Abstract: A signal generation method and an electronic device pertain to the field of communications technologies, and include normalizing an I path of four-level signals and a Q path of four-level signals to obtain a normalized I path of four-level signals and a normalized Q path of four-level signals, mapping the normalized I path of four-level signals and the normalized Q path of four-level signals based on a normalization coefficient to obtain two paths of six-level signals, and driving a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM) based on the six-level signals.

Abstract: Concepts and technologies directed to wireless power transfer network management are disclosed herein. Embodiments of a system can include an optical beamforming transmitter, a processor, and a memory that stores computer-executable instructions that configure a processor to perform operations. The operations can include receiving a power charge message that requests wireless power transfer to charge a battery system of a wirelessly chargeable equipment. The operations can include detecting that the wirelessly chargeable equipment is within a power transfer range of the optical beamforming transmitter. The operations can include determining that the wirelessly chargeable equipment is not stationary. The operations can include tracking movement of the wirelessly chargeable equipment and activating the optical beamforming transmitter that provides wireless power transfer to the wirelessly chargeable equipment while the wirelessly chargeable equipment is within the power transfer range.

Abstract: A method and structure for probabilistic shaping and compensation techniques in coherent optical receivers. According to an example, the present invention provides a method and structure for an implementation of distribution matcher encoders and decoders for probabilistic shaping applications. The techniques involved avoid the traditional implementations based on arithmetic coding, which requires intensive multiplication functions. Furthermore, these probabilistic shaping techniques can be used in combination with LDPC codes through reverse concatenation techniques.

Abstract: An uplink subsystem for use in an illumination system arranged for optical communication as well as the illumination system, the system comprising a downlink subsystem and the uplink subsystem. The uplink subsystem comprises sensors (e.g. infrared sensor) embedded in each luminaire in the group. The uplink subsystem also comprises a demodulator, and a distribution network for supplying the signals sensed to an adaptor to combine instances of the sensed uplink signal in a manner that takes into account a Time Division Medium Access scheme and a demodulator to demodulated the combined signal. The system further comprising a downlink subsystem that in turn comprises a modulator for generating a modulated waveform, and an optical fiber distribution network to distribute the modulated waveform to each luminaire in a group. Each such luminaire generates a drive current for driving a lighting element of that luminaire to emit light.

Abstract: An LED light and communication system is in communication with a broadband over power line communications system. The LED light and communication system includes at least one optical transceiver light fixture. The optical transceiver light fixture includes a plurality of light emitting diodes, at least one photodetector, and a processor. A facility control unit is in communication with the light emitting diode light fixtures and a control server. The facility control unit is constructed and arranged to control the operation of the optical transceiver light fixtures.

Abstract: A waveform matching based optical digital signal receiving device sequentially comprises an optical arbitrary waveform generator unit, an electro-optic modulator unit, an opto-electric converter unit, an electric filter unit, a sampling and judging module, a digital signal processing unit and a bit-timing extracting module. Accordingly, signal matched filtering, sampling and judgment can be effectively carried out in the optical domain, and the influence of noises on signal reception can be eliminated to the maximum extent, thereby achieving accurate detection and reception of signals. Meanwhile, compared with a conventional electric receiving device, the digital signal receiving device provided by the present invention breaks the limitation of “electronic bottleneck,” and greatly improves the bandwidth of signal reception, which allows digital signal reception at a higher speed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for coherently modulating and demodulating coherent optical signals using 5-bit constellations. The 5-bit constellations have improved suitability for short reach optical communications systems. A first 5-bit constellation can be formed from four rings. The first and fourth rings can form quadrature phase-shift keyed four-symbol sub-constellations, and the second and third rings can form phase-shift keyed twelve symbol constellations. Symbols from the third and fourth sub-constellations are arranged to form a square. A second 5-bit constellation can include an inner 16 symbol sub-constellation and an sixteen symbol outer sub-constellation. Each of the symbols of the inner sub-constellation are equally spaced from its nearest neighboring symbols along both the quadrature and in-phase axes. Each of the symbols in the outer constellation has an equal euclidean-distance with its nearest neighboring symbols in the outer sub-constellation.

Abstract: An embodiment of the inventive concept includes an optical signal generating circuit, a controlling circuit, a waveform shaping circuit, and an output circuit. The optical signal generating circuit generates a first optical signal including pulses. The controlling circuit generates a control signal indicating a first pulse to be attenuated in magnitude among the pulses. The waveform shaping circuit attenuates a magnitude of the first pulse based on the control signal and the first optical signal, and generates a second optical signal including pulses corresponding to the pulses included in the first optical signal and the first pulse having the attenuated magnitude. The output circuit outputs an electric signal of bands corresponding to differences between frequencies of the pulses included in the second optical signal based on the second optical signal. A band corresponding to the first pulse among the bands of the electric signal is adjusted as the magnitude of the first pulse is attenuated.

Abstract: Described herein are optical sensing devices for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). A PIC may comprise a plurality of waveguides formed in a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate, and a plurality of heterogeneous lasers, each laser formed from a silicon material of the SOI substrate and to emit an output wavelength comprising an infrared wavelength. Each of these lasers may comprise a resonant cavity included in one of the plurality of waveguides, and a gain material comprising a non-silicon material and adiabatically coupled to the respective waveguide. A light directing element may direct outputs of the plurality of heterogeneous lasers from the PIC towards an object, and one or more detectors may detect light from the plurality of heterogeneous lasers reflected from or transmitted through the object.

Abstract: The present application discloses a signal transmitting device based on visible light communication, which includes a first control unit and a visible light emitting unit array, wherein the first control unit is configured to acquire target data and generate a light emission control instruction based on the target data according to a set encoding rule, and the light emission control instruction includes an instruction for controlling the light-dark state of each light emitting unit in the visible light emitting unit array, and the visible light emitting unit array is configured to transmit the target data in form of a visible light signal according to the light emission control instruction. The present application further discloses a signal receiving device based on visible light communication, a visible light communication system and a visible light communication method.

Abstract: Enhancements in optical beam propagation performance can be realized through the utilization of ultra-short pulse laser (USPL) sources for laser transmit platforms, which are can be used throughout the telecommunication network infrastructure fabric. One or more of the described and illustrated features of USPL free space-optical (USPL-FSO) laser communications can be used in improving optical propagation through the atmosphere, for example by mitigating optical attenuation and scintillation effects, thereby enhancing effective system availability as well as link budget considerations, as evidenced through experimental studies and theoretical calculations between USPL and fog related atmospheric events.

Abstract: A photo detector is selectively coupled to a first integrator or a second integrator with switching circuitry when the laser pulses. An integration time of the signal from the photo detector can be substantially greater than an amount of time between successive laser beam pulses in order to provide an accurate measurement of each laser beam pulse of a high repetition rate pulsed laser. The laser may comprise a clock coupled to an optical switch of the laser system, and control circuitry can control switching and coupling of the detector to the first integrator or the second integrator in response to the clock signal. The first integrator and the second integrator can be selectively coupled to an output such that the first integrator or the second integrator is coupled to the output of the energy detection circuitry when the other integrator is coupled to the detector.

Abstract: One example of a system includes an optical modulator, a push-pull driver, and a compensation circuit. The optical modulator has a nonlinear capacitance. The push-pull driver is electrically coupled across the optical modulator. The push-pull driver charges the capacitance in response to a logic ‘1’ of a level-shifted differential signal and discharges the capacitance in response to a logic ‘0’ of the level-shifted differential signal. The compensation circuit increases the speed of the discharge of the capacitance in response to the level-shifted differential signal transitioning from a logic ‘1’ to a logic ‘0’.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical data transmitter comprising an optical source of temporally incoherent light, an optical power splitter, an optical mode multiplexer, and a plurality of optical paths. The optical power splitter has an optical input and a plurality of optical outputs. The optical input is connected to receive the temporally incoherent light from the source. The optical mode multiplexer has a plurality of optical inputs and an optical output for connecting to a near end of an all-optical transmission fiber line. Each optical path connects a corresponding one of the optical outputs of the optical power splitter to a corresponding one of the optical inputs of the optical mode multiplexer. One or more of the optical paths of the plurality has or have an optical data modulator. A remaining one of the optical paths of the plurality is configured to transmit reference light from the optical power splitter to optical mode multiplexer.

Abstract: A method and structure for probabilistic shaping and compensation techniques in coherent optical receivers. According to an example, the present invention provides a method and structure for an implementation of distribution matcher encoders and decoders for probabilistic shaping applications. The techniques involved avoid the traditional implementations based on arithmetic coding, which requires intensive multiplication functions. Furthermore, these probabilistic shaping techniques can be used in combination with LDPC codes through reverse concatenation techniques.

Abstract: A method of operating a group of lamps in a multi-lamp luminaire, each lamp being operable to emit respective illumination embedded with a predetermined coded light message, and each comprising a respective local controller; wherein the method comprises: communicating between the local controllers of the lamps within the multi-lamp luminaire in order to coordinate that unsynchronized instances of said coded light message are not transmitted from different ones of the lamps in the multi-lamp luminaire.

Abstract: An optical module includes a semiconductor laser and a linear polarizer that is disposed in an emission direction of the semiconductor laser and that is configured to transmit, of light emitted by the semiconductor laser, only light containing a linearly polarized light component in a specific direction.

Abstract: There is provided a method of transmitting a visible light signal in visible light communication, including binarizing data to be transmitted into a binary bit representation, encoding the data for transmission by modulating one or more of a plurality of light emitting regions between a first state and a second state based on the binary bit representation of the data, and transmitting the visible light signal in the form of light emitted by one or more of the plurality of modulated light emitting regions, the visible light signal being decodable to obtain the data. There is also provided a method of transmitting a visible light signal in visible light communication which includes modulating one or more second sets of light emitting regions within the capture region between a first state and a second state based on the bit representations of one or more previous data for enabling error detection. Corresponding methods of receiving a visible light signal and systems are also provided.

Abstract: An optical transmitter is operative to generate, from a plurality of encoded client bits, a set of symbols exhibiting non-uniform visitation probabilities in at least one dimension, to encode the set of symbols across a plurality of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) subcarriers, and to transmit an optical signal comprising the plurality of FDM subcarriers across which the set of symbols is encoded. An optical receiver is operative to decode a set of symbol estimates from a plurality of FDM subcarriers, the symbol estimates comprising estimates of symbols exhibiting non-uniform visitation probabilities in at least one dimension, and to recover client bits from the set of symbol estimates.

Abstract: A communication network includes a coherent optics transmitter, a coherent optics receiver, an optical transport medium operably coupling the coherent optics transmitter to the coherent optics receiver, and a coherent optics interface. The coherent optics interface includes a lineside interface portion, a clientside interface portion, and a control interface portion.

Abstract: A method for forming a silicon photonics interposer having through-silicon vias (TSVs). The method includes forming vias in a front side of a silicon substrate and defining primary structures for forming optical devices in the front side. Additionally, the method includes bonding a first handle wafer to the front side and thinning down the silicon substrate from the back side and forming bumps at the back side to couple with a conductive material in the vias. Furthermore, the method includes bonding a second handle wafer to the back side and debonding the first handle wafer from the front side to form secondary structures based on the primary structures. Moreover, the method includes forming pads at the front side to couple with the bumps at the back side before completing final structures based on the secondary structures and debonding the second handle wafer from the back side.

Abstract: An optical modulator having a small-sized circuit and a smaller voltage drop in a terminating resistor is provided. The optical modulator includes first and second optical waveguides, a first electrode inputting a first high frequency signal into the first optical waveguide, a second electrode inputting a second high frequency signal having a reverse phase relative to the first high frequency signal into the second optical waveguide, a first terminating resistor connected to the first electrode, a second terminating resistor connected to the second electrode, a connection point connecting the first and second electrodes via the first and second terminating resistors, and a DC voltage supply connected to the connection point. A resistance value of the first terminating resistor is equal to a characteristic impedance of the first electrode. A resistance value of the second terminating resistor is equal to a characteristic impedance of the second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for demodulating a signal. The method comprises: obtaining a received signal, wherein the received signal comprises a phase noise signal; establishing a likelihood probability ratio integral model on the basis of the received signal and a preset phase noise parameter, wherein the phase noise parameter represents the phase noise signal and is a random variable; performing phase rotation angle extraction and transformation processing and discretization processing on the likelihood probability ratio integral model to obtain a likelihood probability ratio discrete model, wherein the phase rotation angle represents the phase rotation angle obtained on the basis of the phase noise signal; and determining a likelihood probability ratio corresponding to the received signal on the basis of the likelihood probability ratio discrete model to obtain a demodulation result.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for decoding a combined AM/FM encoded signal, comprising the steps of: combining said encoded optical signal with light from a local oscillator configured with a local oscillator frequency; converting the combined local oscillator and encoded optical signal into one or more electrical signals by means of at least one opto-electrical converter having a predefined frequency bandwidth, thereby providing an amplified and encoded electrical signal having one or more encoded signal current(s), where one type of states have a higher oscillation frequency than other type of states; rectifying the encoded signal current(s), thereby obtaining an encoded power spectrum, wherein said power spectrum has different states, such as “0”-states and “1”-states, with different power levels such that they can be discriminated, said local oscillator frequency is defined by a positive local oscillator frequency-offset from the frequency of one of the states in said encoded optical signal,

Abstract: An optical multiplexer including an optical waveguide block including a plurality of waveguides for adjusting an optical path of the plurality of optical signals. Optical signals generated in light sources having different wavelengths are input to ports of one side that is an input end of the optical waveguide block, propagated through waveguides connected to the ports, and output to ports of another side that is an output end of the optical wavelength block. Intervals between the waveguides decrease in a direction from the input end to the output end. Intervals between the ports of the input end are smaller than intervals between the ports of the output end. The optical waveguide block has a structure in which at least one layer having at least one waveguide is laminated.

Abstract: A transceiver block for multi-user, duplex, wireless access system architecture called Multi Carrier Frequency Modulated Spread Spectrum System (MC FM SS). Here symbols are transmitted at multiple subcarriers where each subcarrier is FM or phase encoded with the data. The data is spread in time/bandwidth using a pseudo-random (PN) sequence. In one realization the transmission is performed with the guard ring carriers and/or pilot subcarriers of an Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing, OFDM, system carried on the main RF carrier. The MC FM SS transmits the data symbol over N subcarriers, with each subcarrier encoded in frequency or phase. In Variable Spreading Factor Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing, VSF OFDM, by DoCoMo Japan with 1024 (which can increase to e.g. 6144) carriers are proposed in Long Term Evolution (LTE) 4G system in the down link direction and 2 carriers MC DS CDMA are used in the uplink direction.

Abstract: A laser including: a gain chip; an external cavity incorporating a Bragg grating; and a baseplate; wherein a first end of the gain chip has a high reflectivity facet forming a first end of the laser cavity; a second end of the gain chip has a low reflectivity facet; and a second part of the external cavity comprises a Bragg grating, supported by the baseplate, the temperature of the baseplate being maintained through a feedback loop; wherein the optical length of the external cavity is at least an order of magnitude greater than the optical length of the gain chip; wherein the Bragg grating is physically long and occupies a majority of the length of the external cavity and is apodized to control the sidemodes of the grating reflection.

Abstract: In a modulation system that modulates and transmits an optical signal over at least one optical fiber in response to an input digital data word of N bits, there is an input enabled for receiving the digital data word; an electrically controllable modulator having one or more waveguide branches, where each branch receives an input of an unmodulated optical signal; and a digital to digital converter enabled for converting the N bits to a digital drive vector corresponding to M drive voltage values, where M>N and N>1. The electrically controllable modulator couples the drive voltage values to the unmodulated optical signal(s). The coupling enables pulse modulation of the unmodulated optical signal(s) thereby generating pulse modulated optical signal(s). The electrically controllable modulator outputs the pulse modulated optical signal(s) to one or more outputs that are enabled for transmitting the pulse modulated optical signal(s) over at least one optical fiber.

Abstract: Remote controllers, positioning systems, and methods configured for the efficient assignment of addresses in a coded lighting positioning system are proposed. Particularly, a proposed remote controller comprises a receiver for receiving coded light from a light source in a coded lighting positioning system, where the coded light comprises an initial light source identifier of the light source. The remote controller also comprises a processing unit for assigning a modified light source identifier to the light source based on the received coded light, and a transmitter for transmitting the modified light source identifier to the light source. The modified light source identifier is a locally unique identifier used to provide positional information.

Abstract: A method and device is provided for reducing optical transmission impairments, particularly nonlinear effects, of at least one link Said method comprising the following steps: extracting a phase information (??) from an optical signal (120) received via that at least one link, determining a nonlinear coefficient (?), associated with the at least one link, based on the phase information (??), applying a control mechanism (202) using the nonlinear coefficient (?). Furthermore, a communication system is suggested comprising said device.

Abstract: An optical time distributor includes: a master clock including: a master comb; a transfer comb; and a free-space optical terminal; and a remote clock in optical communication with the master clock via a free space link and including: a remote comb that produces: a remote clock coherent optical pulse train output; a remote coherent optical pulse train; a free-space optical terminal in optical communication: with the remote comb; and with the free-space optical terminal of the master clock via the free space link, and that: receives the remote coherent optical pulse train from the remote comb; receives the master optical signal from the free-space optical terminal of the master clock; produces the remote optical signal in response to receipt of the remote coherent optical pulse train; and communicates the remote optical signal to the free-space optical terminal of the master clock.

Abstract: A dummy-light generating device includes a continuous wave (CW) light source that outputs CW light, a modulated-light generating unit that generates, using the CW light, first intensity-modulated light subjected to intensity modulation and second intensity-modulated light delayed by a half time of a modulation cycle of the first intensity-modulated light with respect to the first intensity-modulated light and having a polarization state e different from a polarization state e of the first intensity-modulated light, and a polarization combiner that performs polarization combination of the first intensity-modulated light and second intensity-modulated light and outputs light after the polarization combination as dummy light.

Abstract: Consistent with the present disclosure, an optical communication system is provided in which data is carried over optical signals including subcarriers. The subcarriers may be modulated with the standard modulation formats noted above, but the modulation formats are selectively assigned to the subcarriers, such that some subcarriers are modulated with different standard modulation formats than others. As used herein, a “standard modulation format” is one of BPSK, and n-QAM, where n is an integer greater than one. Such n-QAM modulation formats include of 3-QAM, 4-QAM (QPSK), 8-QAM, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, and 256-QAM. By selecting the number of subcarriers and the types of modulation formats employed, an optical signal with an effective SE that is between that of the standard modulation formats can be generated for transmission over a distances that more closely matches the link distance.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus includes an optical transceiver having a photo diode and a processor configured to be operatively coupled to the photo diode. The photo diode is configured to measure a set of receiver optical power (ROP) values at a set of baud rate values. The processor is configured to measure a set of bit error rate (BER) values of a digital modulated signal at the set of baud rate values. The processor is configured to determine an estimated optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) value at a baud rate value from the set of baud rate values based on the set of ROP values and the set of BER values. The processor is configured to send a signal indicating the estimated OSNR value at the baud rate value such that a planned route is selected to send data signals based on the estimated OSNR value.

Abstract: In order to provide an optical modulator capable of controlling a bias voltage to correspond to transmission characteristics of a modulation means even when a multi-level modulation scheme is applied, an optical modulator 10 is provided with: an amplitude information control means 20that generates amplitude information for controlling the amplitude of an information signal to correspond to transmission characteristics of a modulation means 50, adds a dither signal to the amplitude information, and outputs the amplitude information; a bias value control means 30 that generates and outputs a bias value for controlling the center of the amplitude of the information signal to correspond to the transmission characteristics of the modulation means 50; a data output means 40 that corrects the amplitude of information data on the basis of the amplitude information, and outputs the information data as the information signal; the modulation means 50 that corrects the center of the amplitude of the information signal on

Abstract: A dummy-light generating device includes a continuous wave (CW) light source that outputs CW light, a modulated-light generating unit that generates, using the CW light, first intensity-modulated light subjected to intensity modulation and second intensity-modulated light delayed by a half time of a modulation cycle of the first intensity-modulated light with respect to the first intensity-modulated light and having a polarization state e different from a polarization state e of the first intensity-modulated light, and a polarization combiner that performs polarization combination of the first intensity-modulated light and second intensity-modulated light and outputs light after the polarization combination as dummy light.

Abstract: An optical signal generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a first optical intensity modulator for modulating a first optical signal to generate a 2N-level (where N is a positive integer) second optical signal in the form of a binary signal, a first optical amplifier for amplifying the second optical signal to generate a third optical signal, and a second optical intensity modulator for modulating the third optical signal to generate a 2N+1-level fourth optical signal in the form of a binary signal. The optical signal generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept may generate a low-cost, high-quality optical signal by using an optical device to generate a multi-level optical signal. Additionally, the optical signal generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the inventive concept may generate a multi-level optical signal by sequentially performing optical modulation and optical amplification operations.

Abstract: The invention is directed at a remote control device for controlling one or more user devices, comprising a directional optical sensor for receiving one or more optical signals from the user devices and for detecting an incoming direction of said received optical signals, and a processor. For identification of at least one of said user devices, the processor is arranged for analyzing at least one of said received optical signals for associating thereof with the at least one of said user devices and for keeping track of the at least one of said optical signals upon changing of said incoming direction. The one or more optical signals comprise high and low signal states, wherein each optical signal consists of one or more signal fragments.

Abstract: A system for converting digital data into a modulated optical signal, comprises an electrically controllable device having M actuating electrodes. The device provides an optical signal that is modulated in response to binary voltages applied to the actuating electrodes. The system also comprises a digital-to-digital converter that provides a mapping of input data words to binary actuation vectors of M bits and supplies the binary actuation vectors as M bits of binary actuation voltages to the M actuating electrodes, where M is larger than the number of bits in each input data word. The digital-to-digital converter is enabled to map each digital input data word to a binary actuation vector by selecting a binary actuation vector from a subset of binary actuation vectors available to represent each of the input data words.

Abstract: A method and system for bandwidth efficient optical transport in radio access networks using radio-over-fiber optical transport may directly transmit radio access signals over an optical fiber by frequency multiplexing multiple parallel streams of digital wireless signals into a serial stream of optical digital subcarrier signals. A radio-over-fiber transceiver to enable efficient optical transport in radio access networks may be implemented on remote radio head and baseband unit equipment as a plug-in digital coherent optics module or as an on-board internally mounted digital coherent optics module.

Abstract: An optical modulation device includes: a Mach-Zehnder modulator including a semiconductor waveguide; a plurality of phase modulators that are spaced from each other; a first amplifier that is coupled with an input transmission line transmitting an electrical signal, has an input impedance substantially equal to a characteristic impedance of the input transmission line; a first interconnection that is coupled to the first amplifier and transmits the electrical signal to a first end of one of the plurality of phase modulators that is provided on an input side of the Mach-Zehnder modulator; a second interconnection that is coupled to the first amplifier and transmits the electrical signal to a first end of the other of the plurality of phase modulators that is provided on an output side of the Mach-Zehnder modulator; and a plurality of termination resistors respectively coupled to second ends of the plurality of phase modulators.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for identifying and controlling light-based communication (LCom)-enabled luminaires. In some cases, the techniques include a luminaire communicating its ID to a computing device via one or more LCom signals. In some cases, a user may be able to aim a rear-facing camera of a smartphone at the luminaire desired to be controlled. Once the luminaire is in the field of view of the camera, the ID of the luminaire can be determined using one or more LCom signals received from the luminaire. The ID of the luminaire may be, for example, its internet protocol (IP) address or media access control (MAC) address or another unique identifier. Once a luminaire has been identified, commands can be issued to the luminaire to adjust one or more characteristics of the light output, such as changing the dimming percentage of the light output.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an electronic device includes a storage storing a first table regarding a relationship between data and colors, a controller configured to determine a second table as a substitute in a preset condition for the first table and determine a first color, and a second color corresponding to a target data respectively based on the first table and the second table, and a display for displaying at least one from among the first color and the second color.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus includes an optical transceiver configured to be operatively coupled to a network. The optical transceiver includes a photo diode and a processor configured to be operatively coupled to the photo diode. The photo diode is configured to measure a receiver optical power (ROP) value and send the ROP value to the processor. The processor is configured to measure a bit error rate (BER) value of a digital modulated signal at an input port of the optical transceiver. The processor is also configured to determine an estimated optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) value at the input port of the optical transceiver based on the ROP value and the BER value. The processor is configured to send a signal indicating the estimated OSNR value such that a planned route is selected for sending data signals through within the optical transceiver based on the estimated OSNR value.

Abstract: An amplifier for amplification of an electrical signal comprises an electro-optic (EO) medium for receiving the electrical signal, wherein applying the electrical signal to the EO medium causes a change to an effective index of refraction, a device configured for measuring a light phase change for measuring the change to the effective index of refraction, and a photodetector configured to convert the change to the effective index of refraction into an amplified electrical current output signal.

Abstract: An optical transceiver is provided with an optical front end for receiving signal light comprising an optical sub-channel, and for providing an electrical signal based on the signal light; a light source optically coupled to the optical front end for providing local oscillator light thereto for mixing with the signal light; an electro-optical modulator coupled to the light source for receiving output light therefrom and for modulating the output light with digital information to obtain modulated light; and a signal processor operably coupled to the optical front end. The signal processor is configured for processing the electrical signal to obtain a frequency offset of the sub-channel; and adjusting an optical frequency of the modulated light based on the frequency offset. When applied to a multiple-access environment, this may allow access nodes to generate optical sub-channels in the uplink direction using the downlink optical signal as an optical frequency reference.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for synchronizing a plurality of lighting devices. One or more potential-interference-neighbor (PIN) lighting devices are identified near a master lighting device. The master lighting device outputs a first lighting signal and the one or more PIN lighting devices output one or more second lighting signals. One or more time offsets between the first lighting signal and the one or more second lighting signals are determined. The one or more second lighting signals are adjusted based at least in part on the one or more time offsets to synchronize the first lighting signal and the one or more second lighting signals.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including an optical receiver including a laser including a gain section; and a first tunable reflector configured to output a reference signal; a first coupler formed over the substrate; a shutter variable optical attenuator formed over the substrate, the shutter variable optical attenuator including an input port configured to receive the first portion of the reference signal from the laser; and an output port configured to provide or to block, based on a control signal, the first portion of the reference signal from the laser; and a second coupler including a first port configured to receive the first portion of the reference signal from the shutter variable optical attenuator; and a second port configured to (i) provide the first portion of the reference signal from the shutter variable optical attenuator to an optical analyzer or (ii) receive a data signal from a transmitter.

Abstract: A scheme for generating, transmitting and receiving dual-polarization asymmetric single sideband photonic vector signal at millimeter wave spectral region is described. At a transmitter, information bits to be transmitted are modulated using a vector modulation technique to generate a baseband signal. The baseband signal is converted into its single sideband (SSB) version using a complex frequency source having a first frequency. Two IQ signals are generated using an integrated dual polarization IQ modulator. The I/Q modulator is driven by a laser source at frequency fc. The resulting signal is transmitter over an optical transmission medium and/or a multi-input, multi-output over the air antenna configuration, upconverted by a single-ended photodiode to a desired radio-frequency (RF) carrier frequency.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to data communication system and methods. More specifically, various embodiments of the present invention provide a communication interface that is configured to transfer data at high bandwidth using PAM format(s) over optical communication networks. In various embodiments, amplitude and phase of the optical wave are modulated. There are other embodiments as well.