Abstract: The invention relates to charged particle beam generator comprising a charged particle source for generating a charged particle beam, a collimator system comprising a collimator structure with a plurality of collimator electrodes for collimating the charged particle beam, a beam source vacuum chamber comprising the charged particle source, and a generator vacuum chamber comprising the collimator structure and the beam source vacuum chamber within a vacuum, wherein the collimator system is positioned outside the beam source vacuum chamber. Each of the beam source vacuum chamber and the generator vacuum chamber may be provided with a vacuum pump.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose an optical switch. The optical switch includes at least one first port, at least one second port, a first wavelength division multiplexing WDM apparatus, an optical splitter, an optical monitoring apparatus, and an optical switching apparatus. The first port is configured to transmit an input first optical signal to the first WDM apparatus, where the first optical signal is a multi-wavelength signal. The first WDM apparatus is configured to demultiplex the first optical signal. The optical splitter is configured to split a demultiplexed first optical signal to obtain a first sub-signal and a second sub-signal. The optical switching apparatus is configured to perform optical switching on the first sub-signal. The second port is configured to output a first sub-signal obtained after optical switching. The optical monitoring apparatus is configured to perform optical performance monitoring on the second sub-signal.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes a plurality of successive optical stages that are configured to transmit light at a variable overall optical power by configuring one or more stages of the successive optical stages. A respective optical stage of the successive optical stages includes an active optical element that is configurable to be in a first state at a first time and a second state at a second time that is distinct from the first time. The active optical element, in the first state, has a first respective optical power for light of a first polarization and a second respective optical power, that is different from the first respective optical power, for light of a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization. The active optical element, in the second state, has a third optical power for light of the first polarization and light of the second polarization.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating a laser beam with different beam profile characteristics are provided. In one aspect, a method includes coupling an input laser beam into one fiber end of a multi-clad fiber, in particular a double-clad fiber and emitting an output laser beam from the other fiber end of the multi-clad fiber. To generate different beam profile characteristics of the output laser beam, the input laser beam is electively coupled either at least into the inner fiber core of the multi-clad fiber or at least into at least one outer ring core of the multi-clad fiber, or a first sub-beam of the input laser beam is coupled into at least into the inner fiber core of the multi-clad fiber and a second, different sub-beam of the input laser beam is coupled at least into the at least one outer ring core of the multi-clad fiber.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing on-board electromagnetic radiation sensing using beam splitting in a radiation sensing apparatus. The radiation sensing apparatuses can include a micro-mirror chip including a plurality of light reflecting surfaces. The apparatuses can also include an image sensor including an imaging surface. The apparatuses can also include a beamsplitter unit located between the micro-mirror chip and the image sensor. The beamsplitter unit can include a beamsplitter that includes a partially-reflective surface that is oblique to the imaging surface and the micro-mirror chip. The apparatuses can also include an enclosure configured to enclose at least the beamsplitter and a light source. With the apparatuses, the light source can be attached to a printed circuit board (PCB). Also, the enclosure can include an inner surface that has an angled reflective surface that is configured to reflect light from the light source in a direction towards the beamsplitter.

Abstract: This application discloses a MEMS chip structure, including a substrate, a side wall, a dielectric plate, a MEMS micromirror array, and a grid array, where the MEMS micromirror array includes a plurality of grooves and a plurality of MEMS micromirrors. The plurality of MEMS micromirrors are in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of grooves. The grid array is located above the MEMS micromirror array, and a lower surface of the grid array is connected to upper surfaces of side walls of at least some of the plurality of grooves.

Abstract: In an optical device, when viewed from a first direction, first, second, third, and fourth movable comb electrodes are respectively disposed between a first support portion and a first end of a movable unit, between a second support portion and a second end of the movable unit, between a third support portion and the first end, and between a fourth support portion and the second end of the movable unit. The first and second support portions respectively include first and second rib portions formed so that the thickness of each of the first and second support portions becomes greater than the thickness of the first torsion bar. The third and fourth support portions respectively include third and fourth rib portions formed so that the thickness of each of the third and fourth support portions becomes greater than the thickness of the second torsion bar.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing multicore fiber (OCF) optical switching is disclosed. The apparatus may include an input fiber to receive an optical signal from an optical source. The apparatus may also include an output fiber to receive the optical signal from the input fiber. The apparatus may further include an optical switch element to provide optical switching between the input fiber and the output fiber. In some examples, at least one of the input fiber and the output fiber may be a multicore fiber (MCF), and the optical switching may be performed between at least one core of the input fiber and the output fiber. In some examples, the optical switch element may provide optical switching using a multicore fiber (MCF) optical switching technique, such as a lens offset technique, a rotation-based technique, a tip-tilt technique, or an orientable optical element technique.

Abstract: In an optical device, when viewed from a first direction, first, second, third, and fourth movable comb electrodes are respectively disposed between a first support portion and a first end of a movable unit, between a second support portion and a second end of the movable unit, between a third support portion and the first end, and between a fourth support portion and the second end of the movable unit. The first and second support portions respectively include first and second rib portions formed so that the thickness of each of the first and second support portions becomes greater than the thickness of the first torsion bar. The third and fourth support portions respectively include third and fourth rib portions formed so that the thickness of each of the third and fourth support portions becomes greater than the thickness of the second torsion bar.

Abstract: A camera module includes an imaging lens assembly, an image sensor, a first reflecting member and a first driving apparatus. The imaging lens assembly is for converging an imaging light on an image surface. The image sensor is disposed on the image surface. The first reflecting member is located on an image side of the imaging lens assembly, the first reflecting member is for folding the imaging light, and has a first translational degree of freedom. The first reflecting member is assembled on the first driving apparatus, and the first driving apparatus is for driving the first reflecting member moving along the first translational degree of freedom.

Abstract: A micromirror comprising a mirror pivotally attached to a mount by a first pivoting structure that permits pivotal movement of the mirror relative to the mount about a first axis. A first comb drive with a first portion fixed relative to the mirror and a second portion fixed relative to the mount, and the first comb drive are adapted to actuate the mirror about the first axis. A first support structure pivotally attached to the mount by a second pivoting structure that permits pivotal movement of the mount relative to the first support structure about a second axis, and the second axis is non-parallel to the first axis. A second comb drive with a first portion fixed relative to the mount and a second portion fixed relative to the first support structure, and the second comb drive is adapted to actuate the mount about the second axis.

Abstract: Communication systems and methods for high-data-rate, high-efficiency, free-space communications are described. High-speed optical modems and automatic repeat request can be employed to transmit large data files without data errors between remote devices, such as an earth-orbiting satellite and ground station. Data rates over 100 Gb/s can be achieved.

Abstract: An optical module includes a support layer, a device layer which is provided on the support layer, and a movable mirror which is mounted in the device layer. The device layer has a mounting region which is penetrated by the movable mirror, and a driving region which is connected to the mounting region. A space corresponding to at least the mounting region and the driving region is formed between the support layer and the device layer. A portion of the movable mirror is positioned in the space.

Abstract: A non-powered passive optomechanical position switch and an operational control system for controlling an apparatus using an optical fiber waveguide, the switch including an orientable structure supporting a plurality of reflective surfaces at the terminus of the optical fiber waveguide, wherein at least some of the reflective surfaces each uniquely manipulates one or more properties of light received from the optical fiber waveguide in reflecting light back through the optical fiber waveguide to an optocontrolling transceiver. Orienting the orientable structure relative to the terminus of the optical fiber determines which of the plurality of reflective surfaces is positioned at the terminus of the optical fiber waveguide, and thereby determines what properties of light are manipulated and reflected back to the optocontrolling transceiver, through the optical fiber waveguide thereby controlling an apparatus.

Abstract: In various embodiments, free-space optical collimator and multi-channel wavelength division multiplexers including free-space optical collimators are provided. In one embodiment, for example, a free-space optical collimator includes a base having a length, a generally flat bottom surface and a top surface. A groove is disposed along the top surface of the base extending through the length of the base. A lens is disposed within the groove of the base and a fiber optic pigtail is disposed generally adjacent to a focal point of the lens. The lens and fiber optic pigtail are aligned within the groove to reduce an off-angle offset of an optical light signal propagating through the free-space optical collimator. In other embodiments, a process of producing a free-space optical collimator is also provided.

Abstract: An image displacement device includes a first grating and a second grating. Each grating is switchable between a diffracting state and a non-diffracting state. The first grating has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the first surface receives image beams, and the image beams leave the first grating by the second surface. The second grating is disposed downstream from the first grating in a light path and has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface. The third surface receives the image beams, and the image beams leave the second grating by the fourth surface. An exit direction of the image beam exiting the second grating is shifted a distance in a first direction from an incident direction of the image beam incident to the first grating.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical multiplexer, whereby one molded product is formed by using a mold and vertically cut in a row direction, thus efficiently manufacturing multiple optical multiplexers, with a microlens array and an optical block being integrated together. Therefore, the present invention may increase product productivity and realize a size reduction of a product.

Abstract: A layered hinge design providing an improved shock and vibration performance for a two-axis MEMS Micromirror featuring combs drive actuation with independent drive and control for rotating the Micromirror along two-axis of rotation. The two-axis MEMS Micromirror is fabricated using Double SOI wafer as the primary starting material. In addition, a plurality of actuation voltages are driven via conductive layers forming one or more hinges allowing the Micromirror to rotate along the two-axis of rotation. The layered hinge design achieves set angles that are highly stable over time and provides a robust and reliable micromirror that is easy to drive with multiple DC voltages, and moderately insensitive to temperature, shock and vibration.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a MEMS-based variable optical attenuator (VOA) array, sequentially including an optical fiber array, a micro-lens array, and a MEMS-based micro-reflector array to form a VOA array having several optical attenuation units. The MEMS-based micro-reflectors can change the propagation direction of a beam, causing a misalignment coupling loss to the beam and thereby achieving optical attenuation, with a broad range of dynamic attenuation, low polarization dependent loss and wavelength dependent loss, good repeatability, short response time (at the millisecond level), etc. Arrayed device elements are used as assembly units of the present disclosure, and the assembly of arrayed elements facilitates tuning in batches. Accordingly, automation levels are improved, and the production costs are reduced.

Abstract: An optical switch includes a first bus waveguide supported by a substrate, an optical antenna suspended over the first bus waveguide via a spring, and interdigitated electrodes coupling the substrate with optical antenna and configured to control a position of the optical antenna relative to the first bus waveguide. When a voltage difference applied to the interdigitated electrodes is less than a lower threshold, the optical antenna is at a first position offset from the first bus waveguide, when the voltage difference applied to the interdigitated electrodes is greater than an upper threshold, the optical antenna is at a second position offset from the first bus waveguide, and the offset at the second position is greater than at the first position.

Abstract: A Cascaded Mirror Array optical scanning system applies an array of reflectors, with each reflector (called array reflector for convenience) movable between discretized angular positions and independently switched by digitized electrical signals, to process a light beam by cascaded reflections to generate desired deflection angle of the beam. The precision of the discretized angular positions of each array reflector is maintained by a support structure, which supports the reflector while allowing it to rotate or tilt, and a set of positioning limiting structure, which limits the allowable angular position of the array reflector between a finite number of angular positions corresponding to the discretized angular positions.

Abstract: A first optical waveguide is formed on a semiconductor substrate in such a way that the first optical waveguide is surrounded by clad layers. An outside portion of the first optical waveguide is formed as a terminator, which includes a taper portion and a bending structure portion. The taper portion has a width, which is gradually reduced in a direction to a forward end of the first optical waveguide. The taper portion coverts a light confinement condition from a strong condition to a weak condition in the direction to the forward end of the first optical waveguide. The bending structure portion has an arc shape extending from an outside end of the taper portion on a plane parallel to a surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for selectively incoupling light having different wavelengths into one of a plurality of waveguides. The systems and methods provided for selectively incoupling light having different wavelengths into one of a plurality of waveguides comprise a switching device comprising switchable reflective elements that can be configured to redirect incoming light towards an incoupling element associated with one of a plurality of waveguides.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical actuator for a light beam steering device is provided that includes memory cells coupled to at least one electronic circuitry component and electrode segments coupled to a respective one of the memory cells via the at least one electronic circuitry component. A flexible metal layer having support pillars is on the electrode segments. Flexible beams are attached to the support pillars and a movable electrode attaches to the flexible beams. A mirror is attached to the movable electrode. When one or more of the electrode segments is activated, the mirror is displaced a distance to steer a light beam output from a light source in a direction.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a flow cytometer is disclosed having a compact light detection module. The compact light detection module includes an image array with a transparent block, a plurality of micro-mirrors in a row coupled to a first side of the transparent block, and a plurality of filters in a row coupled to a second side of the transparent block opposite the first side. Each of the plurality of filters reflects light to one of the plurality of micro-mirrors and passes light of a differing wavelength range and each of the plurality of micro-mirrors reflects light to one of the plurality of filters, such that incident light into the image array zigzags back and forth between consecutive filters of the plurality of filters and consecutive micro-mirrors of the plurality of micro-mirrors. A radius of curvature of each of the plurality of micro-mirrors images the fiber aperture onto the odd filters and collimates the light beam on the even filters.

Abstract: An array of micro mirrors is used to beam steer a laser for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) applications. The array of micro mirrors are driven in a nonlinear motion to synchronize motion of the micro mirrors in the array.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a flow cytometer is disclosed having a compact light detection module. The compact light detection module includes an image array with a transparent block, a plurality of micro-mirrors in a row coupled to a first side of the transparent block, and a plurality of filters in a row coupled to a second side of the transparent block opposite the first side. Each of the plurality of filters reflects light to one of the plurality of micro-mirrors and passes light of a differing wavelength range and each of the plurality of micro-mirrors reflects light to one of the plurality of filters, such that incident light into the image array zigzags back and forth between consecutive filters of the plurality of filters and consecutive micro-mirrors of the plurality of micro-mirrors. A radius of curvature of each of the plurality of micro-mirrors images the fiber aperture onto the odd filters and collimates the light beam on the even filters.

Abstract: Ophthalmic devices including dynamic visual field modulation are disclosed herein. An example ophthalmic device may include a first liquid crystal cell including a first dichroic dye, a second liquid crystal cell including a second dichroic dye, wherein the first and second liquid crystal cells are in optical series so that incident light on the ophthalmic device passes through both the first and second liquid crystal cells, a photodetector positioned within the ophthalmic device to detect the incident light and coupled to output a data signal indicative of a property of the incident light, and control electronics coupled to receive the data signal from the photodetector in response to the incident light, and further coupled to independently and dynamically control the first and second liquid crystal cells based at least in part on the data signal.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) to receive a first optical signal and a second ROADM to receive a second optical signal. The apparatus also includes a reconfigurable optical switch that includes a first switch, switchable between a first state and a second state, to transmit the first optical signal at the first state and block the first optical signal at the second state. The reconfigurable optical switch also includes a second switch, switchable between the first state and the second state, to transmit the second optical signal at the first state and block the second optical signal at the second state. The reconfigurable optical switch also includes an output port to transmit an output signal that is a sum of possible optical signals transmitted through the first switch and the second switch.

Abstract: A communication system includes a plurality of transmitters and a receiving unit. The transmitters are configured to divide signals to be emitted into K part signals and to emit the K part signals using K sub-carriers. K is an integer. The K sub-carriers are frequency bands having a sub-carrier bandwidth and are spaced in frequency. The receiving unit is configured to receive signals emitted by the transmitters. The invention further refers to a transmitter.

Abstract: A photonic neural component includes optical transmitters, optical receivers, inter-node waveguides formed on a board, transmitting waveguides configured to receive optical signals emitted from the optical transmitters and transmit the received optical signals to the inter-node waveguides, mirrors to partially reflect optical signals propagating on the inter-node waveguides, receiving waveguides configured to receive reflected optical signals produced by the mirrors and transmit the reflected optical signals to the optical receivers, and filters configured to apply weights to the reflected optical signals. The transmitting waveguides and receiving waveguides are formed on the board such that one of the transmitting waveguides and one of the receiving waveguides crosses one of the inter-node waveguides with a core of one of the crossing waveguides passing through a core or clad of the other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an optical switching fabric or other optical device are provided. The device has multiple input and output ports to be selectably connected together via optical paths. For a requested configuration, an optical device configuration is determined based on a loss metric, which is based on one or both of: a number of crossings of the optical paths; and a length of the optical paths. The crossings can be waveguide crossings within the switching fabric. The configuration can be obtained by selecting particular intermediate stages of the switching fabric for carrying particular optical paths. The number of waveguide crossings, or the variation in the number of waveguide crossings, can be limited or minimized in the selected configuration. In one embodiment, an initial solution is determined, and the intermediate stages of the switch are re-ordered to obtain an improved solution in terms of the loss metric.

Abstract: A switch circuit and a high-speed multiplexer-demultiplexer are provided. The switch circuit includes an equalization module and an MOS transistor. A gate of the first MOS transistor is connected to an output terminal of the equalization module. An input terminal of the first MOS transistor is connected to a signal source. An output terminal of the first MOS transistor is connected to a subsequent circuit. The equalization module is configured to: supply a turning-on signal to the first MOS transistor in a case that an operation signal is acquired, to turn on the first MOS transistor; and generate a compensation signal for compensating an attenuation of the signal transmitted through the first MOS transistor, and apply the compensation signal to the gate of the first MOS transistor. The switch circuit operates in response to the operation signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides imaging devices, systems, and methods of operation for acoustic-enhanced optical coherence tomography. The systems coordinate imaging devices, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and pulsed ultrasound (FUS) and or pulsed ultrasound (PUS) to enhance the contrast of images. Moreover, the systems improve in vivo diagnosis and drug release through the utilization of sonographic enhancers such as microbubbles (MBs).

Abstract: An optical communication subassembly includes one or more optoelectronic devices, one or more optical elements, and a transceiver light coupling unit. Each optical element is configured to change a divergence of the outgoing light relative to a divergence of the incoming light and is spaced apart from and optically aligned with a corresponding optoelectronic device. The transceiver light coupling unit has a mating surface configured for mating with a connector light coupling unit attached to an optical waveguide. A mating direction of the optical light coupling unit forms an angle with the mating surface of the transceiver light coupling unit such that when the connector light coupling unit mates with the transceiver light coupling unit, the angle between the mating direction of the connector light coupling unit and the mating surface of the transceiver light coupling unit causes the optical waveguide to bend.

Abstract: A system and method for tuning and infrared source laser in the Mid-IR wavelength range. The system and method comprising, at least, a plurality of individually tunable emitters, each emitter emitting a beam having a unique wavelength, a grating, a mirror positioned after the grating to receive at least one refracted order of light of at least one beam and to redirect the beam back towards the grating, and a micro-electro-mechanical systems device containing a plurality of adjustable micro-mirrors.

Abstract: A signal monitoring method and apparatus for a wavelength selective switch (WSS) are provided. The signal monitoring method for a wavelength selective switch WSS includes: encoding a phase of a first optical engine based on an input WDM signal, so that the WDM signal is split into a transmitted signal and a monitored signal after passing through the first optical engine; inputting the monitored signal to a second optical engine disposed at an output-side grating; and controlling the second optical engine to rotate in a wavelength plane of the WDM signal, so that monitored light of a specified wavelength in the monitored signal is output from the second optical engine at a preset angle.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include an optoelectronic package that allows for in situ alignment of optical fibers. In an embodiment, the optoelectronic package may include an organic substrate. Embodiments include a cavity formed into the organic substrate. Additionally, the optoelectronic package may include an actuator formed on the organic substrate that extends over the cavity. In one embodiment, the actuator may include a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the piezoelectric layer. According to an additional embodiment of the invention, the actuator may include a first portion and a second portion. In order to allow for resistive heating and actuation driven by thermal expansion, a cross-sectional area of the first portion of the beam may be greater than a cross-sectional area of the second portion of the beam.

Abstract: An optical probe scanning assembly for use in an optical probe includes a mirror assembly that focuses an illumination beam path and a collection beam path at a region of interest within the sample. The illumination beam and the collection beam overlap to form a confocal beam region. The mirror assembly is movable in an x-axis direction and in a y-axis direction to scan the confocal beam region within the sample. The scanning assembly further includes a scanning suspension system including a gimbal assembly connected to the mirror assembly to allow the mirror assembly to rotate about one or more axes. The mirror is thereby adapted to scan along at least two different orthogonal planes, one of which extends vertically into the sample.

Abstract: Beam steering devices and optical apparatuses including the beam steering devices are provided. A beam steering device includes a light source configured to generate input lights having first different wavelengths, a multiplexer configured to simultaneously receive the generated input lights, and multiplex the received input lights into a multiplexed light, and an optical splitter configured to split the multiplexed light. The beam steering device further includes an optical modulator configured to modulate the split light, and an emitter configured to simultaneously emit output lights having second different wavelengths to different points arranged in a first direction, based on the modulated light.

Abstract: A photonic neural component including optical transmitters, optical receivers, inter-node waveguides formed on a board, multiplexers configured to multiplex input optical signals onto the inter-node waveguides, transmitting waveguides configured to receive optical signals emitted from the optical transmitters and transmit the received optical signals to the inter-node waveguides via the multiplexers, mirrors to partially reflect optical signals propagating on the inter-node waveguides, receiving waveguides configured to receive reflected optical signals produced by the mirrors and transmit the reflected optical signals to the optical receivers, and filters configured to apply weights to the reflected optical signals. The transmitting waveguides and receiving waveguides are formed on the board such that one of the transmitting waveguides and one of the receiving waveguides crosses one of the inter-node waveguides with a core of one of the crossing waveguides passing through a core or clad of the other.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for selectively incoupling light having different wavelengths into one of a plurality of waveguides. The systems and methods provided for selectively incoupling light having different wavelengths into one of a plurality of waveguides comprise a switching device comprising switchable reflective elements that can be configured to redirect incoming light towards an incoupling element associated with one of a plurality of waveguides.

Abstract: A Multi-Chip Module (MCM) includes a substrate and a switch controller on the substrate. An optical module on the substrate includes at least one optical crosspoint switch for selectively routing optical signals received by the optical module out of the MCM without the MCM buffering data from the optical signals or without converting the optical signals into electrical signals for processing data from the optical signals by the switch controller. According to another aspect, at least one memory on the substrate is connected to the switch controller by a parallel bus. In another aspect, the MCM includes a plurality of input optical paths for receiving optical signals from outside the MCM, a plurality of output optical paths for transmitting optical signals from the MCM, and a plurality of optical crosspoint switches each connecting an input optical path to an output optical path to selectively route optical signals.

Abstract: Unlike most MEMS device configurations which simply switch between two positions in many optical devices the state of a MEMS mirror is important in all transition positions. It may determine the characteristics of an optical delay line system and by that an optical coherence tomography system in one application and in another the number of wavelength channels and the dynamic wavelength switching capabilities in the other. The role of the MEMS is essential and it is responsible for altering the paths of the different wavelengths in either device. It would be beneficial to improve the performance of such MEMS and thereby the performance of the optical components and optical systems they form part of. The inventors have established improvements to the design and implementation of such MEMS mirrors as well as optical waveguide technologies to in-plane optical processing as well as the mid infrared for optical spectroscopy.

Abstract: A photonic neural component includes optical transmitters, optical receivers, inter-node waveguides formed on a board, transmitting waveguides configured to receive optical signals emitted from the optical transmitters and transmit the received optical signals to the inter-node waveguides, mirrors to partially reflect optical signals propagating on the inter-node waveguides, receiving waveguides configured to receive reflected optical signals produced by the mirrors and transmit the reflected optical signals to the optical receivers, and filters configured to apply weights to the reflected optical signals. The transmitting waveguides and receiving waveguides are formed on the board such that one of the transmitting waveguides and one of the receiving waveguides crosses one of the inter-node waveguides with a core of one of the crossing waveguides passing through a core or clad of the other.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for evaluating spectral properties of a measurement object. It comprises a plurality of light emission units, each emitting light with a predetermined emission spectrum and having a respective output configured for emitting the light with the predetermined emission spectrum onto the measurement object, an optical spectrograph having an input port adapted to receive light from the measurement object and a diffraction unit adapted to distribute different wavelengths of the received light to different output ports comprising the optical detectors, wherein the diffraction unit is adapted to distribute said received light to the respective output ports such that the lights in the respective output port have different wavelengths at different diffraction orders; a signal identification unit adapted to identify which of the light emission units contribute to the respective light in the respective output ports.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a micro-electro mechanical (MEMS) device including a substrate, and a MEMS mirror stack on the substrate. A first bonding layer seals against ingress of environmental contaminants and mechanically anchors the MEMS mirror stack to the substrate. A cap layer is formed on the MEMS mirror stack. A second boding layer seals against ingress of environmental contaminants and mechanically anchors the cap layer to the MEMS mirror stack.

Abstract: An apparatus including a flexible substrate; and an overhanging electronic component island, the electronic component island configured to be less flexible than the flexible substrate and including one or more electronic components, wherein the electronic component island includes a substrate-face with a connection portion and an overhang portion, the connection portion being mechanically coupled to a surface of the flexible substrate via a single connection-support pad and the overhang portion configured to overhang and be substantially free of the underlying flexible substrate such that the underlying flexible substrate can be strained independently from the overhang portion under operational strains of the flexible substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes a two-dimensional array of tiles. Each tile includes a two-dimensional array of pixels and an electro-optic element of a two-dimensional array of electro-optic elements. The device includes one or more processors configured to: obtain an image of an object; activate at least a subset of the two-dimensional array of tiles for outputting a collective pattern of light that includes at least a portion of the image of the object; and activate at least a subset of the two-dimensional array of electro-optic elements for projecting the collective pattern of light. At least the subset of the two-dimensional array of electro-optic elements is configured to have a focal length, that is selected based on proximity of the object in a distance model, for projecting the collective pattern of light.

Abstract: A photonic neural component including optical transmitters, optical receivers, inter-node waveguides formed on a board, multiplexers configured to multiplex input optical signals onto the inter-node waveguides, transmitting waveguides configured to receive optical signals emitted from the optical transmitters and transmit the received optical signals to the inter-node waveguides via the multiplexers, mirrors to partially reflect optical signals propagating on the inter-node waveguides, receiving waveguides configured to receive reflected optical signals produced by the mirrors and transmit the reflected optical signals to the optical receivers, and filters configured to apply weights to the reflected optical signals. The transmitting waveguides and receiving waveguides are formed on the board such that one of the transmitting waveguides and one of the receiving waveguides crosses one of the inter-node waveguides with a core of one of the crossing waveguides passing through a core or clad of the other.