Abstract: A heating apparatus is disclosed. The heating apparatus comprises a PTC heating element, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first protection layer, a second protection layer, a first interlayer, and a second interlayer. A hardness of the first protection layer is greater than that of the first interlayer. A hardness of the second protection layer is greater than that of the second interlayer.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing beverage. The apparatus includes a heat exchanger to heat a fluid. The heat exchanger includes a body including a first end portion and a second end portion, and the second end portion is opposite to the first end portion. The apparatus further includes a heater embedded in the body, a first pipe installed in the body and guiding the fluid in a first direction from the first end portion of the body to the second end portion of the body, and a second pipe installed in the body and guiding the fluid output from the first pipe in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection includes: dividing a voltage between a plurality of circuit nodes using a voltage divider circuit to form a divided voltage; compensating a temperature dependency of the divided voltage to form a temperature compensated divided voltage; monitoring the voltage between the plurality of circuit nodes using a transient detection circuit to form a transient detection signal; and activating a clamp circuit coupled between the plurality of circuit nodes based on the temperature compensated divided voltage and based on the transient detection signal.

Abstract: A heating apparatus is disclosed. The heating apparatus comprises a PTC heating element, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first protection layer, a second protection layer, a first interlayer, and a second interlayer. A hardness of the first protection layer is greater than that of the first interlayer. A hardness of the second protection layer is greater than that of the second interlayer.

Abstract: A heat source comprised of one or more transistors or transistor packages mechanically connected to a heat plate. The heat generation is accomplished by the direct and precisely controlled heat generated by one or more transistors through the precise duty cycle control of a high-frequency Pulse-Width-Modulated (PWM) which is generated based on the sensed temperature and current generated by one or more of the transistor(s).

Abstract: A heating block half-shell and a heating block for a continuous flow heater, each half-shell including a (partial) wall for a heating channel that includes at least one straight section. In the at least one straight section, at least two guide elements are situated in succession on the wall in the axial direction, each being configured for supporting a heating coil in the heating channel in the radial direction. A continuous flow heater that includes a heating block of this type is also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) reservoir is provided. The reservoir includes housing that is combined with a transmission containing ATF and into/out of which the AFT flows. The reservoir also includes a heating body that is combined with the housing and heats the ATF flowing within the housing by generating heat when power is applied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid heating device for an automobile that comprises two independent liquid flow paths (10a, 10b) integrally formed in at least one part (1a) made of a heat-conducting material, each liquid flow path (10a) being capable of enabling a flow of liquid between a connection terminal defining an inlet and a connection terminal defining an outlet (12a, 12b), each of the connection terminals being capable of sealingly receiving a liquid supply duct or tube, and a heating means (14) thermally coupled with said part (1a) and capable of heating said part (1a) so that the liquid flowing through said flow paths can absorb the heat of said part (1a). The invention advantageously enables the very flexible use thereof for one or more systems requiring heated liquid inside a single vehicle.

Abstract: An espresso machine with improved fluid and thermal control is disclosed. The machine can include a controller for feedback pressure control of vibratory solenoid pumps. The controller can monitor pump pressure and/or volume and provide real-time feedback control of the pump pressure and/or volume. The controller can control pump output by means of a direct current, variable frequency square wave, which can be regulated to maintain a desired pressure output. The controller can also control pump output by means of a direct current, variable pulse width square wave. The espresso machine can also include a thermoblock with improved thermal efficiency and temperature control. The thermoblock can comprise a one or more serpentine pathways to improve thermal transfer to the fluid therein. The thermoblock can also provide feedback control of the temperature of the fluid.

Abstract: An exemplary plural component heater assembly includes a plurality of heater modules each having a plurality of bores forming at least a first component path and a second component path, and at least one heating element receptacle configured to receive a heating element for heating the first and second component paths.

Abstract: Provided is a fluid heating device that is small in size and capable of heating a large flow of gas or liquid at a low cost. A flow path in which no backwater is produced is provided by providing grooved flow paths of a fluid are provided over an outer side surface of a metallic circular cylinder such that a fluid passing through a narrowed one of the flow paths impinges perpendicularly against a wall of the next flow path. This allows instantaneous heat exchange within a small space, and makes manufacturing of such a structure simple.

Abstract: A low leakage current fluid heater and systems and methods thereof. The fluid heater has a configuration whereby a heating element is isolated from a fluid channel so as to leak into fluid passing through the channel an allowed amount of leakage current. Fluid passing through the fluid heater can be heated to a desired temperature. A controller can provide control signals to driver the fluid heater to the desired temperature and maintain the temperature at the desired temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for vaporizing a liquid to form vapor preferably in a gas stream. The apparatus includes a composite metal structure, the structure comprising a plurality of passageways for providing heat to vaporize the liquid in the gas stream to form a gas/vapor mixture. A non-corrosive interface lies between the metal structure and the gas/vapor mixture, the interface being chemically inert to the gas/vapor mixture and the structure permitting heat to be conducted rapidly therethrough to vaporize the liquid. The apparatus further includes an inlet for the gas and an inlet for the liquid to be vaporized to flow into the plurality of passageways and an exit through which the gas/vapor mixture exits the apparatus.

Abstract: A water boiling device includes a heat tank unit received in a machine body, a high frequency induction heater, and a heat pipe unit. The heat tank unit includes first and second heating tanks in communication with each other. Outside water can flow into the first and second heating tanks. The high frequency induction heater includes a heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils. The heat pipe unit includes first and second heating pipes. An upper section of each heating pipe is received in one of the heating tanks, and a lower section of each heating pipe extends out of the heating tanks and is inserted into the heat pipe induction coil. The first and second heating tanks will heat up to heat the water in the first and second heating tanks when a high frequency current is passed through the heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils.

Abstract: A liquid heating unit for use in a vehicle surface cleaning and deicing system, the liquid heating unit including a liquid heating assembly, having an inlet through which a washing fluid is received from a reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning at least one vehicle surface, at least one heating element for heating fluid in the liquid heating assembly and a freeze protection element located in the liquid heating assembly, the freeze protection element including a deformable container being deformable in at least two generally perpendicular axial directions.

Abstract: A hybrid heater that includes a structural mass into which passages are provided to create a labyrinth for chemical flow through the structural mass, the passages being sized and disposed to receive a plurality of heater rods such that the chemical is traversed through the passages in direct contact with the heater rods. A coiled spring may be disposed or other spiral arrangement provided in the space between and against the walls of the passages and the heater rod to facilitate flow uniformity around the rods. A temperature sensor may be provided in direct contact with the heating element and may be fitted with a mass sleeve to draw off any excess heat on the sensor during transitions.

Abstract: A fluid temperature control device, which is particularly suitably applied to the temperature control of a processing liquid in a semiconductor device manufacturing process, capable of performing quickly and precisely the temperature control of a temperature-controlled fluid, and the device can also be made as small as possible. This fluid temperature control device includes a body block having flow passage grooves formed therein; heat transfer plates which are disposed on surfaces of the body block to form flow passages where a temperature-controlled fluid flows; heaters which heat the temperature-controlled fluid flowing through the flow passages via at least one of the heat transfer plates; and thermoelectric modules which heat and cool the temperature-controlled fluid flowing through the flow passages via at least one of the heat transfer plates.

Abstract: A device for transferring heat to a fluid with a heat generator comprising an electric resistance inserted in a first pipe integrally connected to a second pipe in which the fluid flows. The second pipe may comprise a steel tube coaxially inserted inside. First and second pipes are obtained inside a single block by means of an extrusion process.

Abstract: A hybrid heater that includes a structural mass into which passages are provided to create a labyrinth for chemical flow through the structural mass, the passages being sized and disposed to receive a plurality of heater rods such that the chemical is traversed through the passages in direct contact with the heater rods. A coiled spring may be disposed or other spiral arrangement provided in the space between and against the walls of the passages and the heater rod to facilitate flow uniformity around the rods. A temperature sensor may be provided in direct contact with the heating element and may be fitted with a mass sleeve to draw off any excess heat on the sensor during transitions.

Abstract: A fully integrated drying or heating system utilizes forced air and electrical heaters. A solid cartridge heater is enclosed within a heater cavity of a block. The block includes a separate air cavity in heat transfer communication with the heater through a solid portion of the block. The blocks are shaped and configured to be used in banks of plural blocks, with the operating controls and all the components of the air distribution system and air heating system fully integrated into a modular package.

Abstract: Devices for heating liquids have been known for a long time. The applications of these devices can also be of very diverse nature. Such heating devices are thus for instance already applied on a large scale as, or applied as component in, water kettles, dishwashers, washing machines, coffee-making machines, shower water heaters and the like. The invention relates to a device for heating liquids. The invention also relates to a base structure for use in such a device. The invention further relates to a method for heating liquids.

Abstract: In a microstructure apparatus for heating and atomizing a fluid with an inner body received in an outer tube, circumferential microstructure passages are formed into the inner surface of the outer tube or the outer surface of the inner body so as to form a flow passage which is provided with an inlet connector and heating means are incorporated into the inner body for heating the fluid conducted through the microstructure flow passages under pressure, the microstructure fluid passages extending spirally around the inner body so as to proved for a relatively long microstructure fluid flow passage which is open at the axial end thereof for discharging the fluid heated pressurized therein through the open axial end.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus comprising: a device body for heating and producing hot water that is capable of connecting to one or more remote control units for remotely operating the device body, the device body having an outer casing; a connection-number counter disposed within the outer casing of the device body for determining the number of remote control units upon powering-up the device body; and a display unit disposed within the outer casing of the device body for indicating the number of the connected remote control units determined by the connection-number counter, wherein a display of the display unit is visible from the exterior through a window formed in the outer casing.

Abstract: A fully integrated drying or heating system for the printing, coating, or painting industries that utilizes forced air and electrical heaters. The method for heating the forced air incorporates a solid cartridge heater within a specially designed air distribution system. The nature of this invention allows the operating controls and all the components of the air distribution system and air heating system to be fully integrated into a singular compact package, thus requiring only a pressurized air source and electrical power means to be supplied to the unit.

Abstract: A fluid heater apparatus supplies heat to wash fluid via a flow path in a thermally conductive body. A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive body for imparting heat to the body. Fluid flowing through the thermally conductive body in a flow path enveloping the heat source to absorb heat from the body. A seal member and a metal plate are fixed to one surface of the thermal body. A high thermally conductive pad is disposed between a printed circuit board carrying a control with heat generating switch elements. The pad conducts heat generated by control switching elements to the plate to reduce the temperature differential between the plate and the thermally conductive body to balance the temperature of the heater apparatus.

Abstract: A fully integrated drying or heating system utilizes forced air and electrical heaters. A solid cartridge heater is enclosed within a compact air plenum with a circuitous air path arranged within the plenum in heat transfer communication with the heater. The plenums are shaped and configured to be used in banks of plural plenums, with the operating controls and all the components of the air distribution system and air heating system fully integrated into a modular package.

Abstract: A fluid heater apparatus supplies heat to wash fluid via a continuous, labyrinthian flow path in a thermally conductive body. A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive body for imparting heat to the body. Fluid flowing through the thermally conductive body substantially envelopes the heat source to absorb heat from the body.

Abstract: Circuit boards (1100, 1400) and methods for fabricating circuit boards that include conduits (1004) are provided. The conduits formed by patterning a metal layer (1102) are lined by inert coating (1106) and caped by a photodefinable polymer layer (1110) that is affixed to the inert coating by with the help of an initially uncured polymer layer (1106). Holes are formed by patterning the photodefinable polymer layer for admitting and removing fluid from the conduit.

Abstract: A fluid heater apparatus supplies heat to wash fluid via a flow path in a thermally conductive body. A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive body for imparting heat to the body. Fluid in a flow path in the thermal body enveloping the heat source absorbs heat from the body. A fluid expansion member is fixed to the mass over the open ends of the fluid flow path in the thermal body. The fluid expansion member is formed of a compressible foam material having shape memory. The fluid expansion member is sealingly joinable by fasteners to the thermal body through bores formed in the peripheral edge of the member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling fluid temperature in a fluid heater apparatus which supplies heat to fluid from a controllable heater element(s) which includes establishing a discharge temperature range between a first high temperature and a second low temperature. The temperature of the fluid is measured and, in response to the measured temperature, activation of the heater elements is controlled to maintain the temperature of the fluid within the temperature range. The heater elements can be independently controllable for temperature control.

Abstract: A fluid heater apparatus has fluid discharge temperature control to prevent temperature overshoot. A plurality of heater elements are employed and at least certain of the heater elements are independently controllable. At least one of the heater elements is employed as a “finishing” heater element, with the other heating elements deactivated to enable the “finishing” heater element to more slowly elevate the temperature of the fluid in the body from a first temperature reached by activation all or most of the heater elements to the predetermined discharge temperature. One of more of the heater elements may have a different power output than the other heater elements.

Abstract: In a system and method for exchanging heat with a fluid, for heating the fluid, the system includes a heat exchanger, for exchanging heat with a fluid so as to heat the fluid, adapted to store heat energy, and to enable heat energy to be exchanged with the fluid to heat the fluid. The heat exchanger enables the fluid to rapidly attain and maintain a stable heated fluid temperature, and a stable fluid dispensing temperature. The system further includes a fluid inlet, for enabling the fluid to flow into the heat exchanger, and a fluid outlet, for enabling the heated fluid to flow out of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has a channel therein, adapted to enable the fluid to flow thereinto and therefrom, and to enable the fluid to be retained therein for efficient and effective heating of the fluid.

Abstract: An assembly for changing the temperature of ultrahigh-pressure fluid as it flows through ultrahigh-pressure tubing includes several thermally conductive blocks. Each block has a first bore through which the ultrahigh-pressure tubing passes, and a second bore containing a source of heating or cooling. Alternatively, resistance heating is used to increase the temperature of the ultrahigh-pressure fluid, by coupling electrodes to the outer surface of the tubing. The ultrahigh-pressure fluid is heated or cooled after it is pressurized, and is then discharged from the ultrahigh-pressure tubing at a selected temperature for use. For example, the ultrahigh-pressure fluid at a selected temperature may be discharged through a nozzle to form an ultrahigh-pressure fluid jet to cut or clean any desired surface or object, or it may be discharged to a pressure vessel to pressure treat a substance.

Abstract: A fluid heater apparatus supplies heat to wash fluid via a flow path in a thermally conductive body. A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive body for imparting heat to the body. Fluid in a flow path in the thermal body enveloping the heat source absorbs heat from the body. A fluid expansion member is fixed to the mass over the open ends of the fluid flow path in the thermal body. The fluid expansion member is formed of a compressible foam material having shape memory. The fluid expansion member is sealingly joinable by fasteners to the thermal body through bores formed in the peripheral edge of the member.

Abstract: A system for warming a fluid includes a fluid warmer having a housing that retains therein a heating element, and cartridge that is retained inside the housing and which receives heat from the heating element. The cartridge has a rigid plate having a first surface and a second opposing surface, with the plate having a meandering path provided therein. The cartridge also has a sheet of film that covers the first and second surfaces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling fluid temperature in a fluid heater apparatus which supplies heat to fluid from a controllable heater element(s) which includes establishing a discharge temperature range between a first high temperature and a second low temperature. The temperature of the fluid is measured and, in response to the measured temperature, activation of the heater elements is controlled to maintain the temperature of the fluid within the temperature range. The heater elements can be independently controllable for temperature control.

Abstract: A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive mass housing for imparting heat to the mass. Fluid in a flow path through the mass absorbs heat from the mass. A fluid expansion member is mounted over open ends of the fluid flow path. The fluid expansion member, in one aspect, is formed of a compressible material to compress under the forces of fluid phase change to a solid state and expands back to a nominal shape when the fluid undergoes a reverse phase change to a liquid state. In another aspect, the fluid expansion member is a solid seal member overlaying the open ends of the fluid flow channels. The seal resists expansion under normal fluid operating pressures, but expands into an open interior chamber in a closure fixed to the mass to accommodate a phase change expansion of the fluid.

Abstract: A fully integrated drying or heating system utilizes forced air and electrical heaters. A solid cartridge heater is enclosed within a compact air plenum with a circuitous air path arranged within the plenum in heat transfer communication with the heater. The plenums are shaped and configured to be used in banks of plural plenums, with the operating controls and all the components of the air distribution system and air heating system fully integrated into a modular package.

Abstract: Circuit boards (1100, 1400) and methods for fabricating circuit boards that include conduits (1004) are provided. The conduits formed by patterning a metal layer (1102) are lined by inert coating (1106) and caped by a photodefinable polymer layer (1110) that is affixed to the inert coating by with the help of an initially uncured polymer layer (1106). Holes are formed by patterning the photodefinable polymer layer for admitting and removing fluid from the conduit.

Abstract: A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive mass housing for imparting heat to the mass. Fluid in a flow path through the mass absorbs heat from the mass. A fluid expansion member is mounted over open ends of the fluid flow path. The fluid expansion member, in one aspect, is formed of a compressible material to compress under the forces of fluid phase change to a solid state and expands back to a nominal shape when the fluid undergoes a reverse phase change to a liquid state. In another aspect, the fluid expansion member is a solid seal member overlaying the open ends of the fluid flow channels. The seal resists expansion under normal fluid operating pressures, but expands into an open interior chamber in a closure fixed to the mass to accommodate a phase change expansion of the fluid.

Abstract: A novel heat exchanger includes a thermal reservoir and a tube, the tube having straight sections and corrugated bends, and being in thermal contact with the thermal reservoir. The thermal reservoir has a first plate and a second plate fixed to the first plate. The first plate has a channel formed therein with straight sections to receive the straight sections of the tube, and curved sections for receiving the corrugated sections of the tube. The second plate has a channel formed therein as well that is complementary to the channel of the first plate. The heat exchanger is heated by one or more cartridge heaters. In a particular embodiment, two thermal reservoirs are fixed to one another and the cartridge heaters are disposed in channels formed therebetween. Optionally the thermal reservoirs can be heated or cooled by thermoelectric chips, and can include one or more heat sinks.

Abstract: A fluid heater apparatus supplies heat to wash fluid via a flow path in a thermally conductive body. A heat source is disposed in the thermally conductive body for imparting heat to the body. Fluid flowing through the thermally conductive body in a flow path enveloping the heat source to absorb heat from the body. A seal member and a metal plate are fixed to one surface of the thermal body. A high thermally conductive pad is disposed between a printed circuit board carrying a control with heat generating switch elements. The pad conducts heat generated by control switching elements to the plate to reduce the temperature differential between the plate and the thermally conductive body to balance the temperature of the heater apparatus.

Abstract: A fully integrated drying or heating system for the printing, coating, or painting industries that utilizes forced air and electrical heaters. The method for heating the forced air incorporates a solid cartridge heater within a specially designed air distribution system. The nature of this invention allows the operating controls and all the components of the air distribution system and air heating system to be fully integrated into a singular compact package, thus requiring only a pressurized air source and electrical power means to be supplied to the unit.

Abstract: A novel heat exchanger includes a thermal reservoir and a tube, the tube having straight sections and corrugated bends, and being in thermal contact with the thermal reservoir. The thermal reservoir has a first plate and a second plate fixed to the first plate. The first plate has a channel formed therein with straight sections to receive the straight sections of the tube, and curved sections for receiving the corrugated sections of the tube. The second plate has a channel formed therein as well that is complementary to the channel of the first plate. The heat exchanger is heated by one or more cartridge heaters. In a particular embodiment, two thermal reservoirs are fixed to one another and the cartridge heaters are disposed in channels formed therebetween. Optionally the thermal reservoirs can be heated or cooled by thermoelectric chips, and can include one or more heat sinks.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods have been developed to deliver automatically a sample to a reaction vessel, an analytical device or any location where sample introduction or deposition is desired. A sample delivery system of the invention generally includes a housing defining a channel, e.g., a capillary, and a volume controller, which is a temperature control device, in thermal communication with the channel. The channel preferably is closed at one end, and contains an opening for introduction of a sample. The closed end of the channel is associated thermally with the temperature control device. The temperature control device heats and cools a thermally expandable fluid in the channel which controls movement of a sample into, within and out of the channel.

Abstract: A method of producing a thin film heating element is provided which can be used in manufacturing a transparent thin film heating element of desired shape with an increased heat emission property and an excellent durability. Also provided is a heating device of the type incorporating the thin film heating element produced by this method. The inventive method comprises the steps of, applying heat- and oil-resistant ink on a predetermined surface area of a base element, allowing the ink to run dry, spraying conductive chemical composition on the base element to form a conductive thin heater film, removing the ink out of the base element, printing a thin film electrode leading to the thin heater film, and baking the base element into a thin film heating element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating system for heating the interior of a motor vehicle, there being a liquid circuit for dissipating engine heat and delivering heat to the vehicle interior, and a valve block for controlling the liquid flow in the liquid circuit. The electrical heating device is integrated in the valve block to heat the liquid flowing through the valve block.

Abstract: A heating system for heating the interior of a motor vehicle including a combustion heater for burning fuel in order to heat air supplied to the vehicle interior and/or liquid in the vehicle in the cooling circuit of the engine. An electrical heating device is integrated into the combustion heater in order to supply heat to the air or liquid to be heated.

Abstract: An assembly for changing the temperature of ultrahigh-pressure fluid as it flows through ultrahigh-pressure tubing includes several thermally conductive blocks. Each block has a first bore through which the ultrahigh-pressure tubing passes, and a second bore containing a source of heating or cooling. Alternatively, resistance heating is used to increase the temperature of the ultrahigh-pressure fluid, by coupling electrodes to the outer surface of the tubing. The ultrahigh-pressure fluid is heated or cooled after it is pressurized, and is then discharged from the ultrahigh-pressure tubing at a selected temperature for use. For example, the ultrahigh-pressure fluid at a selected temperature may be discharged through a nozzle to form an ultrahigh-pressure fluid jet to cut or clean any desired surface or object, or it may be discharged to a pressure vessel to pressure treat a substance.

Abstract: Vaporizer having a pair of heat exchanger blocks each with a vaporization tube formed therein. The heat exchanger blocks are in face-to-face arrangement and the vaporizer tubes are coupled together in series. A plurality of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements are clamped in position between the heat exchanger blocks to provide the heat for vaporization of the liquefied gas. A capacity control valve controls the flow of liquefied gas into the vaporizer tubes.