Abstract: An asphaltic concrete or paving material includes from 5 to 20 percent or more of granular recycled plastic, which supplements or replaces the rock aggregate component of the mixture. The material produces a structurally superior paving material and longer lived roadbed. The paving material includes any and all residual classes of recyclable plastic, including thermosetting plastics and other plastics having little to no current widespread utility. The material produces roadbeds of higher strength with less total asphalt thickness and having greater water impermeability, and is most useful for all layers below the surface layer. The recyclable plastic component of the material is preferably a mixture of all recyclable classes 3 through 7, or of those materials from such classes from which potentially more valuable recyclable materials have been selectively removed. The paving product is preferably formed by a process of shredding or mechanically granulating used and industrial waste plastic to a no.

Abstract: A roadway for use on permafrost terrain is described together with methods of construction, the roadway generally including a porous embankment and a pavement structure disposed on the top of the embankment. The embankment has a desired vertical separation between the bottom and the top of the embankment and comprises material of sufficient permeability to allow buoyancy-driven pore air convection to occur within the embankment when an unstable density stratification exists therein. This unstable density stratification occurs in the winter months when a temperature differential between the top of the embankment and the ground adjacent the bottom of the embankment exists, whereby the roadway promotes natural convection within the porous embankment which enhances heat removal from the embankment and underlying ground to preserve the permafrost layer throughout the year.

Abstract: An asphaltic roadway base or sub base which includes a by-product of petroleum refining units utilizing a Residuum Oil Supercritical Extraction (ROSE) process. The base course is a designed mixture of a resin-asphaltene residuum and aggregate, wherein the resin-asphaltene residuum has a penetration less than 10 at 77.degree. F. and a softening point above 150.degree. F., the resin-asphaltene residuum is present in the range of 3% to 12%, by weight of the composition, and the aggregate is present in the range of 88% to 97%, by weight of the composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to asphalt concrete paving systems and how they are structured. For more than the last sixty years, such systems have been one integrated structure consisting of (1) one or more "lower supporting courses" and (2) one or more "surface wearing courses". Such systems are integrated structures and, therefore, cracking starting from either the top or bottom will proceed through the entire structure. This invention provides a third type of course, a "separation course" between the "lower supporting courses" and the "surface wearing courses". The "separation course" prevents bonding of the "lower supporting courses" to the "surface wearing courses". This "separation course" is a barrier to stop the cracking at this point. It is also waterproof and will stop water from getting into the "lower support courses" and causing them to fail. The concept of a "separation course" is applicable to both roadways and running tracks.

Abstract: To make a reinforced concrete bridge or culvert 10, flat reinforced concrete plates 14A, 14B serving as longitudinally extending side plates and concrete folded plates 18A, 18B serving as shell-like cross members extending from side plate to side plate are formed and carried to the site. Two substantially flat side plates are mounted on drilled piers, driven piles, or other deep foundation structures at their bottom end and extend substantially vertically upward. The cross members are high moment of inertia per unit of weight, thin structures that are mounted on bottom ledges of the two substantially flat parallel vertical side walls and extend laterally between the two to support filler or other parts of the roadway between the side walls.

Abstract: A laminated playing surface and its method of making wherein a chemically blown polyolefin foam sheet is laminated by an adhesive to a scrim sheet saturated with a stabilizing agent which when heated contracts the lamination so that it can stretch tight between opposed edge portions affixed to the surface of the playing site.

Abstract: A composition for preparing a stabilizing road base and method for preparing same. The composition and method for preparing same comprise 30-50% by volume of gypsum fines having a diameter of less than one inch, 30-70% by volume of at least one aggregate having a diameter of less than one inch and 0-40% by volume of soil mixed into a substantially homogeneous mixture, the mixture having less than 14% by volume of particles with a diameter of less than 0.02 inch. The mixture is saturated with at least one lignosulfonate so that the lignosulfonate substantially coats the gypsum fines, the aggregate and the soil. The invention also discloses a road having a stabilizing road base and method for preparing same.

Abstract: A soil, which has been regulated in particle-diameter, is blended with a hydraulic material and water or an aqueous solution of synthetic resin emulsion, so that a moisture content may be 1.2 to 1.5 times an optimum soil compacting moisture content, and then stirred and followed by subjecting to a rolled fill which is followed by watering or spreading an aqueous solution of a soil-agglomerating agent on the mixture, which was subjected to the rolled fill, at least one time within 1 to 5 days after the completion of the rolled fill and further watering at least one time within 7 to 21 days after the completion of the rolled fill respectively, whereby an ideal sportssurface and the like showing not only a water-permeability but also a preferable compression strength and bending strength and showing no frost heaving is obtained.

Abstract: An asphalt pavement structural section includes a plurality of material layers arranged to act as an integral mechanical beam. The layers are arranged into a preselected sequence from subgrade to an upper surface course with the layer having the greatest tensile strength positioned adjacent the subgrade.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a building material and to its application in particular for embankments, surfacings, or mass foundation over loose ground.Said material comprises at least one flexible continuous element distributed tri-dimensionally in random manner in a mass of solid particles (such as sand) so as to contribute to creating a certain cohesion between the different parts of the mass of particles by entwining these parts.The invention finds an application in the production of road surfacings or as foundation mass over a loose ground.

Abstract: A synthetic clay court composition is provided having a first aggregate-containing elastomeric lamina applied to a substrate. Prior to the elastomer curing aggregate is broadcast over the elastomer in an amount sufficient to form a second free-flowing lamina.

Abstract: A textured synthetic running surface and the like comprising a urethane elastomer base having thoroughly dispersed granular particles of urethane or rubber elastomers. Shredded particles of solid urethane or rubber of a nominal maximum dimension of from 0.062 to 0.125 inches are dispersed through the elastomer base and totally encapsulated thereby in concentrations of 26% to 32% by weight to provide a non-slip resilient running surface. The surface is applied by mixing two parts of liquid urethane elastomer in a mixing drum followed by mixing in of the granular particles in measured batches. The batched mixture is discharged from the mixing drum to a hopper which feeds the mixture by way of a pump to an application gun.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to reduce wastage of water draining from pavements.

Abstract: A ground heating system comprises a porous stabilization layer provided between a pipe system for supplying heat and a pipe system for supplying water to control the ground humidity. The stabilization layer functions as a water distributor and heat storage means.

Abstract: A technique for rapid installation of corrosion resistant quench car railroad track wherein levelling blocks are embedded in a slag base, a layer of polyethylene is laid over the base and levelling blocks, and a thin layer of gravel is disposed on the polyethylene sheet. Mating precast concrete panels are placed end to end for supporting the ties and rails, with the adjacent edges of the panels overlying the levelling blocks. Ties and rails are installed on the upper surfaces of the panels, and drainage ramp and channel structures are provided on opposite sides of the panels. The panels have vertical holes therein through which an epoxy resin is injected into the underlying gravel layer, the epoxy being horizontally directed by the plastic sheet. The epoxy subsequently hardens, bonding the gravel particles together and forming a stable underlayment for the concrete panels.

Abstract: A combination roadway and pipeline way for use over permafrost comprising a roadbed and at least one pipeline embedded in a side area of the roadbed, insulation means carried between the pipeline and permafrost and extending laterally from both sides of the pipeline a distance sufficient to prevent substantial amounts of heat radiation from passing from the pipeline around the edges of the insulation means and into the permafrost.

Abstract: Means for controlling the moisture content and ultimate freeze-thaw cycle parameters of a paved roadbed including, a combination of electrolytic means together with the conventional roadbed, the electrolytic means being utilized to control the moisture migration through the soil in and around the roadbed. The system comprises a combination of a roadbed having a centrally disposed paved zone flanked by lateral shoulder zones, and electrolytic means along the shoulder zone slopes for controlling the moisture migration through the surrounding soil. The electrolytic means includes a plurality of spaced electrodes, including a plurality of anodes and a plurality of cathodes arranged in spaced-apart but electrolytically coupled relationship along the lateral shoulder zone slopes. The anode means includes crushed rock high in certain metallic oxides, with the oxides selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide such as, for example, crushed dolomitic limestone or basalt.

Abstract: An insulating and protective structure for frozen substrates wherein a hydrophobic or water impermeable base layer is applied first to the substrate and successive layers of a polyurethane foam or similar synthetic plastic foam material are foamed in place on the base layer, each of said foam layers having a vapor penetration-resistant layer on its upper surface and below the next layer of foam. Finally, there is applied a hydrophobic or water impermeable layer to the upper surface of the uppermost vapor penetration-resistant layer.This structure is designed particularly for application to substrates underlain with permafrost in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. It is designed to provide moisture penetration resistance, low thermal conductivity and to have both high compressive and flexure strength in order to impede heat transfer even with consequent freeze-thawing of the frozen substrate and likewise prevent physical damage to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An anisotropic road surface is provided comprising a road-bed having superimposed thereon a mastic binder, upon which is superimposed a layer of coated gravel particles, characterized by the fact that by close contact between the gravel particles in a particular direction, maximum resistance of the road-surface to crushing is obtained and wherein, by insertion of the mastic binder between at least a portion of the gravel particles, deformability of the finished road-surface is obtained in a perpendicular direction.