Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member; a charging member for electrically charging the image bearing member; developing device means for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on said image bearing member into a toner image and for collecting toner from the image bearing member; transfer device means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer material; a brush member rotatable in a direction identical or opposite to a rotational direction of the image bearing member and disposed downstream from the transfer device means and upstream from the charging member in the rotational direction of the image bearing member, the brush member contacting transfer residual toner while being supplied with a DC voltage of an opposite polarity to a normal charge polarity of the toner; and a moving member for moving the toner in a rotational axis direction of the brush member while contacting the brush member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided which includes a rotating image carrier including a central portion and tip portions, and a rotating developing element for contacting the rotating image carrier and applying a developer to a latent image, wherein an axial direction is parallel to an axial direction of the rotating image carrier, and the element includes tip portions at ends in the axial direction. Also, the apparatus includes a member for removing dust from the central portion of the rotating image carrier, a width of the member being less than a width of the rotating developing element and a width of the rotating image carrier in the axial direction of the rotating image carrier, and a dust collector for collecting dust removed by the member, and having a width greater than the width of the rotating developing element in the axial direction of the rotating image carrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning member which can be produced at low cost and which maintains excellent cleaning performance for a long period of time. The cleaning member has a lower layer formed through winding a double-faced tape formed of a sponge member having an adhesive layer on each side thereof around the surface of a core member, and an upper layer provided on the outer surface of the lower layer. The upper layer is formed of at least one fiber layer made of woven fabric or knitted fabric.

Abstract: A pattern forming apparatus brings a masking panel having a pattern-like through hole into tight contact with the inside surface of a front panel, and positions the through hole to the inside of a recess of the front panel. In this state, liquid developer is supplied through a developing roller, and an electric field passing through a developing recess where the recess and through hole are continued. Therefore, charged developer particles are collected in the developing recess, and the recess of the front panel is developed.

Abstract: A transfer cleaning station for an electrostatic marking system is provided. In this station, the upper surface of a movable transfer belt is cleaned by a rotating electrostatic cleaning brush (ESB). To improve cleaning performance and conserve space, a grounded conductive brush is placed below an inside surface of the belt so that an electrostatic cleaning field is created between it and the ESB. The grounded conductive brush is located in a previously unused space between two upper rollers in the station.

Abstract: A cleaning blade member for use in a cleaning section for removing toner on a toner-deposited body, the cleaning blade member comprising: an edge layer contacting the toner-deposited body; and a back layer provided on a back side of the edge layer, and wherein the edge layer has a Young's modulus of 8 to 20 MPa and an impact resilience at 25° C. of 20 to 40%, and when the Young's modulus of the edge layer is designated as Ea, a Young's modulus of the back layer is designated as Eb, a thickness of the edge layer is designated as Ta, and a thickness of the back layer is designated as Tb, a ratio (Rb/Ra) between a contribution rate Ra of the Young's modulus of the edge layer represented by the following equation (1), and a contribution rate Rb of the Young's modulus of the back layer represented by the following equation (2) is 0.01 to 6.0, and a total Young's modulus (Ra+Rb) of the edge layer and the back layer is 7 to 14 MPa: Ra=[TaEa/(Ta+Tb)]??(1) Rb=[TbEb/(Ta+Tb)].

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member bearing thereon a toner image charged to a predetermined polarity, a transferring device for electrostatically transferring the toner image borne on the image bearing member to a recording material, first and second cleaning members for electrostatically removing from the image bearing member any toner residual on the image bearing member when the toner image is transferred to the recording material, a first power supply for applying a bias of the same polarity as the predetermined polarity to the first cleaning member, a second power supply for applying a bias of a polarity opposite to the predetermined polarity to the second cleaning member, and a controller for variably controlling the condition of the bias applied to the first cleaning member and the condition of the bias applied to the second cleaning member independently of each other.

Abstract: A protecting layer is formed on a surface of an image carrier with a protecting agent that contains at least an organic compound having melting property of which penetration at 25° C. ranges from 3 millimeters to 30 millimeters, and organic compound particles having thermal decomposition property of which a weight average particle size ranges from 2 micrometers to 20 micrometers. A melting temperature of the organic compound is lower than a decomposition temperature of the organic compound particles, and a volume ratio of the organic compound to the organic compound particles ranges from 99/1 to 50/50.

Abstract: A method for operating a cleaning device having a preclean charging device for improved cleaning latitude on an imageable surface, including: moving imageable surface in a process direction through a cleaning zone, selecting a portion of the imageable surface moving through the cleaning zone; providing an initial pre-clean current to the selected portion of the imageable surface; and during the moving step, changing, the preclean current to the selected portion of the imageable surface.

Abstract: A pulse-like DC voltage is applied from two power sources to transfer residual toner uniformizing means and toner charge amount control means, respectively, to expel transfer residual toner deposited on these means from these means onto a photosensitive drum. In a low humidity environment, the number of application of the DC voltage is increased so as to sufficiently expel the transfer residual toner because the transfer residual toner is less liable to be expelled even when the pulse-like DC voltage is applied to the above two means in the low humidity environment in which an absolute moisture content in atmosphere is small and electrical resistances at portions of a photosensitive drum contacting the above two means.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising: an image forming section to form a toner image based on print data; a transfer section to transfer the toner image onto a transfer sheet; a fixing section to fix the toner image transferred onto the transfer sheet; a cleaning section for cleaning at least one of the image forming section, the transfer section and the fixing section; and a control section to determine an existence area of a real image in a print image based on the print data, to determine a size of the transfer sheet, onto which the print image is printed and to control the cleaning device based on determinations of the image determination section and the transfer sheet size determination section.

Abstract: An inkjet recording apparatus, including: a conveyance device including an endless belt which conveys a recording medium placed on an exterior surface of the endless belt; a recording device which jets ink onto the recording medium conveyed by the conveyance device; and a cleaning device to clean the surface, including, a flexible sheet member mounted more downstream in a conveyance direction of the belt than a position where the recording device is mounted, and a top of the flexible sheet member comes into slidably contact with the surface, and an elastic supporting member mounted at a side of the flexible sheet member; wherein when the flexible sheet member bends due to running of the belt, the elastic supporting member comes into contact with the flexible sheet member, and the elastic supporting member pushes the flexible sheet member so that the flexible sheet member presses against the surface of the belt.

Abstract: A developing device of an image forming apparatus has an image carrier rotating in confrontation with a developer conveyer and developing the surface of the image carrier with a developer moved by the developer conveyer. A rotating member is rotatably formed adjacent to the image carrier and generates an opposite air current to an air current generated as the image carrier and the developer conveyer are rotated. A power transmission unit transmits power of the image carrier to the rotating member.

Abstract: A charge apparatus charges by uniformly superimposing an alternate current bias voltage with a fixed frequency over a direct current bias voltage as the charge bias voltage on a photosensitive member. An exposure apparatus exposes the surface of the charged photosensitive member based on image data, and writes a latent image, and a developing apparatus supplies toner to and makes visible the latent image formed on the surface of the photosensitive member. A transfer apparatus transfers the visible image on the photosensitive member to a transfer medium, and a cleaning apparatus cleans the surface of the photosensitive member after transfer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner for visualizing an electrostatic latent image formed by an electrophotographic process, an electrostatic printing process, an electrostatic recording process, etc., which is produced in consideration of the environment and safety. The electrophotographic toner includes a fixing resin and a colorant. The electrophotographic toner is a black toner using a titanium compound containing no carbon black as the colorant. The electrophotographic toner may be an electrophotographic two-component black toner using magnetic iron oxide containing no carbon black as the colorant.

Abstract: A cleaning device, a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus, and toner to maintain improved cleaning performance for a long time. The cleaning device includes a cleaning blade, a lubricant applying part, and a toner removing part. The cleaning blade is disposed in contact with a surface of an image bearing member. The lubricant applying part coats a solid lubricant on the surface of the image bearing member, and is disposed in an upstream side from the cleaning blade with respect to a rotational direction of the image bearing member. The toner removing part removes toner particles, and is disposed in an upstream side from the lubricant applying part with respect to the rotational direction of the image bearing member.

Abstract: A cleaning system includes a rotating member and a cleaning blade which is forced against a curved outer surface of the rotating member to scrape off matter to be removed (toner) which is present along the outer surface of the rotating member. The cleaning blade has greater hardness than the outer surface of the rotating member.

Abstract: A cleaning member includes a contact portion that is in contact with a cleaning target, at least the contact portion is made of melamine resin foam that is obtained by heating and compressing an original form. Because the heated and compressed melamine resin foam is used, the wearing out of the cleaning target member is extremely less, and the cleaning capability is maintained at an adequate state for a long period of time.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which reduces abrasion of a photosensitive drum caused by a rotary brush such as an charging brush for electrically charging the surface of a photosensitive drum or a cleaning brush for cleaning the surface of a photosensitive drum. The rotary brush is in contact with the photosensitive drum. During the period of charging the photosensitive drum or cleaning its surface, the rotary brush is rotated in a first mode in which the brush rotates rubbing and sliding the surface of the photosensitive drum, and during other periods, in a second mode in which the brush is rotated passively as driven by rotation of the photosensitive drum. Abrasion of the photosensitive drum is reduced by properly controlling the width of contact between the rotary brush and photosensitive drum and the amount of push for pressing the brush against the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to image forming equipment, e.g. a laser printer of the type which includes a photoconductive (PC) drum and an associated charge roller. The invention is disclosed in exemplary embodiment as a laser printer incorporating a cleaner element with an electrical potential to sufficiently charge contamination particles on the PC drum to electrically repel from a charged surface, such as the charge roller.

Abstract: A method for removing a residue, such as lateral charge migration (LCM) film, from an imaging member includes contacting at least a portion of the imaging member with a wash liquid capable of removing the residue. The wash liquid containing the residue is then removed, for example, by applying an absorbent material such as a toner, to the contacted portion of the imaging member.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes a cleaning device capable of coming into and out of contact with the front surface of a toner image carrier which rotates with toner images adhering on its front surface, and for removing toners adherent on the front surface of the toner image carrier during the contact. A toner reception portion is disposed on a downstream side than the contact position between the cleaning device and the toner image carrier as viewed in the moving direction of the front surface of the toner image carrier, and it is partitioned into a plurality of chambers by a partition plate which extends in a direction substantially orthogonal to the moving direction of the front surface of the toner image carrier.

Abstract: A lubricant applying unit includes a lubricant composed of metal salt of fatty acid; an applying member that applies the lubricant on a subject under lubricant application; and a spreading member that forms a thin layer of the lubricant applied on the subject. The spreading member spreads the lubricant in such a manner that a thickness of the thin layer is in a range of 8 nanometers to 12 nanometers.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member configured to bear a toner image on a surface thereof. A charging mechanism is configured to uniformly charge the surface of the image bearing member. An intermediate transfer mechanism is configured to transfer the toner image from the image bearing member onto an image receiver. A cleaning mechanism is configured to clean the surface of the image bearing member after the toner image is transferred onto the image receiver. A lubricant supplying mechanism is configured to supply a lubricant contained therein onto the surface of the image bearing member and form a thin layer using a lubricating blade. The lubricant supplying mechanism is disposed between the cleaning mechanism and the charging mechanism.

Abstract: A carrier bead pickoff device is provided for removing ferromagnetic carrier beads from a developed image-carrying surface of a moving photoreceptor in an electrostatographic image reproduction machine.

Abstract: A toner is used in an image-forming apparatus that incorporates a toner-collecting member. The toner-collecting member collects residual toner on a surface of an image-bearing body. The toner includes a spherical toner having at least a binder resin, and an irregularly-shaped particles mixed with the spherical toner. The irregularly shaped particle has an average diameter in the range of 1–50 ?m. The average diameter is 14 to 10% of the diameter of a spot printed by the image-forming apparatus. The irregularly shaped particle is a toner having the same color as the spherical toner. The irregularly shaped particle is a colorless toner. The irregularly shaped particle is charged opposite in polarity to the spherical toner. The irregularly has a roundness of 0.85 or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image is formed on an image carrier. A developing roller is separatably abutted on the image carrier at a developing position to supply toner onto the image carrier to make the latent image visible as a toner image. The toner image is transferred onto a transfer member. A cleaner is abutted on the image carrier to remove toner remained thereon. A toner supplier supplies toner onto the image carrier while the developing roller is separated from the image carrier.

Abstract: There is described an image forming apparatus which forms a toner image on a transfer material by transferring a toner image from a photoreceptor element to an intermediate transfer member and then transferring the toner image from the intermediate transfer member to the transfer sheet. The apparatus includes: a developing section to develop the electrostatic latent image with toner so as to form the toner image; a first transferring section to transfer the toner image formed on the photoreceptor element onto the intermediate transfer element; a second transferring section to further transfer the toner image onto a transfer material; a lubricant supplying section to supply a lubricant, which includes at least a fatty acid calcium salt, onto the photoreceptor element in such a manner that the lubricant is added to the toner; and a polishing section to polish a surface of the intermediate transfer element.

Abstract: Preventing the imaging forming process of an electrostatographic reproduction apparatus having a plurality of imaging modules in tandem relative to a receiver transport belt moveable along a transport path from becoming contaminated with fuser release oil. A substantially uniform layer of the pigmented marking particles from the development subsystem of the image forming process is deposited onto the photoconductive member of the image forming process during any non-imaging cycles of the process, including cycle down, non-imaging skip frames, or recovery from a receiver jam. The substantially uniform layer of pigmented marking particles acts as a barrier to block fuser release oil from the photoconductive member and as a vehicle to carry away contaminating fuser release oil.

Abstract: A method and structure for an image processing apparatus that includes an image bearing surface adapted to receive electrostatically charged toner, a cleaning brush adapted to remove waste particles from the image bearing surface, a detone roller adapted to remove the waste particles from the cleaning brush, and a speed controller adapted to maintain a rotational speed of the cleaning brush above a minimum speed below which the waste particles would not be removed from the image bearing surface and below a maximum speed above which the waste particles would be thrown from the cleaning brush.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum, a charge roller for charging the photosensitive drum, a developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the charged photosensitive drum with a developer, a first auxiliary charging brush which is located upstream from the charge roller in a movement direction of a surface of the photosensitive drum and applies a voltage of a polarity opposite to a normal polarity of a polarity opposite to a normal polarity of the developer, and a second auxiliary charging brush which is located downstream from the first auxiliary charging brush and upstream from the charge roller and applies a voltage of a polarity identical to the normal polarity of the developer. In the image forming apparatus, the first auxiliary charging brush is supplied with an AC voltage to be improved in recovery performance of a transfer residual developer, and contamination of charging means can be prevented.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, includes a photosensitive drum; a developing roller rotatable in the drum-rotating direction when the cartridge is mounted to the apparatus; first and second separation members disposed at one and the other end of the roller so as to provide a gap between the roller and the drum and contacting the drum surface adjacent one and the other end thereof; a charging roller, contacting and charging the drum, which is rotatable with a peripheral speed difference relative to the drum; and a cleaning member contacting the drum adjacent one end thereof, the cleaning member having an effective area outside a developing-roller developing zone and inside a charging-roller-and drum contact region and which is in a region where the first separation member contacts the drum.

Abstract: In order to prevent an imaging forming process of an electrostatographic reproduction apparatus from becoming contaminated with fuser release oil, a substantially uniform layer of pigmented marking particles from a development subsystem of the image forming process is deposited onto a photoconductive member of the image forming process during any non-imaging cycles of the process, including cycle down, non-imaging skip frames, or recovery from a receiver jam. The substantially uniform layer of pigmented marking particles acts as a barrier to block fuser release oil from the photoconductive member and as a vehicle to carry away contaminating fuser release oil.

Abstract: A color laser printer includes an intermediate transfer belt, a capture roller for capturing residual toner from the intermediate transfer belt, and a removing roller for removing the toner captured by the capture roller. The capture roller moves to contact and separate from the intermediate transfer belt, and rotates while in contact with the removing roller whether in contact with or separated from the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes an image bearing member, a developing device developing an electrostatic image on the member using developer to form a developer image on the member and a developer charger charging residual developer on the member disposed downstream of a transferring position at which the developer image is transferred onto a transfer destination member and upstream of a position at which the electrostatic image is formed on the member with respect to the moving direction of the member. The developer charger is in contact with the member and is movable in the longitudinal direction of the member upon charging the residual developer. L1+d?L2 when L1 is the developing width of the developing device, L2 is the contact width of the developer charger with the member, and d is the width of movement of the developer charger in the longitudinal direction of the member.

Abstract: A cleaning station for removing particulate material from a moving web in an electrostatic printer/copier includes a customer-replaceable web-cleaning cartridge and a support bracket/backup shoe assembly. The latter serves to support the cleaning cartridge for movement between an operative position in which web-cleaning components of the cartridge exert a substantially uniform pressure on the web, and a service position in which the cartridge is sufficiently spaced from the web to facilitate replacement and/or service. Preferably, a bracket that supports the cleaning cartridge is pivotally connected to a backup shoe that is fixed with respect to the web path and exerts a uniform pressure on the rear surface of the web, opposite that contacted by the cleaning cartridge. A quick disconnect feature enables the cartridge-supporting bracket to be de-coupled from the back-up shoe and removed from the instrument.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner image forming portion for forming a toner image on a first image bearing member, a first transferring portion for transferring, onto a second image bearing member, the toner image on the first image bearing member, a second transferring portion for transferring, onto a transferring material, the toner image on the second image bearing member, a cleaning unit including a cleaning member abutting on the surface of the second image bearing member, and a transferring material recognizing portion for recognizing a type of the transferring material. The toner image forming portion forms a toner image for cleaning on the first image bearing member in accordance with information about a type of the transferring material that is recognized by the transferring material recognizing portion.

Abstract: A photosensitive belt cleaning roller is constructed to discharge residual toner, removed from a photosensitive belt onto an intermediate transferring belt. Accordingly, the residual toner on the photosensitive belt is first removed by the photosensitive belt cleaning roller, is discharged from the photosensitive belt cleaning roller onto the intermediate transferring belt, and is then finally removed from the intermediate transferring belt by the intermediate transferring belt cleaning unit. Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently collect residual toner remaining on the first and second image bearing bodies into a single, common place.

Abstract: A liquid electrophotographic imaging apparatus contains at least one drying sheet for removing excess carrier liquid in a liquid toner toned latent image on a photoconductor surface. The drying sheet comprises a flexible substrate having a first surface and second surface; at least one oleophilic carrier liquid absorptive layer on the first surface of the flexible substrate; and the first surface of the flexible substrate facing said photoconductor surface, latent image or liquid toned latent image.

Abstract: To provide an image forming apparatus including: an image bearing member; an electrostatic latent image forming means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the image bearing member; a developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image in a development position, the developing means developing the electrostatic latent image using a developer containing a toner and an externally added agent having a charged polarity opposite to that of the toner; a cleaning blade for cleaning the image bearing member; and a bias controlling means for controlling a bias to be applied to the developing means, in which the bias controlling means sets a bias applied to the developing means at the time when an interval area passes the development position according to information related to a length of the interval area at the time when electrostatic latent images for a plurality of pages pass the development position.

Abstract: A cleaning method for cleaning a developer container includes a step of blowing air through an opening formed in the developer container at a first flow rate; a step of sucking air through the opening at a second flow rate which is larger than the first flow rate; wherein while the blowing and suction steps are being simultaneously carried out, ambient air is permitted to enter the developer container through an ambient air inlet.

Abstract: Toner xerographically adhered to a material, such as a sheet of paper, may be removed using a solvent-based or solventless approach. The application of ultrasonic tamping, scraping and brushing may aid in removing toner particles. In a solvent-based approach, a solvent may be applied generally or the solvent may be targeted specifically to the toner covered portions of the material to loosen the adhesive securement of the toner to the material. Thereafter, the toner is subjected to a mechanical abrasion using ultrasonic and physical agitation to cause flaking of the toner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a charging unit for charging an image bearing member, an image forming unit for forming a toner image on the image bearing member that has been charged, and a cleaning unit for contacting the image bearing member to clean the surface of the image bearing member. In the apparatus, a ratio of a period wherein the image bearing member is moved without being charged to a period wherein the image bearing member is moved while being charged, is controlled to be a predetermined value or greater.

Abstract: In a color image forming apparatus of a tandem type, a full color image forming mode and a monochrome image forming mode are made selectable. In the monochrome image forming mode, toner is supplied between photosensitive drums for colors that do not contribute to image formation and cleaning devices therefor. Consequently, defective cleaning can be prevented and formation of high quality images becomes possible.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus suppresses several kinds of inconveniences caused by unnecessary contact of a belt-formed member with opposing members and drives the belt-formed member accurately even when the belt-formed member separated from a part of a plurality of opposing members. In an image forming apparatus having a belt-formed member supported by a plurality of supporting rollers and a plurality of opposing members located side by side in a line to oppose and contact the belt-formed member, a pivot mechanism is employed to temporarily separate the belt-formed member from a part of the opposing members for color image formation. The image forming apparatus also includes a tension roller dive mechanism to increase a relative distance between the tension roller and other supporting rollers to suppress a decrease in a tension of the belt-formed member during the above-described separation of the belt-formed member from the plurality of opposing members.

Abstract: A cleaning device of the present invention includes a brush roller having a brush held in contact with the surface of a body to be cleaned. The brush contacts the surface of the body to be cleaned due to the weight of the brush roller and rotates by following the movement of the above surface. A flicker is held in contact with the brush in order to remove toner deposited on the brush. A casing forms a chamber therein for storing the toner removed by the flicker. The brush roller maintains an expected cleaning ability even when impurities deposited on the brush absorb moisture in a high-humidity environment and cannot be easily removed or when a great amount of toner deposits on the brush at a time.

Abstract: Preventing the imaging forming process of an electrostatographic reproduction apparatus from becoming contaminated with fuser release oil. A substantially uniform layer of the pigmented marking particles from the development subsystem of the image forming process is deposited onto the photoconductive member of the image forming process during any non-imaging cycles of the process, including cycle down, non-imaging skip frames, or recovery from a receiver jam. The substantially uniform layer of pigmented marking particles acts as a barrier to block fuser release oil from the photoconductive member and as a vehicle to carry away contaminating fuser release oil.

Abstract: A remanufacturing method for remanufacturing a process cartridge includes (i) a pin removing step of removing a pin which connects the transfer member unit and the drum unit at each of one and the other longitudinal ends of the process cartridge; (ii) a drum unit removing step of removing the drum unit from the transfer member unit; (iii) a one-end cover removing step of removing an end cover from one longitudinal end of the transfer member unit; (iv) a screw unit removing step of removing a screw unit, wherein the screw unit integrally includes a screw disposed in a removed developer accommodating portion, provided in the transfer member unit, for accommodating a developer removed from the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, a gear for transmitting a rotational driving force to the screw, and an inlet opening for feeding a developer from the drum unit into the removed developer accommodating portion, and wherein when the screw unit is removed from the transfer member unit frame, the screw disposed in th

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a first charging member for charging a residual developer on the image bearing member, a second charging member for charging the residual developer, an environmental condition detector, and a controller. The first charging member is disposed downstream of the transferring device and up stream of the charger, with respect to a movement direction of the image bearing member. A voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of the developer is applied to the first charging member. The second charging member is disposed downstream of the first charging member and upstream of the charger. A voltage having a polarity like a polarity of the developer is applied to the second charging member. The controller, in accordance with an output of the detector, controls at least one of the voltages applied to the first and second charging members.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided which is capable of preventing a cleaning blade from being curled up or turned over as the operating time of the image forming apparatus elapses, or due to the shape of an image forming pattern. In the image forming apparatus, an image is formed by using a photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer formed on an outer surface thereof, and a residual toner on the surface of the photoreceptor is scraped off by a cleaning blade which is made into abutment with the photoreceptor. In this case, processing for continuously reducing a friction against the photoreceptor with which the cleaning blade abuts is carried out on the photoreceptor in the outside of an image forming area in a central portion of the photoreceptor on which the image is formed.