Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a glass-fibre preform with a core of a polygonal cross section by using a rod-in-tube method and comprising the method steps of: providing a core rod (1) of a polygonal core rod cross section (2), producing a sectored sandwich tube (3) from a starting tube (4), wherein the lateral surface of the starting tube (4) is slit in the longitudinal direction into a series of outer segments (8), and so the tube cross section of the starting tube (4) is subdivided into a series of sectors of a circle (7), inserting the core rod (1) into the sectored sandwich tube (3) and aligning it and, in the case of one embodiment, inserting the core rod (1) and the sectored sandwich tube (3) into an outer casing tube (10) with a complete annular cross section and melting the sectored sandwich tube (3) and possibly the outer casing tube (10) onto the sectored sandwich tube (3), wherein the outer segments (8) of the sectored sandwich tube (3) are fused to the respective side surfaces (9

Abstract: A quantum communications system includes a quantum key generation system having a photonic quantum bit generator, a dispersion compensating optical fiber link, and a photon detector unit and a communications network having a signal generator, a signal channel, and a signal receiver. The dispersion compensating optical fiber link extends between and optically couples the photonic quantum bit generator and the photon detector unit. Further, the dispersion compensating optical fiber link is structurally configured to induce dispersion at an absolute dispersion rate of about 9 ps/(nm)km or less and induce attenuation at an attenuation rate of about 0.18 dB/Km or less such that the quantum key bit information of a plurality of photons output by the one or more photonic quantum bit generators is receivable at the photon detector unit at a bit rate of at least about 10 Gbit/sec.

Abstract: Laterally emitting optical waveguides and method introduce micromodifications into an optical waveguide and provide optical waveguides. The waveguides and methods comprise an optical wave-guiding core, a region in the optical waveguide, wherein the micro-modifications are arranged in the region of the optical waveguide, wherein the arrangement of the micro-modifications is ordered.

Abstract: A higher-order mode (HOM) fiber is configured as a polarization-maintaining fiber by including a pair of stress rods at a location within the cladding layer that provides for a sufficient degree of birefringence without unduly comprising the spatial mode profile of the propagating higher-order modes. An optical imaging system utilizing polarization-maintaining HOM fiber allows for different wavelength probe signals to be directed into different modes, useful in applications such as STED microscopy, 2D sensing, and the like.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes a core and a cladding. The core contains silica glass and includes a central portion (part having a diameter of 0.5 ?m or more and 4 ?m or less). The central portion has the central axis of the optical fiber. The cladding contains silica glass and surrounds the core. The core contains chlorine. A chlorine concentration averaged in the entire core is 10,000 ppm or more and 50,000 ppm or less. The chlorine concentration averaged in the entire core minus a chlorine concentration averaged in the central portion is 4,500 ppm or more and 13,500 ppm or less.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes: a core; a depressed layer surrounding the core; and a cladding surrounding the depressed layer. A refractive index profile of the core is an ?-th power distribution having an index ? of 1.0 or more and 2.9 or less. A relative refractive index difference ?? of the depressed layer with respect to the cladding has an absolute value |??| that is 0.05% or more and 0.15% or less. A ratio r1/r2 of a radius r1 of the core to an outer radius r2 of the depressed layer is 0.35 or more and 0.60 or less. A cable cutoff wavelength ?cc of 22 m is less than 1.26 ?m. A mode field diameter at a wavelength of 1.31 inn is larger than 8.6 inn and smaller than 9.5 ?m.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes one or more pump sources situated to provide laser pump light, and a gain fiber optically coupled to the one or more pump sources, the gain fiber including an actively doped core situated to produce an output beam, an inner cladding and outer cladding surrounding the doped core and situated to propagate pump light, and a polymer cladding surrounding the outer cladding and situated to guide a selected portion of the pump light coupled into the inner and outer claddings of the gain fiber. Methods of pumping a fiber sources include generating pump light from one or more pump sources, coupling the pump light into a glass inner cladding and a glass outer cladding of a gain fiber of the fiber source such that a portion of the pump light is guided by a polymer cladding surrounding the glass outer cladding, and generating a single-mode output beam from the gain fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber ribbon is formed by connecting a plurality of optical fiber colored core wires to each other with a connector formed of a UV curable resin. Each of the optical fiber colored core wires includes: a bare optical fiber; a primary layer that comprises a UV curable resin that covers the bare optical fiber; a secondary layer that comprises a UV curable resin that covers the primary layer; and a colored layer disposed outside the secondary layer and that comprises a colored UV curable resin. The primary layer has a Young's modulus that is greater than or equal to 75% of a saturated Young's modulus of the primary layer.

Abstract: An optical fiber is made of silica-based glass and includes a core, a first cladding that surrounds the core and that has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the core; and a second cladding that surrounds the first cladding and that has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the core and higher than the refractive index of the first cladding. At least a part of the first cladding contains a photosensitive material whose refractive index increases by irradiation with light having a specific wavelength. A difference ?n between a refractive index of a portion of the first cladding, the portion being nearest to the core, and the refractive index of the core is in a range of 0.25% to 0.30%. The radius ra of the core is larger than 4.3 ?m and smaller than or equal to 5.0 ?m.

Abstract: A rare earth-doped double-clad optical fiber includes a rare earth ion-doped fiber core, an inner cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer. A cross section of the inner cladding layer is a non-circular plane including at least two arcuate notches. According to the provided optical fiber, optical processing can be performed on a preform without changing a preform preparation process and a drawing process. The inner cladding is designed to have a non-circular planar structure having a cross section with at least two arcuate notches. While maintaining the same light absorption efficiency of pump light within the cladding layer, a preform polishing process is simplified, a risk of cracking the preform during polishing of multiple surfaces and a risk of contamination of the preform caused by impurities are reduced, wire drawing control precision is better, and comprehensive performance of the optical fiber is improved.

Abstract: A hollow glass waveguide and related method are provided. The microwave waveguide includes a glass body including a first end, a second end, an outer glass surface extending between the first end and the second end, an inner glass surface defining a hollow channel that extends from the first end to the second end and a glass material between the outer surface and the inner surface. The microwave waveguide includes a layer of metal embedded in the glass body. The layer of metal surrounds the hollow channel when viewed in cross-section and extends between the first end and the second end of the glass body. The layer of metal is electrically conductive and the hollow channel is dimensioned such that microwaves introduced into the hollow channel are conducted along the hollow channel between the first end and the second end.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optical alignment to a silicon photonically-enabled integrated circuit may include aligning an optical assembly to a photonics die comprising a transceiver by, at least, communicating optical signals from the optical assembly into a plurality of grating couplers in the photonics die, communicating the one or more optical signals from the plurality of grating couplers to optical taps, with each tap having a first output coupled to the transceiver and a second output coupled to a corresponding output grating coupler, and monitoring an output optical signal communicated out of said photonic chip via said output grating couplers. The monitored output optical signal may be maximized by adjusting a position of the optical assembly. The optical assembly may include an optical source assembly comprising one or more lasers or the optical assembly may comprise a fiber array. Such a fiber array may include single mode optical fibers.

Abstract: An embodiment of a system for performing measurements in a downhole environment includes an optical interrogation assembly configured to emit a pulsed optical signal, the pulsed optical signal including a selected wavelength, and an optical fiber configured to be disposed in a borehole in an earth formation and configured to receive the pulsed optical signal, the optical fiber having at least one measurement location disposed therein and configured to at least partially reflect the pulsed optical signal. The optical fiber has a core and a cladding, at least a portion of the core made from at least substantially pure silica, and the optical fiber has a refractive index profile configured to have a zero dispersion wavelength that is greater than the selected wavelength.

Abstract: Optical fiber filters and uses thereof are presented. In typical implementations, there is provided a FBG taking deleterious light out of a fiber core without reflecting it into the fiber core. It also allows the unhindered transmission of useful light at a wavelength outside of the spectral band covered by the deleterious light. The filter couples the incoming deleterious light to cladding modes propagating in the opposite direction without coupling the incoming useful light to core or cladding modes propagating in the opposite direction. The filter may for example be useful as a Raman or ASE filter in a laser cavity of other optical devices.

Abstract: A high-power fiber cladding power stripper comprises a core unit, a cladding layer, a grating structure, and a jacket. The core unit is an optical conductive material. The cladding layer is disposed outside the core unit, wherein a refractive index of the cladding layer is lower than that of the core unit. The grating structure, disposed outside the cladding layer, is for producing diffraction effects. The jacket surrounds and protects the core unit, the cladding layer, and the grating structure. Hence, in a high-power fiber laser system, the cladding power stripper can be utilized for removing residual pump energy before the laser light entering an output collimator.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes one or more pump sources situated to provide laser pump light, and a gain fiber optically coupled to the one or more pump sources, the gain fiber including an actively doped core situated to produce an output beam, an inner cladding and outer cladding surrounding the doped core and situated to propagate pump light, and a polymer cladding surrounding the outer cladding and situated to guide a selected portion of the pump light coupled into the inner and outer claddings of the gain fiber. Methods of pumping a fiber sources include generating pump light from one or more pump sources, coupling the pump light into a glass inner cladding and a glass outer cladding of a gain fiber of the fiber source such that a portion of the pump light is guided by a polymer cladding surrounding the glass outer cladding, and generating a single-mode output beam from the gain fiber.

Abstract: A system for extracting material from a region of interest includes a fluid delivery base comprising an inlet channel and an outlet channel formed within the fluid delivery base, a gasket affixed to the fluid delivery base, wherein the gasket comprises at least one opening exposing an open end of the inlet channel and an open end of the outlet channel; a support comprising a sample-supporting surface facing the gasket and an opposing surface; and an alignment member coupled to the opposing surface in a fixed position and such that the support is positioned between the fluid delivery base and the alignment member, wherein one or both of the alignment member or the fluid delivery base are biased towards one another by a force (e.g., a magnet or spring force) and wherein the fluid delivery base is separable from the support and configured to move along a plane of the sample-supporting surface to align with the alignment member.

Abstract: Provided are an optical fiber that has a short zero-dispersion wavelength, has high nonlinearity, and can cause broadband supercontinuum light to be generated with high efficiency, and a light source device that can output broadband supercontinuum light by using the optical fiber. A light source device includes a seed light source that outputs light with a central wavelength 1000 nm or more and 1650 nm or less and an optical fiber that receives the light output from the seed light source, allows the light to propagate therethrough, causes broadband light with an expanded band to be generated in accordance with a nonlinear optical phenomenon while the light propagates therethrough, and outputs the broadband light. The optical fiber is composed of silica glass, has a zero-dispersion wavelength of 1290 nm to 1350 nm, and has an effective area of 14 ?m2 or smaller at a wavelength of 1550 nm.

Abstract: An embodiment of a waveguide has a Brillouin bandwidth, and includes cladding and a core. The cladding includes first layers of a first material, each first layer having a physical characteristic of approximately a first value, and includes second layers of a second material, each second layer having the physical characteristic of approximately a second value, the second layers alternating with the first layers such that the Brillouin bandwidth is wider than the Brillouin bandwidth would be if the cladding excluded the first layers or excluded the second layers. For example, the first and second cladding layers can be formed from different materials, or can be formed having different values of a physical characteristic such as thickness, acoustic velocity, or index of refraction. Such a waveguide can facilitate alignment of the waveguide's optical bandwidth with the waveguide's Brillouin bandwidth because the Brillouin bandwidth is widened compared to conventional waveguides.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a CMCF including a structure to achieve more efficient reduction in transmission loss by suppressing decrease in concentration of alkali metal due to diffusion of alkali metal. In the CMCF including a plurality of cores, a power coupling coefficient h between adjacent cores is set to 1×10?3/m or more, to maintain an optical coupling state between the adjacent cores. In addition, alkali metal contributing to reduction in transmission loss is added to each of the cores such that a stress maximum value ?_max between adjacent cores has a negative value.

Abstract: Optical fiber filters and uses thereof are presented. In typical implementations, there is provided a FBG taking deleterious light out of a fiber core without reflecting it into the fiber core. It also allows the unhindered transmission of useful light at a wavelength outside of the spectral band covered by the deleterious light. The filter couples the incoming deleterious light to cladding modes propagating in the opposite direction without coupling the incoming useful light to core or cladding modes propagating in the opposite direction. The filter may for example be useful as a Raman or ASE filter in a laser cavity of other optical devices.

Abstract: A residual light removal structure 70 is used to remove residual light in a double-clad fiber 40 having a core 60, a cladding 62 having a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the core 60, and a covering material 64 having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the cladding 62. The residual light removal structure 70 has a fiber housing 72 that houses part of the double-clad fiber 40, a cladding exposure portion 74 in which part of the whole circumference of the cladding 62 is exposed from the covering material 64 along a longitudinal direction of the double-clad fiber 40, and a resin 76 filled within the fiber housing 72 so as to cover at least the cladding exposure portion 74. The resin 76 has a refractive index that is equal to or higher than the refractive index of the cladding 62. For example, the cladding exposure portion is formed with a range of angles less than 180° about an axis of the double-clad fiber 40 in a cross-section perpendicular to the axis.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optical alignment to a silicon photonically-enabled integrated circuit may include aligning an optical assembly to a photonics die comprising a transceiver by, at least, communicating optical signals from the optical assembly into a plurality of grating couplers in the photonics die, communicating the one or more optical signals from the plurality of grating couplers to optical taps, with each tap having a first output coupled to the transceiver and a second output coupled to a corresponding output grating coupler, and monitoring an output optical signal communicated out of said photonic chip via said output grating couplers. The monitored output optical signal may be maximized by adjusting a position of the optical assembly. The optical assembly may include an optical source assembly comprising one or more lasers or the optical assembly may comprise a fiber array. Such a fiber array may include single mode optical fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a micro-nozzle array comprising a plurality of capillaries comprising a first silica-based material and a second silica-based material substantially surrounding the first silica-based material of the plurality of capillaries, and a plurality of nozzles extending beyond a face of the micro-nozzle array, each nozzle corresponding to a single capillary, wherein each nozzle comprises the first silica-based material. The micro-nozzle array may be used in hydrodynamic or electro-osmotic applications. In one embodiment the micro-nozzle array is a multiple electrospray emitter. The invention also relates to methods for preparing and using micro-nozzle arrays.

Abstract: An optical fiber has a core region that is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured, such that, in a Raman spectrum with a frequency shift of approximately 600 cm?1, the fiber has a nanoscale structure having an integrated D2 line defect intensity of less than 0.025. Alternatively, the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured such that the fiber has a residual axial compressive stress with a stress magnitude of more than 20 MPa and a stress radial extent between 2 and 7 times the core radius. According to another aspect of the invention a majority of the optical propagation through the fiber is supported by an identified group of fiber regions comprising the core region and one or more adjacent cladding regions.

Abstract: The core region of an optical fiber is doped with chlorine in a concentration that allows for the viscosity of the core region to be lowered, approaching the viscosity of the surrounding cladding. An annular interface region is disposed between the core and cladding and contains a concentration of fluorine dopant sufficient to match the viscosity of the core. By including this annular stress accommodation region, the cladding layer can be formed to include the relatively high concentration of fluorine required to provide the desired degree of optical signal confinement (i.e., forming a “low loss” optical fiber). The inclusion of the annular stress accommodation region allows for the formation of a large effective area optical fiber that exhibits low loss (i.e., <0.19 dB/km) in both the C-band and L-band transmission ranges.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an optical fiber that includes a glass core region that has nano-sized structures configured to scatter light propagating in the glass core region. The glass core region has an average refractive index navg. The fiber includes an interior glass cladding region that has an interior cladding refractive index n2 that is less than navg. The fiber includes an outer cladding region that has an outer cladding refractive index n3 that is less than n2. A refractive index difference of n2?n3 corresponds to a bend uniformity diameter; the light exiting the outer cladding at a fiber bending location is substantially non-uniform when a bending diameter of the fiber bending location is less than the bend uniformity diameter.

Abstract: An optical fiber with low attenuation and methods of making same are disclosed. The optical fiber has a core, an inner cladding surround the core, and an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding. The outer cladding is chlorine-doped such that the relative refractive index varies as a function of radius. The radially varying relative refractive index profile of the outer cladding reduces excess stress in the core and inner cladding, which helps lower fiber attenuation while also reducing macrobend and microbend loss. A process of fabricating the optical fiber includes doping an overclad soot layer of a soot preform with chlorine and then removing a portion of the chlorine dopant from an outermost region of the overclad soot layer. The soot preform with the modified chlorine dopant profile is then sintered to form a glass preform, which can then be used for drawing the optical fiber.

Abstract: An electrically conductive article that includes a monolithic glass body having a first primary surface; and an electrically conducting element formed in the body. The element includes a discrete layer, or a plurality of discrete layers, of metallic silver. Each layer has a thickness T such that 0.1 ?m?T?0.5 ?m and an electrical resistivity of about 50 n?·m to about 2000 n?·m. In addition, the element is spaced apart from the first primary surface by a distance D, wherein 0.1 ?m?D?20 ?m. In some aspects, the electrically conducting element and/or the monolithic glass body are configured as an antenna assembly, an optical fiber or a flexible glass substrate.

Abstract: Optical fibers having a mode field diameter at 1310 nm of at least 8.8 ?m, wire mesh covered drum microbending losses at 1550 nm less than 0.03 dB/km, and a 2 m cutoff wavelength less than 1320 nm. The fibers may include a central core region, an inner cladding region, an outer cladding region, a primary coating with an in situ modulus less than 0.20 MPa and glass transition temperature less than ?35° C., and a secondary coating with an in situ modulus greater than 1500 MPa. The fibers may further include a depressed index cladding region. The relative refractive index of the central core region may be greater than the relative refractive index of the outer cladding region may be greater than the relative refractive index of the inner cladding region. The fibers may be produced at draw speeds of 30 m/s or greater.

Abstract: A doping optimized single-mode optical fiber with ultra low attenuation includes a core layer and cladding layers. The cladding layers has an inner cladding layer surrounding the core layer, a trench cladding layer surrounding the inner cladding layer, an auxiliary outer cladding layer surrounding the trench cladding layer, and an outer cladding layer surrounding the auxiliary outer cladding layer. The content of fluorine in the core layer is ?0.5 wt %, ?Ge?0.12%, ?n1?0.12%. The content of fluorine in the inner cladding layer is 0.5-1.5 wt %, ?n2??0.14%. The content of fluorine in the trench cladding layer is 1-3 wt %, ?n3??0.25%. The content of fluorine in the auxiliary outer cladding layer is 0.5-2 wt %, ?n4??0.14%. The outer cladding layer is a pure silicon dioxide glass layer and/or a metal-doped silicon dioxide glass layer.

Abstract: Optical fibers having a large effective area are disclosed. Three main embodiments of the optical fiber allow for single-mode operation at wavelengths of 850 nm, 980 nm and 1060 nm, respectively and have a large effective area with low bend losses. The large effective area optical fiber is expected to be particularly useful for data center applications due to its ability to efficiently optically couple with photonic integrated devices. Integrated systems and optical communication systems that employ the optical fibers are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical fiber has a core region that is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured, such that, in a Raman spectrum with a frequency shift of approximately 600 cm?1, the fiber has a nanoscale structure having an integrated D2 line defect intensity of less than 0.025. Alternatively, the core region is doped with one or more viscosity-reducing dopants in respective amounts that are configured such that the fiber has a residual axial compressive stress with a stress magnitude of more than 20 MPa and a stress radial extent between 2 and 7 times the core radius. According to another aspect of the invention a majority of the optical propagation through the fiber is supported by an identified group of fiber regions comprising the core region and one or more adjacent cladding regions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fiber optic device that enables multiphoton imaging with improved signal-to-noise ratio having a single piece of double-clad fiber (DCF). The device also includes all components for focusing, scanning and signal collection within an endomicroscope probe of 2.1 mm outer diameter (OD). The unprecedented imaging capability of this miniature endomicroscope is demonstrated herein via both ex vivo and in vivo experiments.

Abstract: An optical fiber comprising: (i) a core comprising silica and having a maximum relative refractive index delta ?1MAX; and LP01 effective area >100 ?m2 at 1550 nm; (ii) an inner cladding surrounding the core and having a minimum relative refractive index delta ?2MIN and ?coreMAX>?2MIN; (iii) an outer cladding surrounding the inner cladding and comprising a first outer cladding portion with a maximum refractive index ?3A such that ?3A>?2MIN; and another outer cladding portion surrounding the first outer cladding portion with a maximum refractive index delta ?3B wherein with a maximum refractive index delta ?3B wherein ?3B>?3A, said another portion being the outermost portion of the outer cladding; and (iv) a coating layer surrounding the outer cladding, and in contact with said another outer cladding portion, the coating layer having a relative refractive index delta ?C wherein ?C>?3B.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes one or more pump sources situated to provide laser pump light, and a gain fiber optically coupled to the one or more pump sources, the gain fiber including an actively doped core situated to produce an output beam, an inner cladding and outer cladding surrounding the doped core and situated to propagate pump light, and a polymer cladding surrounding the outer cladding and situated to guide a selected portion of the pump light coupled into the inner and outer claddings of the gain fiber. Methods of pumping a fiber sources include generating pump light from one or more pump sources, coupling the pump light into a glass inner cladding and a glass outer cladding of a gain fiber of the fiber source such that a portion of the pump light is guided by a polymer cladding surrounding the glass outer cladding, and generating a single-mode output beam from the gain fiber.

Abstract: A hybrid fiber rod includes a fiber core and inner and outer cladding layers. The core is doped with an active element. The inner cladding layer surrounds the core, and has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the core. The outer cladding layer surrounds the inner cladding layer, and has a refractive index less than that of the core and inner cladding layer. The core length is about 30 to 2000 times the core diameter. A hybrid fiber rod laser system includes an oscillator laser, modulating device, the rod, and pump laser diode(s) energizing the rod from opposite ends. The rod acts as a waveguide for pump radiation but allows for free-space propagation of laser radiation. The rod may be used in a laser resonator. The core length is less than about twice the Rayleigh range. Degradation from single-mode to multi-mode beam propagation is thus avoided.

Abstract: A device including an elastic layer that, when depressed by an object, causes a local indentation in the layer, the geometry of the local indentation being in accordance with a force of depression, light emitters, light detectors, a light guide between the emitters and the layer directing light beams from the emitters into the layer at an angle such that the light beams, after entering the layer, remain confined to the layer by total internal reflection, a light guide between the detectors and the layer that directs light beams exiting the layer onto the detectors, each detector having a reference output value corresponding to expected light detection when no object is touching the layer, and a processor determining the object's force of depression based on the geometry of the local indentation in the layer, as calibrated by a deviation between actual and reference output values for one of the detectors.

Abstract: An apparatus may include an optical fiber having an angled grating aligned along a plane non-normal to a longitudinal axis of a distal end portion of the optical fiber. The angled grating may be configured to redirect a first laser energy propagated within the optical fiber and incident on the angled grating to a direction offset from the longitudinal axis. The apparatus may also include a metallic cap coupled to the optical fiber. The metallic cap may have an inner surface configured to redirect a second laser energy incident on the inner surface along the direction offset from the longitudinal axis. The second laser energy being different than the first laser energy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber, which relates to the field of special optical fibers. The small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber comprises a quartz optical fiber (5); the periphery thereof is provided with an inner coating (6) and an outer coating (8); the interior of the quartz optical fiber (5) is provided with an optical fiber core layer (1) and a quartz cladding (2); two stress zones (4) are arranged between the optical fiber core layer (1) and the quartz cladding (2); a buffer coating (7) is arranged between the inner coating (6) and the outer coating (8); the periphery of each stress zone (4) is provided with a buffer layer (3) which is concentric with the stress zone (4); when a working wavelength of a small-diameter polarization maintaining optical fiber is 1310 nm, the attenuation thereof reaches less than 0.

Abstract: A bundle structure is obtained by arranging optical fibers having equal diameters in a close-packed arrangement around the outer circumference of a center optical fiber. The optical fibers are signal light optical fibers that transmit signal lights. The optical fiber is a pump light optical fiber that transmits pump light. The number of optical fibers is equal to the number of cores in the multi-core fiber. The bundle structure and the multi-core fiber are connected to one another by adhering or fusing. The cores and the cores are optically connected, and the core and the cladding are optically connected. When connecting, the mode field diameter of the cores and the cores are substantially equivalent. In addition, the outer diameter (diameter of circumscribed circle including optical fibers) of the bundle structure is set so as not to be greater than the outer diameter of the multi-core fiber.

Abstract: A laser light source for emitting excitation light, a sample case, a photomultiplier tube, a fluorescence collecting optical system and so forth are embedded in a resin material that is transparent to the excitation light and the light including fluorescence emitted from a sample. The resin material is provided in at least part of a light path that guides the fluorescence in the fluorescence collecting optical system, and this resin forms a housing that holds the laser light source, the fluorescence collecting optical system, the photomultiplier and so forth. A pigment having wavelength characteristics for absorbing the excitation light, Raman light generated from the resin, and so forth is contained substantially in a uniform manner in a resin region that surrounds the light path through which the excitation light and the light including the fluorescence pass.

Abstract: The core region of an optical fiber is doped with chlorine in a concentration that allows for the viscosity of the core region to be lowered, approaching the viscosity of the surrounding cladding. An annular interface region is disposed between the core and cladding and contains a concentration of fluorine dopant sufficient to match the viscosity of the core. By including this annular stress accommodation region, the cladding layer can be formed to include the relatively high concentration of fluorine required to provide the desired degree of optical signal confinement (i.e., forming a “low loss” optical fiber).

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a BI-MMF with OH group concentrations controlled along a radial direction. In the BI-MMF, an OH group concentration distribution along the radial direction has a shape in which a concentration peak is located in a concentration control interval provided between an outer periphery of a core and a trench part, including an interface between the core and trench part.

Abstract: There is provided a cycloaliphatic resin, from which it is possible to formulate anticorrosive coatings, using the cycloaliphatic resin alone or as hybrid with epoxy cycloaliphatic resins or hydroxy-functionalized resins; both mixed with amino or aminosilane hardeners. The obtained coatings have superior physical properties of weatherability, gloss retention, toughness and impact resistance.

Abstract: An optical device includes: multiple cores each including an inner core and an outer core surrounding an outer circumferential surface of the inner core without any gap therebetween; and cladding surrounding an outer circumferential surface of the cores without any gap therebetween and having a refractive index lower than that of the outer core, wherein each of the cores has a tapered portion that is tapered from one side toward the other side thereof in a longitudinal direction, each of the inner cores includes a low-refractive-index portion, and a high-refractive-index portion surrounding an outer circumferential surface of the low-refractive-index portion without any gap therebetween and having a refractive index higher than that of the low-refractive-index portion, and the outer core has a refractive index lower than that of the high-refractive-index portion.

Abstract: Optical fiber profiles are shown in which the optical fiber has a large mode area, but is nevertheless sufficiently bend-insensitivity to comply with technical specifications for telecommunication optical fibers. The optical fibers meet two bend-loss conditions. First, they meet tight bend conditions, which reflects macro-bending due to coiling or bending of the optical fiber. Second, these optical fibers meet cable bend conditions, which reflect macro-bending conditions that are introduced as a result of cabling. By satisfying the tight bend-loss condition and then adjusting for the cable bend-loss condition, the optical fiber permits larger effective areas than normally achievable with only bend-compensation designs.

Abstract: Cladding-pumped Raman fiber lasers and amplifiers provide high-efficiency conversion efficiency at high brightness enhancement. Differential loss is applied to both single-pass configurations appropriate for pulsed amplification and laser oscillator configurations applied to high average power cw source generation.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, the bend insensitive single-mode optical fiber includes a core layer and cladding layers having an inner cladding layer, a trench cladding layer and an outer cladding layer sequentially formed surrounding the core layer from inside to outside. For the core layer, the diameter is 7-7.9 ?m, and the relative refractive index difference ?1 is between 4.6×10?3 and 6.0×10?3. For the inner cladding layer, the diameter is 15-17 ?m, and a relative refractive index difference ?2 is between ?3×10?4 and 3×10?4. For the trench cladding layer, the diameter is 24-33 ?m, and the relative refractive index difference ?3 is between ?2.9×10?3 and ?7.3×10?3, changes in a gradient manner and increases gradually from outside to inside, where a relative refractive index difference ?32 at an outermost interface is smaller than a relative refractive index difference ?31 at an innermost interface.

Abstract: A variety of luminaire modules are disclosed that are configured to output light provided by multiple light-emitting elements (LEEs). In general, embodiments of the luminaire modules feature at least two LEEs disposed on at least one substrate, at least two light guides that receive light from corresponding LEEs of the at least two LEEs, and at least one optical extractor that receives light from corresponding light guides from the at least two light guides.