Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring apparatus comprising an apparatus for forming a liquid optical waveguide having a substrate (1) having an at least partially curved closed microchannel (2) having a low-refractive coating (13), whereby there is formed in the substrate (1) at least one feed line (6) for supplying liquid, and whereby there is provided at least at one end of the closed microchannel (2) an apparatus for coupling light axially into the closed microchannel and/or for coupling light axially out of the closed microchannel (2), further comprising a light source (4), a light detector (5), and a first liquid pump (9) which supplies a sample liquid (7) to the closed microchannel (2) via the at least one feed line (6, 6a).

Abstract: Optical and thermal splines are integrated in the external envelope of a non-planar lamp allowing the optical output of discrete light sources such as LEDs to be distributed for uniform output and the achievement of desired light distributions such as omnidirectional output. Opposing orientation of light sources is utilized to create integrated optical and thermal splines for improved thermal and optical performance.

Abstract: A method of creating a region of index change in a photopolymer includes providing a photopolymer having a photosensitivity to light of a particular wavelength and creating a region of index change in the photopolymer by applying direct write lithography to expose the photopolymer of the region to light that includes the particular wavelength.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and products illuminate display devices. An image is injected into a tapered portion of a waveguide. The tapered portion reflects the image to create total internal reflectance of the image within the waveguide. A frustrator withdraws a frustrated image from the waveguide, and the frustrated image is displayed to a viewer.

Abstract: A portable electronic system comprises a portable electronic device having a screen and a visual extender. The visual extender has a thin film element and is coupled to the portable electronic device, positioning the thin film element to provide visual extension of the screen of the portable electronic device.

Abstract: A beam homogenizing apparatus includes at least one flexible optical fiber for receiving light, the flexible optical fiber including a homogenizing output portion having a tileable cross-section, the output portion for producing a substantially homogenized intensity profile for light emitted therefrom.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed that relate to fabrication of a laminated optical wedge. One embodiment provides a method comprising inserting a wedge blank into a vacuum molding tool, applying a vacuum to the vacuum molding tool, and removing a layer from a top surface of the wedge blank to expose a machined surface of the wedge blank. The method further comprises laminating a finish piece to the machined surface via an adhesive, wherein the finish piece comprises a smoother surface than the machined surface, and curing the adhesive to form a finished optical wedge. The method further comprises removing the finished optical wedge from the vacuum molding tool.

Abstract: In one embodiment of this invention, a device comprises an arcuate lightguide with an arcuate light emitting surface and light extracting features wherein the arcuate light emitting surface intersects the optical axis of a light source when disposed on the input edge of the lightguide. The light emitting surface of the lightguide may be in the shape of a elliptic paraboloid or parabolic cylinder or tapered. In another embodiment of this invention, a device comprises an arcuate lightguide wherein the wherein the ratio of the sagittal depth of the lightguide to the thickness of the first input edge is greater than 2. In another embodiment of this invention, the device is a light emitting device comprising the aforementioned lightguide and a light source.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave gathering device includes a pillared electromagnetic waveguide body and a reflective structure. The reflective structure is located at about an axis of the pillared electromagnetic waveguide body. The reflective structure comprises a plurality of bicone reflective units. Each of the reflective units has a first reflective surface. The electromagnetic wave gathering device may have a smaller volume and is handy for use.

Abstract: An outcoupling optic and omnidirectional lamp are provided which enable an omnidirectional light distribution from a lamp with directional light sources such as light emitting diodes. Specific embodiments include the A-type lamp, A19.

Abstract: A light guide plate includes a light-emitting surface, a light-reflecting surface opposed to the light-emitting surface, and a light-incident surface including a protrusion formed continuously along an edge portion of the light-emitting surface. Accordingly, light that has entered the protrusion is transmitted through the protrusion and totally reflected on an inner surface of the light-emitting surface to thus propagate inside the light guide plate. As described above, since incident light components emitted toward an upper portion of the light-incident surface can be effectively blocked by the protrusion, luminance distribution characteristics as well as a light use efficiency can be improved. The light guide plate is produced by a punching press process.

Abstract: Various embodiments are disclosed relating to fabrication of an optical wedge. For example, one embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an optical wedge comprising inserting a wedge blank into a vacuum molding tool and applying a vacuum to the vacuum molding tool to temporarily hold the wedge blank against a molding surface of the vacuum molding tool. The method further comprises removing a layer from a top surface of the wedge blank to expose a machined surface of the wedge blank, and casting a finish layer on the machined surface to form a finish layer of a finished optical wedge.

Abstract: A device to emit light includes a light emitting diode (LED) die and a light guide coupled to the LED die. The light guide includes a first material having a first index of refraction with a plurality of apertures arranged in a grid. A second material having a second index of refraction that is larger than the first index of refraction fills the plurality of apertures. Each aperture extends from a first end adjacent the LED die to a larger second end. The first end may be a circle of approximately 1 to 2 ?m in diameter. The distance between the first and second ends may be from approximately 10 to 20 ?m. Each aperture may be in the form of a frustrated cone having an included angle between the sides from approximately 3 to 7 degrees. The light guide may be formed on a transparent substrate.

Abstract: A light guide body includes: a light incident portion on which light is incident; a light guiding portion which is adapted to guide the light incident on the light incident portion; and a light emitting portion which is adapted to emit the light guided by the light guiding portion. One of the light incident portion and the light guiding portion is extended in a first direction, and the light emitting portion is extended in a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A thin-profile, optically efficient lighting device for use with, among other things, flat information displays, includes a combination of two optically coupled light propagating structures. The first structure may be a compound hyperbolic-elliptic element, adapted to receive light from at least one light source, such as a light emitting diode, and inject it into the second structure, which generally is larger and has hyperbolic-elliptic shape and a plurality of flux extractors. The latter redirect the light flux so that it propagates out of the second structure with a desired luminance and/or intensity distribution in a direction that is essentially perpendicular to the surface of the second structure. The flux extractors may also be of the active, i.e. wavelength-converting, type.

Abstract: A connector assembly that includes a receptacle connector and a light pipe. The connector is configured to receive a removable device inserted along a longitudinal axis. The connector has a side surface that extends along a plane defined by the longitudinal axis and a vertical axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The connector includes a ledge and a positive stop that project laterally outward from the side surface. The ledge has a ledge surface that joins the side surface. The light pipe extends substantially along the longitudinal axis. The light pipe has an inward-facing surface that is substantially flat throughout and abuts the side surface of the connector. The light pipe rests upon the ledge surface and the positive stop is positioned on the side surface to block the light pipe from moving in at least one direction along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A light-guide module includes a light-guide strip having opposite first and second ends, a light-entry surface disposed at the first end, a light-exit surface extending between the first and second ends, and first and second working surfaces disposed parallel to each other and extending between the first and second ends. One of the first and second working surfaces defines a light-scatter zone and includes a plurality of micro-scatter structures that are disposed within the light-scatter zone and that configure the light-scatter zone with a light-scattering ability that varies from the first end to the second end. The light-guide module also includes a reflecting element disposed to reflect light that exits from the light-guide strip via the first and second working surfaces back into the light-guide strip via the first and second working surfaces, respectively.

Abstract: This document describes various techniques for implementing a wide field-of-view projector. A wide field-of-view projector may include a spatial light modulator configured to inject light rays into an input wedge. The input wedge acts to output the light rays with an increased fan-out angle. In an embodiment, the spatial light modulator is controlled to inject light rays into the input wedge effective to project an image from the surface of an output wedge that is positioned proximate, and receives light rays with an increased fan-out angle from, the input wedge.

Abstract: An optical sheet is provided. The optical sheet includes: a light-transmissive base; and an optical functional layer provided to at least one surface of the base, in which the base is composed of a stack of transmissive sheets bonded while placing an adhesive material layer in between.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a waveguide structure (i.e., preferably an optical waveguide structure) uses a two mask process step sequence for forming a waveguide layer over a substrate. A first mask within the two mask step process sequence is used to etch the substrate to provide a pillar within the substrate. A second mask within the two mask process step sequence is self aligned to, and covers a top and at least a portion of the sidewalls of, the pillar. The second mask is used as a thermal oxidation mask that provides an optical waveguide layer from a top portion of the pillar that is separated from a thinned substrate derived from the substrate by a waveguide isolation layer formed from thermal oxidation of at least a bottom portion of the pillar.

Abstract: To project a rectangular laser spot having a predetermined size and a high laser power density onto the surface of an object, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus comprises a control unit for controlling power of a laser light source, an optical waveguide unit (1) including a core section (10) transmitting laser light and a clad section (11) covering the core section (10), and a lens (3) for forming the laser light output through the optical waveguide unit (1) into a laser spot having a predetermined shape, an output end surface (15) of the core section (10) has a rectangular shape with one side length of 1 ?m to 20 ?m and the other side length of 1 mm to 60 mm, and the laser source is set to make the power density of the laser spot output from the core section (10) to be 0.1 mW/?m2 or more.

Abstract: A method of creating a region of index change in a photopolymer includes providing a photopolymer having a photosensitivity to light of a particular wavelength and creating a region of index change in the photopolymer by applying direct write lithography to expose the photopolymer of the region to light that includes the particular wavelength.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a printed wiring board includes forming a metal film on a surface of an insulative board, a plating resist on the metal film, and a plated-metal film on the metal film exposed from the plating resist, covering a portion of the plated-metal film with an etching resist, etching to reduce thickness of the plated-metal film exposed from the etching resist, removing the etching and plating resists, and forming a wiring having a pad for wire-bonding an electrode of an electronic component and a conductive circuit thinner than the pad by removing the metal film exposed after the plating resist is removed, a solder-resist layer on the surface of the board and wiring, an opening in the layer exposing the pad and a portion of the circuit contiguous to the pad, and a metal coating on the pad and portion of the circuit exposed through the opening.

Abstract: A backlight includes a lightguide, a light source disposed with respect to the lightguide to introduce light into the lightguide and a turning film. Optical structures are formed in one of an output surface and a back surface of the lightguide. The optical structures are arranged to extract light from the lightguide. A back reflector is disposed adjacent the back surface. The optical structures are formed to include a varying pattern arranged to mask non-uniformities in the output of the lightguide.

Abstract: When constructing a nuclear detector module in a gantry, a plurality of overlapping light guide modules (10) are mounted to the gantry in a spaced-apart fashion, and a plurality of underlapping light guide modules (12) are mounted in between each pair of overlapping light guide modules (10). Each of the underlapping modules and the overlapping modules includes a scintillation crystal array (16) on an interior surface thereof, and a plurality of PMTs on an exterior surface thereof. Overlapping modules (10) have overlapping structures (22) that interface with underlapping structures (18) on the underlapping modules (12) and thereby eliminate a seam directly beneath PMTs that overlap the crystal arrays of both an overlapping module and an underlapping module. Optical grease is used to form a resilient grease coupling and reduce light scatter between the underlapping and overlapping modules.

Abstract: Light emitters are made of one or more cladded flat optical fibers having opposite flat sides and disruptions along at least a portion of the length of the fibers to cause light entering at least one end to be emitted from at least one side. The ends of the flat optical fibers may have substantially the same thickness as a light source and a width substantially equal to or substantially greater than the width of the light source for ease of optically coupling one or more such light sources to the flat optical fiber ends.

Abstract: Optical fibers and optical fiber tapers have application within many optical systems and optical devices. To date manufacturing such fibers and fiber tapers has been restricted to drawing constant diameter fibers in gravity driven processes and symmetric tapers through pulling with localized heating. However, it would be beneficial to be able to generate arbitrary profiles when pulling an optical fiber into a fiber taper allowing an initial uniform section, reducing transition, wire section, increasing transition and final uniform section.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes a core (1a) having an oblong rectangular or square cross section and made of quartz, a cladding (2) surrounding the core (1a), having a circular outer cross-sectional shape, having a lower refractive index than the core (1a), and made of resin, and a support layer (3) surrounding the cladding (2) and made of quartz.

Abstract: A light guide device includes a main body, a first surface, and a plurality of cloud form microstructures. The plurality of cloud form microstructures is disposed on the first surface. Each of the cloud form microstructures has an outer contour which is consisted of at least three connecting points and a plurality of curved lines formed by connecting adjacent connecting points. Each the cloud form microstructure is defined with a maximum length (L), a maximum width (W) perpendicular to the maximum length, and a maximum height (H) perpendicular to both the maximum length and the maximum width; wherein, the ratio of L to W is between 1:1 and 5:1, and the ratio of L to H is between 2.5:1 and 36:1.

Abstract: Described is an optical element for guiding electromagnetic radiation. The optical element includes a base body and at least one film, wherein the film is configured to adhere to the base body to form an intimate connection with the base body without using an adhesion promoting interlayer and is arranged such that the electromagnetic radiation passes through it.

Abstract: A light guide of the tapered-waveguide type includes an input slab for expanding a projected image between an input end and an output end; and a tapered output slab arranged to receive rays from the said output end of the input slab, and to emit them at a point on its face that corresponds to the angle at which the ray is received. The taper is calculated so that all rays injected into the input end undergo the same number of reflections before leaving the output face. The thickness of the input slab light guide is greater in the transverse direction away from the center line, so that light travelling at the critical angle from the input face of the slab waveguide towards the output waveguide bounces the same number of times in the input slab, regardless of its fan-out angle, in order to further reduce image distortion.

Abstract: A light guide is provided. The light guide has an uneven light input face and even side faces, which are arranged directly downstream of the light input face. Furthermore, an optoelectronic component with such a light guide is provided.

Abstract: A light distribution assembly includes a housing having a longitudinal length and having one or more light sources mounted to the housing. The light distribution assembly also includes a coupler section having a body extending from the housing along a longitudinal axis between a light entry end and a light exit end. The light entry end has a major axis extending in a first direction and the light exit end has a major axis extending in a second direction, wherein the coupler section is shaped such that the body is rotated about the longitudinal axis of the coupler section so that first direction is approximately perpendicular relative to the second direction. One or more light pipes are attached to the light exit end of the coupler section.

Abstract: A device for homogenizing a laser-beam profile and a method for focussing and homogenizing a laser beam in laser photocoagulation for coagulating organic tissue, for example in the eye of a living organism.

Abstract: Provided is a display device. The display device comprises: a liquid crystal panel; a first light guide plate disposed above the liquid crystal panel; a second light guide plate disposed below the liquid crystal panel; a light guide member emitting light incident toward the first light guide plate and the second light guide plate; and a light source disposed on a side of the light guide member. Because of the light guide member, the sizes of the light guide plates and the light source are not limited to each other and then disposed. Additionally, the display device uses one light source to realize two screens.

Abstract: The invention relates to optical guides and more precisely to guides for conveying an image without deforming the same. These guides can particularly be used in the production of ocular-vision optical systems more currently named informative spectacles. The optical guide includes an extraction section made of reflective microstructures at the surface of the guide. The microstructures define prisms having a calculated angle in order to send back the light beam at a given angle relative to the opposite surface enabling the exit thereof from the guide. Advantageously, the cut and the arrangement of said microstructures make them invisible to the eye while generating a large and comfortable image.

Abstract: A modular solar collector system (MSCS) and modular solar collector method (MSCM) utilizing one or more solar/optical radiation waveguides (SOWs) having radiation input, radiation output, and radiation injection ports is disclosed. The MSCS permits individual SOWs to be cascaded in a modular fashion to permit collection and transmission of incident solar radiation in combination with radiation received from adjacent SOWs. The collection/summation nature of the SOWs may be utilized in vector and/or array configurations to permit collection and transmission of arbitrary areas of incident solar radiation to a focal point, vector, and/or area for the purposes of utilizing the collected radiation for a variety of purposes.

Abstract: An optical concentrator having a concentrating element for collecting input light, a redirecting element for receiving the light and also for redirecting the light, and a waveguide including a plurality of incremental portions enabling collection and concentration of the light onto a receiver. Other systems replace the receiver by a light source so the optics can provide illumination.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one more embodiments, a substrate guided relay comprises a slab guide having an absorbing edge at a first end of the slab guide. An input coupler is disposed on a surface of the slab guide at an angle with respect to a first edge of the slab guide. An output coupler is disposed on the surface at a second end of the slab guide. Light rays that enter the slab guide toward the first end are absorbed by the absorbing edge, and light rays that enter the slab guide toward the output coupler exit the slab guide via the output coupler. The absorbing edge on the first edge of the slab guide allows the input coupler to be placed on the slab guide without regard to alignment of the input coupler with the first end of the slab guide.

Abstract: Described is an optical element for guiding electromagnetic radiation. The optical element includes a base body and at least one film, wherein the film is configured to adhere to the base body and to form an intimate connection with the base body without using an adhesion and is arranged such that the electromagnetic radiation passes through it.

Abstract: A lateral light emitting device is formed by fusing one end of a rod lens to an end surface of an optical fiber, and by fusing a prism to another end of the rod lens. The prism has a basic shape including a planar light emitting surface parallel to an axis formed by cutting part of a circumference of a cylinder and has a distal end inclined surface, a distal end portion of which is diagonally cut. Alternatively, a prism lens is fused to the end surface of the optical fiber. The prism lens has the same basic shape described above.

Abstract: An image sensor having a wave guide includes a semiconductor substrate formed with a photodiode and a peripheral circuit region; an anti-reflective layer formed on the semiconductor substrate; an insulation layer formed on the anti-reflective layer; a wiring layer formed on the insulation layer and connected to the semiconductor substrate; at least one interlayer dielectric stacked on the wiring layer; and a wave guide connected to the insulation layer by passing through the interlayer dielectric and the wiring layer which are formed over the photodiode.

Abstract: Optical devices for guiding illumination are provided each having a body of optical material with staircase or acutely angled ramp structures on its top surface for distributing light inputted from one end of the device from the front exit faces of such structures along certain angular orientations, while at least a substantial portion of the light is totally internally reflected within the body until distributed from such front exit faces. Optical devices are also provided each have a body of optical material having a bottom surface with acutely angled ramp structures and falling structures which alternate with each other, such that light is totally internally reflected within the device until reflected by such ramp structures along the bottom surface to exit the top surface of the device or transmitted through the ramp structures to an adjacent falling structure back into the device.

Abstract: Various embodiments of wedge-shaped light guide optics are disclosed. One embodiment comprises a wedge-shaped light guide having opposing first and second faces and includes a material having a first refractive index. The first face of the wedge-shaped light guide supports a cladding layer having a second refractive index less than the first refractive index. The optic further comprises a turning film bonded to the cladding layer via an interface layer. The interface layer has a third refractive index matched to the first refractive index.

Abstract: Embodiments of optical collimators are disclosed. For example, one disclosed embodiment comprises an optical waveguide having a first end, a second end opposing the first end, a viewing surface extending at least partially between the first end and the second end, and a back surface opposing the viewing surface. The viewing surface comprises a first critical angle of internal reflection, and the back surface is configured to be reflective at the first critical angle of internal reflection. Further, a collimating end reflector comprising a faceted lens structure having a plurality of facets is disposed at the second end of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: Optical path length difference should be correctly controlled for a pair of optical waveguides even in the pair of the optical waveguides which include combination of a large number of curved waveguide portions. A pair of optical waveguides include curved sections, wherein the curved section has the shape including arcuate waveguide portions which have the same curvatures, and wherein the optical waveguides have the same number of the arcuate waveguide portions.

Abstract: An optical selector includes: an optical waveguide which includes a first light guide section having a first refractive index, a second light guide section having a second refractive index provided to the side of and along the entire circumference of the first light guide section, and a reflector provided at opposing positions on both surfaces of each of the first and second light guide sections while exposing the outer circumferential surface of the second light guide section; a single or plurality of LDs that are placed on the outer circumference of the optical waveguide, and emit light toward the first light guide section; and a single or plurality of photodetectors that are placed on the outer circumference of the optical waveguide, and receive light emitted from the outer circumference of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A illumination device comprises a light guide having a first end for receiving light and configured to support propagation of light along the length of the light guide. A turning microstructure is disposed on a first side of the light guide configured to turn light incident on the first side and to direct the light out a second opposite side of the light guide, wherein the turning microstructure comprises a plurality of indentations. A cover is physically coupled to the light guide and disposed over the turning microstructure. An interlayer is between the cover and the light guide, wherein the interlayer physically couples the cover to the light guide. A plurality of open regions is between the interlayer and the plurality of indentations. Various embodiments include methods of coupling the cover to the light guide while preserving open regions between the cover and plurality of indentations.

Abstract: A connector assembly configured to be positioned relative to a light-emitting element. The connector assembly includes a receptacle connector that has a member cavity and a base. The connector assembly also includes a light pipe (LP) structure that has input and output ends. The input end is configured to capture light emitted from the light-emitting element. The connector assembly also includes an alignment member that is received within the member cavity of the receptacle connector and is coupled to the LP structure. The alignment member is sized to float within the member cavity to control a relative position of the input end of the LP structure with respect to the base.

Abstract: A multi-axial light guide module comprises a light guide, a light-emitting unit, a display unit and a light-guiding unit. The light guide has a light-emitting portion connects to a curved portion, wherein the light-emitting portion has at least two axial light-emitting planes to generate at least two axial light-emitting effects; the display unit has a first axial display layer corresponding to a first axial light-emitting plane, and a second axial display layer corresponding to a second axial light-emitting plane; the light-guiding unit is disposed on the light emitting portion, so as to enhance the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting portion; and, through the display unit and the light-guiding unit, the light-emitting and display effects of the multi-axial light-emitting plane on the light-emitting portion can be improved. Thereby, users may conveniently see the light-emitting display from different axial planes, in order to achieve the purposes of message prompt and indication.