Abstract: A chemical detector for rapid, simultaneous detection of multiple chemicals including chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial chemicals, and explosives having one or more gas chromatography columns each with a chemosorbent or a chemo-reactive stationary phase and an infrared-transparent base, a bright infrared light source, a mechanism to direct the light source to any point along any of the columns, and an infrared sensor. Another disclosed detector has one or more gas chromatography columns each on the surface of a substrate having at least one infrared-transparent waveguide pattern, a bright infrared light source, and at least one ring resonator for each column, where each ring resonator is coated with a chemosorbent or a chemo-reactive stationary phase, and where each ring resonator spectroscopically probes the stationary phase. Also disclosed are the related methods for chemical detection.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel monolayer and multilayer film that can be employed also for use in interior and exterior members of vehicles, and that have excellent transparency, surface hardness, chemical resistance, and stain resistance such as lactic acid resistance and sunscreen resistance. The present invention is directed to a fluororesin film formed with (C) a fluororesin comprising (B) a fluorinated (meth)acrylic resin that contains a fluorine-containing alkyl(meth)acrylate polymer component; and a fluororesin-laminated acrylic resin film, wherein the fluororesin film layer is laminated on at least one face of a film layer comprising (A) an acrylic resin.

Abstract: A waveguide for high efficiency transmission of high energy light useful in ablation procedures at predetermined bandwidths over predetermined distances comprising: an optical fiber core; a silanization agent; layered cladding surrounding the optical fiber core comprising: a first thin metal layer comprising at least two types of metals the first thin metal layer covalently bonded to the core and a second thin metal layer bonded to the second metal layer, and a catalyst component; wherein the silanization agent comprising organofunctional alkoxysilane molecule, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), is a self supporting bridge between the surface of the optical fiber and the first metal layer; the first metal layer is uniformly chemisorbed onto the surface of the optical fiber by means of covalent Si—O—Si bonds with the optical fiber; further wherein the catalyst component derived from an activation solution for enhancing the layered cladding upon the optical fiber.

Abstract: A polysiloxane elastomer containing liquid crystal lateral chain, and a smart watch made therefrom are disclosed. The polysiloxane elastomer containing liquid crystal lateral chain includes a polysiloxane backbone chain and a lateral chain formed by a liquid crystalline monomer and connected with the polysiloxane backbone chain, wherein the polysiloxane backbone chain is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A probe can be provided having a grating adapted for color spectrally encoded imaging. The probe can include a waveguide configuration, a light focusing configuration, and a grating configuration that can have a first grating pattern and a second grating pattern. The waveguide configuration can be configured and/or structured to cause to propagate a light having a first wavelength and a light having a second wavelength to propagate from the waveguide component, and the light focusing and waveguide configurations can provide the light to be incident on the grating configuration. The grating configuration can be configured and arranged such that the light having the first wavelength is diffracted by the first grating pattern to substantially the same location as the light having the second wavelength is diffracted by the second grating pattern.

Abstract: Ultrathin layers of organic polymers or organic-inorganic hybrid polymers are deposited onto a substrate using molecular layer deposition methods. The process uses vapor phase materials which contain a first functional group and react only monofunctionally at the surface to add a unit to the polymer chain. The vapor phase reactant in addition has a second functional group, which is different from the first functional group, or a blocked, masked or protected functional group, or else has a precursor to such a functional group.

Abstract: The present invention provides for synthetic turf infill materials and methods of making such materials wherein the surfaces of the materials have been modified with hydrophilic properties. The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a method to modify the surface of synthetic turf infill through coating, crosslinking or other methods. The surface of the infill is modified to become substantially hydrophilic with low contact angles. The present invention also provides a process for producing surfaces with hydrophilic properties.

Abstract: A heat-reduced package of an optical fiber head comprising a delivery optical fiber (DOF), a cladding mode stripper, an optical end cap, a beam shaper, a window, and a housing operates for delivering the laser light from DOF to free space with a uniform temperature gradient inside the housing while maintaining beam quality. The cladding mode stripper comprising a section of cladding-exposed DOF inside bore of the glass ferrule fused together is effective to remove cladding modes from DOF. The optical end cap comprising a corrugated structure is configured to deflect the cladding modes, reduce optical feedback, and facilitate optical and thermal dispersion. The housing comprises another corrugated structure on an inner wall to absorb undesired optical energy. The housing may further comprise a cooling slot to disperse the heat accumulated in the housing to its surroundings.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes an optical transmission medium having a core and a cladding; a primary resin layer disposed in contact with the optical transmission medium to coat the optical transmission medium; and a secondary resin layer coating the primary resin layer, wherein the primary resin layer comprises a cured product of an ultraviolet light curable resin composition comprising a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, a monomer and a photopolymerization initiator, and a compound containing phosphorus and tin as constituent atoms; and a Young's modulus of the primary resin layer is 0.5 MPa or less at 23° C.

Abstract: UV-curable glass fiber sizing compositions, glass fibers sized with a UV-curable sizing composition, sizing methods, and composites comprising such UV-curable sized glass fibers are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a display device in a mechanical method using wind, vibration. The mechanoluminescent display device includes a substrate having a predetermined shape, and projections formed with a predetermined pattern on the substrate. The projections are formed of a mixture of a stress luminescent material emitting light by mechanical energy which is applied and a stress transmission material transmitting the mechanical energy applied from the outside to the stress luminescent material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a pixel electrode including a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode spaced apart with a gap therebetween, a common electrode facing the pixel electrode, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. The first and second subpixel electrodes include a plurality of branches, and each of the first and second subpixel electrodes includes a plurality of subregions. The branches extend in different directions in different subregions.

Abstract: The present inventions relate to optical components which include quantum confined semiconductor nanoparticles, wherein at least a portion of the nanoparticles include a ligand attached to a surface thereof, the ligand being represented by the formula: X-Sp-Z, wherein: X represents a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, a urea, a thiourea, an imidizole group, an amide group, an other nitrogen containing group, a carboxylic acid group, a phosphonic or arsonic acid group, a phosphinic or arsinic acid group, a phosphate or arsenate group, a phosphine or arsine oxide group; Sp represents a spacer group, such as a group capable of allowing a transfer of charge or an insulating group; and Z represents: (i) a reactive group capable of communicating specific chemical properties to the nanocrystal as well as provide specific chemical reactivity to the surface of the nanocrystal, and/or (ii) a group that is cyclic, halogenated, or polar a-protic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a curable silicone composition comprising: (A) an organopolysiloxane represented by a specific average unit formula, (B) an optional straight-chain organopolysiloxane having at least two alkenyl groups and not having any silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in a molecule, (C) an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in a molecule, and (D) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. The curable silicone composition has high reactivity and forms a cured product with low gas permeability.

Abstract: A wire harness manufacturing method prevents inadvertent deformation of thermoplastic material and separation of thermoplastic material. A predetermined part of an electric wire 91 is accommodated in a through hole of a tubular body formed by connection between a first and second nest members (123, 124) of a nozzle (12), by integrally connecting first and second case body members (121, 122) of the nozzle (12), with the predetermined part of the electric wire 91 therebetween. An approximately tubular covering member (92) covering the predetermined part of the electric wire (91) is molded integrally with the thermoplastic material, by discharging thermoplastic material plasticized by a material plasticizing unit (11) from thermoplastic material discharge orifices (1213) and (1223) in the nozzle (12) to the outer periphery of the electric wire (91), while moving the electric wire (91) and the nozzle (12) relatively to each other.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode, a ferroelectric layer provided on the first electrode, and a second electrode provided on the ferroelectric layer, the second electrode being a transparent electrode, and a pn junction being formed between the ferroelectric layer and the first electrode or the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cooktop appliance with features for correcting the color of light passing through the cooking surface such that the light appears a desired to a user of the cooktop appliance. More specifically, a colored translucent ink may be applied to a light transmissive layer of a user interface assembly such that light passing through the ink and the cooking surface appears a desired color to the user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cooktop appliance with features for correcting the color of light passing through the cooking surface such that the light appears a desired color to a user of the cooktop appliance. More specifically, a colored or fluorescent ink may be applied to, or a colored or fluorescent dye incorporated into, one or more light guides of a user interface assembly such that reflecting off of the interior surface of the light guides and passing through the cooking surface appears a desired color to the user.

Abstract: Autonomous/self-powering image detecting systems and their manufacturing technologies are disclosed. An antenna is used to communicate signals. A first energy harvester is used to harvest energy from blackbody radiation, RF signals, movement/vibration, or combination thereof. A power management system is used which controls the energy flow to and from the energy-storage. An image sensor to take the image, a lens, and a transmitter to transmit the images to an outside device are also used in this invention. According to this preferred embodiment, an energy harvester harnessing energy from blackbody radiation from and within the body, is used to extract enough energy to increase the operation time and also to make precision of the image detecting system.

Abstract: A method cleaving an end portion of an optical fiber involves providing a ferrule having a first end, a second end, and a ferrule bore extending between the first and second ends. An optical fiber is inserted through the ferrule bore so that an end portion of the optical fiber extends past an end face on the second end of the ferrule. At least one laser beam is emitted from at least one laser and directed to be incident on the end portion of the optical fiber at a first location. The at least one laser beam is emitted and directed to have a maximum beam width that is less than an outer diameter of the optical fiber at the first location so that the at least one laser can be operated to form a hole in the optical fiber at the first location.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for making soluble precursors to imides, polyimides, and polymers containing imide groups, and a method of making thin films of the same by solution casting and then removing the solubilizing group to produce thermally stable and insoluble materials.

Abstract: A light emitting unit includes a light source and a light guiding member. The light guiding member includes a light incident guiding portion that is arranged to face a light emitting surface of the light source and have a light incident surface, on which light emitted from the light source is incident, is formed at one end thereof, and a plurality of branched extending light guiding portions that are branched from the light incident guiding portion and extend towards back surfaces of a plurality of display portions. The plurality of branched extending light guiding portions are so formed that, the end surfaces of the branched extending light guiding portions have larger areas in accordance with increase of the lengths in the extending directions of the branched extending light guiding portions.

Abstract: A vital sign measurement device includes a sensor fixation device, a sensor frame, an optical sensing system, and an output unit. The sensor fixation device is adapted to be placed against an anatomical location of a subject. The optical sensing system includes an optical waveguide, an optical source device to supply optical energy to the optical waveguide, and an optical detector to detect an amount of optical energy exiting the optical waveguide. The optical sensing system is adapted to sense an arterial pulse from the compression or flexing of at least a portion of the optical waveguide resulting in reduction of the amount of light exiting the optical waveguide. The output unit is configured to receive a signal indicative of the amount of light exiting the optical waveguide and to generate a measure of the vital sign based at least in part on the received signal.

Abstract: A surface-modified quantum dot luminophore includes a quantum dot luminophore and a coating includes a fluorinated coating including a fluorinated inorganic agent, a fluorinated organic agent, or a combination of fluorinated inorganic and organic agents, the fluorinated coating generating hydrophobic surface sites and the coating is disposed on the surface of the silicate luminophore.

Abstract: A fully additive method for forming optical waveguides and devices, such as thermo-optic polymer switches and electro-optic polymer modulators, is disclosed. A first polymer material of refractive index N1 is coated onto a suitable substrate to form a first cladding layer. The first cladding is then selectively patterned using a mold to form an impression of the waveguide core into the first cladding layer. Next, a core layer is formed by ink-jet printing onto the imprinted first cladding layer with a core material of refractive index N2 (N2>N1). The core layer is subsequently coated by ink-jet printing with a second polymer material of refractive index N3 (N3<N2) to form a second cladding, resulting in an optical waveguide. An electrode may be ink-jet printed before coating the first cladding material or after coating the second cladding material, or both before and after coating, in order to form active photonic devices.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of growing a rare-earth oxyorthosilicate crystal and a crystal grown using the method. A melt is prepared by melting a first substance including at least one rare-earth element and a second substance including at least one element from group 7 of the periodic table. A seed crystal is brought into contact with the surface of the melt and withdrawn to grow the crystal.

Abstract: A composite material for LED's is provided. The composite material has a coating comprising scattering particles with an index of refraction greater than 1.6.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical fiber formed from a preform that includes a clad component and a core component. The core component includes one or more precursor core materials. The precursor core materials and the clad materials are selected such that that the photoelastic constants of at least one precursor core material and the clad material are of opposite sign resulting in a final glass optical fiber of tailored Brillouin performance. The clad material may include an oxide glass having a positive photoelastic constant and the core component may include a precursor core material that has a negative photoelastic constant. During formation, the precursor core material can melt and interact with clad material that precipitates into the core to form a glass of at least one tailored Brillouin property, such as very low Brillouin gain.

Abstract: Provided is an optical waveguide device capable of reducing stress that occurs inside an optical waveguide substrate due to a difference in a coefficient of thermal expansion. The optical waveguide device (10) includes an optical waveguide substrate (11) having a thickness of 30 ?m or less, and a liquid crystal polymer substrate (12) which holds the optical waveguide substrate (11) and has permittivity lower than that of the optical waveguide substrate (11). The optical waveguide substrate (11) and the liquid crystal polymer substrate (12) are bonded to each other by an adhesive layer (14).

Abstract: A light guide has a transmission of greater than 90 percent, a refractive index greater than 1.4, and less than 10 haze percent. The light guide also includes an organosiloxane block copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 20,000 g/mole. The organosiloxane block copolymer includes 40 to 90 mole percent disiloxy units of the formula [R12SiO2/2] arranged in linear blocks each having an average of from 10 to 400 disiloxy units [R12SiO2/2] per linear block, 10 to 60 mole percent trisiloxy units of the formula [R2SiO3/2] arranged in non-linear blocks each having a weight average molecular weight of at least 500 g/mol, and 0.5 to 25 mole percent silanol groups [?SiOH]. R1 is independently a C1 to C30 hydrocarbyl and R2 is independently a C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl. Moreover, at least 30% of the non-linear blocks are crosslinked with another non-linear block and aggregated in nano-domains.

Abstract: An IR supercontinuum source for generating supercontinuum in the MIR or possibly LWIR spectral bands comprises a supercontinuum fiber formed from a heavy metal oxide host glass having low optical loss and high non-linearity over the spectral band that is stable, strong and chemically durable. The supercontinuum fiber is suitably a depressed inner clad fiber configured to support only single transverse spatial mode propagation of the pump signal and supercontinuum. The source suitably includes a tapered depressed inner clad fiber to couple the pump signal into the supercontinuum fiber. The source may be configured as an “all-fiber” source.

Abstract: Acoustically anti-guiding optical structures are provided. In an exemplary acoustically anti-guiding fiber, a suitable cladding size for ant guiding fibers occurs wherein the cladding size is determined such that the net material dampening in the cladding is large enough to dampen acoustic waves. In another embodiment, a cladding can be considered infinite if the round-trip time from a core to an outer cladding boundary (or interface) is greater than a coherence time of an acoustic wave.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes: a core including a photosensitive material disposed therein, the core having a first index of refraction; a depressed cladding surrounding the core and having a second index of refraction that is lower than the first index of refraction; and an outer cladding surrounding the depressed cladding and having a third index of refraction that is higher than the depressed cladding.

Abstract: An optical fiber core having a primary layer and a secondary layer, which are laminated on a bare optical fiber. The primary layer is formed by curing an ultraviolet-curable resin composition containing a first silane coupling agent, which can be incorporated into a resin skeleton, and a second silane coupling agent, which cannot be incorporated into a resin skeleton. The first silane coupling agent contains a compound having a methoxy group, and the second silane coupling agent contains a compound having an ethoxy group.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing at least one biological target or chemical target is provided. The sensor includes a membrane includes a membrane material that supports generation and propagation of at least one waveguide mode, where the membrane material includes a plurality of voids having an average size <2 microns. The sensor also includes at least one receptor having structure for binding to the target within the plurality of voids, and an optical coupler for coupling light to the membrane sufficient to generate the waveguide mode in the membrane from photons incident on the optical coupler.

Abstract: A luminescence concentrator (LK) may concentrate both incident direct and diffuse light by way of frequency shift and total internal reflection. It differs fundamentally from geometric concentrators. With sufficient geometric expansion of the collector plate, nearly arbitrarily high concentration can be achieved in the LK. A luminescence disperser is an apparatus which holds both directional and nondirectional incident light captive in a transparent body by way of frequency shift and total internal reflection and emits it diffusely or directionally uniformly distributed across an area by way of luminescence emission. The object of the invention is a method for the technical implementation of the LK and luminescence disperser, using zeolite crystals having a nanotube structure, into which the luminescent dyes are embedded such that they have antenna properties. Using the resulting novel structures, problems can be solved which made the technical use of LK impossible or at least considerably limited it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display including a pixel electrode including a first subpixel electrode and a second subpixel electrode spaced apart with a gap therebetween, a common electrode facing the pixel electrode, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. The first and second subpixel electrodes include a plurality of branches, and each of the first and second subpixel electrodes includes a plurality of subregions. The branches extend in different directions in different subregions.

Abstract: The present inventions relate to optical components which include quantum confined semiconductor nanoparticles, wherein at least a portion of the nanoparticles include a ligand attached to a surface thereof, the ligand being represented by the formula: X-Sp-Z, wherein: X represents a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, a urea, a thiourea, an imidizole group, an amide group, an other nitrogen containing group, a carboxylic acid group, a phosphonic or arsonic acid group, a phosphinic or arsinic acid group, a phosphate or arsenate group, a phosphine or arsine oxide group; Sp represents a spacer group, such as a group capable of allowing a transfer of charge or an insulating group; and Z represents: (i) a reactive group capable of communicating specific chemical properties to the nanocrystal as well as provide specific chemical reactivity to the surface of the nanocrystal, and/or (ii) a group that is cyclic, halogenated, or polar a-protic.

Abstract: A non-kink, non-hockling optical cable comprising an optical fiber capable of propagating light along its longitudinal axis. A buffer layer made of a soft plastic material surrounds the silica core and cladding, and a supplemental layer surrounds the buffer layer. The supplemental layer consists essentially of a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) material to enhance the tensile strength of the optical fiber. Finally, an encasing polymer layer with a breaking strain greater than 30%, surrounds the supplemental layer, to increase the flexibility of the optical cable.

Abstract: Protein scaffolds from tobacco mosaic virus coat protein modified to incorporate polyhistidine can bind to a metal or a dye while having improved self-assembly characteristics. The scaffold can take the form of tubes or disks, and can further be formed into dual plasmonic ring resonators. Such self-assembled structures provide useful optical properties.

Abstract: Polymerizable liquid compositions of the polyurethane type, consisting of two components (A) and (B), wherein component (A) contains at least one cyclo-aliphatic diisocyanate monomer or a mixture of one cyclo-aliphatic diisocyanate monomer and a pre-polymer obtained by reaction, in the presence of an acid phosphate ester catalyst, between said cyclo-aliphatic diisocyanate monomer and one or more polyols having two or more hydroxy 1 groups per molecule and a molecular weight ranging from 50 to 2,000 g/mole; the second component (B) contains one or more polyols having a molecular weight ranging from 50 to 2,000 g/mole and a functionality between 2 and 5; in the absence of polyalkoxylated tertiary diamines and organometallic catalysts, said components (A) and (B) being present in a weight ratio which varies from 1:1 to 2:1 and the process for the production of organic glass starting from polymerizable liquid compositions of the polyurethane type.

Abstract: An IR supercontinuum source for generating supercontinuum in the MIR or possibly LWIR spectral bands comprises a supercontinuum fiber formed from a heavy metal oxide host glass having low optical loss and high non-linearity over the spectral band that is stable, strong and chemically durable. The supercontinuum fiber is suitably a depressed inner clad fiber configured to support only single transverse spatial mode propagation of the pump signal and supercontinuum. The source suitably includes a tapered depressed inner clad fiber to couple the pump signal into the supercontinuum fiber. The source may be configured as an “all-fiber” source.

Abstract: A tellurium oxide glass that is stable, strong and chemically durable exhibits low optical loss from the UV band well into the MIR band. Unwanted absorption mechanisms in the MIR band are removed or reduced so that the glass formulation exhibits optical performance as close as possible to the theoretical limit of a tellurium oxide glass. The glass formulation only includes glass constituents that provide the intermediate, modifiers and any halides (for OH— reduction) whose inherent absorption wavelength is longer than that of Tellurium (IV) oxide. The glass formulation is substantially free of Sodium Oxide and any other passive glass constituent including hydroxyl whose inherent absorption wavelength is shorter than that of Tellurium (IV) oxide. The glass formulation preferably includes only a small residual amount of halide.

Abstract: Novel integrated electro-optic structures such as modulators and switches and methods for fabrication of the same are disclosed in a variety of embodiments. In an illustrative embodiment, a device includes a substrate with a waveguide and an optical resonator comprising polycrystalline silicon positioned on the substrate. First and second doped semiconducting regions also comprise polycrystalline silicon and are positioned proximate to the first optical resonator. The first optical resonator is communicatively coupled to the waveguide.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device and method for fabrication includes a substrate and a layer of graphene formed on the substrate. A metallization layer is patterned on the graphene. The metallization layer forms electrodes such that when the graphene is excited by light, terahertz frequency radiation is generated.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical fiber having a core with an alkali metal oxide dopant in an peak amount greater than about 0.002 wt. % and less than about 0.1 wt. %. The alkali metal oxide concentration varies with a radius of the optical fiber. By appropriately selecting the concentration of alkali metal oxide dopant in the core and the cladding, a low loss optical fiber may be obtained. Also disclosed are several methods of making the optical fiber including the steps of forming an alkali metal oxide-doped rod, and adding additional glass to form a draw perform. Preferably, the draw preform has a final outer dimension (d2), wherein an outer dimension (d1) of the rod is less than or equal to 0.06 times the final outer dimension (d2). In a preferred embodiment, the alkali metal oxide-doped rod is inserted into the centerline hole of a preform to form an assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a telecommunications cable having a layer constructed to resist post-extrusion shrinkage. The layer includes a plurality of discrete shrinkage-reduction members embedded within a base material. The shrinkage-reduction members can be made of a liquid crystal polymer. The disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing telecommunications cables having layers adapted to resist post-extrusion shrinkage.

Abstract: Described herein are an apparatus, system, and method for providing a vertical optical coupler (VOC) for planar photonics circuits such as photonics circuits fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. In one embodiment, the VOC comprises a waveguide made from a material having refractive index in a range of 1.45 to 3.45, the waveguide comprising: a first end configured to reflect light nearly vertical by total internal reflection between the waveguide and another medium, a second end to receive the light for reflection, and a third end to output the reflected light. The VOC couples with a Si waveguide having a first region including: a first end to receive light; and an inverted tapered end in the direction of light propagation to output the received light, wherein the inverted tapered end of the Si waveguide is positioned inside the waveguide.

Abstract: An illumination device includes an optical fiber holder configured to hold an optical fiber, a phosphor holder configured to hold a phosphor and faces the optical fiber holder, and a bonding material configured to intervene between the optical fiber holder and the phosphor holder to bond them. The illumination device includes adjustment guide members configured to intervene between the optical fiber holder and the phosphor holder, relatively positionally adjust the optical fiber holder and the phosphor holder so as to arrange an optical axis of the optical fiber and an optical axis of the phosphor on one line, and configured to prevent the optical fiber holder and the phosphor holder from tilting when the bonding material is cured.

Abstract: The specification describes an optical fiber color coding scheme that uses two colors, where each of the two colors constitutes one half of the surface of the optical fiber coating. If a longitudinal portion of the coating is considered a hollow cylinder, then each of the two colors is a hollow hemi-cylinder. To ensure that each of the two colors is always plainly visible to an installer, the two colors are formed with a twist. Using two colors for coding substantially increases the number of available unique color codes. Coloring the entire coating reduces the chances of error in identifying the optical fibers.