Abstract: An apparatus and a method of assembling a panel heater for use in a corrosive environment includes a planar heating element, a planar non-conductive carrier for supporting a conductive ground plane thereon, a planar heat sink supporting the heating element, and a fluoropolymer envelope enclosing the heating element, the carrier, the ground plane and the heat sink to protect same from corrosive environments. The heat sink and carrier have a coefficient of expansion which is substantially equal to minimize the effects of unequal expansion and contraction of the heater.

Abstract: A heater assembly for heating a container of corrosive fluid includes a housing adapted to be located in a container of fluid to be heated, a sealed chamber located in the housing, a heater located in the chamber, an electrically conductive sleeve assembly secured to the housing, and a flexible conduit extending from the sleeve assembly and providing a passageway for conductors providing a source of power to the heater assembly. The flexible conduit includes an electrical conductor connected to ground which is located in the sleeve assembly and the sleeve assembly is swaged to compress the sleeve assembly into the electrical conductor to ground to the electrically conductive housing via the sleeve assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the temperature of a sample in a thermal analysis system according to a temperature-control program in order to facilitate the production of rising and falling temperatures. The apparatus includes a first heater, a thermally insulating container having an opening and containing a mass of liquified coolant, a coolant vapor flow pipe, a sample chamber for containing the sample, a second heater, a sample chamber temperature detector, a temperature-control program setting circuit, a first power supply regulator and a second power supply regulator.

Abstract: An immersion heater (1) for use in a chemically corrosive environment. An electrically conductive heating element (7) is immersible in the environment (C) and is capable of a watt-density of at least 30 watts per square inch when current flows through the element. A metallic sheath (9) covers the heating element. A coating (11) is applied over the sheath. The coating is capable of maintaining its coating properties not only when the heater is immersed in the environment, but also when the watt-density of the heating element exceeds 30 watts per square inch, and the temperature of the environment exceeds the boiling point of water.

Abstract: An infrared panel heater includes a housing having a gas inlet and a gas discharge opening covered by a porous metal panel. An electric heating element is disposed in the housing between the panel and the gas inlet for heating the panel for emission of infrared radiation therefrom. A plurality of spaced, parallel gas stream distributor plates are disposed in the housing between the heating element and gas inlet and are each provided with a plurality of openings forming the sole flow path for gas from the inlet to the discharge opening. The openings in each plate are uniform in diameter with the diameter of the openings in the respective plates decreasing as the plate is situated closer to the heating element so that a uniform gas distribution is achieved across the entire panel area. The outer surface of the panel may be coated with a porous ceramic infrared emitting layer.