Abstract: A low leakage current fluid heater and systems and methods thereof. The fluid heater has a configuration whereby a heating element is isolated from a fluid channel so as to leak into fluid passing through the channel an allowed amount of leakage current. Fluid passing through the fluid heater can be heated to a desired temperature. A controller can provide control signals to driver the fluid heater to the desired temperature and maintain the temperature at the desired temperature.

Abstract: A gravity fed peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) machine includes: a frame configured to be set on a supporting surface; at least one load cell; a scale platform supported by the frame via the at least one load cell positioned between the frame and the scale platform; a drain container support in mechanical communication with and extending downwardly from the scale platform, the machine configured such that when the frame is set on the supporting surface, at least one fresh PD fluid supply container is supportable by the scale platform above the at least one load cell and at least one used PD fluid drain container is supportable by the drain container support below the at least one load cell, so that a combined weight of fresh PD fluid and used PD fluid may be sensed by the at least one load cell.

Abstract: A control unit includes a hydraulic fluid system, a lubricant system, at least one sensor cable, an electronics module in communication with the at least one sensor cable, the hydraulic fluid system, and the lubricant system. A housing of the control unit contains the hydraulic fluid system, the lubricant system, the sensor cable(s), and the electronics module.

Abstract: An electrical load resistance includes a housing having at least one U-shaped receiving pocket, in which at least one PTC heating element is accommodated. The PTC heating element includes at least one PTC element and at least one contact plate electrically conductively connected to the PTC element for energizing the PTC element. The contact plate has a terminal lug for plug contacting the PTC element, and the PTC heating element abuts at least on opposite main side surfaces of the receiving pocket in a heat-conducting manner and projects beyond the terminal lug of the receiving pocket. The housing of the electrical load resistance is closed, and thus has no inlet or outlet openings for a medium to be heated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating system for heating a fluid medium, said heating system comprises a carrier unit and a heating unit, with the carrier unit having a surface comprising at least a plane portion being at least substantially normal to a longitudinal axis and an at least part-circularly shaped groove extending from said carrier unit and wound about the longitudinal axis, and the heating unit having a heating element at least partially arranged in said groove of said carrier unit. In the inventive heating system, the groove extends at least partially helically about the longitudinal axis. The present invention further relates to a heated conveyor pump for conveying and heating a fluid medium, said pump comprises a drive unit, a pump housing and the inventive heating system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating system component for a heating system for heating a fluid medium, with a carrier unit, and a heating unit coupled to said carrier unit, wherein said carrier unit comprises a wet side and a dry side, wherein said wet side corresponds to a surface of said carrier unit configured to be in contact with said fluid medium, wherein said dry side is located on a surface opposite to said wet side; and wherein said heating unit is recessed in a groove provided on said dry side of the carrier unit. A temperature sensor, in particular an NTC thermistor, positioned to measure a temperature of a fluid medium at the wet side of the carrier unit, wherein the temperature sensor is effectively thermally insulated from the heating unit.

Abstract: Heat transfer device (10) for heating a fluid or a fluid foam on demand comprising a path (30) through which the fluid or the fluid foam circulates and at least one layer (11) made of a thermally conductive material, the path (30) being in contact with the layer (11) in such a way that when the layer (11) is heated it transmits heat to the fluid or fluid foam as it circulates through the path (30), wherein the path (30) and the part of the layer (11) in contact with said path (30) are detachably configured so that they are made accessible for being cleaned.

Abstract: The invention relates to a disposable heat transfer device (10) for heating a fluid or a fluid foam on demand comprising a path (30) through which the fluid or the fluid foam circulates and at least one layer (11) made of a thermally conductive material, the path (30) being in contact with the layer (11) in such a way that when the layer (11) is heated it transmits heat to the fluid or fluid foam as it circulates through the path (30).

Abstract: Method and machine for preparing beverages, in particular infusions, such as coffee or tea, having a liquid supply source supplying a liquid, in particular water, an infusion chamber and an infusion circuit, which connects said supply source to said infusion chamber; the machine having an infusion circuit with a heat exchanger and a dispensing assembly, which is configured to heat the liquid at a predetermined temperature that is lower than the boiling temperature of the liquid, for example at approximately 90°, before the infusion of the liquid itself on the inside of the infusion chamber.

Abstract: A deflector for a condensation heat exchanger and to an exchanger provided with such a deflector. The deflector includes two front and rear cups with inner surfaces at the bottom designed in relief so as to have at least one circulation groove. The two cups are assembled on either side of a central partition so that each groove forms, with the partition, a channel in which a heat-transfer fluid is intended to circulate. The channels of the front and rear cups are connected via an opening bored into the central partition, so that the heat transfer fluid can circulate from an inlet coupling to an outlet coupling of the deflector, through the channels by flowing on either side of the central partition.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprising a manifold for uniform vapor deposition is disclosed. The semiconductor device can include a manifold comprising a bore and having an inner wall. The inner wall can at least partially define the bore. A first axial portion of the bore can extend along a longitudinal axis of the manifold. A supply channel can provide fluid communication between a gas source and the bore. The supply channel can comprise a slit defining an at least partially annular gap through the inner wall of the manifold to deliver a gas from the gas source to the bore. The at least partially annular gap can be revolved about the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A portable and automatic beverage brewing device configured in a unitary drinking vessel provides for an integral brewing device that is also a drinking vessel. The drinking vessel is configured with a pump and one or more heating elements to heat the liquid and pump it from a liquid container to a receptacle for receiving infusible material, such as coffee or tea, for example. A pump may be configured in the base of the unitary drinking vessel and a tube may extend up between the exterior of the liquid container and the exterior wall of the drinking vessel, to the receptacle. The tube may be spiraled around the liquid container and a heating element may be configured around on in contact with the tube within the inner wall space.

Abstract: A condition warning system for an apparatus such as a pot and pan washing machine, a control system and control methods for a pot and pan washing machine are provided. The condition warning system includes a control system that monitors operational, safety or compliance parameters of an apparatus, and a light that illuminates a location below (or above) an operator's direct line of sight, and which is outside of the operator's direct line of sight. The control system and control methods include a punitive wash action lockout, an extended wash cycle time, and a deep clean wash cycle.

Abstract: The invention concerns a unit (1000) for controlling transmission of power to a thermal conditioning device (100) e.g. for coffee machine, comprising a controller (2) with a start-up profile for starting-up said device (100) from a temperature of inactivity (TI) to an operative temperature for bringing to a target temperature (TT) a fluid circulating through said device (100) at start-up end, said controller (2) being arranged to allow circulation of fluid through said device (100) at start-up end and to compare the determined temperature (SOT) of fluid circulated at start-up end to the target temperature (TT) and derive a temperature difference therefrom. It is characterized in that the start-up profile has at least one parameter and in that said controller (2) has a self-learning mode for adjusting said parameter as a function of said temperature difference and to store the adjusted parameter for a subsequent starting-up of said device (100).

Abstract: An electrical heater has first and second heater elements, each having a hairpin-shaped metal tube with an upstream and a downstream leg and tube ends adjacent each other. An electrical resistance wire surrounded by insulation powder extends through the tube. Electrical terminals join to the wire and protrude from each of the tube ends. Conduits enclose the upstream and the downstream legs of the heater elements, providing a continuous annular flow path. A manifold has heater element passages for end portion of the legs. An inlet passage in the manifold leads from an exterior portion of the manifold to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of the first heater element. A transfer passage within the manifold leads from the annular flow path surrounding the downstream leg of the first heater element to the annular flow path surrounding the upstream leg of the second heater element.

Abstract: A heating device is provided with plates stacked one on top of another. At least one first fluid channel is formed in a fluid-tight manner between a first plate package with a first and a second plate. An electrical heating element is arranged between a first plate of the first plate package and an additional plate. The electrical heating element is accommodated between the two plates in a sealed manner and is electrically insulated, wherein an inlet-side and an outlet side fluid connection of the first fluid channel is arranged on the second plate of the first plate package. The electrical heating element has a connection device for electrical contacting, which is connected to the electrical heating element and protrudes through a window in the second plate of the first plate package, wherein the fluid connections and the window are arranged adjacent to opposing lateral edges of the second plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrically operable heating device through which liquid flows, comprising a housing. The heating device comprises an electrically operable heating apparatus and a liquid chamber for accommodating a heat-transferring liquid. The liquid chamber has a plurality of plate pairs comprising plates connected to each other at specified distances from each other, whereby liquid flow channels can be created between the plate pairs. The electrically operable heating apparatus is designed as a heating combination having a plurality of heating elements, wherein the heating combination can be arranged between the liquid chambers by inserting the heating units into the accommodating spaces produced between the plate pairs.

Abstract: A heating device (1) which includes: an assembly (2-4) made of a heat-conducting material and has a heating resistor (5) and has a defined passage (7a, 7b) close to the resistor (5), for a flow of water to be heated. The assembly (2-4) includes a central body (2) having two main opposite surfaces (2a, 2b) to which respective closing shells (3, 4) are connected in a liquid-tight manner. Between each main surface (2a, 2b) and the associated shell (3, 4) there is defined a passage following a serpentine path (7a, 7b). The serpentine passages (7a, 7b) communicate with each other by a through-hole (10) provided between the main surfaces (2a, 2b) of the central body (2). The heating resistor (5) is provided in the central body (2), between the main surfaces or faces (2a, 2b) such that it is in a heat-exchanging relationship with both the serpentine passages (7a, 7b).

Abstract: A heat exchange device for heating liquid adhesive material to an application temperature suitable for an adhesive bonding application includes a body having an inlet configured to receive a flow of liquid adhesive material and an outlet configured to provide the liquid adhesive material to a dispensing device for the adhesive bonding application. A fluid passageway in the body connects the inlet and the outlet. The fluid passageway includes a thin slit section having a length along a fluid flow direction between the inlet and the outlet, the thin slit section further having a first dimension and a second dimension transverse to the fluid flow direction. The first dimension and the length are substantially greater than the second dimension. The heat exchange further includes a heating element for heating the liquid adhesive material flowing through the thin slit section to the application temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid heating device for an automobile that comprises two independent liquid flow paths (10a, 10b) integrally formed in at least one part (1a) made of a heat-conducting material, each liquid flow path (10a) being capable of enabling a flow of liquid between a connection terminal defining an inlet and a connection terminal defining an outlet (12a, 12b), each of the connection terminals being capable of sealingly receiving a liquid supply duct or tube, and a heating means (14) thermally coupled with said part (1a) and capable of heating said part (1a) so that the liquid flowing through said flow paths can absorb the heat of said part (1a). The invention advantageously enables the very flexible use thereof for one or more systems requiring heated liquid inside a single vehicle.

Abstract: A pipe having at least two steel pipe elements with internal lining that are assembled together end to end, with the ends of the two pipe elements being welded together. A tubular junction sleeve is interposed inside the pipe at the abutting ends of the two pipe elements so that the end terminal portions of the sleeve are at least in part in leaktight contact with respective ones of the terminal portions at the ends of the internal linings of the two pipe elements. The leaktight contact zone is a zone of fusion welding together the materials in mutual contact constituting at least a portion of each terminal portion of the sleeve and of each respective terminal portion of the lining. At each of the terminal portions of the sleeve in the leaktight contact zone, the tubular junction sleeve presents a Joule effect heater wire arranged in a double spiral on the outer surface of each terminal portion at the ends of the sleeve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for heating a fluid, essentially comprising a heating body with a solid element and one or more electric resistors of rectangular section of the PTC type which are arranged in grooves on the exterior surface of the solid element. The latter comprises a U-shaped passage for fluid. The invention also relates to a vehicle engine fitted with such a device for preheating or heating the coolant. The invention also relates to a method for preheating or heating using such a device.

Abstract: A system for connecting hose lines, including a plug-in connector (2) and an electric heating element (36), wherein the plug-in connector (2) has at least one first (4) and one second connection (6) which are connected to one another by a tube (8), and wherein at least one section of the tube (8) can be heated by the electric heating element (36). The electric heating element (36) is embedded into a clamping ring (10) having a gap (12). The tube (8) is pushed through the gap (12) of the clamping ring (10) in such a way that the clamping ring (10) reaches around at least one section of the tube (8) and bears against the tube (8).

Abstract: A heating unit can reduce the rate of power consumption for heating a vehicle, so that the running distance of the vehicle is increased and hence the battery charging cycle of the vehicle is prolonged. A heating unit of a vehicle heating system includes a casing made of a metal material capable of electromagnetically shielding microwaves, a support arranged in the hollow section of the casing, a plurality of microwave absorbing/heat emitting members arranged at the support and a microwave outputting unit arranged in the casing to output microwaves toward respective microwave absorbing/heat emitting members, blown air being heated by heat generated as a result of absorption of microwaves by the microwave absorbing/heat emitting members at the time for blown air to flow from the upstream side to the downstream side in the hollow sections of the microwave absorbing/heat emitting members.

Abstract: A lithium polymer (LiPo) battery pack having LiPo battery cells is provided which includes battery protection circuitry, charging circuitry, cell balancing circuitry, and control and communication circuitry. The batteries can be charged while in use by an internal charger. Battery charging and discharging are accomplished in a controlled and protected manner to avoid overcharging and overdischarging conditions. The novel battery pack has built-in safeguards against dangerous LiPo battery conditions and is implemented in a small, portable unit which contains the battery cells, control and protection circuitry, internal charger and display gauge. The battery pack is useful for powering an intravenous fluid warmer or other medical or electrical devices and equipment.

Abstract: A rigid electrical raft has electrical conductors embedded in a rigid material. The electrical conductors transmit electrical signals through the rigid electrical raft, which may form part of an electrical system of a gas turbine engine. The rigid electrical raft also has electrical heating elements embedded therein. The electrical heating elements provide heat which may be used, for example, to prevent condensation and/or ice build-up and/or to raise the temperature of electrical components to be within a desired range.

Abstract: The invention includes a tankless liquid heater that employs a series of chambers, each having a plurality of heating tubes, with heating elements positioned thereon, and a control unit comprising a switch, controller, and power distributor to control the flow and heating of liquid in the system. In one embodiment, the control unit takes input from a liquid flow sensor that monitors the passage of liquid through the system, a temperature sensor adapted to monitor liquid temperature, and a current leakage sensor adapted to monitor the current leakage in the system. In response to these sensors, the control controller actuates the relay between an closed position, which allows current from the power distributor to pass to a plurality of heating elements, and an open position, which prevents the current from flowing from the power distributer to the plurality of heating elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric heating device for heating fluids, comprising at least one heating rod, which has at least one heating element, a housing, which encloses the heating rod and has an inlet opening and an outlet opening, wherein the inlet opening and the outlet opening are interconnected by a winding flow channel. According to the invention, the flow channel forms a helix that has a longitudinal axis, wherein the heating rod is disposed next to the longitudinal axis of the helix and extends through a helically winding wall of the flow channel at a plurality of points.

Abstract: Fluid conduit segments are provided that include, but are not limited to integrated heating systems for protection against freezing. To this effect PTC-fabric heating elements are provided that are integrated in the fluid conduit segments and that in the negative temperature range include, but are not limited to a PTC-temperature-dependent resistance. The heating system thus provides a higher output in the negative temperature range and a lower output in the positive temperature range, i.e., the heating limits itself until temperature equalization has been reached.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric heating device for heating fluids, comprising at least one heating rod, which has at least one heating element, a housing, which encloses the heating rod and has an inlet opening and an outlet opening, wherein the inlet opening and the outlet opening are interconnected by a winding flow channel. According to the invention, the flow channel forms a helix that has a longitudinal axis, wherein the heating rod is disposed next to the longitudinal axis of the helix and extends through a helically winding wall of the flow channel at a plurality of points.

Abstract: A heating device for heating a liquid in the through-flow comprises a carrier with heating conductors thereon and at least two surface mounted device (SMD) temperature sensors. A first temperature sensor is arranged closed to the heating conductor at a distance of less than twice the heating conductor width. A second temperature sensor has a greater distance to the heating conductor than the first temperature sensor, preferably more than twice the distance of the first temperature sensor to the heating conductor.

Abstract: The present device concerns a boiler for use in a machine for making hot beverages including a diffuser (32) with a first wall (33) destined to be placed in contact with the liquid to be heated and a second wall (34) opposite first wall (33), heating element (11) consisting of at least one thick film or photo-etching resistor (31) arranged on second wall (34) of diffuser (32), a body which, with first wall (33) of diffuser (32), defines a heating volume (11) inside which the liquid is to be heated, characterized in that it is arranged so that heating volume (11) is positioned on either side of heating element (30). Also described is the fabrication of machines for preparing hot beverages such as coffee.

Abstract: A heatable connection apparatus includes electrically heatable hoses and a junction piece having two nipples for corresponding ones of the hoses. Each hose has two electric heating elements embedded therein. The ends of the heating elements are routed out of the hose for connection. The heating elements from one hose end are connected to corresponding ones of the heating elements from the other hose end to form two heating-element pairs lying diametrically opposite one another. Each heating-element pair is bent downward and guided through with the crimp first from above under a bracket of the housing downward toward the housing bottom, from where it is deflected by 90° along the bottom of the junction piece in tight contact therewith. On the opposite side, the heating-element pair is guided upward and pushed with the crimp first from below and through the bracket.

Abstract: There is provided an instantaneous water heater capable of expelling heated water or steam when internal pressure reaches or exceeds a predetermined pressure, thus preventing an accident, product damage, or the like. The instantaneous water heater includes a main body having an inlet allowing water to be introduced therethrough and an outlet allowing water to be discharged therethrough; a heating unit disposed in the main body and heating water introduced to the main body; and a decompression unit connected to a decompression hole disposed in the main body and expelling heated water or steam to the outside thereof when internal pressure within the main body reaches or exceeds a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A fluid conduit body having a semi-conductive material disposed therein and at least one wire coupling an electrical power supply to the conduit to provide an electrical current therethrough to heat the fluid conduit also has an end cover molded over a fitting fitted to an end of the conduit and over an end of the wire coupling the power supply to an end of the conduit. Alternatively, a fluid conduit heating system employs a semi-conductive sleeve disposed over a fluid conduit with the sleeve extending at least partially over a fitting fitted to an end of the conduit. An electrical power supply is coupled to each end of the sleeve to provide an electrical current through the semi-conductive sleeve to heat the sleeve and the fluid conduit. An end cover is molded over at least a portion of the fitting and the sleeve extending thereover.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid heating device, in particular for household application, mainly for preparing hot beverages comprising a body provided with a liquid flow channel which comprises a liquid inlet and outlet and is connected to at least one electrical heating body whose feeding is controlled by switching means connected to control means.

Abstract: A method for processing solar cells comprising: providing a vertical furnace to receive an array of mutually spaced circular semiconductor wafers for integrated circuit processing; composing a process chamber loading configuration for solar cell substrates, wherein a size of the solar cell substrates that extends along a first surface to be processed is smaller than a corresponding size of the circular semiconductor wafers, such that multiple arrays of mutually spaced solar cell substrates can be accommodated in the process chamber, loading the solar cell substrates into the process chamber; subjecting the solar cell substrates to a process in the process chamber.

Abstract: A water boiling device includes a heat tank unit received in a machine body, a high frequency induction heater, and a heat pipe unit. The heat tank unit includes first and second heating tanks in communication with each other. Outside water can flow into the first and second heating tanks. The high frequency induction heater includes a heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils. The heat pipe unit includes first and second heating pipes. An upper section of each heating pipe is received in one of the heating tanks, and a lower section of each heating pipe extends out of the heating tanks and is inserted into the heat pipe induction coil. The first and second heating tanks will heat up to heat the water in the first and second heating tanks when a high frequency current is passed through the heat pipe induction coil and first and second induction coils.

Abstract: A flow-through heating system (1) is described, comprising: a flow tube (11); a plurality of at least two heating elements (12A, 12B, 12C), each heating element being connected in series with a corresponding controllable switch (23 A, 23B, 23C); a control unit (30) having control outputs (33A, 33B, 33C) coupled to said controllable switches; the control unit (30) being designed to generate control signals (Sa, Sb, Sc) for opening and closing the controllable switches such that said heating system is operated at a required power (Pr) less than the power capacity (Ptot) of said heating system by operating precisely one of said heating elements at reduced power while the remaining heating elements are either operated at full power or at zero power.

Abstract: A liquid heating unit for use in a vehicle surface cleaning and deicing system, the liquid heating unit including a liquid heating assembly, having an inlet through which a washing fluid is received from a reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning at least one vehicle surface, at least one heating element for heating fluid in the liquid heating assembly and a freeze protection element located in the liquid heating assembly, the freeze protection element including a deformable container being deformable in at least two generally perpendicular axial directions.

Abstract: An oil water mixture heating apparatus comprises a metal outer barrel with a helical trough formed inside, a metal inner barrel held in the metal outer barrel to form a helical passage with the helical trough, a first and a second guide cap coupled on two sides of the metal outer and inner barrels, a first and a second seal cap coupled respectively on the first and second guide caps, a first and a second holder fixedly located on outer sides of the two seal caps and an electric heater encasing the metal outer barrel. When combustible oil or oil water mixture enters the helical passage and are heated by the electric heater, the oil or oil water mixture also is constantly blended in the helical passage so that it is heated rapidly to a required temperature and forms a finer oil water mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tank withdrawal system for a vehicle tank filled with a frozen liquid. The tank withdrawal system comprises a heating system comprising at least one electric heating element as primary heating device and a conduit system provided with at least one withdrawal conduit with a withdrawal opening arranged in the vehicle tank. The cold start volume of the frozen liquid extending around the withdrawal opening can be melted by the primary heating device. To quickly melt a cold start volume while melting off the remaining frozen liquid consuming as minimal amount of energy, the heating system comprises a secondary heating device supplied with a heating fluid and the conduit system comprises at least one heating conduit through which the heating fluid can flow and which is arranged in the liquid in the vehicle tank.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fluid-heating device (1) comprising: a fluid circulation conduit (5), electric heating means (4), and a switch (6) which can be moved selectively between a configuration in which the electric heating means are powered and a configuration in which the electric power being supplied to the electric heating means is cut off. The invention also comprises a thermally-fusible part (7) which is intended to be heated by the electric heating means when in operation and which is designed (i) to fuse at least partially when at least one area (8) of the electric heating means exceeds a critical temperature threshold and (ii) to move the switch (6) from the power supply configuration to the power cut-off configuration.

Abstract: A flow-through heater includes a heating element and a liquid-bearing tube connected to the heating element. The liquid-bearing tube has a flat area on which a thermostat is mounted.

Abstract: A fuel cell system that employs one or more PTC ceramic heaters that do not need to be self-regulated, and thus will not require various control components, such as temperature sensors. The PTC ceramic heaters include a ceramic material that is designed for a particular temperature depending on the particular application. An electrical current is applied to the ceramic heater that generates heat as long as the temperature of the ceramic heater is below the designed temperature. If the ceramic heater reaches the designed temperature, then the resistance of the ceramic material goes up, and the current through the ceramic material goes down, so that the heater does not provide significant heating. Therefore, it does not need to be regulated.

Abstract: A thermally sprayed gas heater comprises a gas flow apparatus that propels a gas through a housing; and a thermally sprayed heater bonded to a surface of the apparatus, the heater positioned to heat the gas flow in the housing. In other aspects, a heater system for a turbulent flow gas duct comprises a duct having a gas flow channel, the channel having a shaped surface providing turbulent gas flow in the channel, and a thermally sprayed heater positioned to heat the gas flow in the channel.

Abstract: A heat trace assembly is provided that includes a heat trace section, an insulation jacket surrounding the heat trace section, and a plurality of standoffs disposed between the heat trace section and the insulation jacket. A corresponding plurality of passageways are formed between the heat trace section and the insulation jacket and between the plurality of standoffs. The standoffs can be a part of the insulation jacket and/or the heat trace section, and the standoffs can furthermore be integrally formed with or separately attached to the insulation jacket and/or the heat trace section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid heating device, in particular for household application, mainly, for preparing hot beverages comprising a body provided with a liquid flow channel which comprises a liquid inlet and outlet and is connected to at least one electrical heating body whose feeding is controlled by switching means connected to control means.

Abstract: An electrical heatable fluid line includes an inner cross sectional area which surrounds a medium conducting duct, a heating conductor arrangement which is arranged in a thermally conductive connection with the inner cross sectional area, and an outer cross sectional area which surrounds the heating conductor arrangement between the inner cross sectional area and the outer cross sectional area an intermediate layer which separates the heating conductor arrangement from the outer cross sectional area and which mechanically has a lower stability than the inner cross sectional area and the outer cross sectional area.

Abstract: A steam generator comprising a heating unit, a pump adapted to deliver a controllable flow of water from a water supply into the heating unit and an outlet for steam from the heating unit; the heating unit comprises a housing, a heating element disposed in the housing and a conduit for water and steam extending from the inlet to the outlet; the conduit includes a passageway extending in an elongate path in contact with or adjacent the heating element; wherein the housing comprises two portions releasably seamed together to provide a channel between the portions to receive the heating element and to provide the passageway.