Plural Layers Patents (Class 404/31)
  • Patent number: 6802669
    Abstract: Numerous embodiments of a synthetic drainable base course (“SDBC”), and paved structures that may advantageously include an SDBC, are provided. As a key advantage of SDBC's according to the invention, they are of sufficient capacities and structural strength to be used within layered paved structures such as highways, airport runways and parking lots, to provide drainage superior to that afforded by conventional means and methods involving the use of open graded base courses that are typically formed of natural soils and aggregate and are extremely expensive to install. The invention includes means and methods that use conventional heavy equipment for installing an SDBC during the construction of a roadway or other paved surface.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 3, 2002
    Date of Patent: October 12, 2004
    Inventors: Peter J. Ianniello, Giovanni Capra, Aigen Zhao
  • Publication number: 20040096274
    Abstract: A simulated clay tennis surface has a first region (18) tufted with synthetic ribbons (16a) of a first height, and a second region (20) tufted with synthetic ribbons (16b) higher than those of the first region. A granular infill material (22) is applied to a depth which covers the ribbons in the first region, but leaves the tips of the ribbons of the second region visible to form court markings of a contrasting colour to the infill material.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 17, 2003
    Publication date: May 20, 2004
    Inventor: Gary Wayne Waterford
  • Publication number: 20040067103
    Abstract: A paving structure (11) of the type having an upper wear layer (12) and an underlying sub-base layer (15) of rigid insoluble hard particulate material forming voids for the collection of water permeating through the permeable surface where layer (12) has an intermediate reinforcing grid (16) located at an intermediate level of the sub-base layer (15) such that it is covered by an upper part of the sub-base layer (15U) which is of a thickness not less than 1½ times the dimension of the largest particles in that part of the sub-base layer. A reinforcing grid (26) at the base of the sub-base layer between this and the sub grade (18) may also be provided.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 15, 2003
    Publication date: April 8, 2004
    Inventor: Peter Hart
  • Patent number: 6705803
    Abstract: A foundation comprising one or more layers or mattresses of tires, and a fill material provided within and/or between tires of each of the mattresses. The fill material is preferably a relatively coarse aggregate and provides a porous bed having relatively high drainage capacity. The lowermost mattress is typically wrapped in a porous sheet such as a geofabric cloth which is designed to allow the passage of water across the lowermost mattress whilst preventing the ingress of relatively finer material into the fill material and which can otherwise lead to degeneration of the foundation. At least some of the tires typically also have an upper sidewall removed therefrom.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 13, 2003
    Date of Patent: March 16, 2004
    Inventors: Garry Kevin Callinan, Peter Chapman
  • Publication number: 20040037643
    Abstract: The invention relates to a road construction and to a method for realizing such a road construction comprising a foundation layer, a road surface provided on top of the foundation layer, and a binder course provided between the foundation layer and the road surface for bonding the road surface to the foundation layer. In the binder course metal particles are incorporated. The metal particles form threads and are iron particles. The binder course comprises bitumen that is incorporated in a fleece.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 18, 2003
    Publication date: February 26, 2004
    Inventors: Robertus Wilhelmus Marimus Naus, Joannes Louis Marie Van Montfort
  • Patent number: 6648547
    Abstract: In a method of reinforcing and waterproofing a paved surface, a layer of liquefied asphalt is applied on a paved surface. A reinforcement mat is applied over the liquefied asphalt. The reinforcement mat is a nonwoven mat produced from fibers having a melting point above about 320° F. (160° C.), and selected from mineral fibers such as glass fibers, polymer fibers, or mixtures thereof. The liquefied asphalt penetrates and soaks the reinforcement mat to form a water barrier. A layer of paving material is applied over the reinforcement mat.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 28, 2001
    Date of Patent: November 18, 2003
    Assignee: Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
    Inventors: David R. Jones, Gregory S. Helwig, John D. Sintich
  • Patent number: 6592288
    Abstract: A high traction anti-icing road cover system; the system includes a pair of base magnetic covers, for example steel plates or flexible non-porous magnetic layers, disposed in grooves in a road surface, such as a bridge span or deck, along the expected tire tracks followed by vehicles. A road cover is constructed of a lamination of a flexible non-porous magnetic layer, an intermediate thermal insulating layer and a tube layer including a plurality of bonded parallel tubes. The plurality of tubes extend obliquely across the width of each road cover. Most of the tubes contain a substance that collapses upon the temperature falling below about freezing; other tubes remain extended above the collapsed surface, to provide better traction in the event of icing of the road surface. All of the tubes are somewhat deformable by the weight of passing vehicles, which mechanically breaks forming ice. Selected tubes may contain a heating coil, coupled to a switch that controllably applies current thereto.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 18, 2001
    Date of Patent: July 15, 2003
    Inventor: Joong H. Chun
  • Patent number: 6588974
    Abstract: The invention relates to bitumen or asphalt for producing a road topping, whereby said bitumen or asphalt contains a proportion of paraffin obtained by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FT paraffin). The invention also relates to a road topping with said bitumen and to a method for producing a corresponding road topping or roadway/covering using said bitumen.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 16, 2000
    Date of Patent: July 8, 2003
    Assignee: Schümann Sasol GmbH
    Inventors: Günter Hildebrand, Ferdinand Richter, Michael Matthäi, Bruno Iversen, Klaus-Werner Damm
  • Publication number: 20020197109
    Abstract: A method of paving a gravel and/or dirt roadway is provided. This method includes evaluating the roadway to determine if it is an appropriate candidate for emulsion stabilization, rotating a milling head down a roadway to break up gravel and dirt, injecting an asphalt emulsion into the broken up gravel and dirt, and mixing the emulsion with the gravel and dirt so as to form an emulsion stabilized layer. The emulsion stabilized layer is then spread and compacted to create a paved roadway. Following this, a wearing surface may be applied to the emulsion stabilized layer.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 7, 2001
    Publication date: December 26, 2002
    Inventors: Bill Grubba, Todd Thomas, Dan Wegman
  • Patent number: 6457912
    Abstract: A foundation and a method for constructing the foundation are provided using recycled automotive tires. A portion of the respective side walls of the tires are formed into flat annular members. The annular members are laid out on the ground in an overlapping arrangement to form a continuous substrate layer. The substrate layer is covered with an aggregate material for forming the foundation. The substrate layer prevents the aggregate material from penetrating into the soil while permitting drainage therethrough.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 14, 2000
    Date of Patent: October 1, 2002
    Inventor: Ashley Leibl
  • Patent number: 6439805
    Abstract: A method of stabilizing the ground underlying roadways. Cement is mixed thoroughly with a microfill agent, and optionally a water reducing agent, to obtain a highly reactive and dry cement mixture. The dry cement mixture is blended with at least one of the materials soil, clay, or stone, and sufficient water so that after compaction the blend will have a compressive strength of at least 5 MPa after 28 days. The blend is spread on the ground to a thickness of at least 15 to 30 centimeters and a roadbed is laid over the blend after the blend has cured.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 22, 2001
    Date of Patent: August 27, 2002
    Inventor: Vladimir Ronin
  • Patent number: 6435765
    Abstract: An athletic track having a post-tensioned concrete slab supporting a resilient surface. The athletic track has opposed, parallel rectangular side areas and opposed semi-circular end areas connecting the side areas. The concrete slab is cast in place without requiring expansion joints between segments. Cables are cast into the slab for providing a tension load in the concrete slab. A first set of cables is tilted away from the perpendicular in a first direction while a second set of cables is parallel to the edges of the rectangular areas such that members of the second set of cables cross members of the first set of cables. A third set of circumferential cables is provided in the semi-circular end areas. A fourth set of cables intersecting the circumferential cables is non-radially disposed. The slab has a relatively flat lower surface. Pour strips situated along a line of symmetry are provided between adjacent quadrants of the end areas.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 10, 2000
    Date of Patent: August 20, 2002
    Inventors: Brad L. Crane, Robin Melton
  • Patent number: 6387175
    Abstract: A roadway base comprises oily sludge, steelmaking slag fines, and an additive selected from the group consisting of cement, fly ash, asphaltic emulsion, and mixtures thereof
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 5, 2000
    Date of Patent: May 14, 2002
    Assignees: Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc.
    Inventors: John D. Lynn, Leah M. Burge, Douglas J. Koutek, John L. Sullivan
  • Patent number: 6379079
    Abstract: Ecotechnical pavement comprising a draining and wearing course (1) and at least a second lower layer (2) of analogous structure. The particular granulometry of the layers (1, 2) and the choice of aggregates, insure both an optimum adherence and the absorption of medium and high acoustic frequencies produced by vehicle traffic. Between the two layers (1, 2) and the lower supporting layer (5) there is provided a “cooperating separation layer” (3) which transmits the forces produced by vehicle traffic to the supporting layer (5). The layer (3) acts as a Helmhotz resonator in order to absorb sound at low frequencies, besides allowing an easy transversal flow of rainwater, the passage of powder of heavy metals or the passage of other types of liquids; the latter, which may be dangerous or polluting, are collected in a lateral “reservoir pavement” (9). The separation layer prevents cracks due to fatigue from rising.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 2000
    Date of Patent: April 30, 2002
    Assignee: Autostrade Concessionie Costruzioni Autostrade S.p.A.
    Inventor: Gabriele Camomilla
  • Publication number: 20010002497
    Abstract: A geocomposite system for increasing the service life of roads, bridges, or the like, includes a geocomposite layer having a geomembrane disposed between two geotextile backings, a structural layer for supporting the geocomposite layer, and a base layer formed on top of the geocomposite layer. The geomembrane is impermeable and the geotextile backings are sufficiently porous to provide a wicking action of moisture or liquid laterally along the geomembrane and out of the geocomposite system to prevent moisture or liquid damage. The geomembrane prevents the intrusion of liquids including deicing salts into the structural layers of roads, bridges, or the like abating deterioration in the structural layers such as corrosion of reinforcing steel. The geocomposite layer is bonded to and conforms to the structural layer, thus reducing reflective, shrinkage and fatigue cracking and increasing the structural capacity of the road or bridge.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 12, 1999
    Publication date: June 7, 2001
    Inventor: ALBERTO M. SCUERO
  • Patent number: 6158920
    Abstract: A roadway structure comprising from top to bottom:a top layer,at least one rigid foundation layer having a high modulus of rigidity and supporting the top layer,the ground, or an untreated material or a damaged roadway, andin addition particularly having an under layer beneath and adhered to the foundation layer, which under layer has a thickness such that it constitutes a support with a smooth and flat surface for the foundation layer laid thereon.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 28, 1997
    Date of Patent: December 12, 2000
    Assignee: Total Raffinage Distribution S.A.
    Inventor: Michel Malot
  • Patent number: 6155749
    Abstract: Porous calcined clay sports field conditioners exhibit excellent playability while also displaying excellent drainage, freedom from compaction, and moisture retention under hot, dry conditions. The conditioners are non-hydrating granulates of narrow particle size distribution and are preferably of a red to brown coloration.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 29, 1998
    Date of Patent: December 5, 2000
    Assignee: Profile Products LLC
    Inventors: James D. Tanner, Mark E. Lewry
  • Patent number: 6146054
    Abstract: The lightweight embankment (1) comprises blocks (3) stacked in successive layers, the blocks of the same layer being separated by gaps (7). The blocks can in particular be made of expanded polystyrene. Application to embankments to support roads.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 1998
    Date of Patent: November 14, 2000
    Assignee: SCREG
    Inventor: Herve Tessonneau
  • Patent number: 6146051
    Abstract: The paving system has a perforated pavement covering a deep substrate of mainly hard nodules or shells, the whole being surrounded by impervious walls to provide temporary storage in the interstices for chemical spillage or flood water, wherein liquids may be chemically treated or biologically decomposed, and from whence the rate of outflow may be regulated, the pavement consisting of preformed pavings of brick, concrete or other material, laid edge to edge without mortar or cement, and these pavings can be perforated or notched to allow liquids to run down into the substrate. The pavings are laid on a screen which filters out solid particles to reduce clogging. The system allows biological substances to grow, or be introduced, with or without additional nutrients, and allows chemical treatments to be introduced, from above, when needed. The whole pavement system can be lifted out for cleaning or, substitution, and relaid as new.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 2, 1999
    Date of Patent: November 14, 2000
    Assignee: Conventry University
    Inventor: Christopher John Pratt
  • Patent number: 6089783
    Abstract: The invention concerns a novel road structure whose bearing part on top of the ground comprises three successive layers of bituminous material bonded with one another, namely: a base layer which rests on the ground with optional insertion of a forming layer of thickness H.sub.i such that: 4 cm.ltoreq.H.sub.i .ltoreq.10 cm, and of elastic modulus: E.sub.i ; a median layer of thickness H.sub.m such that: 4 cm.ltoreq.H.sub.m .ltoreq.20 cm, and of elastic modulus E.sub.m such that: 2000 MPa<E.sub.m <8000 MPa; and a top layer of thickness H.sub.s such that: 4 cm.ltoreq.H.sub.s .ltoreq.10 cm, and of elastic modulus E.sub.s, such that elastic moduli of said layers comply with inequality relationships (a) and (b).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 1, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 18, 2000
    Assignee: Entreprise Jean Lefebvre
    Inventor: Honore Goacolou
  • Patent number: 6071039
    Abstract: On a roadbed layer (4) is formed a cushion layer (5) of 50 mm to 200 mm in thickness which is formed by using elastic chips alone or in mixture with sand, each elastic chip being formed of elastic material and having a size of 7 mm to 0.05 mm, preferably 2 mm to 0.5 mm and a specific gravity of 1.8 to 3.5. The cushion layer (5) contains elastic chips of 3 wt % or more. The elastic chips are formed by mixing a material selected from the group consisting of synthetic rubber, natural rubber and synthetic resin with a specific gravity adjusting material of inorganic powder having a specific gravity of 3 or more.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 1998
    Date of Patent: June 6, 2000
    Assignees: Dyflex Corporation, Ay Chemical Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Katsuyuki Ogura, Yoshio Aihara
  • Patent number: 5967694
    Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a roadway for supporting vehicular traffic and which can be used over a wide variety of terrains comprises a network of interconnected modular components for supporting a road bed over which vehicles can travel and a plurality of prefabricated panels, overlaying the network of interconnected modular components, which form a road bed. The network of interconnected modular components includes a first layer of interconnected, prefabricated concrete cylinders placed over the terrain to be traversed. The concrete cylinders are formed into a number of rows whose longitudinal axes are parallel to the direction of the road. The network further includes a second layer of interconnected, prefabricated concrete cylinders placed over the first layer and joined to the first layer by a number of intermediate support devices. The concrete cylinders in the second layer have their longitudinal axes extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the road.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 28, 1998
    Date of Patent: October 19, 1999
    Assignee: Intevep, S.A.
    Inventors: Nelson Covarrubias, Pierre Miura, Jose Luis Mayor, Juan Federico Urich
  • Patent number: 5957619
    Abstract: The present method of constructing block pavement, which solves conventional problems, is applicable not only to landscape pavement of a sidewalk or an open space, but also to an ordinary roadway having heavy traffic of large vehicles, and makes available block pavement provided with a beautiful appearance and an excellent durability.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 6, 1997
    Date of Patent: September 28, 1999
    Assignees: Taisei Rotec Corporation, Nichireki Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Shoji Kinoshita, Norio Nishizawa, Katsutoshi Satou, Takurou Kurokawa
  • Patent number: 5823706
    Abstract: A highway pavement has a multi-layer structure (20) interposed between the subbase (24) and the subgrade (22). The multi-layer structure is also suitable for use in railway pavements. The multi-layer structure (20) comprises upper and lower flexible sheet materials (14; 10) and an intermediate load-spreading layer formed of a multiplicity of load-spreading elements (12) held together in the desired preset relationship so that gaps are provided between adjacent elements (12) for passage of water. The upper flexible sheet material (14) is water permeable. The lower flexible sheet material (10) is either (a) substantially water impermeable but provided with perforations (16) or slits therethrough at locations which open into the gaps between the load-spreading elements (12), or (b) water vapour permeable but substantially impermeable to liquid water, or (c) substantially impermeable to liquid water and water vapour. In some embodiments the upper sheet material (14) may be omitted.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 10, 1996
    Date of Patent: October 20, 1998
    Assignee: The University of Birmingham
    Inventors: David J Hoare, Imad M Alobaidi, Gurmel Singh Ghataora
  • Patent number: 5788407
    Abstract: Described is a paving method of fine water-permeable concrete which can be used for roadways, sidewalks, bikeways, parking lots, public squares, etc. A base layer of water-permeable concrete is paved by spreading and pounding a sand filter layer and a rubble base layer on the consolidated ground to have porosity after pounding of 10-20% and a coefficient of water permeability of more than 10.times.10.sup.-2 cm/sec. A mixture of crushed waste glass, fine rubble, 250-500 kg/m.sup.3 of cement, water at a water-cement ratio of 25-40%, and a polymer in an amount of 10-50% of the weight of cement used based on 50% solid material is spread on the base layer and pounded. The concrete is aged for more than one day, a mixture of a polymer and water was sprayed on the base layer to be absorbed, after which aging is done to complete the construction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 30, 1996
    Date of Patent: August 4, 1998
    Inventor: Ik Hyun Hwang
  • Patent number: 5779397
    Abstract: A method is provided for improving a soil body against vibration and liquefaction. According to the method, a higher strength stage is formed within the soil body, and a lower strength surface stage is formed above the higher strength stage. The higher strength stage includes a plurality of higher hardness portions formed by a consolidation process. Similarly, the lower strength stage includes a plurality of lower hardness portions also formed by a consolidation process in corresponding relation to the higher hardness portions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 24, 1996
    Date of Patent: July 14, 1998
    Inventors: Hirokazu Takemiya, Tasuichirou Naruse, Mitsunori Hashimoto
  • Patent number: 5673780
    Abstract: A method of installing a level ball bearing floor. The method includes applying a self-leveling coating over a base. A plurality of support plates are mounted on the self-leveling coating. A plurality of ball bearing units are then mounted on each support plate. The ball bearing floor maintains each of the ball bearing units of within 1/16 of an inch of the same height.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 20, 1996
    Date of Patent: October 7, 1997
    Assignee: International Automated Systems, Inc.
    Inventor: Jorgen S. Bildsoe
  • Patent number: 5525416
    Abstract: A play area surface treatment is provided comprising, from top to bottom: a layer of polymeric mesh, a layer of landscape separator, six inches of ground rubber buffing, a second layer of landscape separator, and six inches of pea gravel as a base material. Additionally, a protective edging is provided which is attached to the top layer of nylon woven mesh and provides a protective edging surrounding the play area.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 17, 1995
    Date of Patent: June 11, 1996
    Assignee: Uppy, Inc.
    Inventors: Norman Katz, Judith Katz
  • Patent number: 5511899
    Abstract: A roadway surface for private driveways, rural roads and farm lanes or other light traffic surfaces is made from recycled asphalt roofing shingles in pieces, preferably elongated strips, that overlie one another to form a cushioning mat. The roadway surface has a base layer of crushed aggregate such as paving stone, gravel or dirt, over which is a middle layer of shredded or particulated asphalt roofing shingle waste materials, such as reclaimed used asphalt roofing shingles and optionally new shingle tabs or other shingle production waste. The binding characteristics of the shingle pieces can be enhanced by adding a petroleum distillate such as asphalt, bitumen, paraffin, or tar. A top dressing layer of crushed aggregate such as paving stone or gravel protects and isolates the cushioning mat of shingle pieces. Each layer can be applied using conventional roadway grading equipment, preferably in layers of about one to two inches thick.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 3, 1995
    Date of Patent: April 30, 1996
    Assignee: Greater Lebanon Refuse Authority
    Inventor: Michael D. Pavelek, II
  • Patent number: 5487620
    Abstract: Pavement element such as a tile with an upper porous layer (2), below that a liquid-tight layer (3) and possibly there below a heavy layer (4). In order to keep a floor laid with suchlike elements well liquid-tight at the level of the liquid-tight layers sealing means (6) are provided between this layer (3) or one element and the same layer (3') of an adjacent element. Preferably these means consist in a rib or protrusion, which may cover the complete height of the liquid-tight layer. Preferably the porous layer is formed from particles of the same size having an irregular shape and the liquid-tight layer from particle from different particle sizes, such that the particles attain a high filling degree.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 28, 1994
    Date of Patent: January 30, 1996
    Assignees: Terra IJssel B.V., Harm Willem Holman
    Inventor: Harm W. Holman
  • Patent number: 5411352
    Abstract: A laminated playing surface such as a tennis court comprises: (a) a rubber like basemat which generally is formed of rubber particles bound without pollutants, in roll form; (b) a primer generally being a mixture of adhesive and dry silica sand; a layer of sand applied while the primer is wet which bonds with and fills surface gaps, holes, ravines and gorges; (d) a coating compound of sand and acrylic; (e) and a surface color coatings.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 23, 1994
    Date of Patent: May 2, 1995
    Inventor: Tumer H. Eren
  • Patent number: 5320447
    Abstract: The invention refers to a base structure, particularly for tennis courts, comprising a top layer consisting of a solid microporous plate comprising a mixture from 50% to 98% fine clay and 2% to 50% cement, the thickness of the top layer being of at least 2 cm in the non-compacted state, wherein the solid microporous plate results from chemical reaction by means of water added to said mixture. The invention also provides a tennis court, the surface of which is inclined at least 0.25% as to permit excess water to flow towards the center or one side of the court. A method of building such a court is also described.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 7, 1992
    Date of Patent: June 14, 1994
    Assignee: Clayther International - Technology Transfers Ltd.
    Inventor: Vicente G. Ubero
  • Patent number: 5281047
    Abstract: Masonry landscaping modules and methods for landscaping using the modules are disclosed. The masonry modules each have an upper portion comprising a plurality of masonry elements bonded to an upper surface of a lower portion. The masonry elements, preferably clay brick, are arranged in predetermined patterns and spaced from each other on the upper surface of the lower portion to define masonry joints between them. The lower portion comprises a concrete base having side walls which taper inwardly toward a bottom surface of the lower portion to define a trapezoidally shaped lower portion. Either steel reinforcing bars or fiberglass fibers are embedded in the lower portion. In completed products such as patios and walkways where multiple modules are placed adjacent to each other, inverted Y-shaped or "key" paving joints are formed between modules. Methods of laying the modules to form a variety of masonry products such as paving and other decorative arrangements are disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 28, 1992
    Date of Patent: January 25, 1994
    Inventor: Richard Skaug
  • Patent number: 5249883
    Abstract: A combination of a metal plate and a four layer paving system includes:(a) a metal plate;(b) a first primer layer, consisting of an elastomer modified asphalt;(c) an aggregate layer;(d) a second primer layer, consisting of an elastomer modified asphalt; and(e) a layer of asphalt pavement.The combination is resistant to delamination between the metal plate and the paving system. It may be utilized in applications which are subjected to the load of automotive traffic, such as bridge decking or the flooring of a parking garage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 26, 1992
    Date of Patent: October 5, 1993
    Assignee: Husky Oil Operations Ltd.
    Inventors: Ronald D. Watson, Dennis P. Foley, Reginald Frizzell, Dale Sieben, Ludovit Zanzotto
  • Patent number: 5182137
    Abstract: A method of applying a bound particulate rubber outdoor surface comprises the initial step of providing a prepared base onto which the surface is to be applied. A primer layer is applied to the base, and is composed of a mixture including water such that the layer is wet when applied and dries as the water in the mixture evaporates. A fluidized stream of particulate rubber is directed onto the primer layer before the primer layer dries so that a layer of particulate rubber is formed on top of the primer layer and settles at least partially in the primer layer. Thereafter, the primer layer is allowed to dry before application of a binder layer over the particulate rubber. The binder layer also is composed of a mixture including water. A fluidized stream of particulate rubber is then directed onto the wet binder layer so that a layer of particulate rubber is formed ont op of and settles in the binder layer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 8, 1991
    Date of Patent: January 26, 1993
    Assignee: 501 Amlite Corporation
    Inventor: Harold O. Allen
  • Patent number: 5123778
    Abstract: A method of paving and resurfacing, with paving materials consisting of a matrix of particulate materials and a binder, utilizes a mat including a fabric layer with a plurality of rigid, upstanding tubular members spaced in a uniform array of staggered rows. When asphalt paving materials are employed, a conventional base layer is first coated by an asphaltic binder material. The mat is then spread over the binder material. A top layer of asphaltic paving material is applied over the mat, to a level above the tubular members. The top layer is then compacted within and around the tubular members. The mat may be applied selectively in only high volume traffic lane portions to minimize paving costs. The mat inhibits subsequent migration of the asphalt due to high temperatures and heavy loading.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 26, 1990
    Date of Patent: June 23, 1992
    Inventor: William W. Bohnhoff
  • Patent number: 5122009
    Abstract: The invention relates to a highway structure sealing complex and a process for its application.The sealing complex comprises:a lower course of hot bituminous mix, consisting of a bituminous binder and a granulate, the bituminous binder representing from approximately 8.5 to approximately 10.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of granulate,an intermediate course consisting essentially of a bituminous binder,an upper course of cold-cast bituminous mix.Such a leakproof complex exhibits a high capability of avoiding the propagation of ascending or descending cracks.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 10, 1991
    Date of Patent: June 16, 1992
    Assignee: Enterprise Jean Lefebvre
    Inventor: Maurice Vivier
  • Patent number: 5106228
    Abstract: The invention relates to a multicourse surfacing for pavements, in particular for pavements whose base courses are cracking, and to a method for the production of this surfacing. The surfacing according to the invention, comprising an asphaltic membrane applied to the base course of the pavement and a waring course or binder course, comprises, between the asphaltic membrane and the wearing course or binder course, at least one layer of cold mix. The method comprises applying successively to the base course of the pavement, optionally covered with a primer layer:a layer of asphaltic binder,by cold spreading, a layer of a composition containing an asphaltic binder and a granular material,a wearing course or binder course. These surfacings are particularly effective for slowing the ascent into the wearing course of cracks forming in the base course of the pavement.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 30, 1991
    Date of Patent: April 21, 1992
    Assignee: Enterprise Jean Lefebvre
    Inventor: Maurice Vivier
  • Patent number: 5092706
    Abstract: A method for repairing voids such as potholes in asphalt pavement by mixing a lossy microwave material in the tack used for the tack layer. The asphalt patch used to fill the pothole is relatively non-lossy so that a substantial portion of microwave energy applied to the upper surface penetrates through the asphalt patch and is absorbed in the tack layer. The heating of the tack layer is enhanced to improve the interface bond between the asphalt patch and the surface of the pothole.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 24, 1990
    Date of Patent: March 3, 1992
    Assignee: Raytheon Company
    Inventors: Robert F. Bowen, John S. Sklenak, Kenneth W. Dudley
  • Patent number: 5079095
    Abstract: A method and composition for chip sealing a roadway utilizing a coating containing a parent binding material. Stone chips are then spread onto the parent binding material to form a composite having an upper surface. A liquid composition is then applied over the upper surface of the composite. The liquid composition includes an emulsion of liquid asphalt, a lignosulfonic acid salt, and water.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 10, 1989
    Date of Patent: January 7, 1992
    Inventors: Wendell Reed, Jeffrey Reed
  • Patent number: 5051023
    Abstract: The fracture-free paving block comprises a cement block substrate and a top solid layer, and is characterized in that the top layer is selected from a cured cement mortar layer and tile-like layer firmly bonded to the substrate with cement mortar; the top layer is bonded to the block substrate with lateral margins of 1 to 8 mm wide in horizontal distance from the peripheral edges of the substrate; and the vertical distance from the surface of the top layer to the peripheral edge of the substrate is 5 to 50 mm.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 3, 1991
    Date of Patent: September 24, 1991
    Assignees: Chichibu Cement Co., Ltd., Inax Corp., ILB Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Kinoto Yoshida, Morizumi Fujii, Tokihiro Tsuda, Shigeo Suda, Osamu Kodama, Kazuro Kuroe, Takumi Tanikawa, Michihiko Nishimura, Hideyuki Munakata
  • Patent number: 5035532
    Abstract: A modular construction system that provides structures utilizable in the manufacture of bases for pavements, pavements, slopes, canals, walls, arches, and bridges. A flexible structure is obtained formed by the articulated and indissoluble union of a multiplicity of identical modular units that have articulated, unbreakable joints, although there are free spaces between the units, in such a way that when a weight is placed in any area of the flexible structure, a part of the load is immediately distributed to the adjacent areas, the structure thus resulting in a stress distribution system, being flexible, articulated, and indissoluble. The distribution of stresses occurs both in the horizontal and the vertical direction. Two or more structures can even be placed one on top of the other, duly articulated between each other, with a separating layer between each one of them, by means of latch pins such as to allow the structure to be flexible, functioning in a manner similar to how a single structure functions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 15, 1989
    Date of Patent: July 30, 1991
    Inventor: Roberto L. Gargollo
  • Patent number: 5026609
    Abstract: Membranes are provided which minimize reflective cracking in the repair of roads. The membrane comprises a reinforcement along with a binder having a high modulus of elasticity and a binder having a low modulus of elasticity. The high modulus binder impregnates the reinforcement and is adhered to the distressed road whereas the low modulus of elasticity material is adhered to the impregnated reinforcement and is used in contact with the subsequently applied asphaltic overlay.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 15, 1988
    Date of Patent: June 25, 1991
    Assignee: Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation
    Inventors: Thomas R. Jacob, Leonard A. Stenger, William E. Uffner
  • Patent number: 5024552
    Abstract: A method of obtaining a composite sealing structure for permanent roadways, in which there is applied, between the at least partially concrete base support and the sealed layer or layers, a draining mix having a high content of voids which enable the air and/or the water being released in the form of vapor from the support to be diffused in order to prevent the appearance of deformities, including bubbles and blisters.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 22, 1990
    Date of Patent: June 18, 1991
    Assignee: Colas S.A.
    Inventors: Ghislaine Baillemont, Jean Beauverd
  • Patent number: 5020936
    Abstract: An animal running surface composition and optimization technique is described. The surface provides a firm in-place foundation layer above which is spread a surface layer. The surface layer intermixes earthen material and rubber particles which may be sized from one-quarter to three-quarters of an inch. These particles may also be shredded rubber from scrap tires to assist in waste disposal. The ratio of the amount of rubber particles to earthen material in the surface, the size of the rubber particles, and the depth of the surface layer can be varied to optimize the surface for particular uses ranging from horse or equestrian tracks to dog tracks to arenas, etc. Several other variations such as the avoidance of organic material, removal of any metallic materials, and inclusion of other layers are also provided for. The present invention provides resiliency, optimizes water use, is porous for drainage, and can be reasonably constructed, among other advantages.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 28, 1989
    Date of Patent: June 4, 1991
    Assignee: International Soil Systems, Inc.
    Inventors: Robert C. Malmgren, Jan Cipra, Edward L. Umlauf
  • Patent number: 5007764
    Abstract: An insulated trafficked surface having a first sheet of steel having corrugations, a second sheet of steel having corrugations attached perpendicular to and adjacent to the first sheet, a plurality of fasteners connecting the second sheet to the top of the first sheet, a heat insulating fill material filling the cavities of the corrugations of the first and second sheet, a covering layer of aggregate material formed on the top surface of the first and second sheets, and a surface layer of pavement formed over the top surface of the covering layer. The fasteners may be either rivets or screws. the aggregate material is a stabilized or unstabilized crushed aggregate. The surface layer is an asphalt pavement. The fill material is an expanded plastic.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 24, 1990
    Date of Patent: April 16, 1991
    Inventor: Esko Pontynen
  • Patent number: 4945697
    Abstract: A floor or walkway has a base and an overlay on the base. The overlay includes a plurality of prefabricated tiles each of which has an upper layer designed to contact objects on the floor or walkway and a lower layer designed to bear against the base. The upper layers are composed of a ceramic while the lower layers are composed of a resilient material having anti-skid characteristics. The upper and lower layers of each tile are adhesively secured or vulcanized to one another during manufacture of the tile. The overlay is formed by simply placing the tile on the base or loosely securing the tiles to the base by means of an adhesive. If the overlay is outdoors, the same or gaps between neighboring tiles are kept open to permit water runoff. The lower layers of the tiles are then formed with drainage channels and/or open pores for the discharge of water which has passed through the seams or gaps.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 28, 1988
    Date of Patent: August 7, 1990
    Assignee: Saar-Gummiwerk GmbH
    Inventors: Willibald Ott, Gunter Hoffmann, Werner Jacobs
  • Patent number: 4915539
    Abstract: A pavement structure includes a skeleton concrete formed by evenly spreading a mixture containing as principal components not less than 30% by volume of coarse aggregate, 2% to 20% by volume of cement and 3% to 20% by volume of water, the skeleton concrete including voids which are filled with a fluid material containing a thermosetting resin as a principal component.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 16, 1988
    Date of Patent: April 10, 1990
    Assignee: Taiyu Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Toru Yoshikane, Hiromitsu Nakanishi, Shinichi Takei, Tatsushi Kajino
  • Patent number: 4909662
    Abstract: A roadway is shown as being formed of various strata or layers starting with a lowermost bed layer or stratum of compacted earth carrying a layer or stratum of compacted dry concrete mix; a layer of moisture impervious material covers the top of the stratum of dry concrete mix; a roadway pavement of wet concrete mix is carried atop the moisture impervious material; and air passages are formed through the roadway pavement as to be situated transversely thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 13, 1989
    Date of Patent: March 20, 1990
    Inventor: Robert L. Baker
  • Patent number: 4905896
    Abstract: A railroad railway for rail-mounted vehicles capable of high speed travel includes a track grating formed of rails and ties with the ties partially embedded in a poured-in-place steel reinforced concrete slab. The concrete slab is mounted on a continuous concrete substructure with a separating layer arranged between the slab and substructure. A single layer of steel reinforcement is located in the concrete slab spaced below the ties. The slab is dimensioned so that it serves only for plate-like stiffening of the track grating without any appreciable inherent bending resistance. The slab is secured against longitudinal and transverse displacement of the substructure, while the substructure is dimensioned to absorb bending moments developed in the longitudinal direction of the rails. The concrete slab is divided in the longitudinal direction by transversely extending expansion joints whereby sections of the slab can be replaced if damage occurs.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 25, 1988
    Date of Patent: March 6, 1990
    Assignee: Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Josef Eisenmann, Dieter Hilliges, Gunther Leykauf, Helmut Lieske, Herbert Schambeck, Werner Sievers