Abstract: An optical switch includes plural pairs of ports and first lenses, each of the ports emitting light in a diffused manner or receiving light input thereto in a collected manner, and the first lenses respectively collimating light emitted from the ports; a second lens that collects the light collimated by the first lenses; and an inclinable mirror that reflects the light collected by the second lens at different angles toward the second lens. A position of a first lens is adjusted based on a first distance between a core of the second lens and a portion of the second lens through which light collimated by the first lens passes.

Abstract: A method of forming an optical switch is disclosed. The optical switch is implemented with one or more cantilevered optical channels, which are formed in a flexible waveguide structure, and an actuator which is connected to the cantilevered optical channels, to position the cantilevered optical channels to direct an optical signal along one of a number of optical pathways.

Abstract: An optical module includes a fiber array, a laser diode array, a photodiode array and a micro-lens array. The fiber array includes optical fibers which are divided to a transmitter group and a receiver group. The laser diode array includes laser diodes which are grouped in a transmitter group. The photodiode array includes photodiodes which are divided to a monitor group and a receiver group. The laser diode array is provided between the fiber array and the photodiode array. The optical fibers of the transmitter group are optically aligned with the laser diodes of the transmitter group, respectively. The micro-lens array is provided between the laser diode array and the photodiode array, and optically aligns the laser diodes of the transmitter group and the optical fibers of the receiver group with the photodiodes of the monitor group and the photodiodes of the receiver group, respectively.

Abstract: Simplified and insensitive to ambient condition mechanical bi-directional fiber-optic switch that can work in fire and explosion hazardous environment. The switch houses a sensitive element—a length of single-mode optic fiber and a bending device, which being activated provides specific bending of the optic fiber that introduces high attenuation of an optic signal so completely terminating light signal transmission. The switch can be configured as single on/off switch or multi-channel one.

Abstract: A micromirror for use in an optical apparatus may comprise a reflective portion, configured to be rotatable about a switching axis and an attenuation axis that is different from the switching axis. The reflective portion may include an edge that is substantially parallel to the attenuation axis. The edge may include one or more edge features that protrude above a plane of the micromirror surface and/or are submerged below the plane of the micromirror surface, and/or have an edge shape that deviates from a straight line. Alternatively, an array of micromirrors may have mirrors characterized by sawtooth features disposed along edges that are substantially parallel to the attenuation axis.

Abstract: A photonic crystal may be configured to support a surface state for logic.

Abstract: A 1×N wavelength selective switch which can function as a dynamic channel equalizer when N=1. In an exemplary arrangement, the present invention is a free-space device that includes a linear array of micromachined reflective elements for beam steering of individual wavelength channels. In at least some embodiments the array of reflective elements of the present invention provides a substantially seamless design such that the optical spectrum appears flat across the transition between actuators. Various embodiments provide high channel bandwidth with flat-top channel performance, low polarization dependence loss, low vibration sensitivity, extinction ratios greater than 40 dB over all temperatures, and very low levels of electrical and optical channel cross-talk.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for controlling a light emission from an end of an optical fiber by utilizing a cover that blocks the light emission at the fiber end, a detector situated between the fiber end and the cover that detects the blocked emission, and a signaling device, such as an LED, associated with the detector that illuminates in response to the detection of the blocked emission. The apparatus and methods may further provide for the filtering out of light from the emission that is not used for communications. The apparatus and methods may also provide for the attenuation of the power of the emission before the emission reaches the detector.

Abstract: An optical switch comprises one or more input ports for directing an optical beam into the switch; dispersive means configured to receive said optical beam and which spatially separate the optical beam into individual wavelength components which are routed to an actuator; wherein the actuator is in the form of an array of elongate movable fingers for selectively interfering with individual wavelength components and means are provided to direct optical beams to selected one or more output ports.

Abstract: Attenuators used to regulate optical signals are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, an assembly including an IR source and an IR sensor is provided to sense blockage of optical signals transmitted between two collimators via a fixed common light blocker. The movement of the light blocker is sensed by a sensing assembly including an IR source and IR sensor. By detecting the photocurrent from the IR sensor and a feedback circuit, the attenuation of the optical signals can be well controlled.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises an arrangement for providing communication between a first body part and a second body part of the electronic device. The first body part and second body part are moveable relative to one another; each body part comprising a contact surface, the contact surfaces being located generally adjacent one another. At least one contact surface comprises an optical light guide component arranged to provide communication between the first body part and second body part.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-beam light source including a light guide array by which the yield can be improved. An array pitch P2 of entrance surfaces of light guide pattern is 1/N as wide as an array pitch P1 of exit surfaces of optical fiber arrays. The number of the light guide patterns is N or more times as large as the number of optical fibers. The exit surfaces of a plurality of the optical fibers are coupled with the entrance surfaces of a plurality of the light guide patterns opposed thereto.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is joined to a liquid container. The integrated circuit includes a passivation layer. A resistor is used as a heater to heat fluid in a liquid container. A mesa structure is formed over the passivation layer. The mesa structure is in contact with the resistor and is used to more effectively deliver heat from the resistor to the liquid container.

Abstract: A cabinet tamper detection device is disclosed. The tamper detection device includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion includes a housing and a first magnet movable relative to the housing between a first position and a second position. The second portion includes a second magnet. The first and the second magnets are configured such that the second magnet applies a magnetic force on the first magnet to keep the first magnet at the first position when the first and the second magnets are at a predetermined relative position. When at least one of the first and the second magnets is moved from the predetermined relative position, the first magnet moves from the first position to the second position to trigger a tamper warning.

Abstract: An optical switch is implemented with one or more cantilevered optical channels, which are formed in a flexible waveguide structure, and an actuator which is connected to the cantilevered optical channels, to position the cantilevered optical channels to direct an optical signal along one of a number of optical pathways.

Abstract: A photonic crystal may be configured to support a surface state for logic.

Abstract: An optical switching device, comprises an optical switch and an optical connector receiving means mateable with a connector., means for effectuating switching by engaging a connector in said receiving means, characterised in that said switching effectuating means acts or is acted upon once a connector is sufficiently engaged in the receiving means for optical communication with the connector to occur.

Abstract: A photonic crystal may be configured to support a surface state for logic.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are related to photonic systems and methods that can be used to encode data in carrier electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment of the present invention, a photonic system comprises a first waveguide configured to transmit a number of electromagnetic waves. The photonic system includes a photonic crystal with a resonant cavity and is configured to selectively and evanescently couple one or more of the electromagnetic waves from the first waveguide into the resonant cavity. The photonic system also includes a second waveguide positioned to transmit and extract one or more electromagnetic waves from the resonant cavity via evanescent coupling.

Abstract: A rocker styled switch includes an arm member moveable into and out of a beam path transmitting light between an optical transmitter and an optical receiver for blocking and allowing light to reach the receiver for providing an actuating signal. An end of the arm member includes a cam follower moveable along a contoured cam surface for causing a preferential movement of the arm member from an unstable position to a stable position responsive to the cam surface for defining a switching operation. Interchangeable cam surfaces provide a one position momentary switch, a two position momentary switch, a two position stationary switch, and a three position stationary switch.

Abstract: Effects of diffraction of a spectral beam from an edge of the micromirrors are reduced in order to optimize the passband in a wavelength selective switch. The effects of diffraction on the pass band may be reduced by using rotation of the micromirror about both the attenuation axis and the switching axis to achieve the desired level of attenuation. Peak coupling can be attained by dithering the micromirror about a dither axis that is tangent to a contour of constant attenuation using simultaneous rotation about the switching and attenuation axes. A power level of a spectral channel may be attenuated by rotating the channel micromirror with respect to an effective attenuation axis that is non-orthogonal to the dither axis through a combination of rotations about the switching axis and the attenuation axis.

Abstract: An optical cross-connect is provided. The optical cross-connect includes a glass wedge, having a front end and a back end, positioned between a first one-dimensional collimator array and a second one-dimensional collimator array, where the first collimator array includes a first V-groove array having a first set of etched grooves for placing a first group of optical fibers and the second collimator array includes a second V-groove array having a second set of etched grooves for placing a second group of optical fibers; and a MEMS substrate attached at a fixed distance to the front end of the glass wedge, where the front end is covered in a reflective coating for reflecting light from the first and second collimator arrays onto the MEMS substrate.

Abstract: Effects of diffraction of a spectral beam from an edge of the micromirrors are reduced in order to optimize the passband in a wavelength selective switch. The effects of diffraction on the pass band may be reduced by appropriate modification of the edges of the micromirrors, by modification of the input and/or output ports to allow for attenuation by rotation of the micromirror about the switching axis, by using rotation of the micromirror about both the attenuation axis and the switching axis to achieve the desired level of attenuation, by inserting an aperture at a focal plane or external to the device to reduce the magnitude of the micromirror edge diffraction transmitted to any or all output ports, or by appropriate filtering of angular frequencies with a diffraction grating used to separate a multi-channel optical signal into constituent spectral beams.

Abstract: A device and method for collecting subject responses, particularly during magnetic imaging experiments and testing using a method such as functional MRI. The device comprises a non-metallic input device which is coupled via fiber optic cables to a computer or other data collection device. One or more optical switches transmit the subject's responses. The input device keeps the subject's fingers comfortably aligned with the switches by partially immobilizing the forearm, wrist, and/or hand of the subject. Also a robust nonmetallic switch, particularly for use with the input device and methods for optical switching.

Abstract: An optical switch for switching the connection of one or more movable optical fibers to one or more stationary optical fibers, comprising a movable soft magnetic block connected to an end portion of each movable optical fiber, a stationary soft magnetic block connected to each stationary optical fiber and fixed at a position opposing the movable block, an actuator for moving the movable block relative to the stationary block, and a means for positioning the movable block relative to the stationary block; the actuator comprising a yoke having a base portion and a pair of arms extending from both ends of the base portion such that they sandwich the movable block in its moving direction, a permanent magnet attached to the base portion of the yoke, and a coil mounted to at least one arm; and regardless of the position of the movable block, a magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet being more in a first gap between one arm and the movable block than in a second gap between the other arm and the movable blo

Abstract: A micromirror element is configured such that a mirror body is arranged via a support on a wiring substrate on which a pair of mirror drive electrodes and a light detection unit are arranged. A mirror is constituted of a mirror frame and a movable mirror swayably supported by the mirror frame. A light transmitting hole is formed at the center of the movable mirror. Light passing through the light transmitting hole is detected by the light detection device.

Abstract: A wavelength cross connect is provided in which there is a dispersive arrangement per port for each input port and each output port. Some of the dispersive arrangements have differing characteristics so as to result in different performances at the ports. The dispersive arrangements can differ in the selection of different dispersive elements or differing coupling optics. A particular implementation features a first set of waveguide dispersive elements having first performance characteristics, and a second set of waveguide dispersive elements having second performance characteristics.

Abstract: A light controlling means includes a shutter member and an actuator. The shutter member is disposed in a slit and has a function to shut off signal light propagated in the light path of an optical fiber array. The actuator is constructed to drive and move the shutter member in a vertical direction. The shutter member is fixed to one end of the actuator and positioned substantially in alignment with an inclination angle of the slit. Further, a base member of the shutter member is made from transparent quartz glass. A light reflecting film is formed on a portion of one of the plate surfaces of the shutter member, on a surface opposite the optical axis of a light exit portion.

Abstract: A tunable filter including; a fixed substrate provided with a fixed reflecting film and capable of transmitting light having a shorter wavelength than infrared light; a movable substrate provided with a movable section equipped with a movable reflecting film and disposed to the fixed substrate so that the movable reflecting film and the fixed reflecting film faces each other with a predetermined length of gap; and a drive section for varying the length of the gap by displacing the movable section with respect to the fixed substrate, wherein light entering the gap from the outside is repeatedly reflected by the movable reflecting film and the fixed reflecting film for outputting light having a wavelength corresponding to the length of the gap, and the movable section is provided, at an area to which the movable reflecting film is disposed, with a light transmitting section capable of transmitting light having a shorter wavelength than infrared light and for inputting/outputting light from/to the outside.

Abstract: A parallel mounted MEMs optical diagnostic switch disposed within an optical connector for directing optical signals from one or a plurality of light sources to one or a plurality of light collectors by activating a feedback loop through the use of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS). The present invention includes one or more mirrors mounted parallel to the path of optical transmission through the tool. The mirrors and can be automatically activated at power up or selectively thereafter for detecting faults in any upstream fiber optic component. When in the passive mode, the present invention retracts away from the optical path so as not to interfere with normal system operations.

Abstract: A device for directing one or more optical channels includes one or more micromirror elements. A micromirror element has a mirror and a mirror controller. The mirror is operable to reflect light at a first interaction area to yield a first passband for an optical channel, and to reflect light at a second interaction area to yield a second passband for the optical channel. The mirror controller operates to position the mirror at a first position at which light interacts with the first interaction area to yield the first passband, and to position the mirror at a second position at which light interacts with the second interaction area to yield the second passband.

Abstract: A 1×N wavelength selective switch which can function as a dynamic channel equalizer when N=1. In an exemplary arrangement, the present invention is a free-space device that includes a linear array of micromachined reflective elements for beam steering of individual wavelength channels. In at least some embodiments the array of reflective elements of the present invention provides a substantially seamless design such that the optical spectrum appears flat across the transition between actuators. Various embodiments provide high channel bandwidth with flat-top channel performance, low polarization dependence loss, low vibration sensitivity, extinction ratios greater than 40 dB over all temperatures, and very low levels of electrical and optical channel cross-talk.

Abstract: An optical switch easy to adjust optical parts without using a catoptric system and an optical add/drop multiplexer using the optical switch are provided. Between an input light outputting collimator device 20 and an output light inputting collimator device 21 provided to face each other at a predetermined spaced interval, a drop light inputting collimator device 22 and an add light outputting collimator device 23 fixed and held on a movable holding member 24a in common are moved forward and retreated, and thereby a switching is conducted.

Abstract: A reflective optical switch comprises an input/output port portion; a polarization separator/combiner for separating lights in the same optical path and combining lights in different optical paths; a Faraday rotation angle changer; a polarization rotator for changing the relationship in polarizing direction between lights in different optical paths; a birefringence element for optical path control for controlling optical path shift in response to polarizing direction; and a polarization rotating reflector for rotating polarizing direction 90 degrees on forward and return paths. The input/output port portion, the polarization separator/combiner, the Faraday rotation angle changer, the polarization rotator, the birefringence element for optical path control, and the polarization rotating reflector are arranged along the optical path, and the Faraday rotation angle changer includes a Faraday element and an electromagnet for controlling 90-degree change in polarizing direction of transmitted light thereof.

Abstract: An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed, wherein a core is arranged on each side of a filter element, and the light is caused to enter the filter element from one of the cores without using a collimator lens. The loss of the transmitted light is reduced by optimizing the axial shift amount of the cores on the two sides. The optical axes of the cores 21, 23 located on both sides of the filter element 26 are displaced by ?. This axial shift amount ? is determined as A(?)•T•tan ?, where A(?) is a predetermined coefficient depending on the wavelength of the incident light, ? the angle between the optical axis of the incident light and the normal to the entrance surface of the filter element, and T the thickness in terms of a medium depending on the refractive indexes of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer making up a multilayer film of the filter element.

Abstract: An optical switch having a plurality of switch cells. The optical switch has n inputs (n is a natural number) and m outputs (m is a natural number). The optical switch has a unit size defined as the distance between any two adjacent ones of the switch cells. The optical switch comprises a substrate having a switch size of K×L (K is an integer satisfying n?K, and L is an integer satisfying m?L), first and second mirrors parallel to each other and perpendicular to a principal surface of the substrate, and an optical unit providing a plurality of input optical paths for the n inputs and a plurality of output optical paths for the m outputs. The plurality of input optical paths are inclined relative to the first and second mirrors, and the plurality of output optical paths are inclined relative to the first and second mirrors. Each switch cell comprises a switch mirror provided movably relative to the substrate. With this configuration, the path dependence of loss is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: An optical bubble switch having structures for heating trenches in response to applied electromagnetic energy. The structures for heating trenches according to the present teachings reduce the power dissipation in power lines in an MCC and facilitate drying of trench walls during bubble formation.

Abstract: A miniature movable device comprises a movable part (a mirror, a movable rod, support arms, and a movable comb tooth electrode) formed on a substrate and adapted to be displaced in a direction parallel to the sheet surface of the substrate, a fixing part formed and fixedly mounted on the substrate, and hinges, each having its opposite ends connected to the movable part and the fixing part and assuming two flexural conditions which are reversed in flexural, the hinges being effective to maintain the movable part at two positions by a self-holding action when it assumes either flexural condition. The substrate is formed with wall surfaces which are disposed oppositely to the opposite surfaces of the hinges over a movable range of the hinges.

Abstract: An optical cross-connect switch comprises a base (216), a flap (211) and one or more electrically conductive landing pads (222) connected to the flap (211). The flap (211) has a bottom portion that is movably coupled to the base (216) such that the flap (211) is movable with respect to a plane of the base (216) from a first orientation to a second orientation. The one or more landing pads (222) are electrically isolated from the flap (211) and electrically coupled to be equipotential with a landing surface.

Abstract: An optical switch has an input port, output ports, optical waveguides whose output path of an optical signal branch into two. A first stage optical switch section is provided in a branching portion of the optical waveguide, which switches a propagating path of an optical signal to a path leading to the desired output port. A subsequent stage optical switch section is provided in a branching portion of the optical waveguide subsequent to the first stage optical switch section, which switches a propagating path of a leakage light, which is leaked from the first stage optical switch section, to a path which does not propagates the leakage light to any of the output ports. The first stage optical switch section and the subsequent stage optical switch section switch a path of an optical signal according to a refractive index change caused by a carrier injection.

Abstract: A single-sided optical switching device for functioning as a dual switch wherein individual switches share common switching means is disclosed. The individual switches have separate ports and share common switching means formed by a moveable refractor, a single lens and a stationary reflector, wherein the movable refractor is positionable between the lens and the stationary reflector for redirecting light within ports of individual switches. An embodiment of the device provides a single-sided dual 2×2 bypass switch comprising a single lens and a single switching element.

Abstract: An apparatus for acting on an optical path, includes an at least partly opaque lever, and a bearance fulcrum about which at least a part of the lever is slewable at least partly in and out of the optical path by the use of a piezo-electric force.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for directing a radiation beam (504, 606) in a desired direction. There is provided a movable member (10) supported for movement by a fixed member (40) and the movable member has an optical element, e.g a flat mirror (30) fixedly attached thereto. In one embodiment the mirror scans a radiation beam incident thereon in one plane. In a second embodiment, the radiation beam is scanned in two mutually perpendicular planes. A magnetic element (50) having a north and a south magnetic pole is fixedly attached to the movable member (10). A magnetically permeable stator element (70) that is stationary with respect to the movable member (10) and the magnetic element (50) is placed in the field of the magnetic element such that the stator element and said magnetic element mutually generate a magnetic traction force between them.

Abstract: An MEMS variable optical attenuator includes a substrate having a planar surface, a micro-electric actuator arranged on the planar surface of the substrate, a pair of coaxially aligned optical waveguides having a receiving end and a transmitting end, respectively, and an optical shutter movable to a predetermined position between the receiving end and the transmitting end of the optical waveguides, and driven by the micro-electric actuator. A surface layer is formed on the optical shutter, has reflectivity less than 80% so as to allow incident light beams to partially transmit thereinto, and further has a sufficient light extinction ratio, thereby extinguishing the partially transmitted light beams therein.

Abstract: The integrated photonic switch can be used in all-optical networks. incoming multiplexed signals from a number of input fiber ports are separated into their component wavelengths. Individual wavelengths are switched within the switch fabric towards the desired output, and the wavelengths are then multiplexed into WDM signals directed to the appropriate output ports. The multiplexer and demultiplexer are diffraction grating devices, integrated with the switch fabric. The switch fabric includes two matrices of 3-D MEMS mirrors arranged in the same plane, or in two parallel planes. The optical path between the input ports, the demultiplexer and the input matrix is pre-set so that each wavelength is incident on a certain mirror. Similarly, the geometry of the output matrix, the multiplexer and the output ports determines uniquely the wavelengths on a certain port.

Abstract: An optical transmission system of the present invention includes input ports to which laser beams are respectively input, condensing, input optical elements, input reflectors corresponding one-to-one to the input optical elements each, output reflectors, output optical elements, and output ports. Assume that maximum one and minimum one of optical distances between the input optical elements and the output optical elements are DL and DS, respectively. Then, the beam waist position Q of the laser beam output from the input optical element closest to the input port satisfies a relation: 0.9(DL+DS)/4?Q?1.1(DL+DS)/4.

Abstract: An optical switch includes support devices to create bends in the flexible optical fibers. In accordance with the invention, the support devices may be fabricated to include one or more microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. The support devices may also be fabricated as a support plate connected to one or more MEMS devices. A MEMS device includes a pair of actuators, such as electrostatic actuators, to create a bend in a flexible optical fiber. Selectively actuating or rotating the support devices creates bends in the optical fibers, which direct a beam of light from an input optical fiber to a corresponding output optical fiber. The bends in the fibers provide maximum coupling of the light into an output fiber.

Abstract: Provided are optical switches applicable to various safety apparatuses which can control an operation of a circuit by detecting a switching signal such as pathogens and toxic substances, and safety apparatuses using the optical switches. The optical switch comprises an optical irradiation unit to irradiate light; an optical interference unit which can interact with a switching signal, interferes with light irradiated from the optical irradiation unit and radiates it as interference light, and can vary the wavelength of the interference light after interaction with the switching signal; and a switching unit which is provided in the path of the interference light, detects a wavelength change of the interference light, and conducts one of activating and deactivating a circuit. The safety appatatus comprises the optical switch and a hazard evasive apparatus activating unit which activates a hazard evasive apparatus using the optical switch.

Abstract: An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer having a high isolation characteristic, a small polarization dependency and capable of being reduced in size is disclosed. An end portion of a core and an end portion of a core are arranged in opposed relation to each other with a thin-film filter interposed therebetween. The end portion of the core far from the filter and the end portion of the core far from the filter are arranged in substantially parallel to each other. The core is arranged in such a manner as to branch from the filter-side end portion of the core and to be optically coupled with the core. The end portion of the core near to the filter and the end portion of the core near to the filter are curved. The end portion of the core near to the filter is curved in a manner protruded toward the core. The end portion of each of the core and the core far from the filter reaches an end of an optical waveguide, and the end portion of the core far from the filter reaches a side of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A thermally actuated spectroscopic optical switch including reflective surfaces which are selectively moved into a position intersecting a beam of light by applying electrical or heat energy to a selected composite cantilever beam on which the reflective surface is mounted.