Abstract: A backlight module includes a laser light source, a light guiding board located at a side of the laser light source, a first lens and a second lens both located at a light path of light beams emitted from the laser light source. The laser light source includes one laser diode or a plurality of laser diodes. The light guiding board includes a light incident face and a light emerging face. The first lens firstly converges and then diverges the light beams emitted from the laser light source. The second lens changes the light beams passed through the first lens to be parallel light beams. The parallel light beams have a larger width than that of the light beams just emitted from the laser light source. The parallel light beams enter the light guiding board via the light incident face of the light guiding board.

Abstract: An optical device and a method of manufacturing an optical device. The optical device includes: a conversion means for converting propagation light propagating through an optical waveguide into parallel light and for outputting the parallel light; and a first lens means for focusing the parallel light outputted from the conversion means on a core of an optical fiber. The method includes: converting propagation light propagating through an optical waveguide into parallel light; outputting the parallel light; and focusing, using a first lens, the parallel light on a core of an optical fiber.

Abstract: A microlens array, which maintains high positional accuracy with respect to an optical circuit such as a waveguide and facilitates connection operation, and an optical transmission component including the microlens array. Solution The microlens array is provided with a plurality of microlenses arranged in an array structure and having the same length in the optical axis direction and optical fibers for alignment arranged at both ends of the array structure so that the optical axis is parallel to the optical axis of the microlens and having a length in the optical axis direction the same as the length of the microlens and a guided mode diameter smaller than an aperture of the microlens.

Abstract: A light guide apparatus includes a light guide layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a transversely oriented side-end surface that forms an output aperture of the light guide, characterized by an index of refraction, n1, and further characterized by a length dimension in an intended light propagation direction towards the output aperture, where the intended light propagation direction is a z-axis direction of a Cartesian coordinate system; and a plurality of light injection elements disposed in the form of at least one linear strip in at least one of the top and bottom surfaces of the light guide layer, wherein some of the plurality of light injection elements are disposed on one lateral side of the strip and some other of the plurality of light injection elements are disposed on an opposing lateral side of the strip at a rotation angle ?z about the y-axis.

Abstract: Monolithic beam-shaping optical systems and methods are disclosed for an optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe that includes a transparent cylindrical housing having asymmetric optical power. The system includes a transparent monolithic body having a folded optical axis and at least one alignment feature that supports the end of an optical fiber adjacent an angled planar end wall. The monolithic body also includes a total-internal reflection surface and a lens surface that define object and image planes. Light from the optical fiber end traverses the optical path, which includes the cylindrical housing residing between the lens surface and the image plane. Either the lens surface by itself or the lens surface and the reflective (eg, TIR) surface in combination are configured to substantially correct for the asymmetric optical power of the cylindrical housing, thereby forming a substantially rotationally symmetric image spot at the image plane.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a substrate, a photoelectric element, a driver chip, a light waveguide unit, and a lens element. The substrate defines a receiving groove and a number of positioning holes around the receiving groove. The photoelectric element and the driver are electrically positioned on the substrate. The photoelectric element is configured for emitting/receiving optical signals, and the driver chip is configured for driving the photoelectric element to emit/receive optical signals. The light waveguide unit is configured for transmitting optical signals. The lens element includes a number of positioning portions corresponding to the positioning holes. The lens element is received in the receiving groove, and the positioning portions are received in the positioning holes.

Abstract: A method including the steps of providing a light-diffusing optical fiber (12a) having a glass core (20), a cladding (40) surrounding the core (20), and a plurality of nano-sized structures in the form of voids (32) situated within said core (20) or at a core-cladding boundary; cleaving the light-diffusing fiber (12a), thereby forming a cleaved end face (66); and applying energy to one or more of 1) the cleaved end face (66) and 2) the light-diffusing fiber (12b) along a portion of the length thereof adjacent the cleaved end face (66), the amount of energy being sufficient to collapse and seal the voids (32) exposed at the cleaved end face (66), leaving a sealed cleaved end face (68). A lens may then be attached to the sealed cleaved end face (68), or the sealed cleaved end face (68) may be softened sufficiently to induce formation of a lensing surface such as a convex lensing surface (60) on the sealed end face (68).

Abstract: An optical fiber for generating a Bessel beam and an optical imaging device using the same are disclosed. The optical fiber for generating a Bessel beam includes a single mode optical fiber (SMF) unit, a multi-mode optical fiber unit, and a lens unit. The SMF unit includes a core and a cladding surrounding the core. The multi-mode optical fiber unit comes in contact with a first end of the SMF unit. The lens unit comes in contact with one end of the multi-mode optical fiber unit that faces the first end of the SMF unit.

Abstract: A method including the steps of providing a light-diffusing optical fiber (12a) having a glass core (20), a cladding (40) surrounding the core (20), and a plurality of nano-sized structures in the form of voids (32) situated within said core (20) or at a core-cladding boundary; cleaving the light-diffusing fiber (12a), thereby forming a cleaved end face (66); and applying energy to one or more of 1) the cleaved end face (66) and 2) the light-diffusing fiber (12b) along a portion of the length thereof adjacent the cleaved end face (66), the amount of energy being sufficient to collapse and seal the voids (32) exposed at the cleaved end face (66), leaving a sealed cleaved end face (68). A lens may then be attached to the sealed cleaved end face (68), or the sealed cleaved end face (68) may be softened sufficiently to induce formation of a lensing surface such as a convex lensing surface (60) on the sealed end face (68).

Abstract: A photoelectric coupling module includes a photoelectric board, a photoelectric lens module, and a jumper. The photoelectric board is configured for converting light rays into electrical signals or converting the electrical signals into the light rays. The photoelectric lens module is positioned on the photoelectric board and configured for reflecting the light rays. The jumper includes a fiber connector and two fasteners extending from one side of the fiber connector. The photoelectric lens module is locked between the fasteners and the fiber connector. The photoelectric lens module reflects the light rays emitting from the photoelectric board to the fiber connector or reflects the light rays emitting from the fiber connector to the photoelectric board.

Abstract: An optical connector includes: a holding member that holds an optical transmission line; a lens member that has a lens; a concavo-convex structure provided between the holding member and the lens member; and a moving member that moves the concavo-convex structure between a first state where a protrusion and a recess of the concavo-convex structure are engaged with each other and a second state where a gap is formed between the protrusion and the recess.

Abstract: An image sensor package and image sensor chip capable of being slenderized while enhancing the reliability with respect to physical impact are provided. The image sensor package includes an image sensor chip provided with a pixel domain at a central portion of an upper surface thereof, a substrate disposed at an upper side of the image sensor chip so as to be flip-chip bonded with respect to the image sensor chip, provided with a hole formed at a position corresponding to the pixel domain, and formed of organic material, a printed circuit board at which the substrate provided with the image sensor chip bonded thereto is mounted, and a solder ball configured to electrically connect the substrate to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: An optical coupling lens includes a main body and two plugs. The main body includes a front surface, a back surface opposite to the front surface, a first optical surface, a second optical surface perpendicular to the first optical surface, a reflecting surface obliquely facing the two optical surfaces, first converging lenses formed on the first optical surface, and second converging lenses formed on the second optical surface. The plugs extend from the front surface and sandwich the first converging portions. Each plug includes a cylindrical body portion having a flat end surface, a bowl-shaped protruding portion extending from the end surface and having a top surface away from the end surface, and a buffering portion formed in the top surface. The diameter of the protruding portion decreases from the end surface to the top surface.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a first fiber, a second fiber, a light-emitting unit, a light-receiving unit, and a lens unit. The lens unit includes a first portion and a second portion connecting with the first portion. The first portion includes a first entrance surface, a first exit surface, and a first reflecting surface. The first entrance surface is perpendicular to the first exit surface. The first optical fiber faces the first entrance surface and the light-receiving unit faces the first exit surface. The second portion includes a second entrance surface, a second exit surface, and a second reflecting surface. The second entrance surface is perpendicular to the second exit surface. The first entrance surface and the second exit surface are coplanar.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light emitting element emitting light signal, a light coupling lens and a light receiving element. The light coupling lens includes a light input surface, a light output surface adjacent to the light input surface and a plurality of total reflective surfaces connected to the light input surface and the light output surface. The light input surface includes a first aspheric protrusion facing the light emitting element. The light output surface includes a second aspheric protrusion. Light signal emitted from the light emitting element enters the light coupling lens and collimated by the first aspheric protrusion to be parallel light signal. The parallel light signal is reflected by the total reflective surface and then collimated by the second aspheric protrusion to be convergent light signal. The light receiving element receives the convergent light signal.

Abstract: A photoelectric coupling module includes a fiber module, a lens module, and at least one positioning pole. The fiber module defines a plurality of receiving holes and at least one first positioning hole. The lens module includes a central portion and an edge portion surrounding the central portion. The central portion includes a plurality of lenses, and the lenses are respectively aligned with the receiving holes. The edge portion defines at least one second positioning hole. The at least one positioning pole is made of metal, and penetrates the at least one second positioning hole and the at least one first positioning hole.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes a substrate, a waveguide lens, a Y-shaped waveguide, and electrodes. The waveguide lens and the Y-shaped waveguide are formed in the substrate. The Y-shaped waveguide connects the waveguide lens and includes a first section dedicated for transmitting TE mode and a second section dedicated for transmitting TM mode. The electrodes are configured to modulate outputs of the waveguide lens, the first section, and the second section.

Abstract: An optical module is disclosed, in which the optical module installs a plurality of optical devices each optically coupling with a single fiber in the focused beam coupling system. The optical module includes a condenser lens, and respective optical devices install an individual lens. One of the beam waists of the condenser lens locates on the end of the optical fiber and the other of the beam waist locates on the outer wall of the coupling unit to which the optical devices are attached. One of the beam waists of the individual lens in the optical device substantially aligns with the other beam waist of the condenser lens, while, the other of the beam waist of the individual lens aligns at the semiconductor optical device.

Abstract: A low-cost optical module with highly consistent properties. The optical module includes, in a housing, an optical waveguide array, an optical functional element array, lens optics using one or a plurality of lenses for optically coupling the optical waveguide array and the optical functional element array, and a mirror disposed so as to convert the propagation direction of optical beams transmitted by the lens optics such that the optical beams are incident on the optical incidence ports of the optical functional element array. The optical functional element array is affixed to the housing, and the angle of the mirror is fixed in place after the angle of the mirror is adjusted such that the optical waveguide array and the optical functional element array are optically coupled.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a three dimensional photonic device by two photon absorption polymerization. The method includes several stages, including direct laser writing involving polymerization by two-photon absorption to manufacture a three dimensional photonic device integrating at least two distinct micro-optical components having two optical functions and being aligned with each other so that optical signal can be transmitted from one of said distinct components to the other. The distinct components are built at a same stage of the process flow to improve their relative alignment by direct laser writing involving polymerization by two-photon absorption.

Abstract: An optical lens connector includes alignment features for passive connection alignment. The alignment features have generally planar surfaces to interface with a mating connector. The alignment features passively align an optical fiber with an optical lens in the optical lens connector, by fitting adjacent to planar surfaces of the mating connector. When interfaced together, the alignment features restrict lateral and vertical motion of the connectors with respect to each other, which helps keep the optical lens aligned with the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical transmission module includes: an optical device having a light emitting section that outputs light of an optical signal; an optical fiber that transmits the optical signal; a holding member in which a distal end portion of the optical fiber is inserted into a through hole having an inner diameter equivalent to an outer diameter of the optical fiber, and that is disposed on the optical device; and a lens section that is disposed in an opening on the optical device side of the through hole of the holding member, and that concentrates the light.

Abstract: A user input device, including a user input area, light emitters arranged along a first edge of the input area so as to be evenly spaced, light receivers arranged along a second edge of the input area, a curved lens arranged in front of the emitters, such that light emitted by each of the emitters is refracted as it enters the curved lens, and is again refracted as it exits the curved lens, resulting in unevenly spaced collimated light exiting the curved lens and crossing the input area, the collimated light being shifted laterally by a non-zero offset along a direction parallel to the first edge, the offset being a characteristic of the arrangement of that emitter vis-à-vis the curved lens, and a calculating unit for determining location of an object inserted into the input area from outputs of the receivers, based on the characteristic offsets of the emitters.

Abstract: An optical device includes: an optical element with a surface including one of a light-receiving portion and a light-emitting portion; a resin layer provided over the one of light-receiving portion and the light-emitting portion; and a resin lens provided over the resin layer, wherein the resin layer includes a first shape larger than a second shape of the resin lens in a direction parallel to the surface.

Abstract: A MEMS based alignment technology based on mounting an optical component on a released micromechanical lever configuration that uses multiple flexures rather than a single spring. The optical component may be a lens. The use of multiple flexures may reduce coupling between lens rotation and lens translation, and reduce effects of lever handle warping on lens position. The device can be optimized for various geometries.

Abstract: A light source module of an optical apparatus is disclosed. The light source module includes a laser pump unit, a lens unit, and a fiber unit. The laser pump unit generates a laser source. The lens unit converts the laser source into a condensed beam. The fiber unit receives the condensed beam and emits an optical signal. The light source module can achieve effects of low cost, large bandwidth, high resolution, and high stability with well-designed pump power of the laser pump unit, and length, doping material, and core size of the fiber unit.

Abstract: An integrated optical lens module (100) adapted for coupling an optical medium (200) and an optical-electrical module includes a body, a reflective mirror (10) for changing a transmitting direction of an optical beam, a lens (20) disposed at a bottom of the body, and a mounting hole (30) for receiving an optical medium. There is no lens disposed between the mounting hole and the reflective mirror.

Abstract: An optical fiber combiner 1 has: a plurality of input optical fibers 20; a plurality of divergence angle reducing members 50 which lights emitted from the respective input optical fibers 20 enter and which emits the lights from the input optical fibers 20 at divergence angles made lower than divergence angles upon entrance; a bridge fiber 30 which the lights emitted from the respective divergence angle reducing members 50 enter and which has a tapered portion 34 which has a portion in which the lights propagate and a diameter of which is gradually reduced apart from a divergence angle reducing member 50 side; and an output optical fiber 40 which a light emitted from a side of the bridge fiber 30 opposite to the divergence angle reducing member 50 side enters.

Abstract: A photoelectric converter for optical signals includes a laser diode for emitting the optical signals, an optical transmission module for transmitting the optical signals, and a photo diode for converting the optical signals to electrical signals. The optical transmission module includes lenses oriented at ninety degrees from each other, with total internal reflection between the lenses, and optical fibers coupled with the lenses. The photoelectric converter has a high coupling precision between the lenses and the optical fibers, and the loss of optical signals is minimized.

Abstract: Conventionally, there has been a problem that a structure in which optical signals outputting from a substrate facet in a PLC are optically coupled to a different bulk type optical device is so complicated that its assembly is laborious. There also has been a problem that a structure in which an output facet of a PLC is polished with an angle results in an increase in coupling loss in free space optics. With a lens bonded to an angled facet of a PLC, an optical circuit of the present invention achieves an optical coupling, with low loss, to a bulk-type optical device or another PLC with a simple structure. Moreover, a lens part and an optical fiber part are respectively bonded to different core apertures exposed on a single angled facet. Thereby, optical signals can be inputted to and outputted from the PLC through the single facet.

Abstract: An optical connector includes a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber. A first planar lens is positioned to operate on light exiting the first optical fiber to create a predetermined change in a wave front of the light. A second planar lens is positioned to accept the light from the first planar lens, the second planar lens focusing the light onto the second optical fiber. The first planar lens and second planar lens each include a regularly spaced array of posts with periodically varying diameters.

Abstract: A lens unit includes first and second portions. The first and second portions share a common bottom surface and a common first side surface perpendicular to the bottom surface. The first portion includes a first reflecting surface. An included angle between the first reflecting surface and the bottom surface is 45 degrees, and an included angle between the first reflecting surface and the first side surface is 45 degrees. The second portion comprises a second side surface parallel to the first side surface, a second reflecting surface, a third reflecting surface, and a fourth reflecting surface. The fourth reflecting surface is parallel to the third reflecting surface. An included angle between the second reflecting surface and the first side surface is 45 degrees. An included angle between the third reflecting surface and the second side surface is 45 degrees.

Abstract: An optical coupling lens includes a first reference portion, a second reference portion and a main portion sandwiched between the first reference portion and the second reference portion. The main portion includes a first surface having at least one first converging lens, a second surface having at least one second converging lenses, and a reflecting surface. The second surface is substantially perpendicular to the first surface forming intersection line. An angle between the reflecting surface and the first surface is about 45 degrees. Each reference portion includes a reference member. The reference member includes a reference point. A connecting line of the reference points of the reference portions is substantially parallel to the intersection line.

Abstract: A system for capturing solar light of the sun, whereby the solar light comprises a short wavelength light component and a long wavelength light component. The system comprises at least a lens (101), a light-guide (102), and a self-adaptive coupling feature (103). The at least one lens is arranged adjacent to the light-guide in order to focus the long wavelength component onto the self-adaptive coupling feature, and the self-adaptive coupling feature is configured to couple the short wavelength light component into the light-guide.

Abstract: A light emitting device package including light emitting devices, and optical lenses respectively disposed over the light emitting devices. Further, a respective optical lens includes an extending member extending from a body of the respective optical lens, and including a first portion laterally extending in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the respective light emitting device, and a second portion extending towards the substrate in a second direction substantially parallel with the central axis of the respective light emitting device. A vertical cross section of the second portion is substantially symmetrical with respect to an axis that is spaced apart in the first direction from and substantially parallel with the central axis of the respective light emitting device.

Abstract: An optical coupling lens includes a body, first converging portions, second converging portions, third converging portions, and fourth converging portions. The body includes a first optical surface, a second optical surface perpendicular to the first optical surface, and a reflecting surface oblique relative to the first optical surface and the second optical surface. The first and second converging portions are formed on the first optical surface and face the reflecting surface. The third and fourth converging portions are formed on the second optical surface and face the reflecting surface. The third converging portions correspond to the first converging portions, and the fourth converging portions correspond to the second converging portions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention utilize optical structures created by processes in the wafer fabrication foundry to form optical isolators and circulators. Grating coupling structures are utilized to couple light having a chosen polarization component into free space through non-reciprocal rotation material; said light is captured by another set of grating coupling structures after experiencing a 45 degree rotation of the polarization. By non-reciprocally rotating the polarization, the input and output ports of the optical isolator will be different depending on the direction of the light propagation. The amount of non-reciprocal rotation material utilized by embodiments of the invention may be small, and the grating coupling structures may be efficiently made to couple to each other as their field profiles may be matched and their position may be precisely defined by lithographic means.

Abstract: An optical coupling component includes a main body, first and second converging lenses, and positioning rods. The main body includes a first optical surface and a second optical surface substantially parallel to the first optical surface, and defines positioning holes adjacent to the second optical surface. The first converging lenses are formed on the first optical surface. The second converging lenses are formed on the second optical surface and correspond to the first converging lenses one-to-one. The positioning rods are made of metal and are received in the positioning holes by interference fit. The positioning rods include connecting ends extending out of the positioning holes.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a first fiber, a second fiber, a light-emitting unit, a light receiving unit, and a lens unit. The first fiber and the second fiber are located at two opposite sides of the lens unit. The lens unit includes a first entrance surface, a first exit surface, a first reflecting surface, a second entrance surface, a second exit surface, and a second reflecting surface. The first entrance surface is perpendicular to the first exit surface. An included angle between the first entrance surface and the first reflecting surface is 45 degrees. The second entrance surface is perpendicular to the second exit surface. An included angle between the second entrance surface and the second reflecting surface is 45 degrees. The first reflecting surface is perpendicular to the second reflecting surface. The first entrance surface and the second exit surface are coplanar.

Abstract: Laser apparatus includes a laser the output of which is formed into a collimated beam then focused into a transport fiber at a particular effective numerical aperture. A parallel plate is located in the collimated beam and can be variably inclined with respect to the collimated beam for varying the effective numerical aperture of the radiation focused into the fiber. In one embodiment, a second parallel plate is located in the focused beam, and can be variably inclined with respect to the focused beam for aligning the focused beam with the optical fiber.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing end microlenses of individual optical fibers which are part of a bundle or a multi-core fiber, including depositing a drop of a photopolymerizable solution on a first end of the bundle; adapting the size of the drop; applying light centered on a predetermined wavelength onto a second end of the bundle in order to selectively polymerize the drop; rinsing the first end using a methanol solution in order to obtain a network of individual optical fibers, each one of which is provided with a microlens at the first end of the multi-core fiber, the microlenses being physically separated from one another. The disclosure additionally relates to a bundle of microlensed fibers obtained by the method, as well as to the use of such a bundle, for example in medical or multiplexed imaging and/or in the coupling of optical fibers.

Abstract: An optical coupling element includes a main body, first and second converging lenses. The main body includes a first optical surface, a second optical surface perpendicular to the first optical surface, and a reflective surface tilted relative to the first and second optical surfaces. The main body defines positioning holes adjacent to the first optical surface, and avoiding grooves in sidewalls of the positioning holes and communicated with the positioning holes. The first converging lens is formed on the first optical surface. The second converging lens is formed on the second optical surface and corresponding to the first converging lens one by one. The first converging lens, the reflective surface, and the second converging lens cooperatively form an optical path.

Abstract: A method including the steps of providing a light-diffusing optical fiber (12a) having a glass core (20), a cladding (40) surrounding the core (20), and a plurality of nano-sized structures in the form of voids (32) situated within said core (20) or at a core-cladding boundary; cleaving the light-diffusing fiber (12a), thereby forming a cleaved end face (66); and applying energy to one or more of 1) the cleaved end face (66) and 2) the light-diffusing fiber (12b) along a portion of the length thereof adjacent the cleaved end face (66), the amount of energy being sufficient to collapse and seal the voids (32) exposed at the cleaved end face (66), leaving a sealed cleaved end face (68). A lens may then be attached to the sealed cleaved end face (68), or the sealed cleaved end face (68) may be softened sufficiently to induce formation of a lensing surface such as a convex lensing surface (60) on the sealed end face (68).

Abstract: Holey fibers provide optical propagation. In various embodiments, a large core holey fiber comprises a cladding region formed by large holes arranged in few layers. The number of layers or rows of holes about the large core can be used to coarse tune the leakage losses of the fundamental and higher modes of a signal, thereby allowing the non-fundamental modes to be substantially eliminated by leakage over a given length of fiber. Fine tuning of leakage losses can be performed by adjusting the hole dimension and/or spacing to yield a desired operation with a desired leakage loss of the fundamental mode. Resulting holey fibers have a large hole dimension and spacing, and thus a large core, when compared to traditional fibers and conventional fibers that propagate a single mode. Other loss mechanisms, such as bend loss and modal spacing can be utilized for selected modes of operation of holey fibers.

Abstract: A light guide plate includes a light incident face, a bottom face adjacent to the light incident face and a light exit face opposite to the bottom face. The micro lenses are formed on the light incident face in series to diffuse light incident thereon. Two adjacent micro lenses cooperatively define a V-shaped groove therebetween. Each groove defines an opening. The width of the openings of the grooves gradually changes from a center of the light incident face toward lateral sides thereof. A backlight module incorporating the light guide plate is also provided.

Abstract: An optical coupler connector and a photoelectric convertor use an optical coupler to coupler light beams emitted from the light emitters to optical fibers or to couple light beams coming from optical fibers to light receivers. The optical coupler includes a main body and an insertion member that can be releasably connected with the main body, and the optical coupler can use various optical paths.

Abstract: Optical probe having, independently, an irradiation light guide path for irradiation light and a received light guide path for acquiring radiated light. A first optical fiber configures the irradiation light guide path, and a second optical fiber configures the received light guide path. A condensing lens receives on one surface irradiation light from the first optical fiber and emits same on the other surface, and receives radiated light radiated from the other surface and concentrates same on the side of the first and second optical fibers. The central axis of the exit end of the first optical fiber is deviated relative to the optical axis of the condensing lens, moving reflected light at the condensing lens surface away from, and moving radiated light concentrated by the condensing lens closer to, the center of the light-receiving end of the second optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical coupling lens includes a body portion, two locating posts, and two converging portions. The body portion includes a first surface, a second surface perpendicular to the first surface, and a reflecting surface obliquely interconnected between the first surface and the second surface. The first surface defines two light-passing recesses. The locating posts perpendicularly extend from the first surface. The converging portions are formed on the second surface and correspond to the light-passing recesses. The reflecting surface is configured for reflecting parallel light beams from one light-passing recess toward a corresponding converging portion, and for reflecting parallel light beams from one converging portion toward a corresponding light-passing recess.

Abstract: An optical receiving device includes multiple input ports to which light is input; multiple amplifiers that are arrayed and provided corresponding to the input ports, respectively, each of the amplifiers amplifying and outputting light input from a corresponding input port among of the input ports; a photo diode that converts light into an electrical signal; and a lens that inputs to the photo diode light output from the amplifiers.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for transmitting at least one electro-magnetic radiation is provided. In particular, at least one optical fiber having at least one end extending along a first axis may be provided. Further, a light transmissive optical arrangement may be provided in optical cooperation with the optical fiber. The optical arrangement may have a first surface having a portion that is perpendicular to a second axis, and a second surface which includes a curved portion. The first axis can be provided at a particular angle that is more than 0° and less than 90° with respect to the second axis.