Abstract: A CATV system having an aggregator node and at least one compact node. The aggregator node receives downstream signals from a head end and sends upstream signals to the head end. The at least one compact node receives downstream signals from the aggregator node and send upstream signals to the aggregator node. The at least one compact node sends the downstream signal received from the aggregator node to a subscriber positioned in the upstream direction relative to the compact node.

Abstract: A photonic Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) has a first arm with a first photonic waveguide transmitting a first light having a first phase, a second arm with a second photonic waveguide transmitting a second light having a second phase, and a Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) based assembly. The TCO assembly is positioned about the first photonic waveguide of the first arm to modulate the first phase of the first light traveling in the first photonic waveguide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fiber deployment method, storage medium, electronic device and system. The fiber deployment method includes the following steps: S10, traversing all single-mode fiber links and selecting a link for ultra-low loss fiber upgrade with the objective of minimizing the maximum number of frequency slots used in the whole network; and S20, when both an ultra-low loss fiber and a single-mode fiber satisfy the service demand, using preferentially spectrum resources in the single-mode fiber. The fiber deployment method of the present invention is simple and feasible. It allows a more efficient fiber upgrade strategy and more reasonable spectrum resource allocation and can make full use of the existing single-mode fibers in the elastic optical network, thereby allowing more efficient resource utilization.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to inform a user of a safe evacuation guidance route in real time using smart lightings without deploying dedicated evacuation guidance facilities. The present disclosure is a wireless communication system including: one or more wireless base stations that wirelessly communicate with a terminal; a plurality of optical base stations that transmit an optical signal to the terminal; and a base station control device that controls the optical signal transmitted by the optical base stations, wherein the base station control device collects environment information around the optical base stations, detects a disaster around the optical base stations using the collected environment information, and when detecting a disaster, causes the optical base station installed at a position close to a disaster occurrence location and the optical base station installed at a position far from the disaster occurrence location to output light of different colors.

Abstract: An optical transmission power supply cable includes an electric power input terminal, a power sourcing equipment and an optical fiber cable. The power sourcing equipment includes a semiconductor laser that oscillates with electric power input from the electric power input terminal, thereby outputting feed light. The optical fiber cable transmits the feed light from the power sourcing equipment. The optical fiber cable has an electrically insulating property of not conducting electricity in a longer direction thereof.

Abstract: A method of controlling an optical modulator having a first child modulator, a second child modulator, and a parent modulator includes applying a first bias, on which a first dither signal with frequency f1 is superimposed, to the first child modulator, applying a second bias, on which a second dither signal with frequency f2 different from f1 is superimposed, to the second child modulator, applying a third bias, on which a third dither signal with frequency f3 different from both f1 and f2 is superimposed, to the parent modulator. A first error component having the f1 frequency, and a second error component having a beat frequency of f2 and f3 frequencies are detected from the output light from the optical modulator, and a first error signal is generated from the first error component and the second error component to adjust the first bias.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to examples of a light fixture. In one embodiment, the light fixture includes a light source to emit a light, a photo detector to detect an incoming light, a transceiver to receive incoming data and transmit data, a modulator/demodulator to modulate the light with the data and to demodulate the incoming light with the incoming data, and a processor communicatively coupled to the light source, the photo detector, the transceiver, and the modulator/demodulator, wherein the processor is to control the modulator/demodulator to modulate the light at a transmission frequency to transmit the data via the light.

Abstract: Safety power disconnection for remote power distribution in power distribution systems is disclosed. The power distribution system includes one or more power distribution circuits each configured to remotely distribute power from a power source over current carrying power conductors to remote units to provide power for remote unit operations. A remote unit is configured to decouple power from the power conductors thereby disconnecting the load of the remote unit from the power distribution system. A current measurement circuit in the power distribution system measures current flowing on the power conductors and provides a current measurement to the controller circuit. The controller circuit is configured to disconnect the power source from the power conductors for safety reasons in response to detecting a current from the power source in excess of a threshold current level indicating a load.

Abstract: A wireless radio frequency conversion system is disclosed. The wireless radio frequency conversion system includes a wireless radio frequency transmit-receive device, a first conversion device, at least one optical fiber, a second conversion device, and a wireless radio frequency transmission device. The wireless radio frequency transmit-receive device performs a conversion and a transmit-receive manner to at least one radio frequency signal and at least one data signal. The first conversion device performs a conversion to the at least one data signal and at least one optical signal. The optical fiber transmits the at least one optical signal. The second conversion device performs a conversion to the at least one optical signal and the at least one data signal. The wireless radio frequency transmission device performs a conversion and a transmit-receive manner to the at least one data signal and the at least one terminal signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle control panel (15) that comprises:—at least one clickable key (20) to which is assigned at least one function, said key (20) being configured to move at least between an inactive position and an active position in which said function is activated;—a screen (25) for displaying the current function of the key (20). The function is automatically assigned to the key (20) depending on a current parameter of the vehicle equipped with said control panel (15) or on a current context-related parameter.

Abstract: A light receiving unit is disposed so as not to protrude from a lower side surface of a display apparatus. The light receiving unit receives infrared light. A light guide unit guides the infrared light to the light receiving unit. The light guide unit is mounted on the lower side surface of the display apparatus in a demountable manner.

Abstract: An integrated photonics optical gyroscope fabricated on a silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide platform comprises a first silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide layer that constitute a rotation sensing element; and, a second SiN waveguide layer with additional silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide-based optical components that constitute a front-end chip to launch light into and receive light from the rotation sensing element. The two SiN waveguide layers can be stacked together to have a multi-layer configuration vertically coupled with each other. External elements (e.g., laser, detectors, phase shifter) may be made of different material platform than SiN and can be hybridly integrated to the SiN waveguide platform. The phase shifters can be made of lithium niobate or other electro optic material.

Abstract: A system includes a first communications unit, e.g., a transmitter, and a second communications unit, e.g., a receiver. The first communications unit has a controllable illumination device, which emits light modulated according to a predefined data flow, and the second communications unit has a camera, including an optical element and an image sensor. A light-sensitive surface of the image sensor has a plurality of lines of light-sensitive elements, and the image sensor is arranged such that the image of the illumination device projected onto the light-sensitive surface of the image sensor by the optical element is unsharply imaged and/or covers more than half of the light-sensitive surface and is scanned line by line, e.g., so that the image has stripes of different brightness and/or that the brightness profile induced transversely to the line direction spatially indicates the time characteristic of the data flow.

Abstract: A system for data transport in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) includes a plurality of remote Digital Access Units (DAUs) located at a Remote location. The plurality of remote DAUs are coupled to each other and operable to transport digital signals between the plurality of remote DAUs. The system also includes a plurality of central hubs. Each of the plurality of central hubs is in communication with one of the remote DAUs using an electrical communications path. The system further includes a plurality of transmit/receive cells. Each of the plurality of transmit/receive cells includes a plurality of remote hubs. Each of the remote hubs in one of the plurality of transmit/receive cells is in communication with one of the plurality of central hubs using an optical communications path.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various designs for dielectric waveguides, as well as methods of manufacturing such waveguides. One type of dielectric waveguides described herein includes waveguides with one or more cavities in the dielectric waveguide material. Another type of dielectric waveguides described herein includes waveguides with a conductive ridge in the dielectric waveguide material. Dielectric waveguides described herein may be dispersion reduced dielectric waveguides, compared to conventional dielectric waveguides, and may be designed to adjust the difference in the group delay between the lower frequencies and the higher frequencies of a chosen bandwidth.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses associated with a secure stream protocol for a serial interconnect are disclosed herein. In embodiments, an apparatus comprises a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and receiver are configured to transmit and receive transaction layer data packets through a link, the transaction layer data packets including indicators associated with transmission of order set transmitted after a predetermined number of data blocks, when the transmission is during a header suppression mode. Additional features and other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A structure includes an optical interposer attached to a package substrate, wherein the optical interposer includes a silicon waveguide, a first photonic component optically coupled to the silicon waveguide, a second photonic component optically coupled to the silicon waveguide, and an interconnect structure extending over the silicon waveguide, over the first photonic component, and over the second photonic component, wherein the interconnect structure is electrically connected to the first photonic component and to the second photonic component, a first semiconductor device attached to the interconnect structure, wherein the first semiconductor device is electrically connected to the first photonic component through the interconnect structure, and a second semiconductor device attached to the interconnect structure, wherein the second semiconductor device is electrically connected to the second photonic component through the interconnect structure.

Abstract: An air system includes a fuselage, a motor supported by the fuselage, a propeller coupled to the motor, a fuel cell-based power generator supported by the fuselage and the motor, and a satellite communication system coupled to the fuel cell system. The generator includes a hydrogen generator, a fuel cell having an anode and a cathode, a cathode loop configured to provide oxygen to the cathode, an anode loop configured to provide hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generator to the anode, and an electrical connector coupled to the fuel cell to provide electricity generated by the fuel cell to the motor.

Abstract: A method includes: providing cable modem identification information of a specific cable modem device and infrastructure identification information of a specific coaxial infrastructure access point is provided to an operations support system of a telecommunications network; transmitting the cable modem identification information, the infrastructure identification information, and line identification information to an access orchestrator entity of the telecommunications network; and performing or triggering attachment to the broadband access network using the specific coaxial infrastructure access point and a specific hybrid fiber coaxial network equipment.

Abstract: An optical transceiver according to an embodiment includes an optical receptacle, two optical sub-assemblies, and a circuit board having a upper surface, on which the optical sub-assembly on the rear side is installed on the opposite side of an external connector to the optical receptacle on the upper surface and the optical sub-assembly on the front side is installed between the optical receptacle and the optical sub-assembly on the rear side on the upper surface. Each of the optical sub-assemblies includes an optical sub-assembly substrate on which an optical device is mounted, a lens part that covers the optical device and that is optically coupled to the optical receptacle, and a frame. A part of the frame of the optical sub-assembly on the front side is pressed by the optical sub-assembly substrate of the optical sub-assembly on the rear side toward the circuit board.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide for a method of transmitting state information using free-space optical communication. The method includes using one or more processors of a first communication device to collect state information of the first communication device. A supervisor signal that carries the state information is transmitted from the first communication device along with a beacon beam in a first solid angle. The supervisor signal is a frequency different from the one or more frequencies of the beacon beam. When a communication link is established between the first communication device and a second communication device, a plurality of data packets is transmitted from the first communication device to the second communication device in a second solid angle smaller than the first solid angle. A subset of the plurality of data packets that do not carry client data carries the state information of the first communication device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for an optical beam-steering device that includes an optical transmitter and/or receiver to transmit and/or receive optical radiation from an optically reflective surface. An array of adjustable dielectric resonator elements is arranged on the surface with inter-element spacings less than an optical operating wavelength. A controller applies a pattern of voltage differentials to the adjustable dielectric resonator elements. The pattern of voltage differentials corresponds to a sub-wavelength reflection phase pattern for reflecting the optical electromagnetic radiation. One embodiment of a dielectric resonator element includes first and second dielectric members extending from the surface. The dielectric resonator elements are spaced from one another to form a gap or channel therebetween. A voltage-controlled adjustable refractive index material is disposed within the gap.

Abstract: A distribution point unit (DPU) circuit associated with a communication system configured to be coupled to a central office management (COM) circuit over fiber, is disclosed. The DPU circuit comprises one or more processors configured to provide one or more upstream data signals in digital domain or analog domain, to the COM circuit over fiber. In some embodiments, the one or more upstream data signals are associated with one or more modem circuits respectively coupled to one or more lines associated with the DPU circuit. In some embodiments, the one or more processors is further configured to receive one or more downstream data signals from the COM circuit over fiber, in digital domain or analog domain. In some embodiments, the one or more downstream data signals are to be provided to the one or more modem circuits respectively coupled to the one or more lines associated with the DPU circuit.

Abstract: A transceiver assembly for mounting on a mother board, said transceiver assembly comprising: (a) a frame defining a first plane configured for mounting parallel to said motherboard, said frame defining a plurality of slots perpendicular to said first plane; and (b) one or more opto-electric cards, each of said one or more opto-electric cards disposed in one of said plurality of slots and comprising at least, (i) a substrate having a first edge parallel to said first plane when said opto-electric card is mounted in said slot, (ii) an electrical interface along said first edge, (iii) and an interposer electrically connected to said electrical interface and comprising at least one optical component operatively connected to said electrical interface, and (iv) at least one optical fiber extending freely from said interposer.

Abstract: A base station apparatus includes a ground station device and a plurality of ground antenna devices coupled to the ground station device via an optical transmission path. The ground station device performs electrical-optical conversion on an analog electrical signal to be transmitted to a mobile station and a reference clock signal to generate optical signals, performs wavelength division multiplexing on the obtained optical signals to generate a multiplexed optical signal, and outputs the multiplexed optical signal to the optical transmission path.

Abstract: A hotspot comprises WAN interfaces, each WAN interface coupleable with a wireless WAN, at least two wireless WANs including at least two cellular WANs, at least two WAN interfaces including two ports configured to receive two SIMs, each SIM for connecting over a cellular WAN, each WAN interface disposed in or couple to a housing; a LAN interface coupleable with a network-enabled device over a LAN, the LAN interface disposed or coupled to the housing; and an aggregator configured to use a distribution protocol to identify two or more WAN interfaces in response to a data connection request; receive outgoing data from the device; partition the outgoing data for transfer over the two or more WAN interfaces; transfer the partitioned outgoing data to the two or more WAN interfaces; receive incoming data from the two or more WAN interfaces; and transfer the directed incoming data to the device.

Abstract: One example of an optical jumper includes an optical cable, a first connector, a second connector, and a tag. The first connector is optically coupled to a first end of the optical cable. The second connector is optically coupled to a second end of the optical cable. The tag is coupled to the first connector and stores data identifying the optical cable, the first connector, and the second connector. The tag is readable by a system with the first connector optically coupled to the system.

Abstract: An optical transmission system of an embodiment connects a plurality of wireless communication systems to each other, and includes a wavelength allocation unit that allocates different wavelengths to optical-terminating devices to which the wireless communication systems next to each other are connected, on the basis of the physical arrangement of each of the plurality of wireless communication system.

Abstract: A photonic microwave down-conversion system and method. The oscillation loop includes an electro-optic modulator, optical narrow-band notch filter, photodetector and electrical combiner which has the function of generating the local oscillator signal. The frequency of the local oscillator signal can be flexibly adjusted by changing the lightwave frequency output from the wavelength tunable laser. The phase modulation function of the electro-optic modulator enables no RF signal output from the down-conversion photodetector It can not only down convert the RF signals with different frequencies to the intermediate frequency signals with the same frequency, but also can down convert the RF signals with the same frequency to the intermediate frequency signals with different frequencies. This can effectively overcome the limitations of complicated structure, poor RF isolation and difficulty in flexible tuning for microwave down-conversion system in the prior arts.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide for a method of transmitting state information using free-space optical communication. The method includes using one or more processors of a first communication device to collect state information of the first communication device. A supervisor signal that carries the state information is transmitted from the first communication device along with a beacon beam in a first solid angle. The supervisor signal is a frequency different from the one or more frequencies of the beacon beam. When a communication link is established between the first communication device and a second communication device, a plurality of data packets is transmitted from the first communication device to the second communication device in a second solid angle smaller than the first solid angle. A subset of the plurality of data packets that do not carry client data carries the state information of the first communication device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, architectures, mechanisms or apparatus for receiving and storing electromagnetic pulses using photonics includes a transmission unit transmitting electromagnetic pulses; an antenna receiving electromagnetic pulses reflected from a target; an optical recirculation loop for storing replica received electromagnetic pulses; and a processor for extracting target related phase information from the replica received electromagnetic pulses.

Abstract: A patch cable and system for interconnecting a pair of terminals, each of the terminals comprising a terminal RFID transponder comprising a unique ID, and for use with a cradle comprising a cradle RFID antenna. The patch cable comprises a pair of connectors, one of the connectors at each end of and interconnected by a guided transmission medium, a connector RFID antenna associated with each of the pair of connectors, a cable RFID transponder positioned along the patch cable between the connectors for communicating with the cradle RFID antenna. When the cable RFID transponder is brought into proximity with the cradle RFID antenna, RF signals emitted by the cradle RFID antenna provide power to and communications with the cable RFID transponder for powering the connector RFID antennas and retrieving the unique IDs of the pair of terminals and communicating the unique IDs to the cradle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for an optical beam-steering device that includes an optical transmitter and/or receiver to transmit and/or receive optical radiation from an optically reflective surface. An array of adjustable plasmonic resonant waveguides is arranged on the surface with inter-element spacings less than an optical operating wavelength. A controller applies a pattern of voltage differentials to the adjustable plasmonic resonant waveguides. The pattern of voltage differentials corresponds to a sub-wavelength reflection phase pattern for reflecting the optical electromagnetic radiation. One embodiment of an adjustable plasmonic resonant waveguide includes first and second metal rails extending from the surface. The metal rails are spaced from one another to form channel therebetween. An electrically-adjustable dielectric is disposed within the channel.

Abstract: An adapter includes an electrical male connector, an electrical female connector, an electronic circuit and one or more visual indicators. The electrical male connector is configured for plugging into a receptacle of a first electro-optical transceiver type having N signal lanes. The electrical female connector is configured to receive a male connector of a second electro-optical transceiver type having M signal lanes, M smaller than N. The electronic circuit is configured to route a partial subset of M signal lanes from among the N signal lanes, between the electrical male connector and the electrical female connector. One or more visual indicators are configured to display a status of one or more network ports mapped to one or more of the signal lanes in the partial subset.

Abstract: Optical signal receivers and methods are provided that include an optical resonator that allows optical signal energy of multiple wavelengths to enter and accumulate inside the optical resonator. A portion of optical signal energy of each wavelength is emitted from the optical resonator at an output, and the individual wavelengths may be separated. A detector aligned with the output detects the emitted optical signal energy of at least one of the wavelengths. The detector is configured to detect disturbances to the emitted optical signal energy and determine a modulated characteristic in the received optical signal energy of the wavelength.

Abstract: A method of recovering a synchronization detection error according to an embodiment includes: determining whether a base station signal input to a head-end device is detected; determining whether a head-end signal output from the head-end device, which is obtained by processing the base station signal by the head-end device, is detected by a lower device of the head-end device; determining whether synchronization of the head-end signal is detected based on the head-end signal input to the lower device; and changing a set frequency band or performing automatic gain control of the head-end device based on whether the base station signal is detected, whether the head-end signal is detected, and whether the synchronization of the head-end signal is detected

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide for a method of transmitting state information using free-space optical communication. The method includes using one or more processors of a first communication device to collect state information of the first communication device. A supervisor signal that carries the state information is transmitted from the first communication device along with a beacon beam in a first solid angle. The supervisor signal is a frequency different from the one or more frequencies of the beacon beam. When a communication link is established between the first communication device and a second communication device, a plurality of data packets is transmitted from the first communication device to the second communication device in a second solid angle smaller than the first solid angle. A subset of the plurality of data packets that do not carry client data carries the state information of the first communication device.

Abstract: A plurality of one-dimensional planar beam forming and steering optical phased array chips form a two-dimensional-scanning solid-state lidar, enabling manufacturing of three-dimensional mapping time-of-flight lidars at high yield and low cost resulting from the simplicity of said one-dimensional optical phased array chips.

Abstract: An access control device includes a time of flight circuit configured to determine a distance information related to a distance between the access control device and a peripheral device. The access control device further includes a control module configured to control a transmission of a modulated light transmit signal by the time of flight circuit to the peripheral device. The modulated light transmit signal includes the distance information determined by the time of flight circuit of the access control device.

Abstract: In photonic integrated circuits implemented in silicon-on-insulator substrates, non-conductive channels formed, in accordance with various embodiments, in the silicon device layer and/or the silicon handle of the substrate in regions underneath radio-frequency transmission lines of photonic devices can provide breaks in parasitic conductive layers of the substrate, thereby reducing radio-frequency substrate losses.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing leaked downlink interference signals in a remote unit uplink path(s) in a distributed antenna system (DAS) are provided. In a remote antenna unit (RAU) disclosed herein, a downlink interference signal may be leaked from a downlink path to an uplink path in the RAU. In this regard, an adjustment circuit is provided in the downlink path of the RAU to suppress the downlink interference signal. A control system is provided in the DAS to monitor the leaked downlink interference signal and control the adjustment circuit in the RAU to minimize the leaked downlink interference signal in the uplink path. By providing the adjustment circuit in the RAU and the control system in the DAS to minimize the leaked downlink interference signal in the uplink path, it is possible to reduce interferences between downlink and uplink communications signals without increasing costs of the RAU.

Abstract: A plurality of one-dimensional planar beam forming and steering optical phased array chips form a two-dimensional-scanning solid-state lidar, enabling manufacturing of three-dimensional mapping time-of-flight lidars at high yield and low cost resulting from the simplicity of said one-dimensional optical phased array chips.

Abstract: Method and system for bidirectional exchange of data with a mobile apparatus through at least one leaky optical fiber. An optical reception module of the mobile apparatus receives an incoming optical signal optically leaked from the leaky optical fiber. An optical to electrical conversion module of the mobile apparatus converts the incoming optical signal into an incoming electrical signal. A control unit of the mobile apparatus processes the incoming electrical signal to extract incoming data from the incoming electrical signal, and processes outgoing data to generate an outgoing electrical signal transporting the outgoing data. An electrical to optical conversion module of the mobile apparatus converts the outgoing electrical signal into an outgoing optical signal. An optical transmission module of the mobile apparatus injects the outgoing optical signal into the leaky optical fiber. For example, the fiber is positioned along a path of a rail-guided trolley travelling along a rail.

Abstract: A system, method, and device for RF upconversion. The system can include a laser, two EAMs, a photonic filter, a photonic service filter, two photodiodes, and a mixer. The first EAM can convert a received RF signal into the photonic domain by modulating an optical signal (received from the laser) based on the received RF signal to output a modulated optical signal. The photonic filter can output a filtered optical signal based on the modulated optical signal to the first photodiode which can output a filtered RF signal in the RF domain. The second EAM can output an LO modulated optical signal based on a received LO to the service filter which can output a filtered LO optical signal to the second photodiode which can output a filtered LO signal in the RF domain. The mixer can mix the filtered RF and LO signals to generate an IF signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a front-end system for a radio device comprising: a charge generator circuit arranged for receiving a digital baseband signal, a first converter circuit arranged for calculating at least one charge value based on the digital baseband signal, a second converter circuit arranged for converting the at least one charge value into at least one electrical charge, and a modulator circuit arranged for generating a radio frequency signal based on the at least one electrical charge and at least one local oscillator signal.

Abstract: A terahertz imager includes an array of pixel circuits. Each pixel circuit has an antenna and a detector. The detector is coupled to differential output terminals of the antenna. A frequency oscillator is configured to generate a frequency signal on an output line. The output line is coupled to an input terminal of the antenna of at least one of the pixel circuits.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing leaked downlink interference signals in a remote unit uplink path(s) in a distributed antenna system (DAS) are provided. In a remote antenna unit (RAU) disclosed herein, a downlink interference signal may be leaked from a downlink path to an uplink path in the RAU. In this regard, an adjustment circuit is provided in the downlink path of the RAU to suppress the downlink interference signal. A control system is provided in the DAS to monitor the leaked downlink interference signal and control the adjustment circuit in the RAU to minimize the leaked downlink interference signal in the uplink path. By providing the adjustment circuit in the RAU and the control system in the DAS to minimize the leaked downlink interference signal in the uplink path, it is possible to reduce interferences between downlink and uplink communications signals without increasing costs of the RAU.

Abstract: A fiber-optic based communication system for facilitating communication between a client device, such as a hand-held computing device, and a host device, such as a desktop computer, a lap-top computer, a tablet device or any other computing device. The communication system includes a cable comprising electronic devices positioned at terminal ends of an optical fiber that provides for communication between the client device and the host device, and the communication occurs via electromagnetic coupling in the near field at at least one end of the cable.

Abstract: An optical medium, such as fiber, is tapped to provide an antenna port wherever radio service coverage is desired. Each antenna port is a bi-directional remote unit that receives a digital optical signal from a host unit and transforms the signal to a radio frequency signal for transmission by the remote unit. The remote unit receives radio frequency signals that are converted to digital signals and summed with signals from other remote units and converted to an optical signal for transmission to the host unit.

Abstract: An optical medium, such as fiber, is tapped to provide an antenna port wherever radio service coverage is desired. Each antenna port is a bi-directional remote unit that receives a digital optical signal from a host unit and transforms the signal to a radio frequency signal for transmission by the remote unit. The remote unit receives radio frequency signals that are converted to digital signals and summed with signals from other remote units and converted to an optical signal for transmission to the host unit.