Abstract: A memory device, an error correction device and an error correction method thereof are provided. The error correction device includes a first error correction decoder and a second error correction decoder. The first error correction decoder performs at least one iteration of a first error correction operation on a data chunk, calculates a counting number of syndrome values equal to a set logic value generated in the at least one iteration of the first error correction operation, and generates a control signal according to the counting number. The second error correction decoder receives the control signal and determines whether to be activated to perform a second error correction operation on the data chunk or not according to the control signal. An error correction ability of the second error correction decoder is higher than an error correction ability of the first error correction decoder.

Abstract: A power transmission unit includes a switching unit configured to switch alternating-current (AC) power at a timing based on a first clock signal and wirelessly transmit the switched AC power, and a clock transmission unit configured to wirelessly transmit the first clock signal. A power reception unit includes a clock reception unit configured to receive the first clock signal, a detection unit configured to detect an amount of electric power and a switching timing of the AC power, a clock generation unit configured to generate a second clock signal based on the switching timing, a clock selection unit configured to select the first or second clock signal in accordance with the amount of electric power, and a rectifying unit configured to switch the AC power wirelessly transmitted by the switching unit at a timing based on the clock signal selected.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a photonics-based phased antenna array that conveys wireless signals at frequencies greater than 100 GHz. In a transmit mode, the array may transmit signals using the first and second optical signals. In a receive mode, the array may receive signals using the optical signals. In a passive mode, the array may reflect incident wireless signals as reflected signals. Photodiodes in the array may be controlled to exhibit output impedances that are mismatched with respect to input impedances of radiating elements in the array. Different mismatches can be used across the array or as a function of time to impart different phase and/or frequency shifts on the reflected signals. The phase shifts may be used to encode information into the reflected signals and/or to form a signal beam of the reflected signals.

Abstract: A method includes determining a first power level by performing a first series of measurements based on a first series of burst transmissions from an optical transmitter of an optical network unit (ONU) in an optical network. Bursts in the first series of burst transmissions include a first modified preamble. A second power level is determined by performing a second series of measurements based on a second series of optical burst transmissions. Bursts in the second series of burst transmissions include a second modified preamble. A first power level (P0) and a second power level (P1) are determined based on the first power level and the second power level and one or more additional parameters associated with transmissions from the optical transmitter are determined based on P0 and P1. Based on the additional parameters, it is determined whether the optical transmitter complies with specifications of the optical network.

Abstract: A coherent passive optical network includes a downstream transceiver and first and second upstream transceivers in communication with an optical transport medium. The downstream transceiver includes a downstream processor for mapping a downstream data stream to a plurality of sub-bands, and a downstream transmitter for transmitting a downstream optical signal modulated with the plurality of sub-bands. The first upstream transceiver includes a first local oscillator (LO) for tuning a first LO center frequency to a first sub-band of the plurality of sub-bands, and a first downstream receiver for coherently detecting the downstream optical signal within the first sub-band. The second upstream transceiver includes a second downstream receiver configured for coherently detecting the downstream optical signal within a second sub-band of the plurality of sub-bands. The downstream processor dynamically allocates the first and second sub-bands to the first and second transceivers in the time and frequency domains.

Abstract: A method is provided for transmission rate adaptation of one or more data units, the method including: receiving, by an adapter, the adapter including an adaptation circuitry, a plurality of data units according to a first transmission rate and at least one delay character separating two consecutive data units; and transmitting, by the adapter, each of the plurality of data units received according to a second transmission rate, wherein the second transmission rate is determined based on the at least one delay character received.

Abstract: An optical module for use in an optical system is disclosed, the optical module implementing Precision Time Protocol (PTP) clock functionality therein. The optical module includes an electrical interface with the optical system; circuitry connected to the electrical interface and configured to implement a plurality of functions of functionality; an optical interface connected to the circuitry; and timing circuitry connected to the electrical interface and one or more of the plurality of functions, wherein the timing circuitry is configured to implement the PTP clock functionality.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for extending an optical distribution network to an end point in a user's premises over a power line drop cable that supplies metered power to the premises are disclosed. An existing power line drop cable to the premises serves as an intermediate medium to transmit high-bandwidth data from an optical distribution network to a transceiver in a user's premises. Fiber from an optical distribution network connects to an outside-plant optical-to-electronic device comprising at least an optical network unit and a domain master. The device is powered by electricity from the electrical network to which the first power line drop cable is attached. The device can have an electromagnetic-interference filter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of network communications. An Optical Line Terminal (OLT) allocates a Pseudo Wire (PW) label of an access segment PW for a port, and establishes a corresponding relationship between the port information and the PW label; and carries the corresponding relationship between the port information and the PW label in a label management message, and sends the label management message to an Optical Network Unit (ONU) so that the ONU updates a forwarding table, in which the label management message adopts an access network management protocol. As a consequence, a problem of supporting Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) on a data plane of an access segment of an access network is solved under the conditions that device complexity of the ONU is not increased and a configuration of the ONU is slightly changed.

Abstract: Transmitting devices used in an optical access system in which a plurality of the transmitting devices transmit an optical burst signal to a receiving device by time division multiple access, the transmitting devices each including an arithmetic processing unit, the arithmetic processing unit including: a data signal transmission instruction unit, the a data signal transmission instruction unit that outputs a first instruction for controlling transmission processing of a data signal on the basis of a requester's instruction; an optical signal control instruction unit that outputs a second instruction for controlling output processing of an optical signal on the basis of the requester's instruction; and an instruction output adjustment unit that adjusts a timing at which the first instruction is output and a timing at which the second instruction is output.

Abstract: A system and a method to wirelessly synchronize, monitor, or communicate, or a combination thereof, amongst sensors (e.g., sensors, hubs, sensor controllers, etc.) in a Bluetooth Low Energy-based microlocation system. The system or method, or both, may use the BLE hardware (e.g., transmitters, receivers, antennas, etc.) to interleave a communications protocol within the connection interval gaps of the BLE protocol used to communicate with devices.

Abstract: A framing method and apparatus in a passive optical network (PON) and a system, where the method includes generating a first transmission convergence (TC) frame and a second TC frame separately, wherein a sum of frame lengths of the first and the second TC frame is 125 microseconds (?s), performing bit mapping on the second TC frame to generate a third TC frame, where the bit mapping refers to identifying each bit of the second TC frame using N bits, and sending the first and the second TC frame to an optical network unit (ONU). A line rate corresponding to the second TC frame is lower than 2.488 giga bits per second (Gbps) such that a rate of a receiver on a receiving side is decreased and a bandwidth of the receiver is narrowed, thereby decreasing an optical link loss and increasing an optical power budget.

Abstract: Communication systems include network nodes that distribute an electrical or optical base signal to remote nodes for modulation at the remotes nodes. A first waveguide is coupled to transmit data to a corresponding remote node, a second waveguide is coupled to receive remotely modulated data from the remote node, and a third waveguide is coupled to deliver the base signal to the remote node. Typically, the base signal is an optical signal from a laser diode, and optical fibers communicate modulated data signals and the base signal. A portion of the base signal can also be modulated for communication with remote nodes.

Abstract: A receiving-side splitter 4 that constitutes part of an optical communication device 1 splits a receiving-side signal light into a plurality of lights at a splitting ratio according to the intensity distribution of mutually different propagation modes included in the receiving-side signal light passed through a transmission medium 3. A transmission-side splitter 10 splits a transmission-side signal light into a plurality of-lights. A signal processing device 5 detects the light intensity and/or the phase of the receiving-side signal light, and sets a control target value for the light intensity and/or the phase of the transmission-side signal light to a value according to the result of the detection. A modulator 9 adjusts the light intensity or the phase of a the transmission-side signal light so that the light intensity or phase equals the set value. A multiplexer 8 multiplexes the plurality of transmission-side signal lights.

Abstract: A system and a method to wirelessly synchronize, monitor, or communicate, or a combination thereof, amongst sensors (e.g., sensors, hubs, sensor controllers, etc.) in a Bluetooth Low Energy-based microlocation system. The system or method, or both, may use the BLE hardware (e.g., transmitters, receivers, antennas, etc.) to interleave a communications protocol within the connection interval gaps of the BLE protocol used to communicate with devices.

Abstract: An optical module for use in an optical system, the optical module implementing Precision Time Protocol (PTP) clock functionality therein. The optical module includes an electrical interface with the optical system; circuitry connected to the electrical interface and configured to implement a plurality of functions of functionality; an optical interface connected to the circuitry; and timing circuitry connected to the electrical interface and one or more of the plurality of functions, wherein the timing circuitry is configured to implement the PTP clock functionality.

Abstract: This application discloses a method, including: determining a transmission rate of a to-perform-sending optical network unit (ONU); generating a reset signal before the to-perform-sending ONU sends an optical signal, where the reset signal is used to trigger the OLT to perform a reset operation; adjusting a signal characteristic of the reset signal according to the transmission rate, to generate an adjusted signal; extracting a signal characteristic of the adjusted signal, and generating a first signal and a second signal according to the signal characteristic of the adjusted signal, where the first signal indicates the reset signal, and the second signal indicates the transmission rate of the to-perform-sending ONU; performing the reset operation according to the first signal; and after the reset operation is completed, adjusting the reception parameter of the optical line terminal OLT according to the second signal.

Abstract: A configuration for receiving transmission data at multiple rates where one rate is not necessarily a multiple of another is provided. A host board includes a receiving circuit, a cross point switch, and a switch control circuit. The receiving circuit includes a receiving unit configured to receive a first data signal transmitted at a first rate, and a second receiving unit configured to receive a second data signal transmitted at a second rate different from the first rate. The cross point switch includes input terminals and output terminals. The cross point switch is configured to define a path of signal between the input terminals and the output terminals to route an input data signal to at least one of the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit.

Abstract: A system and method of conducting precision time management in a universal serial bus system with a retimer. The method includes initiating, from the retimer, a link delay management request on an upstream-facing port of the retimer. The method further includes receiving, at a downstream-facing port of the retimer, a link delay management request and responding to the request received on the downstream-facing port.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for determining and controlling power of an optical transmitter of an optical network unit (ONU) for a time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM-PON). The system includes an RSSI collector configured to collect received signal strength indication (RSSI) information from upstream optical signals received from the ONUs connected to optical line terminal (OLT) ports, an ONU power level determiner configured to gather the pieces of RSSI information about the ONUs from the RSSI collector, and to determine power of optical transmitters of the ONUs based on the gathered information, and a power mode controller configured to receive power mode setting information of the optical transmitters of the ONUs from the ONU power level determiner, and to generate a physical layer operation and maintenance (PLOAM) message to control power modes of the ONUs based on the received power mode setting information.

Abstract: A protection method wherein an ONU switches a reception wavelength to a backup wavelength so as to be logically connected to a backup OSU designated in advance for each ONU when the ONU detects a failure in an OSU to which the ONU is originally assigned, while the ONU keeps on holding its own connection information with the OLT. In the OLT, a backup OSU for the ONU which is originally assigned to the failed OSU is notified of the information on the ONU when the OLT detects a failure in an OSU. In this way, the ONUs which are originally assigned to the failed OSU resumes communication in a short period.

Abstract: Provided is a burst-mode receiver configured to receive an optical signal having a preamble and a data payload, the burst-mode receiver including a first bias resistor coupled between a first voltage supply and a photosensor, a first capacitor coupled between the photosensor and an amplifier, a first common-mode resistor configured to supply a voltage of a common-mode voltage supply to the amplifier, a first bypass switch configured to couple the first capacitor to the common-mode voltage supply while bypassing the first common-mode resistor, and a first data switch configured to couple the first capacitor to the amplifier, and to couple the first capacitor to the common-mode voltage supply through the first common-mode resistor.

Abstract: This present invention is provided with: a semiconductor laser for emitting laser light in a plurality of channels; optical waveguides optically coupled in a corresponding manner to the semiconductor lasers, the optical waveguides propagating laser light as input light for each channel; optical modulators for modulating the input light and generating an optical signal; and an optical signal output unit coupled to the optical modulators, the optical signal output unit outputting the optical signal propagated from the optical modulators to the exterior. The present invention is characterized in that the semiconductor laser is arranged on the opposite side from an optical branching unit and the optical modulators, with the optical signal output unit interposed therebetween, in the plane of an opto-electric hybrid board.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for determining and controlling power of an optical transmitter of an optical network unit (ONU) for a time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM-PON). The system includes an RSSI collector configured to collect received signal strength indication (RSSI) information from upstream optical signals received from the ONUs connected to optical line terminal (OLT) ports, an ONU power level determiner configured to gather the pieces of RSSI information about the ONUs from the RSSI collector, and to determine power of optical transmitters of the ONUs based on the gathered information, and a power mode controller configured to receive power mode setting information of the optical transmitters of the ONUs from the ONU power level determiner, and to generate a physical layer operation and maintenance (PLOAM) message to control power modes of the ONUs based on the received power mode setting information.

Abstract: Provided is a burst-mode receiver configured to receive an optical signal having a preamble and a data payload, the burst-mode receiver including a first bias resistor coupled between a first voltage supply and a photosensor, a first capacitor coupled between the photosensor and an amplifier, a first common-mode resistor configured to supply a voltage of a common-mode voltage supply to the amplifier, a first bypass switch configured to couple the first capacitor to the common-mode voltage supply while bypassing the first common-mode resistor, and a first data switch configured to couple the first capacitor to the amplifier, and to couple the first capacitor to the common-mode voltage supply through the first common-mode resistor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving, by an apparatus, first data at a first bitrate and second data at a second bitrate faster than the first bitrate; de-interleaving, by the apparatus, the first data into first de-interleaved data and the second data into second de-interleaved data; and controlling transmission of the first and second data in a single modulated light beam transmitted by a light emitting diode, the controlling including outputting portions of the first and second de-interleaved data to the light emitting diode, and controlling transmission of the light emitting diode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interconnecting node for use in interconnecting a passive optical network (PON) and a copper wire xDSL access network, wherein said interconnecting node comprises an optical network unit (ONU) arranged to be connected to an optical line termination (OLT) over the PON network; and at least one xDSL access device connectable to at least one user end xDSL equipment over the copper wire xDSL access network. The interconnecting node is characterized in that it further comprises a clocking interconnect between the ONU unit and the at least one xDSL access device arranged to distribute a clock signal obtained from optical network transmissions received in the ONU unit over the PON network to an timing reference input of the at least one xDSL access device. The invention also relates to a further interconnecting node, methods for use in interconnecting nodes, a central office optical network apparatus and an access network.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an optical line terminal (OLT) module in a network device. The OLT module includes an optical signal module, an OLT management module, a scheduler module, and a forwarding module. The optical signal module transmits optical signals to and receives optical signals from a number of optical network units (ONUs). During operation, the OLT management module identifies a remote OLT module operating at a lower upstream data rate than the OLT module. The scheduler module identifies a report message received from a first ONU operating at the lower upstream data rate and generates a grant corresponding to the report message. A grant specifies a time slot for an upstream data burst. The scheduler module includes the grant in a notification frame destined for the remote OLT module. The forwarding module forwards the notification frame to an internal switch of the network device.

Abstract: Communication devices, systems, and methods for dynamic cell bonding (DCB) for networks and communication systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of operating a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes determining a first plurality of remote units in a cloud bonded to a communication session, measuring a received signal strength from each of the first plurality of remote units, and measuring a received signal strength from each of a second plurality of remote units in the cloud not bonded to the communication session. One or more of the second plurality of remote units is dynamically bonded to the communication session if the measured received signal strength of the one of the second plurality of remote units is greater than the measured received signal strength of the first plurality of remote units.

Abstract: The exchange device groups PON branches into PON branch groups based on the amount of communication data traffic that has arrived via a communication network with a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) respectively belonging to one of a plurality of PON branches as a transmission destination, multiplexes the communication data for each PON group, and transmits the multiplexed data. The exchange device has an unit configured to transmit each piece of communication data from the ONUs to one output port selected from among a plurality of output ports based on the transmission wavelength of the communication data. The exchange device groups a plurality of PON branches into PON branch groups based on the required bandwidth of each of the ONUs, and designates the transmission wavelength for each of the ONUs so that each piece of the communication data from one PON branch group is transmitted to one port.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data synchronization method and system, and an optical network unit. An ONU receives synchronization data that is transmitted by a first OLT through a GEM port corresponding to a predetermined GEM port ID or a logical link corresponding to a predetermined LLID, and stores the synchronization data. When a fault occurs on the first OLT or on a backbone optical fiber connected to the first OLT, the ONU transmits the synchronization data to a second OLT so that the second OLT recovers services according to the synchronization data.

Abstract: A manner of providing redundancy protection for a data center network that is both reliable and low-cost. In a data center network where the data traffic between numerous access nodes and a network core layer via primary aggregation nodes, an optical network device such as and OLT (optical line terminal) is provided as a backup aggregation node for one or more of the primary aggregation nodes. When a communication path through a primary aggregation node fails, traffic is routed through the optical network device. In a preferred embodiment, a communication link is formed from a plurality of access nodes to a single port of the OLT or other optical network device via an optical splitter that combines upstream transmissions and distributes downstream transmissions. The upstream transmissions from the plurality of access nodes may occur according to an allocation schedule generated when the backup aggregation node is needed.

Abstract: In the present invention, wasted power consumption caused when a clock and data recovery unit in an optical network unit in a PON system is activated from a power-saving state is reduced and rapid, secure communication is performed. A clock and data recovery unit includes a phase-locked loop that can be set to normal mode or power-saving mode and that includes a voltage-controlled oscillator and recovers a clock signal and a data signal from input signals. The clock and data recovery unit includes a reference clock multiplier circuit that multiplies a reference clock signal and outputs the multiplied reference clock signal; and a frequency training loop that includes the same voltage-controlled oscillator and performs synchronous oscillation training by the voltage-controlled oscillator using the reference clock multiplier circuit before the phase-locked loop transitions from power-saving mode to normal mode.

Abstract: A system for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System includes a plurality of local Digital Access Units (DAUs) located at a Local location. Each of the plurality of local DAUs is coupled to each other and operable to route signals between the plurality of local DAUs. Each of the plurality of local DAUs includes one or more Base Transceiver Station (BTS) RF connections. Each of the plurality of BTS RF connections is operable to be coupled to one of one or more sectors of a BTS. The system also includes a plurality of remote DAUs located at a Remote location. The plurality of remote DAUs are coupled to each other and operable to transport signals between the plurality of remote DAUs.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a system for transmitting information in a passive optical network are provided. The method mainly includes: obtaining OAM information that an RE device needs to report to an OLT device, performing modulation processing, according to the OAM information, on a downlink optical signal sent by the OLT device, and returning the downlink optical signal after the modulation processing to the OLT device; or, obtaining OAM information that an OLT device needs to deliver to an RE device, performing modulation processing, according to the OAM information, on a downlink optical signal sent by the OLT device to the RE device, and sending the downlink optical signal after the modulation processing to the RE device.

Abstract: The inventive concept relates to an optical line terminal registering optical network terminals having overlapping serial numbers. The optical line terminal may include a memory storing serial number information of optical network terminals of which a registration is completed in a storage region; and a control part that if a serial number by a serial number request is received from optical network terminals, the received serial number is compared with the serial number information of the memory and if they overlap each other, a previously set preliminary identifier is allocated to the optical network terminal having an overlapping serial number.

Abstract: A system and method for managing the optical layer network data communications of an optical fiber data network by an optical transceiver module is disclosed. The management of the optical layer network data communications comprising data link layer functions or layer 2 functions in an OSI model. Benefits include reduction in reduced cost of network deployments from consolidation of network equipment, such as switches, and reduction in power consumed as well as enabling point-to-multipoint network connections from previously only point-to-point network connection.

Abstract: A method for processing data flows of a plurality of passive optical network (PON) operating modes, the method is performed by an optical network unit (ONU). The method comprises processing upstream data flows of said plurality of PON operating modes; and processing downstream data flows of the plurality of PON operating modes. The plurality of PON operating modes include at least a Gigabit PON (GPON) mode, a broadband PON (BPON) mode, and an Ethernet PON (EPON).

Abstract: A bandwidth allocator for communicating with communication terminals by transmitting and receiving data packets over a line having its communication bandwidth divided into periods of time of a predetermined length. The allocator includes a controller controlling allocation of the bandwidth by using allocation grants as the periods of time. The controller includes a scheduler scheduling the allocation grants so as to cause one allocation grant to partially overlap as a shared grant with another allocation grant adjacent to the one allocation grant. Thus, the bandwidth allocator can minimize allocation loss, otherwise caused by no allocation to an allocation grant, and improve the use efficiency of the bandwidth.

Abstract: A method for data processing in an optical network includes providing several main wavelengths and processing a subcarrier modulation for the several main wavelengths. An optical network component and a communication system including such an optical network component are also provided.

Abstract: In a first aspect, the method and apparatus of the present disclosure can be used to periodically and/or intermittently place one or more ONUs attached to a PON in a power savings mode so that an OTDR test can be performed. While in the power savings mode, the ONUs temporarily suspend their transmitter function and power down their upstream lasers. In a second aspect, the method and apparatus of the present disclosure can be used to coordinate the performance of OTDR during one or more periodic or intermittent discovery slots used to detect and register ONUs recently connected to the PON. Because new ONUs are infrequently connected to the PON and ONUs already registered are not permitted to transmit during the discovery windows, OTDR can be performed during these windows without impacting, to a great degree, the normal operation of the PON.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an optical network system, an Optical Line Terminal (OLT), an Optical Network Unit (ONU) and an Optical Distribution Network (ODN) apparatus. The system includes: an OLT configured to modulate and encode at least one line of time-division-multiplexed downlink signals, synthesize the downlink signals encoded into one line and then output it, receive uplink signals, and decode the uplink signals received and then output them; an ODN configured to separate the downlink signals received into multiple lines and then output them, synthesize the uplink signals received into one line, and then output it to the OLT; and ONUs configured to receive the downlink signals output from the ODN, decode the downlink signals received and output them, encode one line of time-division-multiplexed uplink signals, and output the uplink signals encoded to the ODN. Decoding of the downlink signals and encoding of the uplink signals can further be implemented by the ODN.

Abstract: A network comprising a first optical line terminal (OLT), and a second OLT in communication with the first OLT, at least one first-type optical network unit (ONU), and at least one second-type ONU. Included is an OLT configured to implement a method comprising forwarding a first downstream data from a first-type OLT to at least one first-type ONU, and transmitting a second downstream data to at least one second-type ONU. Also included is a method comprising adding at least one second-type ONU to a passive optical network (PON) comprising a first-type OLT and at least one first-type ONU without removing the first-type OLT from the PON.

Abstract: Provided is a passive optical network (PON) providing system of an Ethernet-based packet transport layer (PTL) scheme, including: a connection management server to manage a unified PTL connection overall over the network by establishing a PTL connection between an optical network unit (ONU)/optical network terminal (ONT) of a customer termination of one party and an ONU/ONT of a customer termination of another party, and by applying a PTL-PON scheme to a PON section between the ONU/ONT and an optical line termination (OLT); an OLT to manage a connection of a received packet, and to convert a format of the packet according to a transmission direction of the packet and thereby transmit the packet; and an ONU/ONT becoming an end point of the PTL connection to convert the format of the packet according to the transmission direction of the received packet and to thereby transmit the packet to a customer terminal or the OLT.

Abstract: A method removes signal interference in a passive optical network. The passive optical network includes an optical line terminal, a splitting unit coupled with the optical line terminal, an optical network unit coupled with the splitting unit, and an identification signal uniquely associated with the optical network unit. The method includes the steps of sending a first signal, detecting the first signal, comparing the detected first signal with an identification signal and decoupling the optical network unit from the splitting unit if the comparing step results in a mismatch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for negotiating link capability information. The method includes: After a higher order optical channel data unit (ODU) link is established, a second node receives first higher order ODU link capability information supported by a first node at one end of the link, where the second node is located at the other end of the link; determines link capability information according to the first higher order ODU link capability information and second higher order ODU link capability information that is supported by the second node; and sends the link capability information to the first node; or sends the second higher order ODU link capability information to the first node, so that the first node determines the link capability information according to the first higher order ODU link capability information and the second higher order ODU link capability information.

Abstract: A hub node in a wavelength division multiplexed optical network automatically discovers at least one of new client-side optical ports and new edge-side optical ports. The hub node comprises a wavelength switch network, port discovery equipment, and a controller. The wavelength switch network routes any wavelength channel that does not support a matching pair of client-side and edge-side ports to port discovery equipment at the hub node. The port discovery equipment searches for new ports, and, responsive to finding a new port, automatically discovers a predefined set of one or more attributes of the new port. The controller determines that a client-side port and an edge-side port are a matching pair of ports if discovered sets of attributes of those ports match according to one or more predefined rules. The controller then controls the wavelength switch network to re-route the wavelength channel supporting that matching pair between those ports.

Abstract: A hybrid passive optical network (“PON”) includes a time-division multiplexing (“TDM”) optical line terminal (“OLT”) and a wavelength-division multiplexing (“WDM”) OLT. The TDM OLT communicates with a first group of customer premises (“CPs”) via TDM signals while the WDM OLT communicates with a second group of CPs via WDM signals. A remote node power splitter is coupled to receive the TDM and WDM signals and broadcast both the TDM signals and the WDM signals on all of its ports facing towards the CPs. Optical filters are disposed between the remote node power splitter and the second group of CPs. Each optical filter is configured to pass a sub-group of the WDM signals while blocking other WDM signals such that each of the second group of CPs receives its own allocation of WDM signals but does not receive WDM signals allocated to other CPs of the second group of CPs.

Abstract: In a communication line switching method for an optical communications system in which a station-side line terminal apparatus and user-side line terminal apparatuses are connected via a plurality of redundant physical lines, the discovery of the station-side optical line terminal registering the user-side line terminal apparatuses, wherein the registered user-side line terminal apparatuses monitoring a time stamp drift error that is generated when a difference between a time stamp included in a received signal and a local time measured by the own apparatus is larger than a value set in advance and, when the time stamp drift error occurs, shifting to a deregistered state and waiting for registration by the discovery. The station-side line terminal apparatus switches a physical line from a working physical line to a backup physical line of the physical lines.

Abstract: A network apparatus comprising an optical gain medium, a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) filter coupled to the optical gain medium, and a Faraday Rotator Mirror (FRM) coupled to the WDM, and wherein the optical gain medium, the WDM filter, and the FRM are coupled by single mode fibers to form a self-seeded external cavity laser for a DWDM wavelength channel.