Abstract: A method for discovering a cross-domain link between ports in a network implements different compensation algorithms based on differences in the intervals used to obtain traffic flow information at the ports. A first compensation algorithm discovers the cross-domain link when the intervals have different sizes. A second compensation algorithm discovers the cross-domain link when the intervals are misaligned. The algorithms may be implemented by a cross-domain coordinator which recites count information from network devices that include the ports.

Abstract: Examples herein relate to wavelength division multiplexing optical interconnects. In particular, implementations herein relate to an optical interconnect that include a wavelength translator. The optical interconnect includes a first transmitter configured to modulate, combine, and transmit multi-wavelength optical signals, the modulated optical signals having a first number of optical channels, a first data rate per wavelength, and a first wavelength spacing between neighboring modulated optical signals. The optical interconnect includes a wavelength translator configured to convert the modulated optical signals such that the converted modulated optical signals have at least one or more of: a second number of optical channels different from the first number of optical channels, a second data rate per wavelength different from the first data rate per wavelength, or a second wavelength spacing different from the first wavelength spacing.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and apparatuses for providing at least one signaling indication of a super-channel by a power controller in a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) system. The power controller may receive a service provisioning and a lock state from a network management entity. The power controller may receive, from an optical fabric unit, a fabric state that indicates whether a pass-band of the super-channel is provisioned. The power controller may receive the power level of the super-channel from a power monitoring unit. Based on the power level and attenuation level of the super-channel, the power controller may determine a ramp state that indicates whether the power level reached to a predetermined power. The power controller may determine an alarm state based on the power level. The power controller may determine the signaling indication based on the service provisioning, lock, fabric, ramp, and alarm states.

Abstract: A photonic interconnection elementary switch is integrated in an optoelectronic chip/The switch includes first and second linear optical waveguides which intersect to form a first intersection. Two first photonic redirect ring resonators are respectively coupled to the first and second optical waveguides. Two second photonic redirect ring resonators are respectively coupled to the first and second optical waveguides. A third linear optical waveguide is coupled to one of the first ring resonators and one of the second ring resonators. A fourth linear optical waveguide is coupled to another of the first resonators and to another of the second ring resonators. A base switch, complex switch, and photonic interconnection network integrated in an optoelectronic chip, include at least two of the photonic interconnection elementary switches.

Abstract: An island-based network flow processor (IB-NFP) integrated circuit includes islands organized in rows. A configurable mesh event bus extends through the islands and is configured to form one or more local event rings and a global event chain. The configurable mesh event bus is configured with configuration information received via a configurable mesh control bus. Each local event ring involves event ring circuits and event ring segments. In one example, an event packet being communicated along a local event ring reaches an event ring circuit. The event ring circuit examines the event packet and determines whether it meets a programmable criterion. If the event packet meets the criterion, then the event packet is inserted into the global event chain. The global event chain communicates the event packet to a global event manager that logs events and maintains statistics and other information.

Abstract: An island-based network flow processor (IB-NFP) integrated circuit includes islands organized in rows. A configurable mesh event bus extends through the islands and is configured to form a local event ring. The configurable mesh event bus is configured with configuration information received via a configurable mesh control bus. The local event ring provides a communication path along which an event packet is communicated to each rectangular island along the local event ring. The local event ring involves event ring circuits and event ring segments. Upon each transition of a clock signal, an event packet moves through the ring from event ring segment to event ring segment. Event information and not packet data travels through the ring. The local event ring functions as a source-release ring in that only the event ring circuit that inserted the event packet onto the ring can delete the event packet from the ring.

Abstract: A colorless, directionless ROADM includes a pair of contentioned add and drop wavelength-selective optical switches, an input wavelength-selective optical switch having one input port, and an output wavelength-selective optical switch having one output port. Unintended input-to-output port couplings, which appear in the “contentioned” add and drop switches, can be mitigated by the input and output wavelength-selective optical switches carrying the through traffic.

Abstract: The present invention provides a data cross-connect system and method. The data cross-connect system comprises: at least two first stage cross-connect modules, at least one second stage cross-connect module and at least one third stage cross-connect module; the first stage cross-connect module comprises: a first stage cross-connect sub-module, a signal packaging sub-module, a first information generation sub-module and at least one transmitter. The present invention allows high rate interconnection between subracks, therefore the number of interconnecting optical fibers and connectors of the optical fibers can be reduced; in addition, the second stage cross-connect module applies cross-connecting directly in the optical layer, hence the number of cross-connect subracks can be reduced and the size and power consumption of the cross-connect subracks can also be reduced.

Abstract: The invention discloses are an optical line terminal, an optical network unit, a passive optical network system, an upstream bandwidth allocation method and a rate adaptation method. The OLT comprises: an optical module, a clock and data recovery module, a media access control chip and a control module, wherein, the optical module is configured to receive upstream data sent by ONUs having different transmission rates; the clock and data recovery module is configured to receive the upstream data, recover a clock signal according to the upstream data, and send the upstream data and the clock signal to the media access control chip; the media access control chip is configured to save the upstream data and the clock signal; the control module is configured to, according to the clock signal, acquire an upstream rate of the upstream data, and allocate an upstream bandwidth to the ONU according to the upstream rate.

Abstract: An optical intensity control system for use with an optical switch providing individual signal paths between input and output ports. The system has optical splitters connectable to output multiplexers of the switch and has variable optical intensity controllers (VOICs) for insertion into the individual signal paths to individually control the intensity of optical signals present in the signal paths via intensity control signals. An equalizer is connected to the splitters and to the VOICs produces an estimate of the optical power of each individual switched optical signal and generates the intensity control signals. The equalizer is adapted to controllably isolate individual switched optical signals. In this way, individual and independent control of the power on each optical channel is provided.

Abstract: The disclosure describes implementations of an apparatus including a plurality of racks, wherein each rack houses a plurality of networking devices and each networking device includes a communication port. An optical circuit switch can be coupled to each of the plurality of communication ports in one or more of the plurality of racks, and a plurality of top-of-rack (TOR) switches can be coupled to the optical circuit switch. Other implementations are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A communication network is configured to implement time scale separated management and provisioning optimizations, for example, in a core optical network coupled to multiple data networks. Network management optimizations are performed at respective points in time separated by intervals of a first time scale, and network provisioning optimizations are performed at respective points in time separated by intervals of a second time scale, with the intervals of the second time scale being on average substantially longer than the intervals of the first time scale. Moreover, at least a given one of the intervals of the second time scale has a length which is determined based on results of performance of one or more of the network management optimizations. The core optical network may be configured utilizing information specified by the network management and network provisioning optimizations.

Abstract: An adaptive distributed antenna system comprises a control module coupled between multiple base stations, and multiple antenna groups, each of which includes multiple antenna devices each coupled to the control module via a transmission line, and operable to convert an external wireless signal and a transmitting signal from the transmission line respectively into a receiving signal and a signal to be radiated. The control module converts a downlink signal from any base station and the receiving signal from any transmission line respectively into the transmitting signal and an uplink signal. The control module is configured to establish a transmission link between one base station and one antenna device of the antenna groups.

Abstract: A network node comprises an optical input, an optical output, a random-access queue and a processing system. It receives a data packet, at the optical input and determines whether to process it as a guaranteed-service packet or as a statistically-multiplexed packet. A guaranteed-service packet is output within a predetermined maximum time of receipt, optionally within a data container comprising container control information. A statistically-multiplexed packet is queued. The node determines a set of statistically-multiplexed packets that would fit a gap between two guaranteed-service packets; selects one of the packets; and outputs it between the two guaranteed-service packets.

Abstract: Provided are methods and devices for determining the assignment of subsignals (S1, S2, S3, S4) transmitted by inverse multiplexing, particularly via an Optical Transport Network (OTN), to the transmission links (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) carrying said subsignals. After a synchronization for the correct assembly of the subsignals (S1, S2, S3, S4) into the digital reception signal (E), the signal transmission via at least one transmission link (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) is interrupted for a detection process in which the subsignal assigned to the interrupted link is determined. The process may be repeated to determine all subsignal assignments.

Abstract: An optical packet switching device is provided with: a first input unit and a second input unit for receiving optical packet signals having destination information and information of a wavelength in use; an optical switch unit for routing the optical packet signals; a branching unit for branching the received optical packet signals; an analyzer unit for analyzing the header of the branched optical packet signals so as to detect the destination information and the information of the wavelength in use; and an output competition determination unit for checking for temporal competition of the optical packet signals based on the destination information and for determining whether the optical packet signals should be transmitted or discarded based on the information of the wavelength in use when there is competition.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a time domain multiplexing (TDM) to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or bounded Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) channels HOT PON converter configured to couple to an optical line terminal (OLT) via an optical fiber and to a plurality of network terminals (NTs) via a point-to-multipoint coaxial cable and configured to transmit TDM data from the OLT using OFDM or bounded QAM channels to the corresponding NTs, wherein the OFDM or bounded QAM channels transmission of TDM data maintains End-to-End (E2E) TDM passive optical network (PON) protocols, service provisioning, and quality of service (QoS).

Abstract: An optical packet transmitter device includes: a detection unit for detecting packet-length information and priority information from a received Ether signal; a setting unit for setting, according to the degree of priority, a division factor by which the Ether signal is divided and a wavelength used for an optical packet signal to be transmitted; a header generation unit for generating a header containing destination information, the packet-length information, the priority information, and information of wavelength in use of the Ether signal; a transmission processing unit for dividing the Ether signal according to the set division factor and generating a plurality of packet signals; a header insertion unit for inserting the generated header in at least one packet signal; and an electrical/optical converter unit for converting the plurality of packet signals into optical packet signals of a plurality of wavelengths according to the set wavelength in use.

Abstract: Scheduling methods and apparatus for use with optical switches with hybrid architectures are provided. An exemplary distributed scheduling process achieves 100% throughput for any admissible Bernoulli arrival traffic. The exemplary distributed scheduling process may be easily adapted to work for any finite round trip time, without sacrificing any throughput. Simulation results also showed that this distributed scheduling process can provide very good delay performance for different traffic patterns and for different round trip times associated with current switches.

Abstract: An optical communications network node (10) comprising an optical transmitter module (16), an optical receiver module (12), an electrical cross-point switch (20) and control apparatus (24, 26). The optical transmitter module (16) comprises optical sources (18) each having a different operating wavelength and each being selectively assignable as an optical circuit switching channel source or an optical burst switching channel source. The optical receiver module (12) comprises a said plurality of optical detectors each operable at one of said operating wavelengths. The electrical cross-point switch (20) comprises switch paths (22) and is configurable to allocate a first set of switch paths for optical circuit switching and a second set of switch paths for optical burst switching.

Abstract: An apparatus switches paths in a wavelength-multiplexing network in which a first number of wavelengths each used for a path to transmit an optical signal are multiplexed into an optical fiber. The apparatus includes an entire switching unit and a second number of individual switching units where the second number is smaller than the first number. The entire switching unit is configured to perform a path-switching process for switching a path, simultaneously on all the first number of wavelengths when failures have occurred for all the first number of wavelengths. The second number of individual switching units are each configured to perform the path-switching process individually on one of a third number of wavelengths included in the first number of wavelengths when at least one failure has occurred for the third number of wavelengths where the third numbers is smaller than the first number.

Abstract: A method of controlling optical data flow in a network is provided. The method includes: receiving, by a switch controller, a data flow including a plurality of data packets used for network management and control, the network switch including at least one wavelength tunable optical data transmission interface to a wavelength division multiplexed optical network; transmitting a control signal indicating which wavelengths are in use and which wavelengths are not in use to the network switch over a control link; receiving a return signal generated by an optical filter in the switch, the return signal indicative of an available wavelength for transmission of the data flow to the switch; allocating a data traffic flow to the available wavelength, and communicating the allocation decision to the network switch; and transmitting the data flow to the switch via an optical carrier signal having the available wavelength indicated by the return signal.

Abstract: A packet switching system includes a plurality of switch fabrics connected in cascade and a plurality of buffers respectively connected to the plurality of switch fabrics. In the event of packet competition, the plurality of switch fabrics buffer the competing packets to the corresponding buffers through buffer connection ports, and forward the competing packets in excess of the number of buffer connection ports to an adjacent switch fabric through switch connection ports.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to implementing high-radix switch topologies on relatively lower-radix physical networks. In one embodiment, the method comprises constructing the physical network (702) composed of one or more optical switches connected via one or more waveguides. A desired switch topology (704) is then designed for implementation on the physical network. The switch topology is then overlain on the switch network by configuring the optical switches and waveguides (706) to implement the switch topology on the physical network. The optical switches can be reconfigured following a transmission over the physical network and can be configured to implement circuit switching or packet switch.

Abstract: A single step routing and wavelength assignment method and system for automated provisioning of services on DWDM networks is presented. This novel single step solution automates design and assignment of services in DWDM networks. For an automated provisioning platform that can handle the routing and wavelength assignment in a single step, the solution avoids reconfiguration of existing services. It also takes into consideration practical aspects of DWDM transponder availability at termination sites and regeneration sites along the selected route. The methodology includes iterative computation of common channel sets to avoid multiple shortest path computations for each of the wavelengths.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spatial switching apparatus having a plurality of input terminals, an input optical signal of a single wavelength being input to each of the plurality of the input terminals, and a plurality of output terminals an output optical signal of a single wavelength being output from each of the plurality of the output terminals. The apparatus includes a signal wavelength converting portion having an electric signal converting element converting the input optical signal into an electric signal and a variable wavelength laser, the signal wavelength converting portion using the variable wavelength laser to convert an electric signal converted by the electric signal converting element into an optical signal of an arbitrary wavelength; and a spatial switching portion having a plurality of first cyclic AWGs performing output from a plurality of output ports corresponding to wavelengths of a plurality of input signals input from the variable wavelength laser.

Abstract: A Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) multi-mode switching system and method and method provides concurrent switching in various switching modes. For example, WDM links may communicate data in various switching modes including, but not limited to, an electronic packet switching (EPS) mode, optical circuit switching (OCS) mode, and optical burst switching (OBS) mode. Edge routers and core routers in the WDM multi-mode switching systems and methods provide switching and processing necessary to handle data provided in the various switching modes. Further, the WDM multi-mode switching systems and methods can also provide dynamic reconfiguration between the various switching modes.

Abstract: In general, a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) communication system may use wavelength selective switching to simultaneously pre-filter and combine groups of channel wavelengths with orthogonal polarizations to provide a pre-filtered, pair-wise orthogonal aggregate WDM optical signal. An orthogonally-combining wavelength selective switch (WSS) multiplexer may route channel wavelengths individually from different sets of channels to a common output. The orthogonally-combining WSS multiplexer may also provide substantially orthogonal polarizations for the wavelengths in the different sets of channels. The different sets of channels may include odd channels and even channels.

Abstract: N optical transceivers are each connected to a respective electronic module in one-to-one relation such that a respective one electronic module controls a respective one optical transceiver. An electronic switch matrix provides cross-connect capability between the P redundant electronic modules and N electronic modules to the N optical transceivers. A system controller determines when an active N electronic module has failed, and configures the electronic switch matrix to switch a P redundant electronic module into the optical transceiver to which the failed electronic module was connected. A system switch module redirects traffic and routing information, under the direction of the system controller, from the failed module to the newly activated redundant module so that the redundant module assumes the functionality of the failed module.

Abstract: An optical communications system includes a MSAP and an optical transceiver mounted at the MSAP that communicates over an optical network to at least one optical network terminal (ONT). A first electronic module is operatively connected to the optical transceiver and configured to control the optical transceiver and mounted at the MSAP separate from the optical transceiver. A redundant second electronic module is supported within the MSAP and mounted separate from the optical transceiver. A Mux/Demux module interconnects and supports the first and second electronic modules to form an integral unit and mounted at the MSAP separate from the optical transceiver. The Mux/Demux module is configured to switch the second electronic module into communication with the optical transceiver upon failure of the first electronic module.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for adjusting a service of optical synchronous digital hierarchy network, and the method comprises: at first configuring the input time-slot space-division cross path to the time-division module after adjustment in space-division module and the time-division cross path of the time-division module after adjustment; and configuring the output time-slot space-division cross path from the time-division module after adjustment in space-division module; deleting the original cross path formed by the time-division module before adjustment.

Abstract: An optical intensity control system for use with an optical switch providing individual signal paths between input and output ports. The system has a optical splitters connectable to output multiplexers of the switch and also has variable optical intensity controllers (VOICs) for insertion into the individual signal paths. The VOICs individually control the intensity of optical signals present in the signal paths in accordance with intensity control signals. An equalizer is connected to the splitters and to the VOICs, for producing an estimate of the optical power of each individual switched optical signal and generating the intensity control signals. The equalizer is adapted to controllably isolate individual switched optical signals.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a frequency-domain equalizer that has been iteratively generated to compensate for filtering effects of a wavelength selective switch, wherein the FDEQ is configured to process in a frequency domain digital samples of a polarization multiplexed phase-shift-keying signal that has been transported over an optical channel.

Abstract: An optical add-drop network and wavelength allocation for the same wherein the system bandwidth is separated into a dedicated channel band and re-used channel bands, separated by guard bands, to allocate terminal connections to achieve a minimum number of re-used channel bands for the desired terminal connectivities.

Abstract: In a wavelength selective optical switch device that disperses a WDM light beam according to their wavelengths. Dispersed light beams is applied to a wavelength selecting element. Incident light beams are separately reflected in different directions according to their wavelengths by use of the multi-level optical phased array. In the optical phased array, even when the number of multi levels is small, by setting the maximum phase shift amount of the phased array to be at least 1.5 ? and less than 2.0 ?, wavelength dependence is reduced, thereby reducing crosstalk. In this manner, the wavelength dependence, in turn, crosstalk can be reduced.

Abstract: An optical input/output (I/O) bus system for connecting a plurality of external devices with a central processing unit (CPU) or memory in a specific system using an optical signal is provided.

Abstract: A system for optical data communication, including: a first sending node including a first data item for transmission to a first receiving node during a first timeslot; a second sending node including a second data item for transmission during a second timeslot; a first optical data link (ODL) and a second ODL; a first output switch configured to switch the first data item from the first sending node onto the first ODL during the first timeslot; a second output switch configured to switch the second data item from the second sending node onto the first ODL during the second timeslot; an optical coupler connecting the first and second ODL; and a first input switch operatively connecting the first receiving node with the second ODL and configured to switch the first data item from the second ODL to the first receiving node during the first timeslot.

Abstract: An on-chip data communications infrastructure includes a hybrid, photonic/electronic network. The network includes a plurality of interconnected optical switches, each under the control of an electronic router. The electronic routers are connected in a fashion similar to the optical switches, forming a parallel, photonic/electronic network. Electronic path setup messages are routed through the electronic network. At each hop, a photonic switching element in a parallel, photonic network is reserved. When the electronic path setup message reaches its destination, a chain of reserved optical switches is ready to channel the optical data through the photonic network.

Abstract: An integrated transmission apparatus includes a plurality of optical supervisory channel (OSC) processing units for processing OSC signals contained in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signal received from a WDM network and a switching unit for performing the path control of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) frames. An OSC processing unit transmits the SDH frame, containing wavelength information indicated by, to the switching unit. Another OSC processing unit acquires the SDH frame, containing wavelength information, from the switching unit and sets an OSC signal which is to be appended to the WDM signal to be transmitted, based on the wavelength information.

Abstract: In asynchronous optical packet switches, scheduling packets from a buffer randomly will cause less efficient utilization of the buffer. Additionally, reordering of packets may cause problems for service quality demanding applications. According to the present invention a new electronic buffer scheduling algorithm is proposed and a switch utilizing this algorithm is disclosed. The algorithm is designed for utilizing the buffer resources efficiently, still avoiding serious packet reordering.

Abstract: A method for implementing the subscriber port positioning by broadband access equipments, includes: when the subscriber initiates an access request, the multi-port terminal equipment captures the access request message, adds the subscriber basic information into the access request message, and transmits it to the office equipment; the single-port terminal equipment forwards the access request message to the office equipment directly; the office equipment captures the access request message, adds the terminal basic information into the access request message and forwards it to the broadband access server; for the multi-port terminal equipment, the terminal basic information and the subscriber basic information comprises the subscriber port positioning information; for the single-port terminal equipment, the terminal basic information is taken as the subscriber port positioning information; after the broadband access server receives the access request message, it extracts the subscriber port positioning informa

Abstract: A system including first and second sending nodes, a horizontal optical data link (ODL) having optical signals propagating in opposite directions in first and second waveguide segments, a vertical ODL having optical signals propagating in the same direction throughout third and fourth waveguide segments, a first optical output switch operatively connecting the first sending node and the first waveguide segment and configured to switch first data item onto the first waveguide segment during a first timeslot, a second optical output switch operatively connecting the second sending node and the second waveguide segment and configured to switch second data item onto the second waveguide segment during a second timeslot, and an optical coupler pair operatively connecting the first and second waveguide segments to the third and fourth waveguide segments, respectively, and redirecting the first and the second data items from the horizontal to the vertical ODL.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high capacity switching system for use in a transport network, which contains a number of input/output subsystems and a central interconnection means configurably interconnecting the input/output subsystems. The subsystems have input/output line modules for receiving and transmitting data signals to and from transmission lines of the network, one or more link modules connecting the subsystems to the interconnection means, and local switching means switching data signals in time and space domain between the input/output modules and the one or more link modules within one subsystems. The link modules are adapted to aggregate data signals from different input/output line modules of the same input/output subsystems and destined to input/output line modules of another one of said input/output subsystems into signal bursts and add a payload gap to each signal burst.

Abstract: A cross-connect system includes a mapping unit that maps second signal frames on which cross-connection is performed with a space switch, into third signal frames on which cross-connection is performed with the space switch and a time switch; a selection unit that selects either first signal frames on which cross-connection is performed with the space switch and the time switch and corresponding clock signals, or the third signal frames and corresponding clock signals; a cross-connection unit that receives either the first signal frames and corresponding clock signals or the third signal frames and corresponding clock signals selected by the selection unit and performs cross-connection for either the first signal frames or the third signal frames; and a demapping unit that demaps the third signal frames output from the cross-connection unit into the second signal frames and output the second signal frames.

Abstract: A buffer device includes at least one internal switching unit and at least one basic buffer unit. The internal switching unit includes at least two inputs and at least two outputs. The internal switching unit and the basic buffer unit form a closed connection by alternating with each other via one input of the two inputs and one output of the two outputs. Another one of the at least two inputs of the internal switching unit receives a light wave. The internal switching unit outputs the light wave according to a first control signal. The basic buffer unit buffers the lightwave from the internal switching unit. At the same time, a network node and a scheduling method are also provided. A network node with the buffer device has a small scale and is easy to realize, while the data packet loss rate is decreased and the head of line blocking is avoided.

Abstract: An optical switching system and method that provide fault tolerant optical switching without duplicating the entire system. Two optical switches are provided, each of which receives a portion of a transmitted optical signal. Should one switch fail, the other switch is still able to perform the required optical routing of the optical signal to the desired receiving node. The two switches can be the same type of optical switch that have identical switching functionality, or each switch could have a distinct switching functionality. In one example, one switch could be a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) switch that has fast switching speed but uses more power, and the other switch could be a micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switch that has slower switching speed but uses less power, thereby combining the benefits of fast switching and low power switching into a single architecture.

Abstract: A passive optical network system includes: a plurality of optical signal splitter receiving optical signals from a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) to provide a plurality of upstream optical signals having different wavelengths; a hybrid optical filter multiplexing the plurality of upstream optical signals in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) scheme; and an optical line terminal (OLT) receiving the multiplexed upstream optical signals in a time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme. Therefore, the network system can be easily expanded when the number of subscribers increases, and the optical loss can be minimized.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for handling data being communicated over lossless Ethernet that is sensitive to delays. Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is one example of an environment where data may be subject to unacceptable delays. The method involves designating certain data as low latency data that is sensitive to delays in transmission. The low latency data is then transmitted in such a manner that the receiving devices are aware that they are receiving low latency data. If a delay in the transmission of low latency is detected, commands are issued that pause or slow standard data in order to free up bandwidth for the low latency data. The commands may be, for example, backward congestion notifications and priority flow control. Low latency data is exempted from backward congestion notifications and priority flow control. Priority 7 priority group 15 may be reserved exclusively for low latency data.

Abstract: An exemplary apparatus for digital coherent detection of a multi-wavelength signal includes a polarization-diversity optical hybrid, at least four Wavelength De-Multiplexing (W-DMUX) filters, 4M detectors, and 4M analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), with M an integer greater than one. The hybrid has a first input for receiving a multi-wavelength signal including M sub-channels at different wavelengths, and a second input for receiving a reference light source including M continuous-wave references at different wavelengths that approximates center wavelengths of the M sub-channels. The hybrid has at least four outputs. A W-DMUX input for each W-DMUX filter is provided a corresponding one of the hybrid outputs, and each W-DMUX filter provides M filtered optical channel outputs. Each detector converts at least one of the filtered channel outputs into a corresponding electrical signal. Each ADC converts one of the electrical signals into a corresponding digital signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for dispatching OTN signals are disclosed. The method includes receiving an OTN signal frame; determining in sequence whether each byte in the OTN signal frame is an overhead byte; determining, if the byte is an overhead byte, whether the byte includes frame alignment data; and assigning, if the byte includes frame alignment data, the byte in sequence to a corresponding channel based on a sequence number of an OTN signal frame period, or storing, if the byte does not include frame alignment data, the byte in a buffer; or assigning, if the byte is not an overhead byte, the byte in sequence to a corresponding channel based on a location of the byte in the OTN signal frame.