Abstract: This invention provides a means of achieving the close control of iodine flow rate, temperature of the resulting combined gaseous mixture of iodine in diluent gas, as well as the rapid start and stop response time needed for full-scale laser operation. It comprises an iodine charge stored as a solid and is heated to converted the iodine to a liquid, a means to heat the iodine under pressure to extend the liquid temperature range of iodine, an atomizer for complete vaporization of the iodine, a helium iodine mixer to provide heat for iodine vaporization purporting iodine to helium proportion mass ratio and provides for complete mixing and a flow control system which controls the low iodine flow rates accurately.

Abstract: A liquid vaporizer includes a stack of coaxially aligned, thermally conductive, thin, flat disks having different diameters. The larger diameter disks each include at least one aperture and preferably a plurality of closely spaced apertures radially located a predetermined distance from the center of the disk. The vaporizer further includes means for establishing a liquid film on at least a portion of the surfaces of the larger diameter disks and for accelerating the vaporization of the liquid thereon by passing a gas through the apertures of the larger diameter disks over the liquid film on the portion of the surfaces of the larger diameter disks.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for delivering an involatile reagent in gaseous form, wherein an involatile reagent source liquid is flash vaporized on a vaporization matrix structure at elevated temperature. A carrier gas may be flowed past the flash vaporzation matrix structure to yield a carrier gas mixture containing the flash vaporized source reagent. The matrix structure preferably has a high surface-to-volume ratio, and may sutiably comprise a foraminous matrix element such as screen mesh onto which the reagent source liquid is distributed for flash vaporization. The invention is particularly useful for delivery of Group II reagents and compounds and complexes of early transition metals such as zirconium and hafnium, and may be usefully employed with Group II beta-diketonate source layers, e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating dry vapor includes a manifold assembly with a channel for conveying a liquid from a liquid source. A vessel for holding the liquid is secured to the manifold assembly and includes a fill tube connected to receive liquid from the manifold assembly's channel. A heater is provided for heating the liquid in the vessel to generate a vapor. A settling chamber is located within the vessel above the liquid in the vessel from settling out liquid drops in the vapor. The settling chamber includes a vapor inlet with a cross-section that is substantially smaller than the vessel's cross-section for receiving vapor. A vapor outlet removes dry vapor from the settling chamber.

Abstract: A superheated vapor generator and control system includes a vapor generator having an interior vapor generating chamber with peripheral surfaces having a plurality of ridges and grooves, preferably of substantially randomly varying heights and depths and preferably having a plurality of grooves and ridges intersecting the first-mentioned grooves and ridges, the second-mentioned ridges and grooves preferably varying substantially randomly in height and depth. A hand-held control member includes parts for controlling generation of superheated vapor and for directing such vapor to desired objects. A method for fabricating a superheated vapor generator includes machining inner portions of sections of heat conductive material to form grooves and ridges and then welding the parts together to form a closed interior vapor generation chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for vaporizing a liquid raw material comprises a nozzle with an open tip end for ejecting a liquid raw material into a heated gas atmosphere as liquid droplets and a heated plate with a small opening disposed in front of the nozzle, a space opposite to that occupied by the nozzle with respect to the plate being evacuated.

Abstract: An improved vaporization system includes an automated valve and positive displacement pumping system using a pair of pumps operating in opposition to one another to provide continuous and constant volumetric flow at a constant predetermined pressure to an improved vaporizer using a stack of heated disks to flash vaporize the liquid. The valves are improved by providing one way flow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling refrigerant gas pressure in a low pressure refrigeration system including a warm surface within a container. Liquid refrigerant is removed from the refrigeration system evaporator and sprayed on the warm surface, thereby vaporizing. The resulting pressure differential between the container and the evaporator causes the vaporized refrigerant to be returned to the evaporator through an open return line. The warm, surface is downwardly concave so that non-volatile liquid which had been mixed with the refrigerant can be collected from the bottom of the surface and transported to a location remote from the evaporator, thereby separating contaminants from refrigerant.

Abstract: A method for forming an in-line heater for heating water supplied to a hot water carpet cleaning extractor includes the formation of a spiral flange upon the exterior surface of an elongated cylindrical body having a bore therein to define a heat exchanger. The flanged heat exchanger is inserted into a cylindrical housing having an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the spirally flanged heat exchanger by heating the housing to increase the inner diameter thereof sufficiently to allow the spirally flanged heat exchanger to be be received therein. Upon cooling, the housing shrinks into watertight engagement with the spiral flange to define a spiral water floe conduit between the ends of the in-line heater. The first and second ends of the heat exchanger are then welded to the housing. Quick disconnect fittings are threaded into the in-line heater to establish communication with the end of the spiral water conduit.

Abstract: A load-following vaporizer converts an inlet liquid reactant stream to an outlet vapor reactant stream. The vaporizer comprises a containment shell, a nozzle and a fin block. The fin block has a base in thermal contact a heat source, preferably a thermal fluid stream. The base has a plurality of evaporative heat transfer structures that are spaced from and generally radiate from the nozzle outlet. Each of the evaporative heat transfer structures has two principal surfaces oriented such that the extension of each of the surfaces intersects the nozzle outlet. Upon contacting the evaporative heat transfer structures, the atomized liquid reactant dispersion is vaporized to produce a vaporized reactant stream. The vaporizer rapidly responds to changes in the inlet liquid reactant flow rate to produce a corresponding change in the output vapor flow rate by minimizes the liquid inventory within the heated environment.

Abstract: A heated evaporator housing is provided at its inlet with an ultrasonic atomizer for reducing monomer to small droplets and a permeable porous body completely occupying a cross section of the housing between the inlet and the outlet. A vacuum pump and a reaction chamber for coating substrates are provided downstream of the outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controllably generating smoke from a simulating smoke-generating fluid. A container holds a supply of simulating smoke-generating fluid. A generally vertically-disposed, hollow, elongated, tubular member having inside walls surmounts the container with a lowermost opening thereof in fluid communication with the container and an uppermost opening thereof capable of being placed in fluid communication with an area into which the smoke is to be introduced. Preferably, gas is moved into the tubular member at a portion thereof near the lowermost end and in a direction generally tangential to a radius of the inside walls such that the gas flows upwardly in a generally spiral-like manner.

Abstract: A recirculation/drying unit is provided for connection to a sealable enclosure. The unit and the enclosure form a closed circuit through which the gaseous medium of the enclosure is circulated, filtered, dehumidified or optionally, humidified, and returned to the enclosure. A vapor decontaminant is carried into and through the enclosure by the gaseous medium for a predetermined period of time sufficient to sterilize, disinfect or sanitize the gaseous medium, the enclosure and its contents. The decontaminant is returned to the unit for conversion into a form suitable for release into the atmosphere. The unit preferably includes filters, an air pump, a drier, a reservoir of liquid decontaminant, a reservoir of water, an injection pump, at least one vaporizer and at least one converter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controllably generating simulated smoke from a simulated smoke-generating fluid which has a vaporizing chamber with an inlet, an outlet, and walls extending therebetween so as to substantially enclose the chamber and define a chamber cross section which is substantially the same as an annular space between the walls. The chamber has a center line between an inlet wall and an outlet wall such that the center line is declined from the horizontal from the inlet wall to the outlet wall. A lower surface in the chamber is substantially co-extensive with a major portion of inside surfaces of lowermost portions of the walls and terminates at one end thereof near the inlet in a surface terminus of defined width. Smoke fluid is distributed along the terminus so that the smoke fluid is flowable by gravity downwardly across the surface as a thin film.

Abstract: Electric iron having a cast sole (1A) closed by a cover (2) and in which are provided two chambers (6, 7) separated from each other by a partition (8), namely, a principal vaporization chamber (6) fed with water by an injection device through an opening (9) provided in the cover (2), the water being vaporized by a sheathed resistance (10) embedded in the sole (1A), and a steam distribution chamber (7) communicating on the one hand with the principal vaporization chamber (6) by a passage (11) provided in the partition (8), and on the other hand with the exterior through outlet orifices (12) provided in the sole (1A). The sole (1A) also comprises an intermediate vaporization chamber (15) disposed between the principal vaporization chamber (6) and the distribution chamber (7) and extending adjacent the injection opening (9) of the water.

Abstract: A disinfectant vaporizing apparatus for dropwise flowing a disinfectant liquid on a heating unit so as to provide a uniform disinfection gas on a surface of a material to be sterilized, characterized in that at least one supply port for supplying heated carrier gas at a high temperature is provided in a vaporization chamber for the disinfectant liquid. A vaporization part is provided with a plurality of cavities on an upper surface thereof and at least one dropping nozzle is provided above each cavity, wherein the disinfection gas carried by the heated carrier gas is applied on a surface of a material to be sterilized through a droplet splash removing apparatus. The droplet splash removing apparatus has a series of vertically, spaced-apart shield plates with staggered holes therein through which the vaporized disinfectant and carrier gas pass and entrained droplets of disinfectant liquid are removed.

Abstract: A microprocessor controlled food treatment/holding apparatus has a cabinet which defines a storage space for food to be treated at a predetermined temperature and relative humidity within said storage space, a heater with a surface that can be heated to a temperature which is sufficient to boil water for a predetermined length of time, and a controlled solenoid for delivering a plurality of preselected amounts of water against the heater surface according to the length of time a cabinet door is opened. Detailed operating parameters for the storage space of the temperature and relative humidity conditions are maintained in suitable memory and polled by the microprocessor during operation of the apparatus as real-time data from remote sensors are sent to the microprocessor, which controls the monitoring system of the apparatus.

Abstract: A steam generator for a wallpaper stripper includes a member of heat conductive metal in which is cast an electrical heating element of generally W-shape. Water is supplied to an inlet chamber in the member. Leading from the chamber to spaced steam outlets in the member is a series of extended passageways formed by channels between adjacent limbs of the element and ribs that extend both along and across the channels. The nozzles are located in walls.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling refrigerant gas pressure in a low pressure refrigeration system including a warm surface within a container. Liquid refrigerant is removed from the refrigeration system evaporator and sprayed on the warm surface, thereby vaporizing. The resulting pressure differential between the container and the evaporator causes the vaporized refrigerant to be returned to the evaporator through an open return line. The warm, surface is downwardly concave so that non-volatile liquid which had been mixed with the refrigerant can be collected from the bottom of the surface and transported to a location remote from the evaporator, thereby separating contaminants from refrigerant.