Abstract: The present invention relates to a waterproofing complex for the deck of a road structure, which is intended to receive a surfacing course, the said complex comprising:a bottom layer consisting of a mortar containing about 10 to about 15% of aggregate with a diameter of less than 80 .mu.m, and from about 7.5 to about 9.5% of a bituminous binder based on elastomers, the percentages being expressed by weight relative to the dry aggregate, anda top layer consisting of a bitumen rich in elastomers.It further relates to a process for the waterproof road lining of the deck of a structure.

Abstract: A pavement having one or more surface layers overlaying one or move base layers disposed on a subgrade with a rigid base layer interposed therebetween. The base layers are composed of paving material. The surface layers are composed of flexible paving material. The bearing member separates the surface layers from the base layers and has about the same longitudinal and transverse dimensions as the surface layers. The bearing member is composed of a substantially aggregate-free or aggregate free material. The bearing member is sufficiently rigid to at least generally prevent any surface layers from conforming, during the useful life of the base layers, to irregularities of the base layers and to move with the surface layers as a unit in response to movement of the base layers.

Abstract: A water-draining stable mat is described, made up of tires of portions of tires. The roadway mat has several layers that are borne upon and conform to a substrate of peat, dirt, sand, clay or other soil material. One layer of a roadway mat of the invention is a layer of vehicle tires or toroidal elements of vehicle tires, laying side by side. Each tire touches at least two other tires but no more than four other tires. Contiguous tires are bound together using a toggle strap that straddles the side walls of contiguous tires. Another layer of the roadway mat is made up of cut pieces of vehicle tires called "chips". The layer of chips are applied so that the chips are in overlapping relationship to each other and so that the chips lie generally parallel to the substrate. The tire chips form water seepage channels thus allowing excess water to soak into the substrate. Another layer is a layer of topping. The topping comprises sand, gravel, dirt and/or other material commonly used in road building.

Abstract: A cushioned track surface for sporting events comprises superposed courses of materials. The track surface comprises courses of: (a) an underlying course of particulate material, (b) an intermediate course of fibrous material, (c) a binding course of shredded paper and (d) a wear surface course of additional fibrous material. The binding course serves a function of holding together the intermediate and wear surface course of fibrous material so as to prolong the durability of the track surface while at the same time providing good drainage and good footing.

Abstract: A soil, which has been regulated in particle-diameter, is blended with a hydraulic material and water or an aqueous solution of synthetic resin emulsion, so that a moisture content may be 1.2 to 1.5 times an optimum soil compacting moisture content, and then stirred and followed by subjecting to a rolled fill which is followed by watering or spreading an aqueous solution of a soil-agglomerating agent on the mixture, which was subjected to the rolled fill, at least one time within 1 to 5 days after the completion of the rolled fill and further watering at least one time within 7 to 21 days after the completion of the rolled fill respectively, whereby an ideal sportssurface and the like showing not only a water-permeability but also a preferable compression strength and bending strength and showing no frost heaving is obtained.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a prefabricated composite pavement device comprising a shaped pavement mixture portion bonded to a support portion and a method and apparatus for making the same.

Abstract: A grid system for stabilizing an underlayer and providing a support surface ncludes 60 longitudinally extending polyethylene strips which are bonded one to another in an offset manner and are adapted for providing a grid. The grid has a first collapsed orientation wherein the strips are generally linearly aligned and substantially contiguous and a second expanded orientation wherein the strips are generally longitudinally sinusoidal for providing a plurality of cells. The cells are filled with compacted naturally occurring beach sand. An asphalt layer is applied to the upper surface of the grid and penetrates the cells to a predetermined depth for thereby providing a roadway surface adapted for vehicler traffic.

Abstract: Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers having a melt index of 700-10,000 and a vinyl acetate content of from 1-40% by weight (based on the copolymer) are used as components of bitumenous binder compositions for the surface dressing of roads to improve the temperature range of their operability, the particular EVA's are also found to have good compatibility with the types of bitumen used.

Abstract: A road bed for railway rails comprises a ballast underlayment mat in the form of a body of elastomeric material. The mat has, at its bottom, prominent projecting parts of the elastomeric material and is covered by stone ballast. At least one fiber fleece layer on the top of the mat limits penetration of the stone ballast into the elastomeric material.

Abstract: An asphalt pavement structural section includes a plurality of material layers arranged to act as an integral mechanical beam. The layers are arranged into a preselected sequence from subgrade to an upper surface course with the layer having the greatest tensile strength positioned adjacent the subgrade.

Abstract: A highway pavement of concrete slab-on-grade surface includes a prestressed portland cement concrete surface layer which is mounted on a non-freezing low restraint support grade layer without any linear physical connection thereto in such a manner as to permit freedom of movement toward the midpoint of the surface layer. The surface layer is thereby able to slide in response to temperature and moisture changes in the environment including at temperatures below the freezing point of water. The surface layer has a riding surface of generally the same rideability five years after installation as it does at the time of installation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aircraft de-icing system comprising an aircraft-washing hardstanding (1) onto which an aircraft can be moved, and pipes and nozzles, (3) for spraying de-icing fluid onto the aircraft, and discharge and drainage pipes combined with a sloped impervious layer (11) for collecting and carrying away the fluid.In order to enable the fluid to be removed from the hardstanding quickly and reliably, the hardstanding is constructed so as to comprise a substantially planar surface layer (12) of so-called drainage asphalt, and an impervious layer (11) which is located beneath the planar surface layer and which slopes steeply down towards drainage pipes (15), so as to collect and carry away the de-icing fluid passing down through the surface layer (12). The system also preferably includes a pump (7) arranged to draw air down through the surface layer so as to entrain therewith any water vapor formed and thus prevent the formation of vapor clouds liable to rise from the hardstanding (1).

Abstract: A microwave energy reflecting zone (12, 12a, 12b) is provided below the surface of a pavement (11, 11', 11a, 11b) at a depth that is less than the maximum depth that such energy can penetrate into paving materials. The reflective zone, which is formed of electrically conductive material (16, 16a to 16h), results in energy and cost savings in subsequent paving or pavement repair operations that involve microwave heating of thermoplastic pavement and in which it is not necessary to heat down to the full depth to which such energy can penetrate paving materials. The heating is concentrated or localized within a predetermined upper portion of the pavement. The energy concentrating pavement may, for example, be more economically resurfaced when that becomes necessary by microwave heating followed by remixing and recompaction of the heated upper portion of the pavement material.

Abstract: To remove ice and snow from pavement (1) having a carbonaceous top surface (4), a 915 M-Hz micro-wave generator with wave guide (8) is passed over the ice (13) followed closely by a scraper (10). Concrete pavements (1) are first coated with a reflective (2), heat-insulating (3) and carbonaceous (4) top coat or other carbonaceous coating while asphalt pavements need not be so coated. The micro-waves at this frequency pass through the ice (13), the carbonaceous top surface (4) absorbs the micro-waves and becomes heated thereby, the interface (12) between the ice (13), so freed, is scraped off without damaging the pavement (1).

Abstract: A porous resilient paving system for use on well-drained soil as a playing surface is described as having(1) a soil-covering layer consisting essentially of mineral aggregate having a thickness in the range of from about 2 to about 4 inches;(2) a layer of fibrous vulcanized rubber particles covering layer (1), said layer (2) having a thickness in the range of from about one-half to about two inches;(3) a core composition layer covering layer (2) consisting essentially of a matrix formed from about 70 to 87 weight percent vulcanized rubber fibers bonded with from about 13 to 30 weight percent of a rubber latex selected from the group consisting of natural rubber latex and synthetic rubber latex; and(4) a topping layer covering layer (3) consisting essentially of from about 68-74 weight percent vulcanized rubber particles of from about 12-30 mesh, zinc oxide in an amount from about 1-7 weight percent and bonded with about 25 weight percent of a rubber latex.

Abstract: A method for reinforcing pavement involves the orientation of a sheet of elastomeric material reinforced by a plurality of substantially parallel, high tensile strength tire cords embedded therein and bonded thereto on a roadbed so that the tire cord fibers extend in the direction of the stress on the roadbed. The elastomeric material and the tire cord fibers are bonded to the existing roadbed and the roadbed is paved.

Abstract: A primer composition for use in the bonding of asphalts comprising the reaction product of an elastomer and a terpene resin. The primer composition of this invention can be used in the treatment of substrates to which asphalts are bonded to improve the bonding relationship between the substrate and the asphalt, such as in road-paving applications, roofing applications and the like.

Abstract: An aqueous rubberized coal tar emulsion composition especially suitable for coating and sealing bituminous substrates containing asphalt such as asphalt pavement and the like, the coal tar emulsion composition comprising a major portion of commercial coal tar emulsion and water admixed with a small amount of a carboxylated butadiene/styrene/acid copolymer latex having a particular particle size. The emulsion composition may additionally include a fine aggregate filler material such as sand. The coal tar emulsion composition according to the invention is of a thixotropic nature and has the ability to maintain the fine aggregate when added and mixed therein in a homogeneous-like suspension. The emulsion composition when spread on an asphalt surface exhibits a high degree of spreadability and provides a sealing coating that has a long life.

Abstract: A boiler includes a high intensity combustor mounted in a shell that defines the boiler housing. A coil bank is mounted in the boiler and spaced from the combustor. A fire pot is positioned in the combustor and defines a combustion chamber with a combustion throat at one end and a choke at a second end between the combustion chamber and the coil bank. The choke is formed of refractory material and includes uniformly distributed steel fibers that conduct heat across the choke from the hot side adjacent the combustion chamber to the cooler side adjacent the coil bank. The steel fibers substantially reduce the thermal gradient in the choke and improve boiler efficiency.

Abstract: A surface for sports areas, particularly tennis courts, is prepared by applying an intimate mixture of brick dust, other mineral material, non-hydrated tile cement, and water to a substantially level foundation and allowing said mixture to set up by hydration of the tile cement.

Abstract: Polyamide resins are used as primer for highway repairs using asphaltic membranes.

Abstract: A method of making a load bearing surface comprising mixing flyash with phosphogypsum in predetermined amounts to form a subbase disposed on a subgrade, sequentially spraying water onto the subbase and compacting for a plurality of cycles until the materials therein are intimately mixed, densified, and the subbase layer is saturated with water. A base layer comprising a mixture of flyash and phosphogypsum in predetermined amounts is disposed on the subbase layer and sequentially sprayed with water and compacted for a plurality of cycles until the materials therein are intimately mixed, densified, and the base layer is saturated with water. The load bearing surface produced has CBR values ranging from 50 to 90 at 0.1 inch penetration.

Abstract: Polyamide resins are used as primer for highway repairs using asphaltic membranes.

Abstract: A track arrangement including a ballast of broken stones on a supporting subgrade or man-made structure and at least one rail on the ballast is protected against propagation of noise by a damping body interposed between the ballast and the support for the same, the body including at least two superposed layers of material resiliently deformable in three dimensions under applied compressive stress.

Abstract: Portland cement concrete at a roadbed, bridge deck or the like is quickly and deeply heated and dried by directing microwave energy into the concrete and by applying hot gas to the surface. A layer of thermoplastic sealant is applied to the hot concrete followed by an overlayer of asphaltic concrete having a higher softening temperature than the sealant layer. Compaction then produces a composite pavement which is sealed against water intrusion and which can be quickly, easily and economically resealed and resurfaced at a later time using little or no additional paving materials. Resealing and resurfacing is accomplished by deeply reheating all three layers by microwave irradiation followed by recompaction. If cracking and deterioration are severe, the asphaltic concrete layer may be remixed and rescreeding between the reheating and recompaction steps.

Abstract: An improved three-layer slab supported by a reduced-thickness elastic foundation for roadway applications is described. The intermediate layer of the slab is significantly thicker and more porous than each of the adjacent upper and lower layers, and serves as a thermo-insulating layer to prevent the propagation of extremely low temperatures to the elastic foundation of the slab. The slab has a thickness significantly greater than that of the foundation. Typically, the upper and the lower layers of the slab are formed from poured asphaltic concrete, while the intermediate layer is formed from compacted natural crushed stone or granulated broken stone sprayed with fluid bituminous or a bituminous-gasoline mixture.

Abstract: Concrete bridge decks are waterproofed by first applying a primer over sound, dry and clean concrete which forms the bridge deck. A laminated membrane is then installed over the primed concrete surface, the membrane being comprised of reinforced cured and uncured elastomers. The membrane is then heated to the point where the uncured elastomer flows and rolled prior to cooling. A tack coat is then applied over the membrane and a wearing surface, such as asphalt, or the like, applied.The membrane employed is comprised of an upper stratum of a cured elastomer, a reinforcing fabric such as woven fiberglass in the center thereof and a lower stratum of a soft, uncured, form stable elastomer adapted to flow on the application of heat.

Abstract: A portland-cement stabilized soil base for a roadway is covered with an elastic rubber-asphalt layer and thereafter with a surfacing layer. The elastic layer may be formed by reacting 1 to 30% by weight of asphalt with 99-70% by weight of rubber and be applied hot as by spraying; and the surfacing layer will ordinarily be asphalt concrete composed of asphalt binding aggregate particle such as coarse stone, together. Preferably the elastic layer covered with a layer to prevent bonding of the elastic layer with an overlying asphalt concrete layer. Such bonding-preventing layer may be finely crushed stone, roofing paper, non-woven fabric, or plastic film, or the like.

Abstract: A method of erecting mass concrete structures consisting in preparing a ground bed, whereupon there is laid an insulating cushion of dry concrete mix. The insulating cushion is covered with a layer of wet concrete mix. The layer is compacted and heat-treated.

Abstract: An insulating and protective structure for frozen substrates wherein a hydrophobic or water impermeable base layer is applied first to the substrate and successive layers of a polyurethane foam or similar synthetic plastic foam material are foamed in place on the base layer, each of said foam layers having a vapor penetration-resistant layer on its upper surface and below the next layer of foam. Finally, there is applied a hydrophobic or water impermeable layer to the upper surface of the uppermost vapor penetration-resistant layer.This structure is designed particularly for application to substrates underlain with permafrost in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. It is designed to provide moisture penetration resistance, low thermal conductivity and to have both high compressive and flexure strength in order to impede heat transfer even with consequent freeze-thawing of the frozen substrate and likewise prevent physical damage to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: There are provided improved asphalt cements and bituminous paving compositions containing certain reinforcing filler compositions which impart desirable properties thereto. The filler compositions of the invention comprises certain carbon blacks which have been treated with certain non-volatile petroleum oils.