Abstract: A support plate for a bridge or ramp with a drive lane has two longitudinal supports forming lateral sides of the support plate. A plurality of transverse members is arranged parallel to one another and connected between the two longitudinal supports. The transverse members have an upper surface forming the drive lane. The transverse members are hollow and have a quadrangular cross-section. The transverse members have a first and a second sidewall, whereby the second sidewalls face the first sidewalls of neighboring ones of the transverse members. At least one angle member is connected to each second sidewall, the angle member having a first leg and a second leg. The first leg rests at an is fixedly connected to the second sidewall and the second leg projects laterally from the second sidewall for supporting the neighboring transverse member.

Abstract: Shuttering floor slab for the two-phase construction of level concrete plates, which is thin and rectangular or polygonal in shape and contains the bending reinforcement of the final slab, used to form a level monolithic structure by assembly and embedded bonding of an upper layer to conform the final slab, characterized in that its body contains multiple parallel longitudinal passages connected to its upper surface by symetrically located slots placed on the longitudinal parallel axes of the passages, and having interrupted continuity, thus creating an intimate connection between the poured upper layer and the shuttering floor slab, through the material of the upper layer itself when this material enters into the longitudinal passages of the slotted floor slab through the slots in the upper face of said slab.

Abstract: A vinyl walkway paver, particularly the one used as a paving stone with grass contained therein. The paver can be integrally formed to have a surface with a plurality of ridged bodies which are different in sizes. The center of the paver is a recessed portion, the four sides of the recessed portion form a hollow frame, the corners joining the diagonals of the frame are provided with corner holes and corner blocks. By such configuration, a plurality of pavers can be laid on the walkway, the central recessed portion thereof can be filled up with soil for planting grass. Moreover, the interior wall of the hollow frame can be provided with a plurality of ribs to form a suitable rough surface for strengthening the structure of the paver. Expansible materials such as polystyrene can also be filled inside the frame to give a better bonding structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides pavement and a paving material in which a large quantity of aggregates are bound with one another by a hot melt of thermoplastic resin powder, and also provides producing methods of such pavement and such paving material. The thermoplastic resin powder is neither limited in pot life, nor influenced by working conditions and weather conditions at the time when pavement is laid at a job site. Accordingly, uniform strength can be given to the resulting pavement or paving material. Further, the resulting pavement or paving material is excellent in weather resistance, elasticity and flexibility. Thus, the pavement of the present invention can be suitably used as pavement at play ground, parks, roads and the like. It is also easy to amend pavement, as necessary, after laid. The pavement producing method of the present invention can readily and efficiently produce the pavement.

Abstract: A multi-layer molded composite paving block having a first layer comprising reclaimed asphalt, thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic, monofilament fibre material and elastic material, and a second layer comprising thermoplastic such as polyethylene or thermosetting plastic, and an aggregate material, is disclosed. The first layer comprises about 75% to about 95% of the block while the second layer comprises about 5% to about 25% of the block. The plastic constituent in each of the first and second layers at opposing surfaces thereof are heat and pressure bonded with plastic constituent in the other of the first and second layers, so as to form a securely interlocked structural interface between the first and second layers, so as to thereby form a single integral structure.

Abstract: In the case of earth coverings made from concrete paving slabs, the noise generated by rolling traffic is disadvantageous. In order to reduce the generation of noise, plate-shaped concrete blocks exhibiting a significantly larger format than traditional paving slabs are proposed. The top side of the concrete blocks consists of a sound absorption layer (13) of porous concrete. On the bottom side, the concrete block is curved inwards, so that the fringe areas are subjected to a higher load. This results in a stable situation. For the purpose of draining off the surface water, the concrete block is equipped at the sides with upright slots (16), which adjoin the absorption layer (13) of porous concrete.

Abstract: Tiles, particularly for a liquid-tight and or acid- and alkali-resistant floor and wall covering. The covering has improved setting and service properties so that they are easy to set while voids are avoided, their leak-proof nature being of a high and long-lasting quality, and the tiles exhibit a high stress resistance. The tiles utilize alternating projections and indentations insuring that the adhesive material completely penetrates even narrow joints since the material enters those areas not only from the bottom but also from the sides and thus flows into narrow joint areas where the distances to be covered are very short.

Abstract: The embeddable paving block intended for surfacing roadways and other areas of ground, of the type including four identical arms disposed at right-angles to one another, each of the arms having shoulders distributed over the lateral faces and the ends of each of these arms, the shoulders being disposed to overlap in the plane of the surfacing the corresponding shoulders on the adjacent blocks in order to prevent the plane from opening up under the effect of any traction and in order to ensure a constant thickness of the joints.

Abstract: A railroad grade crossing comprising a plurality of elastomeric panels that are interconnected to provide integral multiple panel crossing units. Each panel has a plurality of elongate tapered cylindrical passageways extending through it that are parallel with the tracks being crossed. Pins are partially inserted into aligned passageways in adjacent panels to interconnect adjacent panels to one another. Because the passageways are tapered, and thus create larger openings at one end of the panels and smaller openings at the other ends, the pins are divided into larger ends, which fit into the larger openings, and smaller ends, which fit into the smaller openings. If it is desired to interconnect the panels into integrated crossing units prior to installation, the pins can be attached to the passageways and the ends of adjacent panels can be attached to one another with an adhesive. This permits the combined crossing units to be transported and installed as a unit.

Abstract: The method of treating a waste liquid or solid hydrocarbon to reduce risk of environmental contamination by the waste hydrocarbon, that includes forming a flowable cementitious paste of Portland cement and additives; introducing the hydrocarbon into the mix and distributing the hydrocarbon therein; forming the mix into a shape for curing, and allowing the formed mix to cure so as to encapsulate the hydrocarbon in the cured concrete mix.

Abstract: A grade crossing system for extending a roadway across a railroad track comprises elongate elastomeric pad units which abut each side of the rails in the track but do not extend across the entire crossing. The elastomeric pad units rest on the ties that carry the rails and have planar top surfaces that are coplanar with the tops of the rails. The remainder of the crossing is filled with non-elastomeric panels that also rest on the ties and have planar top surfaces that are coplanar with the top surface of the rails. The abutting edges of the pad units and the panels overlap such that the panels hold the pad units down against the ties and urge them against the sidewalls of the rail flanges. Thus, mechanical fasteners are not required to hold the crossing elements in place.

Abstract: A revetment unit for protecting shoreline or waterway embankments from eron comprising a generally L-shaped web having first and second arm portions converging at an apex and forming a 90.degree. right angle. Each of the first and second arm portions terminate at end portions. Identical cylinder members are associated with the web and extend above and below the plane of the web. The cylinder members have a height substantially less than their width and a single cylinder member is positioned at each of the end portions and at the apex. The web has a width slightly less than the diameter of the cylinder members yet greater than the radius of the cylinder members. The end portion cylinders are equally spaced from the apex cylinder a distance between about 0.10 to about 0.25 of the diameter of the cylinders.

Abstract: A temporary road is provided which includes a plurality of sets each defined by a first and second matrices which include an upper surface for supporting heavy vehicles and the like over rough or impassable terrain and a second matrices which comprises support members for the upper or first matrices. Thus, one set is laid down such that the first matrices is in a top or upper positions and cross members of the second matrices support the top member or upper matrices and thereafter a second set is positioned such that the first matrices is on the ground or in mud or the impassable surface is such that the second matrices or bottom of the second set with its spaced cross-support members interlocks with the spaced cross-support members of the first set and thereafter each set is interlocked such that the first, third, fifth et sequence provide the upper surface of the road and the second, forth and sixth et sequence sets provide the support for the upper sets.

Abstract: To make a reinforced concrete bridge or culvert 10, flat reinforced concrete plates 14A, 14B serving as longitudinally extending side plates and concrete folded plates 18A, 18B serving as shell-like cross members extending from side plate to side plate are formed and carried to the site. Two substantially flat side plates are mounted on drilled piers, driven piles, or other deep foundation structures at their bottom end and extend substantially vertically upward. The cross members are high moment of inertia per unit of weight, thin structures that are mounted on bottom ledges of the two substantially flat parallel vertical side walls and extend laterally between the two to support filler or other parts of the roadway between the side walls.

Abstract: The fracture-free paving block comprises a cement block substrate and a top solid layer, and is characterized in that the top layer is selected from a cured cement mortar layer and tile-like layer firmly bonded to the substrate with cement mortar; the top layer is bonded to the block substrate with lateral margins of 1 to 8 mm wide in horizontal distance from the peripheral edges of the substrate; and the vertical distance from the surface of the top layer to the peripheral edge of the substrate is 5 to 50 mm.

Abstract: A guttered paving block which can interlock with identical paving blocks in only one way to simply the assembly of a ground cover consisting of a square narrow waisted portion and a pair of oppositely situated extended head portions with pointed ends. The narrow waist portion makes the block easy to pick up with one hand. Dummy grooves which are parallel are provided to facilitate the manufacture of the block. Another embodiment is designed to permit a large number of patterns when assembled. It consists of a rectangular portion with a smaller square portion appended to one side of the rectangular portion.

Abstract: What is provided is a system which would utilize a plurality of glare modules, constructed of a lightweight foam material, and that could be positioned spaced apart end to end, along the length of the highway median barrier. Each of the modules would be secured to the barrier by a pair of mounting rods firmly secured to the upper face of the barrier and slideably engagable into a pair of openings in the bottom of the barrier module. The barrier panel would then be secured to the mounting rods with a locking pin.

Abstract: A paving material includes a plurality of identical paving stones which are similarly oriented and interlock to form a ground cover which completely covers the ground without being combined with stones of other shapes. The shape of the stones is defined by an array of concentric circle pairs centered at the intersections of two sets of parallel and equally spaced lines. The circles intersect so as to form two shapes, one shape being a segment of a solid cylinder with a radius that of the inner circle and the other being a segment of an open annular ring lying between an inner and an outer circle. Each stone includes one of the solid cylindrical segments integrally joined with one or two parts of an annular segment. Optionally, a false joint is marked by an arcuate groove in the upper surface of each stone.

Abstract: The present invention is a frame for constructing pavement boards in which plural sections having the bottom are divided, plural holes for draining water are made in the bottom, plural through holes in the directions of top and bottom are formed at the section walls of the above sections, respectively, the lower sides of the holes are opened and the upper sides of the holes are closed so as to be openable. The upper sides of the above through holes are closed so as to be openable by a thin film which is unitedly formed with the frame or an adhesion tape which is applied to the upper sides of the section walls.

Abstract: A three-dimensional frame structure for guiding and positioning elements used in the construction of a mat for construction roads. The structure holds the components of the mat in position to insure uniformity of assembled mats. The uniformity is assured by providing a template to hold the components of a mat into position during the fabrication of the mats.A method of a manufacture for mats for use in a artificial construction road which utilizes an assembly frame to position the components of a mat during the mat's manufacture into a predetermined arrangement to insure the uniformity of each mat assembled so that the mats may be interchangeably used in the field.

Abstract: A temporary road is provided which includes a plurality of sets each defined by a first and second matrices which include an upper surface for supporting heavy vehicles and the like over rough or impassable terrain and a second matrices which comprises support members for the upper or first matrices. Thus, one set is laid down such that the first matrices is in a top or upper position and cross members of the second matrices support the top member or upper matrices and thereafter a second set is positioned such that the first matrices is on the ground or in mud or the impassable surface is such that the second matrices or bottom of the second set with its spaced cross-support members interlocks with the spaced cross-support members of the first set and thereafter each set is interlocked such that the first, third, fifth et sequence provide the upper surface of the road and the second, fourth and sixth et sequence sets provide the support for the upper sets.

Abstract: A block for a building or a pavement is disclosed which has a plurality of longitudinal holes and transverse holes extending through the block and communicating with each other at the intersecting points, recesses formed on the underside thereof, and a plurality of holes extending vertically through the block at the solid portions remaining between the intersecting points of the holes.

Abstract: As an article of manufacture, a construction element typically in a square configuration for its exposed face, or multiples thereof, suitable as a load bearing or decorative member or a facing or tile for a wall, floor, ceiling and the like, wherein at least one face of the element has a combination of five exposed surfaces, which surfaces interrelate and give varied visual effects by the interplay of light with the five exposed surfaces.

Abstract: A screen component for use in modular screening decks, comprising a frame-shaped plastics moulding which surrounds one or more fields having screen openings. At least two of the opposite sides of the plastics moulding have supporting members with fastening elements, between which reinforcement rods embedded in the plastics moulding extends. Premoulded plastic inserts are embedded in the supporting members and have insert openings on the sides of the inserts facing each other, into which the ends of the reinforcement rods are inserted.

Abstract: The embankment stabilizing brick, in plan view, is of an L-shaped configuration. Formed on the free end of the short-ended leg (12 ) is a stub tongue (14) extending in the direction of the long-ended leg. The length of the stub tongue corresponds at least to about half the width of the long-ended leg (10) but amounts only to a fraction of the length thereof. Provided on the upper and lower sides are depressions (16, 18) serving for mutually keying superposed embankment stabilizing bricks. The weight of the new brick corresponds to almost half the weight of conventional embankment stabilizing bricks; however, owing to the stub tongue (14) it can be stably stored superposed in various positions.

Abstract: A reversible playing and/or performing area having at least one reversible tray which has separately utilizable opposing plane surfaces. The tray has a bottom and shallow sides. The outer surface of the bottom of the tray provides a first playing surface. The space of the tray defined by the inner surfaces of the bottom and the sides of the tray holds a bedding material which provides the base for a second, opposing playing surface. Suitable device is provided for rotatably reversing the playing surfaces. The reversible area may have a plurality of abutting trays which may be of different shapes and dimensions.

Abstract: An interlocking slab element for covering the ground or the like which has a main hexagonal section and at least one tail section integral therewith which are oriented substantially in one plane. The main section has a first pair of adjoining peripheral edges or faces and a second pair of adjoining minor peripheral edges or faces with the first and second pairs of minor peripheral edges or faces being oppositely disposed in spaced-apart relationship. The main section further has a pair of spaced-apart parallel major peripheral edges or faces interconnecting the first and second pairs of minor peripheral faces. The tail section has four minor peripheral faces or edges, with one of the four minor faces of the tail section being substantially coextensive in size and shape and spatially coincident with one of the minor faces of the main section.

Abstract: Prefabricated concrete elements for constructing paths corresponding to a width N or a multiple thereof contain two groups. The first group comprises flat, four-sided slabs for the straight sections of the path, having a dimension corresponding to the normal width N or half said normal width. The second group of prefabricated concrete elements comprise a plurality of sets of flat, sector slabs for the curved sections of the path having different predetermined radius each set consists of sector slabs having a predetermined radius and radii having a dimension corresponding to the normal width.

Abstract: A method of laying bricks in order to lay a large brick surface; including one or several bricklayers working independently in separate areas, the brick laying at each area including an initial laying of a pointed, wedge-shaped brick with progressively thicker, wedge-shaped bricks adjacent thereto in a row, until attaining a standard brick width, after which all other rows of bricks adjacent to the tapered row of brick thus formed, are made of standard, same width brick; the brick rows of all areas being joined together, so as to form the large brick surface.

Abstract: A deck component for use in a highway railroad crossing. The component comprises a flat pad of molded, comminuted rubber dimensioned to lie with companion pads inside and outside the rails and spiked to the ties. Pad bearing is provided against the webs of the rails, as well as against the tie plates and the ties. The result is a stabilized crossing easily installed and of long life.

Abstract: A plurality of pavings stones are organized in an array to form a walkway having the appearance of cobblestones. Each of the prime elements of the walkway includes an elongated stone having the general appearance of three hexagonal stones joined together. The sides allow the stones to be interfitted to with adjacent stones being offset one-half a hexagon or more. The top surface of the stones includes three rounded projections above the planar sidewalls so that earth, sand and the like which falls into the cracks between the projections will give the walkway the appearance of cobblestones.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for construction of a bicycle path on the berm of roadways, or the like, and includes standard components such as rails, runners, shim members and spikes whereby the path can be constructed either on existing berms or as part of new construction projects, and a smooth surface for bicycle travel will be provided by endless runners that have side boundaries defined by rails.

Abstract: A method of replacing an existing roadway on structure in which at least one of the lanes of the roadway is cut into rectilinear sections during a first nonpeak traffic period. The sections are left in place, and temporary traffic bearing members are positioned over the cuts to permit the flow of traffic over all of the lanes of the roadway during an ensuing peak traffic period. Orthotropic roadway modules are preformed and paved at a factory or other remote location, and each of these modules has a width equal to that of the one lane. During a second nonpeak traffic period one or more of the modules is transported to the site, the traffic bearing members and the rectilinear sections are removed and the module is connected in place. The foregoing steps are repeated during successive traffic periods until the entire roadway has been replaced.

Abstract: A paving stone module in the form of a slab of substantially even thickness of a trapezoidal shape having substantially flat upper and lower surfaces, four side and end walls and a plurality of elongate apertures extending from the upper to the lower surface, the side and end walls being withdrawn inwardly toward the lower surface of the stone, the apertures being narrower at their upper ends adjacent the upper surface of the stone, and upper marginal portions of the side, end and aperture walls define projecting edges. Along two or more outer walls of the stone may be provided spacer shoulders having an abutment surface extending perpendicularly of the lower and upper surfaces of the stone.