Abstract: An optoelectronic computing system includes a first semiconductor die having a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) and a second semiconductor die having an electronic integrated circuit (EIC). The PIC includes optical waveguides, in which input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by the optical waveguides. The PIC includes an optical copying distribution network having optical splitters. The PIC includes an array of optoelectronic circuitry sections, each receiving an optical wave from one of the output ports of the optical copying distribution network, and each optoelectronic circuitry section includes: at least one photodetector detecting at least one optical wave from the optoelectronic operation. The EIC includes electrical input ports receiving respective electrical values.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring an Optical Multiplex Section of a communication network are provided. A method, according to one implementation, includes the step of obtaining parameters related to optical signals traversing an Optical Multiplex Section (OMS) of a communication network. The OMS, in this example, includes multiple fiber spans defining a primary path and one or more protection paths. The method further includes the step of using the obtained parameters to determine a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) value associated with optical signals transmitted over the primary path. In response to determining that the SNR value falls below a predetermined threshold, the method includes the step of performing a switching action to enable transmission of optical signals over one of the one or more protection paths.

Abstract: An optical module for transmitting data from a data center via a dense wavelength division multiplex (DWDM) grid includes an optical modulator, a multiplexer, and a transmitter. The optical modulator modulates first and second optical signals pulse amplitude modulation for transmission over first and second wavelengths, respectively. The first wavelength is separated from the second wavelength according to a spacing of the DWDM grid for transmitting data at a selected baud rate. The multiplexer multiplexes the modulated first and second optical signals into a multiplexed optical signal, which includes the modulated first optical signal having the first wavelength and the modulated second optical signal having the second wavelength, and outputs the multiplexed optical signal. A transmitter transmits the multiplexed optical signal via the DWDM grid at the selected baud rate.

Abstract: An optoelectronic computing system includes a first semiconductor die having a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) and a second semiconductor die having an electronic integrated circuit (EIC). The PIC includes optical waveguides, in which input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by the optical waveguides. The PIC includes an optical copying distribution network having optical splitters. The PIC includes an array of optoelectronic circuitry sections, each receiving an optical wave from one of the output ports of the optical copying distribution network, and each optoelectronic circuitry section includes: at least one photodetector detecting at least one optical wave from the optoelectronic operation. The EIC includes electrical input ports receiving respective electrical values.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining optical distribution network (ODN) logical topology information, a device, and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining identification information of each first ONU that is connected to a first passive optical network (PON) port and whose optical path changes and feature data of the first ONU in a first time window, where the feature data includes receive optical power and/or an alarm event; obtaining, based on the feature data of each first ONU, a feature vector corresponding to each first ONU; and performing cluster analysis on the feature vector corresponding to each first ONU, to obtain topology information corresponding to the first PON port. ONU topology information is obtained by analyzing an ONU feature.

Abstract: A light amplification device according to an example aspect of the invention includes a wavelength demultiplexing unit configured to demultiplex the wavelength division multiplexed signal light into a plurality of wavelength bands; a plurality of light amplification media configured to amplify the plurality of pieces of demultiplexed multiplex signal light; a wavelength multiplexing unit configured to multiplex the amplified demultiplexed multiplex signal light; a plurality of excitation energy supply units configured to supply excitation energy to each of the plurality of light amplification media; and a control unit, wherein the control unit includes a wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing control unit configured to control the wavelength demultiplexing unit and the wavelength multiplexing unit in such a way that a starting wavelength and a wavelength number become an optimum starting wavelength and an optimum wavelength number when a sum of power consumption of the plurality of excitation energy supply un

Abstract: An apparatus comprises at least one processing device, the at least one processing device being configured to receive an encapsulation of two or more types of content associated with a camera system, the two or more types of content comprising one or more video signals and one or more data signals. The at least one processing device is also configured to separate the encapsulation into the two or more types of content to obtain the one or more video signals and the one or more data signals, to output at least a given one of the one or more video signals to a first display unit, and to provide at least a given one of the one or more data signals to at least one of (i) a controller associated with the first display unit and (ii) a second display unit.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes: a first optical transmitting unit for transmitting a first optical signal having a first wavelength; a second optical transmitting unit for transmitting a second optical signal having a second wavelength; an output adjustment unit for acquiring the first optical signal and the second optical signal, adjusting signal intensities of the acquired optical signals, and outputting the optical signals; a multiplexer for multiplexing the first optical signal and the second optical signal that have been subjected to signal intensity adjustment and outputting a multiplexed signal; an amplifier for amplifying the multiplexed signal; a first optical receiving unit for receiving the amplified first optical signal; and a second optical receiving unit for receiving the amplified second optical signal.

Abstract: Optical signal to noise ratios that more accurately characterize optical link noise are determined. As noise induced by an optical receiver does not generally vary with an input optical signal power, a power of an incoming optical signal is varied at the receiver. A resulting variation in noise measure represents a variation in link noise and does not include any variation caused by receiver noise, as receiver noise does not generally vary with optical signal power. Thus, the contribution of optical link noise can be discerned from other noise induced by the receiver itself. A more accurate characterization of optical link performance is thus provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for obtaining optical distribution network (ODN) logical topology information, a device, and a storage medium. The method includes: obtaining identification information of each first ONU that is connected to a first passive optical network (PON) port and whose optical path changes and feature data of the first ONU in a first time window, where the feature data includes receive optical power and/or an alarm event; obtaining, based on the feature data of each first ONU, a feature vector corresponding to each first ONU; and performing cluster analysis on the feature vector corresponding to each first ONU, to obtain topology information corresponding to the first PON port. ONU topology information is obtained by analyzing an ONU feature.

Abstract: A lidar system includes a light source configured to emit light pulses and a receiver configured to detect light from some of the light pulses scattered by remote targets. The receiver includes an avalanche photodiode operating in the linear mode for detecting the light pulses. To prevent damage to the linear mode avalanche photodiode a quench circuit is coupled to the avalanche photodiode, where the quench circuit reduces a bias voltage applied to the avalanche photodiode, when an avalanche event occurs at the avalanche photodiode.

Abstract: A test device for Optical Transport Network (OTN) testing using MFAS-aligned pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) patterns is disclosed. The test device may comprise a signal generator to generate a test signal that comprises an MFAS-aligned PRBS pattern. The test device may also comprise a transmitter to transmit the test signal into an OTN and a receiver to receive the test signal from the OTN. The test device may comprise a processor to determine whether the received test signal matches the transmitted test signal based on the MFAS-aligned PRBS pattern. The test device employing a technique that uses an MFAS-aligned PRBS pattern may help ensure quality of service in OTN, especially for transmission of secured data.

Abstract: A method in a network node for determining information associated with an optical fiber in a communications network. The optical fiber is connected to an optical transceiver unit. The network node configures the optical transceiver unit to transmit at least one first optical signal via the optical fiber, wherein the at least one first optical signal is an optical pulse train defined by a determined period. The network node then obtains information associated with at least one second optical signal received by the optical transceiver unit via the optical fiber in response to the transmitted at least one first optical signal. Thus, the network node may determine information associated with the optical fiber based on the obtained information. Also, an optical transceiver unit for enabling a determination of information associated with an optical fiber in a communications network and methods therein.

Abstract: A system for loading a fiber optic transport system includes a wavelength selective switch (WSS) having inputs and an output connected to an optical fiber, wherein the inputs are connected to one or more lines having data-bearing channels thereon; and an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) generator connected to one of the inputs of the WSS, wherein the WSS is configured to perform a channel addition through substitution of an ASE channel from the ASE generator for a data-bearing channel, and a channel deletion through substitution of a data-bearing channel for an ASE channel from the ASE generator, and wherein, to limit perturbations on the optical fiber due to channel additions and deletions, the WSS is configured to limit a number of channels that are switched at a same time for a set of channel additions or deletions.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch (WSS), reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) and methods of determining a condition of a domain network section are provided. The WSS and ROADM include a light source for sending an optical signal having a characteristic. The method comprises instructing a light source to send an optical signal across an optical link, obtaining measurements of characteristic values of the optical signal received at and sent by components along the domain network section, comparing the characteristic values to pre-defined limits, and determining the condition of the domain network section based on the characteristic values.

Abstract: In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a transmit apparatus generates a to-be-processed optical signal and a quantum optical signal, where the to-be-processed optical signal includes at least a classical optical signal; and the transmit apparatus couples the to-be-processed optical signal and the quantum optical signal, to obtain a coupled optical signal, and sends the coupled optical signal. Because a wavelength of the classical optical signal is in an L band and/or a C band and a wavelength of the quantum optical signal is in an S band, a wavelength in the band of the classical optical signal is greater than a wavelength in the band of the quantum optical signal.

Abstract: Communication (351) on a communication link is monitored. At a predetermined point in time (380), packetized data (350) indicating a luminaire status information of a luminaire is sent. Said sending of the packetized data (350) is selectively executed depending on said monitoring. In various embodiments, said sending of the packetized data (350) and said monitoring of the communication on the communication link may comprise executing a Trickle algorithm.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and optical power controllers are disclosed. Various problems caused by the use of a single L0 power controller in the prior art are addressed by using first and second L0 power controllers with the first L0 power controller managing first optical components with the optical network, and the second L0 power controller managing second optical components within the optical network.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical data receiver to receive a phase-modulated optical signal and to demodulate data therefrom. The optical data receiver includes an optical power splitter, first and second optical intensity detectors, and a digital signal processor. The digital signal processor is connected to receive digital values of intensity measurements of each of the optical intensity detectors. The first optical intensity detector is connected to receive light from the optical power splitter via a first optical path, and the second optical intensity detector is connected to receive light from the optical power splitter via a second optical path. The first and second optical paths have channel functions with different frequency dependencies.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a bi-directional coupler for coupling an upstream signal and a downstream signal to a termination load. A test point detection mechanism is configured to detect when a test point device is inserted in a test point connector. The test point device is configured to perform a test of the upstream signal or the downstream signal. A switch is configured to switch from being coupled to the termination load to being coupled to the test point device when the test point device is detected as being inserted in the test point connector. The switch is configured to switch from being coupled to being coupled to the test point device to the termination load when the test point device is detected as being removed from being inserted in the test point connector.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide an apparatus and method for monitoring a polarization dependent loss, a receiver and a communication system. The apparatus for monitoring a polarization dependent loss includes: a first processing unit configured to process received optical signals, to obtain a first correlation matrix of noise signals in the received optical signals and a second correlation matrix of second signals or other signals in the received optical signals other than first signals or spectral feature signals having predetermined spectral features; a matrix subtraction unit configured to subtract the second correlation matrix by the first correlation matrix, to obtain a third matrix; and a calculating unit configured to perform singular value decomposition on the third matrix, and calculate a polarization dependent loss according to a result of the singular value decomposition. According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the polarization dependent loss may be calculated more accurately.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) network fault locating method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining a fault group in an HFC network; collecting a pre-equalization coefficient of at least one cable modem (CM); enabling a reference fault point that is corresponding to the fault group and whose location is known; collecting the pre-equalization coefficient of the at least one CM again; and determining a relative distance between each fault point in the fault group and the reference fault point according to the pre-equalization coefficient collected twice. In the present disclosure, not only each fault point in a fault group including a plurality of fault points can be located, but also a fault group including only a single fault point can be located.

Abstract: A measurement system for measuring signals in a RF device comprises at least two signal generators for generating a test signal in each one of the signal generators, a probe for every signal generator, each probe being connected to the respective signal generator for emitting the respective test signal to the RF device, and a controllable positioner for rotatably positioning the RF device with respect to the probes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a communication signal tracking system comprising an optical receiver including one or more delay line interferometers (DLIs) configured to demultiplex incoming optical signals and a transimpedance amplifier configured to convert the incoming optical signals to incoming electrical signals. The communication signal tracking system further includes a control module configured to calculate a bit-error-rate (BER) of the incoming electrical signals before forward-error correction decoding, and use the BER as a parameter for optimizing settings of the one or more DLIs in one or more iterations in a control loop and generating a back-channel data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method performed by the device of monitoring an optical fibre link. The method provided for monitoring an optical fibre link comprises generating a monitoring signal used for monitoring the optical fibre link, combining the generated monitoring signal with a data signal to be transmitted over the optical fibre link, detecting backscattering of the monitoring signal from the optical fibre link, comparing the detected backscattered monitoring signal with an estimated monitoring signal backscattered along the optical fibre link, and determining, based on the comparison, at least one location along the optical fibre link where the monitoring signal is backscattered, and signal loss caused by the backscattering.

Abstract: A chromatic dispersion compensation apparatus for automatic compensation of chromatic dispersion of signals transmitted via an optical link at predetermined wavelengths of WDM channels within a predetermined band. A tapping unit taps optical signals received by the chromatic dispersion compensation apparatus via the optical link at predetermined wavelengths and supply them to an optical coherent receiver adapted to tune its local oscillator to WDM channels to generate corresponding analog electrical signals of the WDM channels which are sampled by an analog digital converter to provide digital signal samples of WDM channels processed by a digital signal processor of the chromatic dispersion compensation apparatus to calculate an estimate residual chromatic dispersion value of the received optical signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for logging transient events of an optical fiber span within a fiber optic system, the method comprising the steps of sampling measured values of at least one signal parameter of an optical signal transported through said optical fiber span, OFS; processing the sampled measurement values to detect an occurrence of a transient event during transport of the optical signal through said optical fiber span, OFS; and providing each detected transient event with a time stamp for correlation with other monitored events within said fiber optic system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for monitoring optical communications between a managed location and a remote location. In particular, an optical signal is transmitted over an optical fiber and passed-through a test device. A portion of the optical signal is filtered from the original optical signal and passed to a monitoring unit. The monitoring unit may instruct one or more switches in the test device to loop the optical signal back toward the managed location. Subsequently, testing and monitoring may be performed at the managed location. The device may provide a test output or may transmit the information to the managed location.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display device, a display system and a resolution adjusting method. The display device comprises a display screen, and further comprises: a distance sensor and an adjusting unit, wherein the distance sensor comprises: a particle emitter for emitting a first particle beam to a viewer; a particle receiver for receiving the first particle beam reflected by the viewer, and wherein the adjusting unit adjusts a resolution of the display screen based on an energy density of the emitted first particle beam and an energy density of the received first particle beam.

Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT) that configures a passive optical network (PON) system in cooperation with an optical network unit (ONU). The OLT has a controller to control a link state with the ONU. The controller generates, in one case, a control signal specifying a first low power consumption mode in which the ONU operates in the low power consumption mode in an upstream direction, and generates, in another case, the control signal specifying a second low power consumption mode in which the ONU operates in the low power consumption mode in both upstream and downstream directions. Further, the generated control signal is transmitted to the ONU.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present invention relate to an optical signal processor comprising of at least one wavelength processing device, a plurality of optical amplifying devices, and a least one field programmable photonic device.

Abstract: Embodiments of a device and method to automatically acquire signal quality metrics in a digital communication system are disclosed. The device may include acquisition means to sample the likelihood of a digital communication signal passing through a grid of time and amplitude regions, and storage means by which such likelihood measurements may be accumulated in a computer memory array for analysis. A state machine may execute a method that controls both the acquisition means and the storage means, requiring minimal intervention from supervisory systems.

Abstract: Systems and methods of Ethernet link state signaling through a packet fabric with an Ethernet service transported over Optical Transport Network (OTN) utilizing Generic Framing Procedure Framed (GFP-F) mapping include demapping packets received from an OTN container over GFP-F; detecting a condition associated with the Ethernet service; and causing insertion of maintenance signals in OTN overhead based on the condition instead of using GFP-F Client Management Frames (CMF). The GFP-F mapping can be compliant to ITU-T Recommendation G.Sup43 (02/11) clause 6.2.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for automatically identifying rogue Optical Network Unit (ONU) are disclosed. In one aspect, an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) determines dark power on a fiber optic link over a period of time. For a given ONU, the OLT determines an optical power of high signals and an optical power of low signals received over the fiber optic link during a timeslot assigned to the given ONU, determines a modified optical power of the high signals and a modified optical power of the low signals based on differences between the optical power of the respective signals and the dark power, determines an extinction ratio based on a ratio of the modified optical power of the high signals relative to the modified optical power of the low signals, and identifies the given ONU as a rogue ONU when the extinction ratio is outside of a specified range.

Abstract: A time synchronization apparatus and method for automatically detecting the asymmetry of an optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical transceiving apparatus includes an optical transmitting device performing polarization multiplexing on and transmitting as polarization multiplexed signal light, a first signal light of a predetermined polarization direction and a second signal light of a polarization direction different from the predetermined polarization direction; an optical receiving device receiving the signal light transmitted from the optical transmitting device through an optical transmission path; an acquiring unit acquiring information indicative of magnitude relation of intensity between the first signal light and the second signal light included in the signal light received by the optical receiving device; and a control unit controlling the magnitude relation of intensity between the first signal light and the second signal light included in the signal light output from the optical transmitting device, to be opposite to the magnitude relation indicated by the information acquired by the acquiring unit.

Abstract: An OLT comprising a processor configured to calculate a downstream bandwidth map that indicates an active period of time when the OLT is scheduled to transmit a data frame to an ONU, and generate a message comprising the downstream bandwidth map, and a transmitter coupled to the processor and configured to send the message to the ONU via a PON, wherein the message instructs the ONU to power off at least one ONU receive data processing unit outside the active period. Also disclosed is a computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause an ONU to receive a message indicating an active period, wherein the active period indicates a scheduled period during which data communicated over a PON is relevant to the ONU and power down an ONU receive data processing unit outside the active period.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides communications services to Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) in a Passive Optical Network (PON) with at least two Optical Line Terminals (OLTs). The role of these OLTs is autonomously governed based on characteristics of upstream signals from the ONTs. When an OLT in a standby mode determines that upstream signal power is below a power threshold, the OLT in standby mode changes its mode and operates in the active mode. An OLT in active mode monitors the upstream signals and determines the number of upstream signals that are misaligned to a respective downstream command sent from the active OLT. When the number of misaligned signals is greater than a counts threshold, the active OLT switches its operation and operates in standby mode. Through autonomous operation, the OLTs provide redundancy for the PON without added control channel complexity.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to an optical transceiver module having a diagnostic communications link, wherein the link is configured to access diagnostic and other data contained within the transceiver controller via a backdoor interface. Controller data, including operational parameter values and module setup values, is accessible while the transceiver operates in conjunction with an external host and may be retrieved, and sometimes modified, in real time without interrupting normal transceiver operation or suspending the transmission of data over optical fibers. The data is accessed with an external user device via a backdoor interface on the outside of the transceiver module.

Abstract: Systems and methods for modulating the output of a difference frequency generator such as an OPO, OPA or OPG include a pump fiber laser having at least one internal, directly modulatible component, wherein the pump fiber laser produces a pump signal, and a difference frequency generator coupled to the pump fiber laser. The difference frequency generator is configured for accepting the pump signal of the pump fiber laser and producing an output signal, wherein parameters of the output signal are determined based on direct modulation of the internal, directly modulatible component of the pump fiber laser.

Abstract: A passive optical network (PON) has an optical line termination (OLT) that terminates an optical fiber servicing a plurality of optical network units (ONUs). Each ONU has one or more traffic containers (TCONTs) addressable by the OLT. The PON dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) implements a scheduling hierarchy, including several scheduling layers, such that disjoint sets of TCONTs can be grouped together, then disjoint sets of groups can be grouped, and so on. In such hierarchy, the residential traffic can be grouped separately from the business traffic. Further, within either the residential or business group, traffic may be grouped to define scheduling layers (“sub-groups”) within the residential or business group. Scheduling in one group or sub-group is performed independently of the scheduling in other groups or sub-groups, subject to the available bandwidth for each group.

Abstract: An optical transceiver has a communications mode and an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) mode. The transceiver comprises a transmitter channel and a receiver channel operable, in the communications mode, to respectively transmit and receive communications signals through respective external optical fibers. The transceiver also comprises a guide arrangement for guiding, in the OTDR mode, a reflected OTDR signal along a path from the transmitter channel into the receiver channel. A method of obtaining test data for an optical fiber in an optical data communications subsystem is also disclosed.

Abstract: An Ethernet adapter system may include a transmitter to insert a payload type identifier sequence in a generic frame procedure header to indicate that a network is a converged enhanced Ethernet network. The transmitter may insert idle sequences in a stream of data frames transmitted along a link. The system may include a receiver to recognize a condition and to force a loss of synchronization condition on the link that will be converted by the receiver into a loss of light condition. The receiver may scan the transmitted stream of data frames for invalid data frames and introduce a code into the stream of data frames whenever an invalid data frame is detected.

Abstract: Systems and method for monitoring a dual-polarization signal are disclosed. The systems and methods include adding a first supervisory signal to a first polarization component of the dual-polarization signal to get a first combined signal, adding a second supervisory signal to a second polarization component of the dual-polarization signal to get a second combined signal, and in the electrical domain, performing a polarization scanning technique on the first and second combined signals.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for locating a physical connector module are disclosed. According to one aspect, the subject matter described herein a method that includes selecting, via a locator beacon activation control function, a physical connector module to be located. The method further includes communicating, from the locator beacon activation control function, a locator beacon activation signal to a locator beacon activation client function included in the selected physical connector module and, in response to receiving the locator beacon activation signal at the locator beacon activation client function, triggering a transmission of a locator beacon from the selected physical connector module.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring a dual-polarization signal are disclosed. The systems and methods include extracting a portion of the dual-polarization signal, wherein the dual-polarization signal includes multiple supervisory signals, each associated with a polarization component of a main data signal, measuring a power level of the first and second supervisory signals, and determining a power imbalance between the polarization components of the main data signal based at least on the power level.

Abstract: Systems and method for monitoring a dual-polarization signal are disclosed. The systems and methods include adding a first supervisory signal to a first polarization component of the dual-polarization signal to get a first combined signal and adding a second supervisory signal to a second polarization component of the dual-polarization signal to get a second combined signal, either in the electrical or optical domain. The supervisory signal is arbitrary, non-complementary, and modulated at a amplitude substantially lower than the modulation frequency of the dual-polarization signal. The systems and methods further include analyzing the supervisory signal upon receipt.

Abstract: The invention discloses a system, a method and an apparatus for optical network protection. The system includes: an output control apparatus for obtaining protection mode information configured by a system and controlling an input signal to be output from a set line corresponding to said protection mode information; and a detection control apparatus for detecting powers of signals transmitted on an active line and on a standby line, if it is determined that the active line is abnormal and the standby line is normal according to detection results, then controlling the input signal to be output from a protection line corresponding to the protection mode information; if it is determined that the active line is normal, or that the active line and the standby line are abnormal according to the detection result, then controlling the input signal to be output from a set line corresponding to the protection mode information.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present invention relate to An optical node comprising of at least two optical degrees; a plurality of directionless add/drop ports; and at least one wavelength equalizing array, wherein the at least one wavelength equalizing array is used to both select wavelengths for each degree, and to perform directionless steering for the add/drop ports.

Abstract: A transport apparatus configured to transport a main signal received via one of a plurality of ports to any of the plurality of ports, the transport apparatus includes: a plurality of main signal processing circuits configured to extract a monitoring control signal from the main signal, the plurality of main signal processing circuits being provided to correspond to the plurality of ports, respectively; a monitoring controller configured to receive the monitoring control signal from the plurality of main signal processing circuits; and a serial interface configured to connect the plurality of main signal processing circuits with the monitoring controller on a ring-shaped bus to transfer a serial frame, wherein the serial frame has a mapping field to which the monitoring control signal is mapped.