupled to the transceiver and a second output coupled to a corresponding output grating coupler, and monitoring an output optical signal communicated out of said photonic chip via said output grating couplers. The monitored output optical signal may be maximized by adjusting a position of the optical assembly. The optical assembly may include an optical source assembly comprising one or more lasers or the optical assembly may comprise a fiber array. Such a fiber array may include single mode optical fibers.