Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, in which an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is made of a cured film of a composition including a compound represented by the following Formula (M1) and a charge transporting material having a chain polymerizable functional group:

Abstract: Provided is a photoreceptor having an appropriate surface frictional force that enables a cleaning angle, at which the slipping between the surface of the photoreceptor surface and the blade is prevented and the overturning and vibrating of the blade are prevented, to be easily obtained.

Abstract: Imaging members having a support, an imaging layer disposed on the support, an outer layer disposed on the imaging layer and fluoropolymer particles imbedded in an outer surface of the outer layer. Image forming apparatuses having such imaging members. Processes for preparing an imaging member for an electrophotographic apparatus, the process involving coating an imaging layer with an outer layer formulation. The imaging layer can be disposed on a support. The outer layer formulation can be dried to form an outer layer disposed on the imaging layer and has an outer surface. Fluoropolymer particles are applied to the outer layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an organic photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate; and an inorganic protective layer that is provided on the organic photosensitive layer so as to be in contact with a surface of the organic photosensitive layer, wherein the organic photosensitive layer includes at least a charge transport material and silica particles in a region on the surface side in contact with the inorganic protective layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an azoquinone compound represented by formula (1) below. In formula (1), R1 to R4 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C6 alkyl group or a C6 to C12 aryl group, and Ar represents a C6 to C12 aryl group.

Abstract: Uneven charging is improved, and production of a banding image attributed to a slip between the charging member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member is suppressed. An electrophotographic process cartridge including a charging member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member which is electrically charged upon being brought into contact with the charging member, wherein the charging member includes a electro-conductive substrate and a surface layer formed on the electro-conductive substrate; the surface layer contains at least a binder resin, an electron conductive agent, and a resin particle having a plurality of pores inside thereof; the surface of the surface layer has a protrusion derived from the resin particle; the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support; and the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a specific component.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate generally to image forming systems comprising imaging apparatus members and toner compositions. More specifically, the present embodiments relate to specific toner compositions for use with electrophotographic imaging members comprising an overcoat layer protecting the imaging member surface and a contact type charging device, such as a “bias charge roll” (BCR). The toner compositions comprise a combination of additives that provide an image forming system that does not suffer from the commonly observed deletion and imaging member wear issues.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate generally to image forming systems comprising imaging apparatus members and toner compositions. More specifically, the present embodiments relate to an improved BCR xerographic system comprising (1) a cleaning blade comprising a material having a certain Share A Hardness; (2) a photoreceptor having a surface with a specified Young's Modulus and; and (3) a toner lubricant additive. The combined system demonstrates a significant increase an overall service life of the system.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; a charge generating layer provided on the conductive substrate; a charge transporting layer provided on the charge generating layer, which is configured to include a charge transporting material and a polycarbonate; and an outermost surface layer provided on the charge transporting layer, which is constituted with a cured film formed of a composition including a chain polymerizable compound having at least a charge transporting skeleton and a chain polymerizable functional group in the same molecule, and has an A value represented by the following equation (1) being from 0.1 to 0.3, and a B value represented by the following equation (2) being 0.02 or less, each of which is determined by an Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: A=(S1/S13)?(S0/S03)??Equation (1) B=S2/S23??Equation (2).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes temperature sensors that measure temperatures at different locations in the longitudinal direction of a photosensitive drum. The image forming apparatus also includes an image processing circuit configured to change an exposure condition in the longitudinal direction of the photosensitive drum based on measured values obtained by the temperature sensors. A related image forming method includes calculating a temperature at a third location between the first and second location based on the measured temperatures at the first location and the second location, and controlling an exposure condition for exposure at the third location in accordance with image information, including changing the exposure condition for the exposure at the third location based on the calculated temperature at the third location.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer which contains a silicon-containing compound in an amount of less than 0.6% by mass based on the whole solid content in the surface layer, where the silicon-containing compound in the surface layer has a siloxane moiety in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more, based on the whole solid content in the surface layer, and its surface has specific depressions. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: The invention provides a laminate-type electrophotographic photoreceptor for use in a negative charge system, comprising a conductive support, and a photosensitive layer containing a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, on the conductive support, wherein in addition to a fluorene compound and a diamine compound which are responsible for charge transport, a compound having a specific structure is used in combination.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrophotographic photoreceptor which has high durability and high potential characteristics and can suppress the occurrence of stick-slip and turning up of a blade and the abrasion of the blade even when the blade is used as a cleaning unit. The surface layer contains barium sulfate composite fine particles, in which a conductive metal oxide is adhered to the surface of a core material made from barium sulfate, in a cured resin. The 10 point average roughness RzJIS of the surface layer is not less than 0.2 ?m and not more than 1.5 ?m, and a value obtained by an equation n×d, wherein n represents the peak count of the surface layer and d represents the number average primary particle diameter of the barium sulfate composite fine particles, is not less than 10,000 (pieces•nm) and not more than 200,000 (pieces•nm).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent cleaning performance, a process cartridge, and an electrophotographic apparatus. The peripheral surface of the member has flat portions having a width e (?m) satisfying 0.1?e?25 and a plurality of groove portions having a width w (?m) satisfying 0.1?w?25 and a depth d (?m) satisfying 0.1?d?3.0, the flat and groove portions at an angle ? (°) satisfying 80???100 with respect to the axial direction of the member. The sum esum (?m) of the widths e of the flat portions per each width of 100 ?m in the axial direction of the peripheral surface satisfying 5?esum?75, and e?/eAv satisfying e?/eAv?0.46, where eAv (?m) is the average value of the widths e of the flat portions, and e? is the standard deviation thereof.

Abstract: A process cartridge that can suppress production of a banding image attributed to contact rotation of an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member and output a high-quality image is provided. The charging member includes an electro-conductive substrate and an electroconductive resin layer, the resin layer contains a binder, a conductive fine particle, and a bowl-shaped resin particle having an opening, and the surface of the charging member has a concavity derived from the opening of the bowl-shaped resin particle and a protrusion derived from the edge of the opening thereof. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer, and the surface layer in the photosensitive member contains a specific resin (?), a specific resin (?), and a specific compound (?).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member excellent in suppression of image deletion and electric potential variation. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a hole transporting substance. The hole transporting substance is one of a compound consisting of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, or a compound consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, and an oxygen atom. The hole transporting substance comprises a conjugate structure containing 24 or more sp2 carbon atoms. The conjugate structure comprises a condensed polycyclic structure comprising 12 or more sp2 carbon atoms. A ratio of a number of sp2 carbon atoms is 55% or more based on a total number of carbon atoms in the hole transporting substance, and a ratio of a number of sp3 carbon atoms is 10% or more based on a total number of carbon atoms in the hole transporting substance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer that is provided on the electroconductive substrate; and an outermost surface layer, wherein the outermost surface layer is a layer made of a cured product of a composition that contains position isomer mixture of at least one kind among non-charge transporting compounds represented by Formulae (I) and (II) and at least one kind among non-reactive charge transporting materials.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate, and an outermost surface layer, wherein the outermost surface layer is a layer constituted with a cured product of a composition including at least one of non-charge transporting compounds represented by formulae (I) and (II), and at least one non-reactive charge transporting material:

Abstract: A surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product obtained by a polymerization reaction of a hole transporting compound having a first reactive functional group and a compound having a second reactive functional group reactable with the first reactive functional group, and a structure other than the first reactive functional group of the hole transporting compound is a structure having only a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, or a structure having only a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus does not have a unit for maintaining a uniform surface temperature of an electrophotographic photosensitive member through its surface. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has temperature dependent characteristics and is equally divided into two regions in a cylindrical shaft direction such that absolute values of the temperature dependence of the photosensitive-member characteristics in the two regions are not the same. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is arranged so that when, among the two regions, a region which has a smaller absolute value of the temperature dependence of the photosensitive-member characteristics is defined as a first region, and a region which has a larger absolute value of the temperature dependence of the photosensitive-member characteristics is defined as a second region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer that is provided on the photosensitive layer. The surface layer includes a cross-linked component which is a reaction product of compound A and compound B. The compound A is at least one compound selected from guanamine compounds and melamine compounds, and the compound B is a charge-transporting material. A structure derived from at least one compound selected from the guanamine compounds and the melamine compounds included in the surface layer amounts for 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, and a structure derived from the charge-transporting material included in the surface layer amounts for 85% by weight or greater. Surface roughness Rz of the surface layer is from 0.1 ?m to 0.3 ?m, and the surface has at least one compound selected from fatty acid metal salt and fluorine resin particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a substrate; a photosensitive layer that is provided on the substrate; and a surface layer that is provided on the photosensitive layer, contains fluororesin particles, is a single layer having a thickness of 3 ?m or greater, and has a cross-section, taken along a thickness direction thereof, which satisfies specific expressions.

Abstract: A positively chargeable single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a single-layer photosensitive layer. The single-layer photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The electron transport material contains two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the chemical formulas (1) to (4) below.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical base and a photosensitive layer disposed on the cylindrical base. The photosensitive layer has a photoconductive layer disposed on the cylindrical base, a charge injection blocking layer disposed on the photoconductive layer, and a surface layer disposed on the charge injection blocking layer. The charge injection blocking layer contains at least one of nitrogen and oxygen, carbon, and a group 13 element. A content of the at least one of nitrogen and oxygen contained in the charge injection blocking layer is lower on a side of the surface layer than on a side of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a change region in which a ratio of the number of carbon atoms with respect to the sum of the number of silicon atoms and the number of carbon atoms gradually increases toward a surface side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member from a photoconductive layer side, wherein the change region has an upper charge injection prohibiting portion containing a Group 13 atom, and a surface-side portion which is positioned closer to the surface side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member than the upper charge injection prohibiting portion and does not contain the Group 13 atom, and the distribution of the Group 13 atom in a boundary portion between the surface-side portion and the upper charge injection prohibiting portion is precipitous.

Abstract: A universal OPC drum that allows a remanufacturer to stock a minimum number of OPC drum sleeves of various sizes and then add the appropriate gear for the desired cartridge at the time of cartridge remanufacture. A universal OPC drum may also include a universal hub and an electrical contact on each end to maintain universality without regard to whether the OEM contact is mounted on the drive or non-drive side of the OPC drum.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising a component [?] and a component [?] (charge-transporting substances having specific structures), and a domain comprising a component [?](resin [?1], or resin [?1] and resin [?2]).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is removably installed and used in a device main unit of an electrophotography application device so as to form a process cartridge. The device main unit includes a driving-side power transmission portion. The photoreceptor includes a photosensitive drum including a cylindrical conductive base having a photosensitive layer containing a photoconductive material. A flange is fitted to the photosensitive drum. The flange includes a driven-side driving force transmission portion that has a cylindrical member and engaging protrusions. The flange transmits to the photosensitive drum a rotational driving force from the driving-side power transmission portion. A center of the cylindrical member is disposed on a central axis of the photosensitive drum. The protrusions are parallel to the central axis at positions on the outer periphery of the cylindrical member that trisect the cylindrical member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member having a photosensitive layer and a sub-surface layer having a charge transportability, overlying the photosensitive layer wherein the sub-surface layer is formed of a cured material formed of a radical polymerizable monomer having three or more functional groups with no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure, wherein the arithmetical mean roughness WRa of about each of frequency components of HMH, HML, and HLH obtained by wavelet conversion of values measured by a surface texture and the contour form measuring device ranges from 0.0002 ?m to 0.005 ?m and WRa (LLH) is 0.05 ?m or less, wherein the sub-surface layer contains at least one of a particular oxazole compound or a particular diamine compound.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member for an electrophotographic apparatus, which suppresses the occurrence of a banding image caused by uneven charging. The electrophotographic member includes: an electroconductive substrate; and a surface layer, in which: the surface layer includes a binder resin and an aggregate of at least one crystal particle selected from the group consisting of a flaky crystal particle of magnesium carbonate and a flaky crystal particle of calcium carbonate; an edge face of a card house structure formed of the crystal particle is exposed at a surface of the aggregate; a surface of the surface layer includes a convex portion derived from the aggregate; and a surface of the convex portion has unevenness reflecting a shape of the edge face of the card house structure exposed at the surface of the aggregate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a substantially cylindrical support and a coating disposed on the support and including a photosensitive layer. The coating has lines due to polishing extending in a direction crossing a circumferential direction of a surface of the photoreceptor in at least part of a region outside an effective region available for image formation in an axial direction.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for forming a charge transporting film, including a solvent having a dielectric constant of 5.

Abstract: An image holding member for an image forming apparatus includes a support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the support. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material and a compound represented by the following formula (II-1): wherein in the formula (II-1), Y1's each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon group; A1 represents a group represented by formula (II-2); R2's each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group; m's each independently represent an integer of from 1 to 5; and p represents an integer of from 5 to 5,000.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy has a composition consisting of Si: 0.03 to 0.6 mass %, Fe: 0.1 to 0.7 mass %, Cu: 0.05 to 0.20 mass %, Mn: 1.0 to 1.5 mass %, Mg: 0.01 to 0.1 mass %, Zn: 0 to 0.1 mass %, Ti: 0 to 0.1 mass %, and the balance being Al and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes: at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support; a surface layer that contains fluororesin particles and a fluorocarbon comb graft polymer containing a repeating unit derived from a macromonomer and a repeating unit derived from a monomer having a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; wherein the surface layer contains phosphorus in an amount of about 5 ppm or less, and a process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus, which use the photoreceptor.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate generally to an image forming apparatus comprising: a) an imaging member, b) a bias charging roller in contact with the surface of the imaging member, and c) a delivery unit in contact with the surface of the bias charge roller, wherein the delivery unit is fabricated as a polymer matrix impregnated with functional materials, such that the functional material is transferred onto the imaging member from the delivery unit via the bias charging roller. Embodiments also pertain to an improved electrophotographic imaging member comprising a very thin outer layer on the imaging member surface, where the outer layer comprises functional materials, such as paraffin, that act as a lubricant and or a barrier against moisture and/or surface contaminants. The improved imaging member exhibits improved xerographic performance, such as reduced friction and deletions in high humidity conditions.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support; an undercoat layer which is provided on the support and contains at least a binder resin, metal oxide particles, and an electron-accepting compound having an anthraquinone structure, in which a content of the electron-accepting compound is from 0.5% by weight to 1.5% by weight with respect to the metal oxide particles and a contact angle of the metal oxide particles with respect to water is from 7° to 12°; and a photosensitive layer which is provided on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: An overcoat layer for an organic photoconductor drum of an electrophotographic image forming device is provided. The overcoat layer is prepared from a curable composition including a urethane methacrylate functional charge transport molecule, and a photoinitiator. The urethane acrylate functional charge transport molecule is a reaction product of hydroxyl functional charge transport molecule and a monomer having an isocyanate group and an acrylate group. This overcoat layer improves wear resistance of the organic photoconductor drum without negatively altering the electrophotographic properties, thus protecting the organic photoconductor drum from damage and extending its useful life.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a charging roller including elastic and surface layers and a photoconductor drum. Initially, the surface layer has a surface roughness Rz of 3-6 ?m, and the layers have an impedance ratio of 0.81 or less in absolute value at a frequency of 800-3000 Hz. After a predetermined time, the surface roughness Rz is reduced by a decrement ?Rz of 0.1-4 ?m. The drum has a film thickness D initially ranging from 20-40 ?m and reduced by a decrement ?D of 5-25 ?m after the predetermined time. Herein, 0.005??Rz/?D?0.8 holds. The impedance ratio is represented as ZE/(ZE+ZS) wherein ZE and ZS represent the respective impedances of the elastic layer and the surface layer, and 100 k A4-size recording media recorded with images with an area coverage of 7% are printed in the predetermined time.

Abstract: There is described an image forming apparatus that includes an imaging member having a charge retentive-surface for developing an electrostatic latent image thereon. The imaging member includes a substrate and photoconductive member disposed on the substrate. The image forming apparatus includes a charging unit for applying an electrostatic charge on the imaging member to a predetermined electric potential wherein the charging unit is spaced from the photoconductive member a distance of from about 3 ?m to about 300 ?m. The image forming apparatus includes a delivery member in contact with the surface of the photoconductive member. The delivery member includes an elastomeric matrix impregnated with a liquid lubricant wherein the delivery member applies a layer of liquid lubricant to the surface of the photoconductor wherein in the layer has a thickness of from about 1 nm to about 15 nm during steady state operation.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer, and a protective layer that is provided on the charge transport layer and has volume resistivity of 2×1013 ?·m to 4×1013 ?·m, and the work functions and electron affinities of the undercoat layer and the charge generation layer satisfy the following Expression (1): 0.4 eV?(Efuc?Eauc)?(Efcg?Eacg)?0.6 eV (where Efuc represents the work function of the undercoat layer, Eauc represents the electron affinity of the undercoat layer, Efcg represents the work function of the charge generation layer, and Eacg represents the electron affinity of the charge generation layer).

Abstract: The rotary power transmission mechanism includes a flange member fitted to one end of a cylindrical member, a shaft inserted through an axial center of the flange member, and a pin member inserted through the shaft in a radial direction of the shaft. The flange member has a first contact portion and a second contact portion that have point symmetry with respect to an axial center of the shaft. When the pin member is rotated in one direction by the shaft rotating in the one direction, the first contact portion contacts a first end portion of the pin member and the second contact portion contacts a second end portion of the pin member. The pin member, when rotating in the one direction, pushes against the first contact portion and the second contact portion, rotates the flange member in the one direction, and thereby transmits rotary power to the cylindrical member.

Abstract: A positively chargeable electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer at least includes the following layers layered in the stated order: (I) a charge transport layer at least containing a hole transport material and a binder resin; and (II) a charge generating-and-transporting layer at least containing a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, and a binder resin all within this layer. The binder resin contained in the charge transport layer is different from the binder resin contained in the charge generating-and-transporting layer, and either of the binder resins contains a polyvinyl acetal resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein a charge transporting layer is a surface layer, the charge transporting layer contains a specified charge transportable compound and a specified binder resin, and the charge transporting layer satisfies the following expression (4-1).

Abstract: A photosensitive layer or a charge generation layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a gallium phthalocyanine and a particular diamine compound such as 1,2-diaminoethane or 1,3-diaminopropane. The content of the particular diamine compound in the photosensitive layer or the charge generation layer is from 10 ppm to 1,000 ppm (mass ratio) based on the gallium phthalocyanine.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive layer and includes a binder resin, metal oxide particles, and an electron-accepting compound having an acidic group; and a photosensitive layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, wherein when the undercoat layer has a thickness of 20 ?m, a transmittance T1 of the undercoat layer to light having a wavelength of 1000 nm, a transmittance T2 of the undercoat layer to light having a wavelength of 650 nm, and a transmittance T3 of the undercoat layer to light having a maximum absorption peak wavelength of the electron-accepting compound in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 1000 nm satisfy the following expressions (1) and (2): 5?T1/T2?40??Expression (1): 0.25??log10(T3)??Expression (2):.

Abstract: A multi-layered electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a multi-layered photosensitive layer. In the multi-layered photosensitive layer, a charge generating layer that contains a charge generating material and a charge transport layer that contains a charge transport material and a binder resin are layered sequentially. The binder resin includes a polycarbonate resin represented by a formula (1).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor has a surface layer containing fluorine resin particles, and the fluorine resin particles exposed on a surface satisfy the following Expression (1): 0.5?(A)/(B)?10??Expression (1) wherein, (A) represents a number of aggregated particles in which 5 to 20 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated, and (B) represents a total number of fluorine resin particles that are isolated without being aggregated and aggregated particles in which 2 to 4 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated.

Abstract: The charge transporting layer as the surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a charge transporting substances represented by any one of formulae (1) to (5), a specific compound, and a specific resin (binder resin). The specific compound is hexanol, heptanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, nitrobenzene, pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, acetophenone, methyl salicylate, dimethyl phthalate, or sulfolane.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, and an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is constituted with a polymerized product or crosslinked product of a composition including at least one selected from reactive compounds represented by the formulae (I) and (II) and a non-reactive charge transporting material, a content of the non-reactive charge transporting material in the composition is from 5% by weight to 40% by weight based on the weight of the outermost surface layer, and a content of the reactive compound before the reaction in the outermost surface layer is 3% by weight or less based on the weight of the outermost surface layer.